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{\fhimajor\f31502\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0302020204030204}Calibri Light{\*\falt Calibri};}{\fbimajor\f31503\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
{\flominor\f31504\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}{\fdbminor\f31505\fbidi \froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman;}
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{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri Light CE{\*\falt Calibri};}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Light Cyr{\*\falt Calibri};}
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\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3037881 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid3037881 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\insrsid12649994\charrsid3037881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid3037881 WESTERN DIVISION AT LAUTOKA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\insrsid12649994\charrsid3037881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid3037881 APPELLATE JURISDICTION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\insrsid12649994\charrsid3037881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid3037881 CIVIL ACTION NO: HBC 93 OF 2013}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\insrsid12649994\charrsid3037881 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3037881 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid3037881 (On appeal from Lautoka High Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid10513591\charrsid3037881 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi-1710\li1710\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1710\itap0\pararsid3037881 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid3037881 of Civil Action No. HBC 93 of 2013)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid10513591\charrsid3037881 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3037881 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\insrsid10513591 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\insrsid3037881 BETWEEN
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\insrsid3037881\charrsid3037881 
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow\ts15\trgaph108\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid3037881\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind108\tblindtype3 
\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8910\clshdrawnil\clhidemark \cellx8910\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \fi-899\li899\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin899\pararsid16325488\yts15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f277\fs24\ul\insrsid3037881\charrsid3037881 KRISHNA KUMAR NAIDU AND SHILVA NADAN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid3037881  of Lot 2, Solovi, Nadi and Chinakoti, Moto, Ba, trading as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f277\fs24\ul\insrsid3037881\charrsid3037881 TROPIKO EXPORTS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\ul\insrsid3037881\charrsid3037881 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid3037881 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3037881 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid3037881\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind108\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8910\clshdrawnil\clhidemark \cellx8910\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow1\irowband1\ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid3037881\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind108\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8910\clshdrawnil \cellx8910\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3037881\yts15 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\ul\insrsid3037881 APPELLANTS
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid3037881\charrsid3037881 (Original 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\super\insrsid3037881\charrsid3037881 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f277\fs24\insrsid3037881\charrsid3037881  Defendants)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid3037881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid3037881\charrsid3037881 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3037881 \trowd \irow1\irowband1\ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid3037881\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind108\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8910\clshdrawnil \cellx8910\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3037881\yts15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f277\fs24\insrsid3037881\charrsid3037881 AND\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3037881 \trowd \irow2\irowband2\ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid3037881\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind108\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8910\clshdrawnil \cellx8910\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow3\irowband3\ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid3037881\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind108\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8910\clshdrawnil\clhidemark \cellx8910\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3037881\yts15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f277\fs24\ul\insrsid3037881 KRITESH CHAND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid3037881  of Lavusa, Nadi, Unemployed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid3037881\charrsid10034183 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid3037881 \trowd \irow3\irowband3\ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid3037881\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind108\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8910\clshdrawnil\clhidemark \cellx8910\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow4\irowband4\ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid3037881\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind108\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8910\clshdrawnil \cellx8910\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3037881\yts15 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\ul\insrsid3037881 FIRST RESPONDENT
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid3037881\charrsid3037881 (Original Plaintiff)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid3037881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid3037881\charrsid3037881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\insrsid3037881\charrsid3037881 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\insrsid3037881 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\insrsid3037881\charrsid3037881 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3037881 \trowd \irow4\irowband4\ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid3037881\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind108\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8910\clshdrawnil \cellx8910\row \ltrrow}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3037881\yts15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f277\fs24\ul\insrsid3037881 SHELVIN RITNESH KUMAR}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid3037881  of Nasau, Nadi, Driver.\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3037881 
\trowd \irow5\irowband5\ltrrow\ts15\trgaph108\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid3037881\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind108\tblindtype3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8910\clshdrawnil \cellx8910\row \ltrrow}\trowd \irow6\irowband6\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid3037881\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind108\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8910\clshdrawnil\clhidemark \cellx8910\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid3037881\yts15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f277\fs24\ul\insrsid3037881 SECOND RESPONDENT
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid3037881\charrsid3037881 (Original 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\super\insrsid3037881\charrsid3037881 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f277\fs24\insrsid3037881\charrsid3037881  Defendant)\cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa160\sl259\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid3037881 \trowd \irow6\irowband6\lastrow \ltrrow
\ts15\trgaph108\trleft0\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid3037881\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind108\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl
\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8910\clshdrawnil\clhidemark \cellx8910\row }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12649994 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid12649994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid1140230 Appearances }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 \tab : Mr Roopesh Singh for appellants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f277\fs24\insrsid12649994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 \tab \tab \tab   Mr R. Chaudhary for first respondent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid8733284 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 Date of Judgment\tab : 17 August 2017}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid8733284 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8733284 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs52 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs52\ul\insrsid1454743\charrsid8733284 J U D G M E N T}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs52 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs52\ul\insrsid8733284\charrsid8733284 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12649994 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\ul\insrsid1140230 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid8733284 INTRODUCTION }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid12649994 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4422241 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [01]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid4422241 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 This is a timely appeal (after leave being granted to appeal out of time) against the Master\rquote 
s order refusing to set aside the default judgment entered against the appellants.  The learned Master (\'93the Master\'94) by his order dated 13 May 2016, struck out th
e application filed by the appellants to set aside the default judgment with the costs of $1,000.00.  The appellants are now appealing that decision.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid8733284 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12649994 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid8733284\charrsid8733284 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12649994 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid292972 BACKGROUND}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid12649994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid292972 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid292972 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [02]\tab 
In order to place the matter in proper context, it is necessary to state the factual matrix to the application in the Court below.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid292972 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [03]\tab The first respondent, the original plaintiff (\'93Mr Kritesh Chand\'94) on 27 May 2013 brought a writ action against the appellants, original first defendants (\'93
M/s Krishna Kumar Naidu and Shilva Nadan\'94) claiming among other thing damages for personal injuries he sustained in an accident.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid10428224 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2755018 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [04]\tab The appellants }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid10428224 filed an acknowledgement of service on 27}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\super\insrsid1454743  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 
June}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid10428224  2013.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743  However, they did not file a formal statement of defence but on 1 July 2013 wrote a letter.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid14372643  The first}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743  paragraph of the letter states:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f277\fs24\insrsid12649994\charrsid14372643 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-540\li540\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin540\itap0\pararsid12649994\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid12649994 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1440\ri1170\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1170\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12649994\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid14562876 \'93
In response to the summons served in regards to the above, we would like to raise the following details in defence to the claim by the Plaintiff.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid12649994 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-540\li540\ri1170\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1170\lin540\itap0\pararsid12649994\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid12649994 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3831798 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [05]\tab On 2 August 2013, the respondent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid3831798 
entered }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 an interlocutory judgment against a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid3831798 ppellants on the basis}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743  that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid3831798  no }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 statement of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid3831798 defence was filed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 and served the appellants for damages and costs to be assessed before the Master.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f277\fs24\insrsid12649994 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [06]\tab Subsequently, on 9 October 2013, the respondent filed a notice of assessment of damages and interest (\'93the assessment notice\'94
). The assessment notice was served, with the leave of the court, on the appellants by inserting an advertisement once in the Fiji Sun of 20 February 2014. The advertisement informs that the hearing the assessment notice
 will be heard on 11 March 2014. The hearing did not proceed on 11 March 2014 as notified. After a few adjournments, the hearing proceeded on 23 April 2015. The Master delivered his ruling on assessment on 10 July 2015. He assessed the damages in the sum 
of $64,412.40. This order was sealed on 21 July 2015.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid5775227 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [07]\tab 
On 2 September 2015, the respondent filed a summons seeking leave of the court to execute the judgment entered on 10 July 2015 against the appellants. This summons was served on the appellants (Krishna Kumar Naidu) personally on 2 October 2015.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid15477867 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [08]\tab 
On 2 November 2015, the appellants filed a summons in conjunction with an affidavit in support seeking orders setting aside the default judgment unconditionally. The appellants also sought unconditional leave to file their statement of defence. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid11103746 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4090236 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid75254 THE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 RULING}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid75254  OF THE COURT BELOW}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid4090236\charrsid75254 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\ul\insrsid4090236 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4090236 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [09]\tab The crux of the appellants\rquote 
 case in the Court below was that Order 19 Rule 9 of the High Court Rules 1988 (\'93HCR\'94) which confer discretion upon the court, on terms as it thinks just, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid12862231 to }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 set aside or vary any judgment entered in default of pleadings.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid4090236 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4090236 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid4090236 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [10]\tab When giving his reasons, the Master made the following findings:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid4090236 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid4090236 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1060\ri454\sb120\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin454\lin1060\itap0\pararsid5701721 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743 \tab \'93
These cases relating to default judgments are authority for the proposition that when considering whether to set aside a default judgment, the question of whether there is a defence on the merits is the dominant feature to be weighed against the applicant
\rquote s explanation both for the default and for any delay, as well as against prejudice to the other party.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid4090236 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743 \tab \'93
This is not a criminal case in which I am called upon to allow my imagination to play upon the facts and find reasonable hypothesis consistent with innocence. A balance of probability is enough. And when the greater
 probability is that the first named first defendant did not care at all for legal proceedings, why should this court hesitate to find accordingly against the first named first defendant. Thus, as to the explanation of non-appearance is unacceptable.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid5701721 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743 \tab \'93I 
reiterate that the three defences raised by the first named first defendant, i.e. the plea of contributory negligence, the plea of volenti non fit injuria and the denial of vicarious liability, have no real prospect of success. They do not carry any degre
e of conviction. Therefore, the first named first defendant is not entitled to set aside the default judgement on the issue of liability. Thus, the question of prejudice will not arise.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f277\fs24\insrsid5701721 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4090236 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid4090236 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4090236 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [11]\tab 
Based on the above findings, the Master refused to set aside the default judgment entered against the appellants in default of defence and he further ordered the appellants pay costs of $1,000.00 to the respondent in 14 days.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid4090236 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2755018 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid15545544 THE GROUNDS OF APPEAL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid2755018\charrsid15545544 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2755018 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\ul\insrsid2755018 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2755018 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [12]\tab 
On appeal before me, the appellants are grinding that the appellants need}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid12862231  not establish a defence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid12862231\charrsid12862231 
per se}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743  but a triable defence, a defence that may be vented at the trial of matter and are raising the following grounds of appeal:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f277\fs24\insrsid2755018 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14171759 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid14171759 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1454743\charrsid14171759 \hich\af277\dbch\af31506\loch\f277 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s16\qj \fi-360\li1440\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14171759\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid14171759 That the Learned Master of the High Court erred in law and in fact in finding that the 
default judgment sealed on the 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\super\insrsid1454743\charrsid14171759 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid14171759  August 2013 was regular when }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f277\insrsid1454743 in fact}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid14171759  the Statement of Defence was lodged with the registry by way of a letter dated the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f277\super\insrsid1454743\charrsid14171759 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid14171759  July 2013.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid14171759\charrsid14171759 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1440\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14171759\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid14171759\charrsid14171759 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1454743\charrsid14171759 \hich\af277\dbch\af31506\loch\f277 2.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1440\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14171759\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid14171759 
That the Learned Master of the High Court erred in law and in fact in not setting aside the default judgment entered on 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\super\insrsid1454743\charrsid14171759 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid14171759  August 2013 when the Appellant/Original 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\super\insrsid1454743\charrsid14171759 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid14171759 
 Defendant showed by way of affidavit evidence and by the letter dated the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\super\insrsid1454743\charrsid14171759 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid14171759 
 of July 2013 that there was a defence on merits which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743  disclosed an arguable or triable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid14171759  issue for trial.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid4090236\charrsid14171759 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14171759\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid14171759\charrsid14171759 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1454743\charrsid14171759 \hich\af277\dbch\af31506\loch\f277 3.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1440\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14171759\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid14171759 
That the Learned Master of the High Court erred in law and in fact holding that no Statement of Defence had been filed within time, when in fact the Learned Master of the High Court re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743 
ferred to the letter dated the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\super\insrsid1454743\charrsid1604064 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid14171759 
of July 2013.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid9659485\charrsid14171759 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14171759\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid14171759\charrsid14171759 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1454743\charrsid14171759 \hich\af277\dbch\af31506\loch\f277 4.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1440\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14171759\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid14171759 That the Lea
rned Master of the High Court erred in law and in fact in finding and holding without any evidence that the Respondent/Original Plaintiff was not liable for contributory negligence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f277\insrsid9659485\charrsid14171759 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14171759\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid14171759\charrsid14171759 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1454743\charrsid14171759 \hich\af277\dbch\af31506\loch\f277 5.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1440\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14171759\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid14171759 
The Appellant/Original Plaintiff reserves the right to include or amend the grounds of appeal appearing hereinabove on the receipt of the records of the proceedings before the learned Master of the High Court. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f277\insrsid9659485\charrsid14171759 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16003261 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid16003261 THE ISSUE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid16003261\charrsid16003261 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16003261\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\ul\insrsid16003261\charrsid16003261 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16003261 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid16003261 ]\tab The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 primary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid16003261  issue before me, as an appellate Court, is whether the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 
Master exercised his discretion in correctly when refusing the application to set aside the default judgment entered against the appellants in default of defence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid16003261 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid16003261 THE LAW APPLICABLE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid16003261\charrsid16003261 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16003261 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid16003261 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [14]\tab Order 19, rule 9 of the High Court Rules (\'93HCR\'94) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid16003261 provides as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid16003261\charrsid16003261 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3831798 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid9659485 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid6636258 \'939. The Court may, on such 
terms as it thinks just, set aside or vary any judgment entered in pursuance of this Order (Order 19 deals with default of pleadings)\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid1604064\charrsid6636258 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12862231 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid9659485 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1604064 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid11019102 THE APPLICATION OF THE LAW TO FACTS}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1604064 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid5265443 First ground}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid5646793 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid12862231\charrsid5265443 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1604064 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [15] \tab The }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid4552287 first ground of appeal is that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid1604064 Mast}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 er}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid1604064 
 erred in law and in fact in finding that the default judgment was regular when in fact the Statement of Defence was lodged with the registry by way of a letter dated 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\super\insrsid1454743  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid1604064 July 2013}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid5646793 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [16]\tab The case for the appellant on the first ground is that the respondent 
could not have entered the default judgment against the appellant in view of the letter sent by the appellant to the Registry as the letter serves as a statement of defence. In contrast, the respondent contends that the default judgment }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid8004243 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 entered regular
ly when the appellants failed to serve their statement of defence on the respondent pursuant to HCR, O. 18, r. 2, which provides:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1256567 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 \tab \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid16142114 Service of defence (O.18, r.2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f277\fs24\insrsid1604064\charrsid16142114 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16142114 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs20\cf1\insrsid1454743 {\*\bkmkstart disp0}\line }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs22\cf1\insrsid1454743\charrsid16142114 2.-(1) Subject to paragraph (2), a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f277\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid1454743\charrsid16142114 defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs22\cf1\insrsid1454743\charrsid16142114  who gives notice of intention to defend an action }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f277\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid1454743\charrsid16142114 must}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs22\cf1\insrsid1454743\charrsid16142114 , unless the Court gives leave to the contrary, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f277\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid1454743\charrsid16142114 serve a defence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs22\cf1\insrsid1454743\charrsid16142114  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid1454743\charrsid16142114 on the}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs22\cf1\insrsid1454743\charrsid16142114  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid1454743\charrsid16142114 plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f277\fs22\cf1\insrsid1454743\charrsid16142114  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid1454743\charrsid16142114 before the expiration of 14 days after}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f277\fs22\cf1\insrsid1454743\charrsid16142114  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid1454743\charrsid16142114 the time limited for acknowledging service of the writ or after the statement of claim is served on }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid1454743 him, whichever is the later.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs22\ul\cf1\insrsid10445235 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s22\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10445235 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs22\cf1\insrsid1454743\charrsid16142114 \line 
(2) If a summons under Order 14, rule 1, or under Order 86, rule 1, is served on a defendant before he serves his defence, paragraph (1) shall not have effect in relation to him unless by the order made on the summons he is given leave to defend the act
ion and, in that case, shall have effect as if it required him to serve his defence within 14 days after the making of the order or within such other period as may be specified therein.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs22\cf1\insrsid1454743 
\'94 (Emphasis provided)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs22\cf1\insrsid16142114\charrsid16142114 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1604064 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid16142114\charrsid16142114 {\*\bkmkend disp0}
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16142114 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid4422241 [17]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 The Master found the letter written by the 
appellants to the Registry when he draws up his ruling on setting aside application. Admittedly, the letter was not served on the respondent. The appellants had written the letter stating that he had received the writ}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid12074978  of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743  summons. It is clear from first paragraph of the letter where the appellants start it by saying: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid9268621 \'93In regards to the summons served in regards to the above, we would like to raise the following details in defence to the claims by the plaintiff.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f277\fs24\insrsid1256567\charrsid9268621 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1604064 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid4422241 [18]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 
Having admitted service of the writ of summons in their letter written to the Registry, the appellants in the affidavit filed in support of the setting aside application had denied service. The Master rightfully rejected the appellants' proposition that t
here was no service of the writ of summons on the appellants. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid9268621 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid4422241 [19]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 
The writ of summons was served upon the appellant on 30 May 2013. He should have filed an acknowledgement of service by 13 June 2013. O. 12, r.4 of the HCR allowed the appellant to file an 
acknowledgement within 14 days after service of the writ of summons.  He filed it on 27 June 2013, some 14 days after the expiration of the time allowed for the filing of the acknowledgement of service. The appellant had filed his acknowledgement out of t
ime. He thereby had failed to comply with O.12, r.4.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid8521851 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [20]\tab 
The appellant should have served his statement of defence by 27 June 2013, because the writ of summons was served upon him on 30 May 2013. Instead, the appellant writes a letter on 1 July 2013. The a
ppellant argues that that letter should be regarded as the statement of defence. The letter had been written after the time permitted to file the statement of defence. In order to file his statement of defence out of time, the appellant ought to have obta
ined leave of the court to do so}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid15867698 . A}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 
ccording to O.18, r.2.-(1), a defendant who gives a notice of intention to defend an action must, unless the Court gives leave to the contrary, serve a defence on the plaintiff before the expiration of 14 days after the time limited for acknowledging }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid9054136 serving of the writ or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 
 after the statement of claim is served on him, whichever is the later. The appellant, in this case, did not serve a statement of defence on the respondent within the time limited for serving a statement o
f defence as required by O. 18, r. 2.-(1).  The appellant's letter to the Registry cannot be regarded as a statement of defence for two reasons. Firstly, it was filed out of time without leave of the court. Secondly, it was never served on the responded. 
T
he learned Master correctly disregarded the letter. As there was no statement of defence served on the respondent, the respondent was entitled to enter the default judgment against the appellant. In my opinion, the Master was correct in rejecting the appe
llant's proposition that the default judgment was entered irregularly. The first ground of appeal fails.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid2767253 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid5265443 Second ground}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid5265443\charrsid5265443 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [21]\tab The second ground of appeal the appellant had raised is that the Master was incorrect in deciding the grounds of defence offered by 
the appellant for setting aside the default judgment were not sufficient under the prevalent test to have the default judgment set aside.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid5265443 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid4422241 [22]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 
The appellant contended that in order to have the default judgment set aside the appellant need not establish a defence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 per se }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 but a triable defence, a defence that may be vented at the trial of the matter.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid413138 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [23]\tab On the hand, the respondent submits that the appellants do not have a defence at all let alone substantial grounds of defence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f277\fs24\insrsid1996225 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [24]\tab The appellants in their affidavit filed in the court below in support of their application for setting aside the default judgment states:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f277\fs24\insrsid1996225 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1440\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9664665\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid9664665 \'93
That with respect to the case, the issue of liability and quantum of damages assessed I believe I have bona fife defence to the action because:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid9664665\charrsid9664665 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li1440\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9664665\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid9664665 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1454743\charrsid9664665 \hich\af277\dbch\af31506\loch\f277 i.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9664665\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid9664665 I am aware that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid9664665 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f277\super\insrsid1454743\charrsid9664665 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid9664665 
 Defendant and the Plaintiff had indulged in alcohol the previous night and into the early hours of the morning of the accident;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f277\insrsid9664665\charrsid9664665 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li2160\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9664665\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid9664665\charrsid9664665 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1454743\charrsid9664665 \hich\af277\dbch\af31506\loch\f277 ii.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9664665\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid9664665 I have been informed that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid9664665 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f277\super\insrsid1454743\charrsid9664665 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid9664665  defendant and the plaintiff we}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f277\insrsid1454743 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid9664665 e intoxicated at the time of the accident}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid9664665 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid9664665\charrsid9664665 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li2160\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9664665\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid9664665\charrsid9664665 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f277\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1454743\charrsid9664665 \hich\af277\dbch\af31506\loch\f277 iii.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9664665\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid9664665 Due to the Plaintiff and the 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f277\super\insrsid1454743\charrsid9664665 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid9664665 
 defendant indulging in  alcohol and attending parties they were late and were rushing to meet the deadline for loading of cargo at the Air Cargo Terminal;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f277\insrsid9664665\charrsid9664665 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li2160\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9664665\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid9664665\charrsid9664665 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1454743\charrsid9664665 \hich\af277\dbch\af31506\loch\f277 iv.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9664665\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid9664665 The issue of liability and vicarious liability is denied;}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid9664665\charrsid9664665 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9664665\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid9664665\charrsid9664665 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1454743\charrsid9664665 \hich\af277\dbch\af31506\loch\f277 v.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9664665\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid9664665 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid9664665 Plaintiff resumed work after 3 months from the date of the injuries}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid9664665 
, which means I do challenge the quantum of the award. It is also to note that the Plaintiff attended work one day after the accident;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid9664665\charrsid9664665 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9664665\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid9664665\charrsid9664665 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1454743\charrsid9664665 \hich\af277\dbch\af31506\loch\f277 vi.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9664665\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid9664665 
That in the premise I have a complete defence to the claim and/or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid9664665 there is contributory negligence on the part of the Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid9664665  which the Court has not taken into account and these matters must be heard and incorporated into any judgment and award that may eventually be pronounced in this Honourable court.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 (Emphasis provided)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid9664665\charrsid9664665 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2636939 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [25]\tab I have decided that the default judgment against the appellant had been entered regularly. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid9054136  If the judg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid16212731 ment is regular, then}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743  it is an almost}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid16212731  inflexible rule that there must be an affidavit stating facts showing a defence on the merits}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 .}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid9659485 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16212731 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid16212731 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [26]\tab The Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid1407701 
Wearsmart Textiles Limited v General Machinery Hire Limited and Shareen Kumar Sharma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid1407701  (1998) Fiji Court of Appeal 26, ABU 00340U of 1997}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743  said that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid12649994 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12649994 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid12649994 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\ql \fi-720\li720\ri810\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin810\lin720\itap0\pararsid12649994 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid12649994 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\tx8550\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid208318 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743 \'93The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid2636939 general principles upon which a Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid2636939 should act on an application to set aside a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid2636939 Judgement that has been regularly entered, are set out in the White Book, i.e. The Supreme}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid2636939 Court Practice 1997 (Volume 1) at p.143.  They}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid2636939 are as follows:-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid12649994\charrsid2636939 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-720\li720\ri810\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin810\lin720\itap0\pararsid12649994 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f277\fs24\insrsid12649994\charrsid16477236 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid208318 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid2636939 \'93Regular Judgement \endash  If the judgement is regular,
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid2636939 
then it is an (almost) 13/9/5 inflexible rule that there must be an affidavit stating facts showing a defence on the merits (Farden v. Richter }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\ul\insrsid1454743\charrsid2636939 (1889) 23 Q.B.D 124.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid2636939  \'93At any rate where such an application is not thus supported, it ought not to be granted except for some very sufficient reason,\'94
 per Huddleston, B., ibid. p.129, approving Hopton v Robertson [1884] W.N. 77, reprinted 23 Q.B.D. p. 126 n.; and see Richardson v. Howell (1883) 8 T.L.R. 445; and Watt v. Barnett }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f277\ul\insrsid1454743\charrsid2636939 (1878) 3 Q.B.D. 183, p.363).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid12649994\charrsid2636939 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-720\li720\ri810\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin810\lin720\itap0\pararsid12649994 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid12649994\charrsid2636939 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6453257 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid9787494 [27]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid6453257 Pankaj Bamola & Anand Priya Maharaj v Moran Ali}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 
 [1992] ABU 59/90 (18 June 1992), Fiji Court of Appeal said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid9787494\charrsid9787494 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6453257 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\ul\insrsid9787494 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6453257 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid4270379 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid6453257 Basic preconditions which have to be fulfilled by ap
plicant: i) reason why judgment was allowed to be entered by default, ii) application must be made promptly and without delay, iii) an affidavit deposing to facts that show that the defendant has a defence on the merits."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid9787494\charrsid6453257 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12649994 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f277\ul\insrsid9787494\charrsid6453257 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\ul\insrsid9787494 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2387483 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid6954730 [28]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 \tab 
Undoubtedly, pursuant to O. 19, r. 9 the court has the discretion to set aside a default judgment entered against a party in default of pleadings. This discretion is prescribed in wide terms limited only by the justice of the case. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid2387483 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [29]\tab Fatiaki, J in FNPF v Shiri Dutt (1988) 34 FLR 67 at 69 observed that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid6954730 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1061000 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1061000 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid5523822 \'93The discretion is prescribed in wide terms limited only by the justice of the case and various \lquote rules\rquote  or \lquote tests\rquote 
 have been formulated as prudent considerations in the determination of the justice of t
he case, none have been or can be elevated to the status to the rule of law or condition precedent to the exercise of the courts unfettered discretion. These judicially recognised \lquote tests\rquote 
 may be conveniently listed as follows: (a) Whether the defendant has
 a substantial ground of defence to the action; (b) Whether the defendant has a satisfactory explanation for his failure to enter an appearance to the Writ; and (c) Whether the plaintiff will suffer irreparable harm if the judgment is set aside. In this l
atter regard in my view it is proper for the court to consider any delay on the defendant\rquote 
s part in seeking to set aside the default judgment and how far the plaintiff has gone in the execution of its summary judgment and whether or not the same has been stayed.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1061000\charrsid5523822 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2387483 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f277\ul\insrsid6954730\charrsid5523822 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15800636 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid13981239 [30]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 \tab 
I apply the above principles to the present case. The appellant in his affidavit, filed in the court below in support of his application to set aside the default judgment, states some facts showing his defence to the respondent\rquote s claim. 
Denying liability including vicarious liability for the injury sustained in the accident, the appellant states that the respondent volunteered to travel in a vehicle drive}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1000534 
n by the second defendant who was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743  drunk at the time of driving the vehicle. The respondent himself was drunk when travelling with the second defendant. The appellant\rquote 
s affidavit shows that \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid15800636 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\super\insrsid1454743\charrsid15800636 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid15800636  defendant and the plaintiff were intoxicated at the time of the accident; Due to the Plaintiff and the 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\super\insrsid1454743\charrsid15800636 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid15800636  defendant indulging in  alcohol and attending parties they were late and were rushing to meet the deadline for loading of cargo at the Air Cargo Terminal.\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid2914987\charrsid15800636 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15800636 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid2914987 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13788353 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid13788353 [31]\tab 
The facts deposed in the appellant\rquote s affidavit raise defences such as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 vole}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid13788353 nti non fit }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 injuria}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid13788353  and contributory negligence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid13788353  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid15800636 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3627341 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [32]\tab The master decided }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid3627341 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid3627341 
the three defences raised by the first named first defendant, i.e. the plea of contributory negligence, the plea of volenti non fit injuria and the denial of vicarious liability, have no real prospect of success. They do not carry 
any degree of conviction. Therefore, the first named first defendant is not entitle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\insrsid1454743 d to set aside the default judg}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid3627341 
ment on the issue of liability. Thus, the questi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\insrsid1454743 on of prejudice will not arise.\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid2914987\charrsid3627341 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12649994 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\ul\insrsid3627341 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3627341 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid3627341 [33]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743  The fact that the second defendant was not charged wit
h drunk driving does not preclude the appellant from establishing in a civil proceeding that the second defendant was driving the vehicle which the respondent travelled in after consuming alcohol. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f277\fs24\insrsid3627341 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [34]\tab Hon. Justice Gates (as he then was) in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid15411105 Wasal Khan & 2 Ors v Eparama Turaga & Anor}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743  [2005] HBC344/98L (25 February 2005) held that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid3627341 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid15411105 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid9847867 \'93
The discretion is unfettered but must be based on relevant grounds, to avoid injustice. Where defendant counsel deposed that deposed other issues could be resolved without ne
ed to file a defence, there is defence of merits carrying conviction, which has reasonable prospect of success, there are issues related to ownership, transfer and third party and no irreparable harm to the plaintiffs to let defendants back into litigatio
n, judgment is set aside, and defence to be filed and served within 7 days.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid15411105\charrsid9847867 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12649994 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f277\ul\insrsid3627341\charrsid9847867 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1720268 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid9847867 [35]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 \tab In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid16191723 Wearsmart Textiles Limited v General Machinery Hire Limited and Shareen Kumar Sharma}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743  (1998) FCA 26, ABU 0030u of 1997) Fiji Court of Appeal, citing with approval Evans v Bartlam [1937] A.C. at p. 480 HL (per Lord Atkin) stated:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f277\fs24\insrsid1720268 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1720268 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid16191723 \'93The principle obviously is that unless and until the Court has pronounced judgment upon merits or by 
consent, it is to have the power to revoke the expression of its coercive power that has been obtained by failure to follow any of the rules of procedure.\'94\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid3627341\charrsid16191723 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12649994 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f277\ul\insrsid3627341\charrsid16191723 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\ul\insrsid16191723 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4787380 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid16191723 [36]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 Returning to the matter at hand, the impugned judgment was obtained by failure to follow the High Court Rules in that the appellant failed to serve a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid16191723 defence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\cf1\insrsid1454743\charrsid16191723 
on the respondent (plaintiff) before the expiration of 14 days after the time limited for acknowledging service of the writ on him}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\cf1\insrsid1454743 . Pursuant to rule 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\cf1\insrsid2915666 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\cf1\insrsid1454743 
 the Master had unfettered discretion to set the default judgment aside. In my opinion, the affidavit filed before the Master by the appellant i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\cf1\insrsid2915666 n support of the application to}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\cf1\insrsid1454743  set aside states facts showing reasonable defence to the respondent\rquote s claim such
 as volenti non fit injuria and contributory negligence on the part of the respondent, which has, if proved at the trial, real prospect of success. The supporting affidavit also states facts showing that the respondent\rquote 
s injury was pre-existing. This fact,
 if proved at the trial, would have real impact on the assessment of damage even if liability were established. There was a defence of merits carrying conviction, which has a reasonable prospect of success. In the circumstances, the Master had failed to e
x
ercise his discretion judicially and fairly and was incorrect in not setting aside the default judgment entered against the appellant in default of pleading. I am of opinion that the Master should have set aside the default judgment unconditionally. I wou
ld, therefore, set aside the Master\rquote s decision refusing to set aside the default judgment. On appeal, I set aside the default judgment unconditionally, and defence to be filed within 14 days.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f277\fs24\cf1\insrsid16191723 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\cf1\insrsid12869648 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\cf1\insrsid1454743 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\cf1\insrsid2493175 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2493175 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\cf1\insrsid1454743\charrsid14100255 Delay}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid12869648\charrsid14100255 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12649994 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\insrsid16191723 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s17\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2753126 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid14100255 [37]\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 The respondent entered and sealed default judgment 
on 2 August 2013. Following service of notice of assessment of damages, Assessment of damages was done on 23 April 2015. The Master delivered his ruling on assessment of damages on 10 July 2015, and the ruling was sealed on 21 July 2015.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid12599294  On 2 November 2015, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 he appellant issued summons to set aside the default judgment unconditionally.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid14100255 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid2753126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [38]\tab The Fiji Court of Appeal, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid13699887 Woodstock Homes (Fiji) Ltd v Sashi Kant}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid13699887 Rajesh }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 
[2008] ABU 81/06 (apf HBC 394/99L (18 April 2008), said:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid2753126 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid13699887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\insrsid1454743\charrsid9767627 \'93Notwithstanding proposed defence
 had merit, Judge was entitled to refuse application to set aside because of unexplained delay, but failed to consider whether the delay for which the appellant was responsible resulted in prejudice which respondent suffered. Appeal allowed.\'94}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\insrsid13699887\charrsid9767627 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9767627 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\insrsid5776546 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid817673 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [39]\tab The Mas
ter did not consider prejudice that would be caused to the respondent, for he had decided that the proposed defence has no real prospect of success. He held that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid6706569 
the question of prejudice will not arise}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid1454743 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f277\insrsid817673 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5985533 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [40]\tab 
The Master was not only incorrect in deciding that the defence has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid6292929  no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 
 real prospect of success but also in deciding that the question of prejudice will not arise.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid817673 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [41]\tab What is important in a setting aside application is to exercise the discretion based relevant grounds to avoid injustice. There is a 
defence of merits with a real prospect of success. I find that there no irreparable harm to let appellant back into litigation.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid817673 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8004310 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 CONCLUSION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f277\fs24\insrsid8790166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5985533 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 [42]\tab 
For these reasons, I hold that the Master was in correct in refusing to set aside the default judgment entered against the appellant on 2 August 2013. Accordingly,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid11669593  I}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743  set aside the Master\rquote s ruling dated 13 May 2016 that struck out the appellant\rquote 
s application to set aside the default judgment. I grant unconditional leave to the appellant to file and serve defence within 14 days. I would make no order as to costs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid8790166 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8785209 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid8785209 Final Outcome}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\insrsid8785209 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1454743\charrsid2834853 \hich\af277\dbch\af31506\loch\f277 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li1440\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2834853\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid2834853 Master\rquote s order set aside.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid8785209\charrsid2834853 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1454743\charrsid2834853 \hich\af277\dbch\af31506\loch\f277 2.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid2834853 Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743  is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid2834853 
 granted unconditional leave to file and serve defence within 14 days.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid2834853\charrsid2834853 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1454743\charrsid2834853 \hich\af277\dbch\af31506\loch\f277 3.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid2834853 No order as to costs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid2834853 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1440\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2493175\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid2493175 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2834853 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid3037881 DATED THIS 17 DAY OF AUGUST 2017 AT LAUTOKA.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid2834853 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid2493175 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2493175 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid2493175 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85..}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid2834853\charrsid2493175 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid2493175 M. H. Mohamed Ajmeer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\insrsid2834853\charrsid2493175 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\ul\insrsid1454743\charrsid2493175 JUDGE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\ul\insrsid2834853 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\ul\insrsid2493175 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f277\fs24\ul\insrsid2493175\charrsid2493175 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2834853 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\ul\insrsid1454743\charrsid2834853 Solicitors:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\ul\insrsid2834853 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743\charrsid2834853 For appellants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 : M/s Patel & Sharma, Barristers & Solicitors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f277\fs24\insrsid2834853 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid1454743 For respondent: M/s Chaudhary & Associates, Solicitors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f277\fs24\insrsid3242972\charrsid2834853 
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