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{\fdbmajor\f31526\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhimajor\f31528\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Cambria CE;}{\fhimajor\f31529\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Cambria Cyr;}
{\fhimajor\f31531\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Cambria Greek;}{\fhimajor\f31532\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Cambria Tur;}{\fhimajor\f31535\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Cambria Baltic;}
{\fhimajor\f31536\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Cambria (Vietnamese);}{\fbimajor\f31538\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbimajor\f31539\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fbimajor\f31541\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbimajor\f31542\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbimajor\f31543\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fbimajor\f31544\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbimajor\f31545\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbimajor\f31546\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}
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{\flominor\f31552\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\flominor\f31553\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\flominor\f31554\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}
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{\fdbminor\f31559\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}{\fdbminor\f31561\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fdbminor\f31562\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}
{\fdbminor\f31563\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}{\fdbminor\f31564\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fdbminor\f31565\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}
{\fdbminor\f31566\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}{\fhiminor\f31568\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE;}{\fhiminor\f31569\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr;}
{\fhiminor\f31571\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek;}{\fhiminor\f31572\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur;}{\fhiminor\f31575\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic;}
{\fhiminor\f31576\fbidi \fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Calibri (Vietnamese);}{\fbiminor\f31578\fbidi \froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE;}{\fbiminor\f31579\fbidi \froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr;}
{\fbiminor\f31581\fbidi \froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek;}{\fbiminor\f31582\fbidi \froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur;}{\fbiminor\f31583\fbidi \froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew);}
{\fbiminor\f31584\fbidi \froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic);}{\fbiminor\f31585\fbidi \froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic;}{\fbiminor\f31586\fbidi \froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese);}}
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\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16401487 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\insrsid16401487\charrsid3686092 IN THE }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\insrsid12220557\charrsid3686092 HIGH COURT OF FIJI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\insrsid7497022\charrsid3686092 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3686092 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\insrsid3686092 AT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\insrsid16401487\charrsid3686092 LAUTOKA

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16401487 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs16\insrsid16401487\charrsid3686092 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs16\insrsid3686092\charrsid3686092 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\insrsid16401487\charrsid3686092 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\insrsid12220557\charrsid3686092 IVIL CASE NO: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\insrsid16401487\charrsid3686092 HBC 254 of 2016
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs16\insrsid12220557\charrsid3686092 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs16\insrsid3686092\charrsid3686092 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\insrsid12220557\charrsid3686092 BETWEEN:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs16\insrsid16401487\charrsid3686092 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs16\insrsid3686092\charrsid3686092 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\insrsid16401487\charrsid3686092 PRANIL ASHWIN NAIDU
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs16\insrsid16401487\charrsid3686092 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs16\insrsid3686092\charrsid3686092 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\insrsid12220557\charrsid3686092 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\insrsid16401487\charrsid3686092 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs16\insrsid16401487\charrsid3686092 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs16\insrsid3686092\charrsid3686092 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\insrsid16401487\charrsid3686092 RAM DEVI}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\insrsid16401487 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\insrsid3686092\charrsid3686092 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs16\insrsid3686092\charrsid3686092 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3686092 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid12592286 Counsel:   M/S Vijay Naidu 
& Associates for the Plaintiffs
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3686092 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid3686092        }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid12592286 Kohli & Singh for the Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid3686092 
\par        }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid12592286 In House Counsel \endash  Fiji National Provident Fund
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16401487 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs16\insrsid16401487\charrsid3686092 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs16\insrsid16401487 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs16\insrsid3686092\charrsid3686092 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16401487 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs44 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs44\insrsid16401487\charrsid3686092 R U L I N G
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs2\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid5008169 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16401487 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\ul\insrsid16401487 INTRODUCTION
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs6\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid4283860 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li630\ri0\sa200\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 There is a tussle before me between the children of a deceased member of the Fiji National Provident Fund on the one hand, and their \'93estranged\'94 mother on the other hand. The issue between them is whether 
the mother, Ram Devi, should have a share in the funds standing in the FNPF account of their deceased father/\'94husband\'94.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 2.\tab}The application before me is filed by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid7895781 Pranil Ashwin Naidu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid14426669 \'93Pranil\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 ). He is one of the four surviving issues of Paras Ram Naidu (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid14426669 \'93Naidu\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 ) who was the deceased FNPF member in question}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid15087960  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 and Ram Devi. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 3.\tab}Pranil seeks }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid7895781 
the following Orders:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-447\li1440\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487\charrsid7896396 (1)\tab 
That the balance of the FNPF pension conversion amount standing to the credit of the deceased member namely Paras Ram Naidu, which has been paid to the High Court of Fiji due to an invalid nomination be released to the Plaintiffs.
\par (2)\tab That there be stay of any distribution of the deceased member\rquote s savings until the determination of this matter.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li273\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin273\itap0\pararsid3686092 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487\charrsid3686092 (3)\tab Any other Orders this Honourable Court deems just.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid12592286\charrsid3686092 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3686092 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid12592286 BACKGROUND}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\ul\insrsid16401487 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs16 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16\insrsid3686092\charrsid3686092 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3686092\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs14\insrsid16401487\charrsid13377408 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 4.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li630\ri0\sa200\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 Naidu died on 12 January 2015 without leaving a valid nominee. 
As I have said, he was a member of the Fiji National Provident Fund (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid3300895 \'93FNPF\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 )
 superannuation scheme. At the time of his death, the credit balance standing in Naidu\rquote s FNPF Account was $28,000-00.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 5.\tab}Naidu }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid12610138 
was married to Ram Devi. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 They}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid12610138  had four children together}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487  namely }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid12610138 
Yogendran Naidu (now aged 39 years), Kalpana Wati Naidu (now aged 37 years), the Applicant, Pranil Ashwin Naidu (aged 35 years) and Devika Sita Naidu (aged 34 years). The four children all survive Paras Ram.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 6.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 
It is not disputed that Ram Devi left Paras Ram more than twenty years ago to live in an adulterous }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid7896396 de}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid7896396 facto }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 relationship with another man. 
I gather that she has cohabited with the other man continuously to this day, without interruption. That cohabitation started immediately after she left Naidu.  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 7.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li630\ri0\sa200\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid12220557\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 Both counsel accept that, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid16395915 by operation of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 Schedule 4 paragraph 5(1)(c) of the Fiji National Provident Fund Decree 2011}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid16395915 , where a member of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid16395915 Fiji National Provident Fund}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid16395915 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid16395915 has died without any nomination or without a valid nomination, all monies standing in the account of the deceased member }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid16395915 must be paid to the High Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\ul\insrsid16401487  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid16395915 for disposal in accordance with the law for the time being in force}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 , which, at this time, is section 6 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid16395915 of the }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/spaaa376/" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs20\f39\fs24\ul\cf17\insrsid16401487\charrsid16395915 Succession}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid16395915  }
{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/consol_act/spaaa376/" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs20\f39\fs24\ul\cf17\insrsid16401487\charrsid16395915 
Probate and Administration Act}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid16395915  (see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f39\fs24\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid16395915 In re Narendra Prasad}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid16395915  FNPF (57/1982);}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid16395915 In M. v. Attorney-General }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid12220557 (1985)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid12220557 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid12610138 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 8.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-283\li709\ri0\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid12610138 The question has again arisen before me as to whether a 
\'93spouse\'94 who had abandoned her husband and children to live in adultery or in a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 de-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid10113746 facto}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid12610138  relationship with another man (even though she remained lawfully married to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid12592286 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li709\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid12592286\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid12610138 
the husband until the death of the latter) abrogates her right of inheritance in the husband\rquote s estate under our intestacy laws.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li709\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs8\insrsid16401487\charrsid10113746 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12592286 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\ul\insrsid16401487 THE AFFIDAVITS
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs6\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid10113746 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 9.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li630\ri0\sa200\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 In paragraphs 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 of an affidavit sworn by Pranil Ashwin Naidu on 29 November 2016, he deposes as follows:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-447\li1440\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487\charrsid7896396 7.\tab 
That Paras made numerous pleas to Devi to return home during the first few weeks she had left.  
Paras even took all four children and begged her to return home.  She refused.  As a result of this trauma Paras not long after went into depression.  He stopped all communication with Devi and her family.  In fact Devi\rquote s mother\rquote 
s house was just next door however, he never communicated with them.  He did not want to have anything to do with Devi and her family.
\par 8.\tab That Devi also made no attempts whatsoever to have any communications in any form or kind after she left.  She in fact abandoned me and my 3 siblings and took no responsibility in our welfare.
\par 9.\tab That after she left she made no communications with us to see if all our needs were met, whether we were safe or not and continuously failed and/or neglected her role as our mother.  Her detachment from ou
r family extended to such an extent that she did not even attend wedding ceremonies of the other plaintiffs. 
\par 10.\tab That the marriage between Paras and Devi had broken down irretrievably.  Paras was
 suffering from depression and therefore was unable to file dissolution of marriage proceedings.  He did not want to even see her or have any communication with her.  Although Paras and Devi never filed application for dissolution of marriage,
 I believe that she should not be entitled to any shares and interests in the FNPF benefits of the deceased as she had left Paras for another man and had been separated from Paras for about twenty one (21 ) years or so. 
\par 11.\tab That I am the only person who remained with Paras and looked after him and cared for him till his last breath.  All the other Plaintiffs were living in overseas thus, could not be there in person for him but they all provided financial assistance
 when they could and also visited him whenever it was possible for them.  Three to four years prior to his demise Paras was rushed to hospital (Colonial War Memorial Hospital) for medical emergencies.  I solely took care of Paras.
\par 12.\tab That the other Plaintiff have through their respective letters of authorities given me permission to represent them in this matter.  Annexed hereto and marked as \'93E\'94
 is copies of all these letters.  Further the Plaintiffs have also executed their respective Deed of Renunciation in my favour.  Annexed hereto and marked as \'93F\'94 is copies of all the Deed of Renunciation by the other Plaintiffs.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li993\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf6\insrsid16401487\charrsid14105415 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 10.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li630\ri0\sa200\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 Ram Devi replies to the above allegations as follows in paragraphs
 12, 13, 14, 15,  16, 17, 18, 19 and 20.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-447\li1440\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487\charrsid5008169 15.\tab 
That in reply to paragraph 10 of the said affidavit I say that the deceased did had sound mental capacity.
\par 16.\tab That I am advised and do verily believe that due to my marriage with the deceased I am entitled to my shares and interests in the FNPF.\tab 
\par 17.\tab That I with respect to Paragraph 11 of the said affidavit I say that the contents are not relevant for consideration for payment of FNPF benefits.
\par 18.\tab That I do not agree with Paragraph 12 of the said affidavit and say that the entitlements of the children to the FNPF proceeds can be paid to the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \super\insrsid16401487\charrsid5008169 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487\charrsid5008169  named Plaintiff.
\par 19.\tab That with respect to Paragraphs 13 of the said affidavits I say that I should be paid my share according to the laws of Fiji.
\par 20.\tab That despite our separation, the Deceased used to talk to me from time to time and I believ
e that he purposely did not file for Divorce.  The Deceased knew that because of our relationship, I would be entitled to my share in the FNPF proceeds.  He also used the FNPF money to educate the children.  He also used to meet me from time to time when 
I visited my mother.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs14\insrsid16401487 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\ul\insrsid16401487 THE LAW}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid992930 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li720\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs14\insrsid16401487\charrsid1199617 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 11.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li630\ri0\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 Schedule 4 Paragraph 5(1)(c) of the Fiji National Provident Fund
 Decree 2011 states:
\par \ltrrow}\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts17\trgaph108\trleft851\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 
\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7817852\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind959\tblindtype3 \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr
\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8283\clshdrawnil \cellx9134\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7817852\yts17 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid4417828 What happens if the annuitant dies?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid4417828 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid7817852\yts17 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid4417828 
5. - (1)If the annuitant dies within 5 years after the date of purchase of the annuity\emdash 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs4\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid4417828 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid4417828 (a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487 \'85..}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid4417828  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs2\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid4417828 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid4417828 (b) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487 \'85..}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid4417828 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs2\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid4417828 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid4417828 
(c) if there is no relevant nomination current at the annuitant's death - the Board must pay the amount of the payments for the rest of the 5 years, commuted in accordance with this Schedule, into the High Court }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\ul\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid4417828 for disposition according to law.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs2\ul\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid4417828 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 \cell }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\intbl\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ltrrow\ts17\trgaph108\trleft851\trbrdrt\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrl\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrb\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrr
\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrh\brdrs\brdrw10 \trbrdrv\brdrs\brdrw10 \trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid7817852\tbllkhdrrows\tbllkhdrcols\tbllknocolband\tblind959\tblindtype3 \clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrnone \clbrdrl\brdrnone \clbrdrb\brdrnone \clbrdrr\brdrnone \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth8283\clshdrawnil \cellx9134\row {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 
\hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 12.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li630\ri0\sa200\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 
The above provision is similar in wording to section 35(1) of the old Fiji National Provident Fund Act which provides as follows:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qc \li993\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid5833229 Procedure where there is no nominee or a minor nominee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid5833229 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li993\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs8\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid5833229 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li993\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid5833229 35.\emdash 
(1) If, at the time of the death of a member of the Fund, there is no person nominated under section 34 the Board, on being notified of the death of the member, shall pay into Court the amount standing to the credit of the member in the Fund for }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid5833229 disposal in accordance with the law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid5833229 .
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\sb100\sa100\sbauto1\saauto1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs30\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid1724388 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 13.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li630\ri0\sa200\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 As I have said above, in Fiji, the phrase \'93
disposal in accordance with the law\'94 in section 35(1) has been interpreted to mean that distribution will have to be done in accordance with the laws of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid6967116 
intestacy under the Succession}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487  Probate And Administration Act (Cap 60).
 Given the similarity in the wording of the two provisions, there is no reason why the interpretation given to the old section 35(1) should not be applied to the new}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid346213  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 Schedule 4 Paragraph 5(1)(c). 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 14.\tab}Accordingly, I interpret the words \'93for disposition according to law\'94
 in Schedule 4 Paragraph 5(1)(c)  to mean disposition in accordance with section 6 of the }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/num_act/spaaa2004456/" }}{\fldrslt {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436 Succession, Probate and Administration (Amendment) Act}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 15.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li630\ri0\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436 Section 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 (1)(c) and (d)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436  of the }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/num_act/spaaa2004456/" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436 Succession, Probate and Administration Act}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f39\fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436  provides:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li993\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid16401487 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436 6.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436 -(1) Subject to the provisions of }
{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/num_act/spaaa2004456/index.html" \\l "p2" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf17\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436 Part II}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\*\bkmkstart fnB3}{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/sinodisp/fj/cases/FJHC/2010/333.html?stem=&synonyms=&query=veimosoi" \\l "fn3" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf17\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436 [3]}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436 {\*\bkmkend fnB3}, the administrator on intestacy ..... shall hold the property as to which a person dies intestate ...... on trust to distribute the same as follows:
\par (a)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85
\'85\'85..}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436 
\par (b) .......................
\par (c) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436 if the intestate leaves issue, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436 surviving}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436  wife}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436  or husband }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436 shall,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436 take the prescribed amount 
and the personal chattels and one third only of the residuary estate absolutely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436 
, and the issue shall take per stripes and not per capita the remaining two-thirds of the residuary estate absolutely;
\par (d) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436 if the intestate leaves issue, but no wife or husband, the issue of the intestate shall take }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af31506 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436 per stirpes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436  and not }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\ai\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436 per capita}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \ul\cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436 
 the whole estate of the intestate absolutely}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436 ; (my emphasis)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436 
\par (e) .......................
\par (f) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436 
\par (g) .......................
\par (h) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85..}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16401487 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs34\cf1\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid15867533 \hich\af39\dbch\af0\loch\f39 16.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li630\ri0\sa200\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid15867533 If Pranil\rquote s argument prevails, then section 6(1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487 )}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid15867533 (c) will apply. If Ram Devi\rquote s argument prevails, then section 6(1)(d) will apply.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid5994084 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16401487 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\ul\insrsid16401487 DISCUSSION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid5994084 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 17.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li630\ri0\sa200\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 The starting point, in my view, is that a woman who is legally married to an intestate at the time of his death is, for all intents and purposes, the \'93surviving wife\'94 and, therefore, 
is entitled to distribution of his estate in terms of section 6.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 18.\tab}The onus is on anyone who claims that she is not entitled to distribution to prove so.  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid16197833 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 19.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid16197833 The adulterous conduct of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid16197833  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 spouse,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid16197833  is not the issue and may}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid16197833  or may not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid16197833 
 be relevant in any given case. This Court does not pontificate on matters of a moral dimension. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid15867533 \hich\af39\dbch\af0\loch\f39 20.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid15867533 The issue }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid15867533  whether or not Ram Devi is a \'93surviving wife\'94 in terms of section 6(1)(c).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid7802852 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af0\loch\f39 21.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487 Strouds Judicial Dictionary (Volume 5) defines \'93survive\'94 as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid1451834 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li993\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 \'93Survive\'94
 imports that the person who is to survive must be living at the death of the person whom, or at the happening of the event which, he is to survive (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid1451834 Gee v Liddell}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487  L.R. 2 Eq. 341).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li993\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs10\insrsid16401487\charrsid5374766 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af0\loch\f39 22.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li630\ri0\sa200\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487 
The next question to ask is whether or not a deserting and adulterous wife is a \'93wife\'94 within section 6(1)(c) of the Succession Probate and Administration Act.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid16719380 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af0\loch\f39 23.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487 Some jurisdictions have specifically legislated to disentitle a deserting and adulterous wife from any share in the intestate deceased husband\rquote s estate.  Fiji\rquote s Act 
has no such provision, nor does it attempt to define the word \'93wife\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid11560653 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af0\loch\f39 24.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487 As a starting point, one can safely say that under the intestacy provisions of section 6, a legally divorced woman can claim no share in the estate of the deceased former spouse.
 In this regard, the thing that operates to disentitle her is the legal divorce which effectively severs their relationship and, with that, any entitlement she may have over his estate.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid6037016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 25.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 The qu
estion I ask is whether or not a woman who had deserted her husband and children to live continuously in adultery with another man, and who was in fact still living with that other man at the time of the death of her husband}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid6047392 , and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487  who, since deserting the husband, has 
had nothing whatsoever to do with the rearing or upbringing of her children, and who has refused to return to her husband, had, for all intents and purposes, effectively severed her spousal relationship with her husband.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\cf6\insrsid16401487\charrsid816380 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 26.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 
If the answer to the above question is \'93yes\'94, is the woman then entitled still to be called a \'93surviving wife\'94 in the sense contemplated by section 6 of the Succession Probate And
 Administration Act so as to entitle her to a share of her husband\rquote s estate under Fiji\rquote s intestacy laws?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\cf6\insrsid16401487\charrsid7340170 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 27.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 T
o the ordinary person on the street, the thought that such a woman should be entitled to share in the late husband\rquote s estate may be morally repulsive.  The thought would be even more repugnant when one considers that she would stand to inherit 
a sizeable share under the section 6(1)(c) scheme. Furthermore, the thought that she may, yet, then bequeath her inheritance to her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\i\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid13327350 de facto }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 partner and/or children with the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\i\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid13327350 de-facto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487  partner, would be totally abhorrent. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\cf6\insrsid16401487\charrsid5046521 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 28.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 All of t
hese are irrelevant considerations.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\cf6\insrsid16401487\charrsid9199591 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 29.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 Rather, the first 
question I should address is whether or not the relationship of the woman with her husband is relevant in the scheme of things?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\cf6\insrsid16401487\charrsid9984967 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 30.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 
The law recognises the sanctity of marriage in many contexts. 
The Criminal Division of the High Court of Fiji, in many instances, has expressed sentiments recognising the sanctity of the marriage and how the husband may offend that by acts of domestic violence or marital rape.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid6047392 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 31.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid6047392 Mr}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487  Justice Aruna Aluthge in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid9577198  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f39\fs24\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid9577198 State v Salayavi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid9577198  [2017] FJHC 198; HAC203.2016 (17 March 2017)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487  said:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li993\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 
[12]. This sentence is passed not only to denounce your offending and punish you. But also to send a clear message to the society that marital rape, the worst form }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487\charrsid16477947 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16401487 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 
domestic violence is no longer tolerated in Fiji. When sexual intimacy is egoistically used to despoil marital union in order to advance a felonious urge for coitus by force, violence or intimidation, the court will step into protect }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16401487 sanctity of marriage\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 , vindicate justice and protect our laws and State policies.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 32.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li630\ri0\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f39\fs24\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid8076651 State v Pe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid8076651  [2005] FJHC 5; HAC0024D.1004S (11 January 2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 
, Madam Justice Shameem held that a woman in a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid941086 de facto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487  relationship was a competent and 
compellable witness against her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid941086 de facto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487  husband. In that case, Shameem J also reviewed some case
 authorities on the position that the non-compellability of a legally married spouse was based on the sanctity of marriage.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid8076651 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 33.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li630\ri0\sa200\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 Michael C. Howard}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16401487\charrsid15490349  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\b\f39\fs24\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid15490349 Contemporary Cultural Anthropology (5th Edition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs21\b\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid15490349 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs21\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487  defines marriage as \'93a socially sanctioned sexual and economic union between men and women\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\cf6\insrsid16401487\charrsid8680472 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 34.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 
If, as one might imagine, the so-called \'93economic union\'94 in the institution of marriage entails the duty of one spouse to maintain the other, then in some old English cases, that economic union is said to be broken by an act of adultery of the woman
, even where the parties remained legally married.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\cf6\insrsid16401487\charrsid816380 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 35.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\b\f39\fs24\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid12006746 Wilson v Glossop}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 
 20 QBD 354, the question arose in England as to whether or not a husband was legally bound to maintain a deserting and adulterous wife under section 4 of the Vagrancy Act 1824. Lord Esher MR said at 356:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li993\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\insrsid16401487 
When a man marries he is bound to keep and maintain his wife, unless she has committed adultery, and further, he is bound in honour to protect her from infamy.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li993\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\fs12\insrsid16401487\charrsid7539672 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid11217240 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 36.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li630\ri0\sa200\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid11217240 Lopes LJ said as follows:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li993\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\insrsid16401487\charrsid11217240 
During cohabitation, there is a presumption , though a rebuttable one, arising from the circumstances of cohabitation, that the wife is, in certain cases, the agent of her husband and entitled to pledge his credit.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\insrsid16401487 
 But when the wife is living apart from her husband at the time of making the contract the presumption is the other way, and it lies on the creditor to shew that the wife is living apart from her husband under such circumstances as give }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\insrsid6047392 her an}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\insrsid16401487  implied authority to bind him.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\insrsid16401487\charrsid11217240 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li993\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\fs12\cf6\insrsid16401487 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 37.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li630\ri0\sa200\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 From my reading of the judgement, there is nothing in it
 to suggest that the judges were relying on a provision in the Vagrancy Act of 1924 which precluded the husband from liability in the case of a deserting and adulterous wife. Rather, they were simply following a line of reasoning which
 acknowledged that the conduct of a spouse which is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid3624692 of\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid3624692 
a nature repugnant to and defiant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid3624692 of\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid3624692 the obligations which are inherent in the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid3624692 sanctity of marriage, may disentitle the offending spouse from any benefit that would normally accrue out of a spousal relationship.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid3624692 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid4670956 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 38.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li630\ri0\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid4670956 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\b\f39\fs24\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid4670956 Eastland v Burchell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid4670956  3 QBD 432, Lush J said:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li993\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\insrsid16401487\charrsid4670956 
The authority of a wife to pledge the credit of her husband is a delegated, not an inherent, authority. If she bind him, she binds him only as his agent. \'85
.If she leaves him without cause and without consent, she carries no implied authority with her to maintain herself at his expense. But if he wrongfully compels her to leave his home, he is bound to maintain her elsewhere.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\insrsid16401487 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\insrsid16401487\charrsid4670956 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 39.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li630\ri0\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 In Fiji, sections 155 and 157 of the Family Law Act
 are interesting in this regard. Section 155 provides that a spouse is liable to maintain the other party if and only if the other party is unable to support herself or himself}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\f39\fs24\super\insrsid16401487 
\chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16401487 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\super\insrsid16401487 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487  Section 155 provides:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qc \li993\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs18\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid15271631 Right of spouse to maintenance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 
\ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid15271631 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li993\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid15271631 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs18\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid15271631 155. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid15271631 
A party to a marriage is liable to maintain the other party, to the extent that the first-mentioned party if reasonably able to do so, if, and only if, that other party is unable to support herself or himself adequately, whether-
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs2\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid15271631 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li993\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs18\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid15271631 (a) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid15271631 
by reason of having the care and control of a child of the marriage who has not attained the age of 18 years;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li993\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs2\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid15271631 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li993\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs18\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid15271631 (b)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid15271631 
 by reason of age or physical or mental incapacity for appropriate gainful employment; or
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li993\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs2\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid15271631 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs18\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid15271631 (c)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs18\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid15271631  for any other adequate reason,
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs2\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid15271631 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid15271631 having regard to any relevant matter referred to in section 157.
\par }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid14960534 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid14250618 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 40.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid14250618 Section 157 sets out the factors which a Court must consider in deciding whether or not to order a spouse to pay maintenance for the other. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid14250618 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 41.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li630\ri0\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid6047392\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid14250618 Notably, included
 amongst the factors to be considered is whether or not the spouse to be maintained is cohabiting with another person and also the financial circumstances of that cohabitation (see section 157(l)).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid6047392 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qc \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid5971349 Matters to be taken into consideration in relation to spousal maintenance}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid5971349 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs6\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid5971349 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid5971349 157. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid5971349 
In exercising jurisdiction under section 155, the court may take into account only the following matters-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs4\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid15433656 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs6\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid5971349 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li993\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid5971349  (l) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid5971349 
if either party is cohabitating with another person - the financial circumstances relating to the cohabitation;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li720\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs12\cf6\insrsid16401487\charrsid14897149 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid2646240 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 42.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li630\ri0\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid2646240 Fiona Burns in her article }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid2646240 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid2646240 The Changing Patterns of Total Intestacy Distribution between Spouses and Children in Australia and England}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid2646240 " [2013] UNSWLawJl 18; (2013) 36(2) University of New South Wales Law Journal 470}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 
 observed that intestacy laws in England had shifted over the years through reforms from one that was initially preoccupied with the financial well being of male descendants to one that focuses on the surviving spouse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs24\f39\fs24\super\insrsid16401487 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s22\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16401487 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs24\fs18\super\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 
 Professor Burns wrote:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \li284\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 By the end of the 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs18\super\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 th}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339  century, the \lquote vertical tendency\rquote  of English intestacy law in which the major preoccupation was the financial 
wellbeing of the descendants of the intestate no longer served society and the reform of intestate succession became increasingly necessary. In addition to concerns about the status and rights of women, there were other reasons. First, the old pattern of 
intestate succession was no longer relevant to the upper and middle classes who implemented complex trust and marriage settlements.}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UNSWLawJl/2013/18.html" \\l "fn41" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs20\i\fs18\ul\cf17\super\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 [41]}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 
 Second, economic change meant that the rules did not address the economic circumstances of typical intestates. England had industrialised and there was a large urbanised population who did not own or work on land.}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487  HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UNSWLawJl/2013/18.html" \\l "fn42" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs20\i\fs18\ul\cf17\super\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 [42]}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 
 Third, in relation to the development of the middle classes, other forms of finance-based personalty emerged which could be passed on. In view of the changing nature of property, it has been demonstrated th
at the business classes preferred and utilised the principle of partible inheritance, so that the estate was distributed between the surviving spouse and the children of the deceased.}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16401487  HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UNSWLawJl/2013/18.html" \\l "fn43" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs20\i\fs18\ul\cf17\super\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 [43]}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339  Indeed in some cases, the initial control of the whole estate was given to the wife exclusively.}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487  HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UNSWLawJl/2013/18.html" \\l "fn44" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs20\i\fs18\ul\cf17\super\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 [44]}}}
\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339  Fourth, although spouses had obligations of care and support to one another prior to the 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs18\super\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339  century,}{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\fs18\super\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339  HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UNSWLawJl/2013/18.html" \\l "fn45" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs20\i\fs18\ul\cf17\super\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 [45]}}}
\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339  this became a central function of companionate marriage.}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487  HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UNSWLawJl/2013/18.html" \\l "fn46" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs20\i\fs18\ul\cf17\super\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 [46]}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs18\super\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s3\ql \li284\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\outlinelevel2\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid16401487 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs28\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f258\fs28\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31506\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 1 The Original }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 Administration of Estates Act 1925}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31506\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 , 15 & 16 Geo 5, c 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li284\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid16401487 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31506\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 Administration of Estates Act 1925}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 , 15 & 16 Geo 5, c 23 was a significant overhaul of English succession law and remains (subject to amendment) the foundation of intestate succession in England. The legislation made four sweeping reforms:

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li284\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid16401487 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 (a) The Abolition of the Separate Rules for Realty and Personalty }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li284\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid16401487 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 In the main, the separate rules for realty and personalty were discarded in favour of a scheme influenced by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31506\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 Statute of Distribution 1670, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 22& 23 Car 2, c 10.}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16401487  HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UNSWLawJl/2013/18.html" \\l "fn47" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs20\f31506\fs18\ul\cf17\super\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 [47]}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 
 However, spouse-focused intestacy still retains some separate treatment of realty and personalty, but in ways different from that in the 19}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs18\super\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339  century.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li284\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid16401487 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 (b) Gender-Neutrality and Equality}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li284\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid16401487 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 Primogeniture no longer applied and the male and female lines had equal rights. Widows and widowers were treated equally.}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16401487  HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UNSWLawJl/2013/18.html" \\l "fn48" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs20\f31506\fs18\ul\cf17\super\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 [48]}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339  The principles of hotchpot and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f31506\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 per stirpes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339  distribution were not abolished, but these principles did not prev
ent the application of the rules in a gender-neutral way.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li284\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid16401487 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 (c) Spouse-Focused Intestate Succession}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li284\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid16401487 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\fs18\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 A new category of primary entitlement emerged. The major question was not whether the issue (particularly male children) survived the intestate. Instead, the 
principal determinant of the pattern of distribution became whether there was a surviving spouse. The central or \lquote gravitational\rquote 
 pull of intestate succession shifted from the preservation of family assets to the care and financial security of the surviving spouse.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 
 This was not unusual. Other European countries also prioritised the spouse. Indeed, Chrisoph Castelein has commented that \lquote [t]he promotion of the surviving spouse as intestate (and in some countries as imperative) heir was one of the most remarkab
le changes of inheritance law during the 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs18\super\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339  century\rquote .}
{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487  HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UNSWLawJl/2013/18.html" \\l "fn49" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs20\f31506\fs18\ul\cf17\super\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 [49]}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li284\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid16401487 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 (d) The Limitation of Those Relatives Entitled to Inherit from the Intestate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li284\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin284\itap0\pararsid16401487 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 The traditional rules for determining the \lquote next of kin\rquote 
 were largely abolished and a limited statutory scheme was introduced, entitling (in order) parents, brothers and sisters, grandparents, uncles and aunts.}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UNSWLawJl/2013/18.html" \\l "fn50" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs20\f31506\fs18\ul\cf17\super\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 [50]}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs18\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 
\par }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid8081339 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 43.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 
Professor Burns then observed that the shift in focus arose from the recognition of the need to provide for the care of, and financial security of, the surviving spouse.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid8782277 

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li993\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid16401487 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16401487\charrsid7679487  (c) Spouse-Focused Intestate Succession}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487\charrsid7679487 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li993\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid16401487 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\fs22\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid9728546 A new category of primary entitlement emerged. The major question was not whether the issue (particularly male children) survived the intestate. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f31506\fs22\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid5058932 Instead, the principal determinant of the pattern of distribution became whether there was a surviving spouse. The central or \lquote gravitational\rquote 
 pull of intestate succession shifted from the preservation of family assets to the care and financial security of the surviving spouse.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\insrsid16401487\charrsid7679487  This was not unusual
. Other European countries also prioritised the spouse. Indeed, Chrisoph Castelein has commented that \lquote 
[t]he promotion of the surviving spouse as intestate (and in some countries as imperative) heir was one of the most remarkable changes of inheritance law during the 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\super\insrsid16401487\charrsid7679487 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\insrsid16401487\charrsid7679487  century\rquote .{\*\bkmkstart fnB49}}{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\super\insrsid16401487\charrsid7679487  HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UNSWLawJl/2013/18.html" \\l "fn49" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs20\f31506\fs22\ul\cf17\super\insrsid16401487\charrsid7679487 
[49]}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\insrsid16401487\charrsid7679487 {\*\bkmkend fnB49}
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li993\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid16401487 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16401487\charrsid7679487 (d) The Limitation of Those Relatives Entitled to Inherit from the Intestate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487\charrsid7679487 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li993\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid16401487 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31506\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\insrsid16401487\charrsid7679487 The traditional rules for determining the \lquote next of kin\rquote  were 
largely abolished and a limited statutory scheme was introduced, entitling (in order) parents, brothers and sisters, grandparents, uncles and aunts.{\*\bkmkstart fnB50}}{\field\flddirty{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\super\insrsid16401487\charrsid7679487  HYPERLINK "http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UNSWLawJl/2013/18.html" \\l "fn50" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs20\f31506\fs22\ul\cf17\super\insrsid16401487\charrsid7679487 
[50]}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\insrsid16401487\charrsid7679487 {\*\bkmkend fnB50}
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \li993\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin993\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\super\insrsid16401487 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\i\f39\fs6\insrsid16401487\charrsid12338028 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 44.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li630\ri0\sa200\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 Fiji\rquote 
s Succession Probate And Administration Act is one of the many laws inherited when Fiji became a colony of Great Britain. Clearly, in my view, section 6 is premised very much along the same policy lines as the one which Professor Burns identifies above.

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid4142254 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 45.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid4142254 Counsel for the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 FNPF }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid4142254 
urges this court to consider a definition of \'93surviving wife\'94 in terms of dependency.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487  
The argument is that the wife was obviously no longer dependent on the husband at the time of his death because she had deserted him and the children to live in a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\i\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid4142254 
de-facto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487  relationship with another man for more than twenty years.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 46.\tab}Counsel for Ram Devi insists that a \'93surviving wife\'94
 is the legally married wife, regardless of whether she was a deserting and adulterous wife.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 47.\tab}Again, as Dr. Burns observe
s, the intestacy laws inherited from England is based on the need to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487  provide for the care of, and financial security of, the surviving spouse. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid6047392 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 48.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 
The need to provide for the care of and financial security of the spouse is based ultimately on the duty of one spouse to provide for the other, which duty is recognised both in common law and in Fiji\rquote 
s Family Law Act, and which duty is based ultimately on the sanctity of marriage.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid11751772 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 49.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 In my view, w
hen a spouse engages in conduct which is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid11751772  repugnant to and defiant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid11751772 of\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid11751772 the obligations which are inherent in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid11751772 sanctity of marriage\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid11751772 itself}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 , he or she abrogates his or her entitlement to benefit from that marriage arrangement, which must include the right to 
inherit in terms of the intestacy provisions in our Succession Probate And Administration Act. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 50.\tab}
The issue of whether the conduct is of such a repugnant and defiant nature sufficient to disentitle the spouse from any inheritance under Fiji\rquote s intestacy laws, must be a question of fact in any given case.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid11751772 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 51.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 In the mat
ter before me, I take into account the following:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 (i)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\sa200\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 fact that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 Ram Devi had abandoned Naidu and the children for some twenty years or so, 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 (ii)\tab}and throughout that time, had played no role in the children\rquote s upbringing, 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 (iii)\tab}or later,  in fulfilling her role as mother during the marriage of her children, 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 (iv)\tab}that she never served Naidu as his wife, and 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 (v)\tab}
that she had left Naidu for another man, and had uninterruptedly cohabited with that other man since the time she left Naidu. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 (vi)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid11751772 learly, she is being supported by her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\i\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid11751772 de-facto}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid11751772  partner of more than twenty years.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af1 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 52.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li630\ri0\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487\charrsid2294392  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid2294392 Suva City Council v R B Patel Group Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid2294392  [2014] FJSC 7; CBV0006.2012 (17 April 2014)}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af1\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 the Supreme Court of Fiji reiterated the two approaches to statutory interpretation as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs19\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid9662624 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li720\ri0\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f39\fs6\insrsid16401487\charrsid9662624 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\insrsid16401487 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31506\loch\f31506 62.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li1418\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid16401487 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16401487 Generally speaking, there are two schools of thought in relation to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487\charrsid7825486 \~interpretation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16401487 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 of statutes, the literal and the purposive. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16401487\charrsid16734803 literal approach}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 
, which was defined and explained by Higgins J. in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid11366159 Amalgamated Society of Engineers v Adelaide Steamship Co Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487  }
{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1920%5d%20HCA%2054" \\o "View LawCite Record" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs20\ul\cf17\insrsid16401487\charrsid1589595 [1920] HCA 54}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487\charrsid1589595 ; }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%281920%29%2028%20CLR%20129?stem=&synonyms=&query=statutory%20and%20interpretation" \\o "View LawCiteRecord" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs20\ul\cf17\insrsid16401487\charrsid1589595 (1920) 28 CLR 129}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 
, 161-2, seeks the intention of the legislature through an examination of the language in its "ordinary and natural sense ... even if we think the result to be inconvenient or impolitic or improbable". This method was also preferred by McHugh J. in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid11366159 Hepples v FCT }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1992%5d%20HCA%203?stem=&synonyms=&query=statutory%20and%20interpretation" \\o "View LawCite Record" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs20\ul\cf17\insrsid16401487\charrsid1589595 
[1992] HCA 3}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487\charrsid1589595 ; }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487  HYPERLINK "http://w
ww.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%281991%2d1992%29%20173%20CLR%20492?stem=&synonyms=&query=statutory%20and%20interpretation" \\o "View LawCiteRecord" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs20\ul\cf17\insrsid16401487\charrsid1589595 
(1991-1992) 173 CLR 492}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487\charrsid1589595 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 
 535-6, even if it produces "anomalies or inconveniences". Courts have stressed that they "cannot depart from the literal meaning of words merely because the result may ... seem unjust" (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid11366159 CPH Property Pty Ltd & Ors v FC of T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16401487  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 98 ATC 4983, 4996 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\insrsid16401487 per }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 Hill J.) or even "lead to a manifest absurdity" (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid11366159 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid11366159  v The Judge of the City of London Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16401487  }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1892%5d%201%20QB%20273?stem=&synonyms=&query=statutory%20and%20interpretation" \\o "View LawCite Record" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs20\ul\cf17\insrsid16401487\charrsid1589595 
[1892] 1 QB 273}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 , 290}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16401487  per}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16401487  Lord Esher). 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\insrsid16401487 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31506\loch\f31506 63.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li1418\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid16401487 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 An alternative method of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487\charrsid7825486 
interpretation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16401487 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 applied by the courts is known as the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16401487\charrsid16734803 purposive approach}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 , which is an approach to\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487\charrsid7825486 statutory interpretation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16401487 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 in which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid16734803 the courts interpret legislation in the light of the purpose for which it was enacted and which promotes the purpose of the legislation}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 . This approach recognizes that "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487\charrsid7825486 statutory interpretation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16401487 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487  cannot be founded on the wording of the legislation alone"(}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16401487 per}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487  Lacobucci J in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid1786827 Re Rizzio & Rizzo Shoes Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16401487 .,\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 
[1998] 1 S.C.R. 27, at paragraph 21) and permits courts to utilize extraneous pre-enactment material such as cabinet memoranda, draft bills, Parliamentary debates, committee reports and white papers. The purposive approach was explained by Kirby J in }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid9251966 FC of T v Ryan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\insrsid16401487 , }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%282000%29%2042%20ATR%20694?stem=&synonyms=&query=statutory%20and%20interpretation" \\o "View LawCiteRecord" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs20\ul\cf17\insrsid16401487\charrsid1589595 
(2000) 42 ATR 694}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 , 715-716, in the following manner:- 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1418\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid16401487 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs16\insrsid16401487\charrsid1589595 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li1701\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1701\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1701\itap0\pararsid16401487 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31506\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31506\fs22\insrsid16401487\charrsid1589595 "In this last decade, there have been numerous cases in which members of this court ... have insisted that the proper approach to t
he construction of federal legislation is that which advances and does not frustrate or defeat the ascertained purpose of the legislature ... even to the point of reading words into the legislation in proper cases, to carry into effect an apparent legisla
tive purpose ...This court should not return to the dark days of literalism."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\insrsid16401487\charrsid1589595 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li1418\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid16401487 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs8\insrsid16401487\charrsid1589595 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\insrsid16401487 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31506\loch\f31506 64.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li1418\ri0\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid16401487 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 Somewhere between the strictly literal method of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16401487\charrsid7825486 interpretation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16401487 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 and the purposive approach to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16401487\charrsid7825486 interpretation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16401487 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 lies the "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\insrsid16401487\charrsid9251966 golden rule}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 ", which was clarified by Viscount Simon LC in his judgment in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid9251966 Nokes v. Doncaster Amalgamated Collieries Ltd}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 . [1940] 3 All ER 549 at 553 as follows:-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1418\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid16401487 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs8\insrsid16401487\charrsid9662624 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \li1701\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx1701\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1701\itap0\pararsid16401487 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31506\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31506\fs22\insrsid16401487\charrsid1589595 "The golden rule is that the words of a statute must prima facie be given their ordinary meaning. We must not shrink from an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af31506\afs22 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31506\fs22\insrsid16401487\charrsid7825486 interpretation\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31506\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31506\fs22\insrsid16401487\charrsid1589595 
that which will reverse the previous law, for the purpose of a large number of our statute law is to make lawful that would not be lawful without the statute, or conversely, to prohibit results which would otherwise follo
w.... At the same time, if the choice is between two}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31506\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31506\fs22\insrsid16401487\charrsid7825486  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af31506\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31506\fs22\insrsid16401487\charrsid7825486 interpretations}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af31506\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f31506\fs22\insrsid16401487\charrsid1589595 \~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31506\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31506\fs22\insrsid16401487\charrsid1589595 
the narrower of which would fail to achieve the manifest purpose of legislation, we should avoid a construction that would reduce the legislation to futility, and should rather accept the
 bolder construction, based on the view that Parliament would legislate only for the purpose of bringing about an effective result." }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af31506\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f31506\fs22\insrsid16401487 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31506\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\insrsid16401487\charrsid1589595 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid552998 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 53.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li630\ri0\sa200\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid552998 I prefer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 a robust definition of \'93surviving wife\'94 to mean a widow who was still legally married to the deceased intestate 
at the time of his death and who, during the marriage, had not engaged in any (proven) conduct of such }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid3624692 nature repugnant to and defiant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid3624692 of\~}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid3624692 the obligations which are inherent in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid3624692 sanctity of marriage, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 sufficient to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid3624692 disentitle }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid3624692  from any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 
expectation of any }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid3624692 benefit }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 in the intestate deceased husband\rquote s estate. 
To adopt a narrow view would be contrary to the policy of the intestacy provisions which Dr. Burns outlines.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid552998 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 54.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 As a side comment, a valid 
will that makes provision even for a deserting and adulterous spouse}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\cf6\insrsid16401487\charrsid6188458  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 must be respected because, 
at the end of the day, it is the wishes of the testator which must prevail.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\cf6\insrsid16401487\charrsid12990294 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 55.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 
However, when it comes to whether a surviving, deserting and adulterous spouse should inherit from the deceased spouse\rquote s estate in terms of the intestacy laws under section 6 of the }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\insrsid16401487  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/num_act/spaaa2004456/" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436 Succession, Probate and Administration Act}}}
\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 , different considerations must apply.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\cf6\insrsid16401487\charrsid5339440 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16401487 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\ul\insrsid6047392 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\ul\insrsid16401487\charrsid5339440 CONCLUSION
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 56.\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-360\li630\ri0\sa200\sl480\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 Accordingly, I rule that the FNPF funds standing in the account of the late Naidu should only be distributed in terms of section 6(1)(d) of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436 Section 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 (1)(c) and (d)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436  of the }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/legis/num_act/spaaa2004456/" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436 
Succession, Probate and Administration Act}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\cf1\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16401487\charrsid7474436  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\cf6\insrsid16401487\charrsid5339440 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid16401487 \hich\af39\dbch\af31506\loch\f39 57.\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 Parties
 to bear their own costs.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\cf6\insrsid16401487\charrsid6047392 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li630\ri0\sa200\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin630\itap0\pararsid6047392\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\cf6\insrsid6047392\charrsid11084601 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qc \li720\ri0\sa200\sl480\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487               \'85\'85\'85
\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85..
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qc \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16401487\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487             Anare Tuilevuka
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid6047392         JUDGE
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487        Lautoka }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid6047392 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs8\insrsid16401487\charrsid5339440 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487          11 July 2017}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\cf6\insrsid16401487\charrsid6188458 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16401487 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16401487 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16401487 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid16401487\charrsid16401487 
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