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\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4680\tqr\tx9360\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid12024115 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5399420 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\insrsid4331858\charrsid5399420 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT LAUTOKA
\par CRIMINAL JURISDICTION
\par APPELLATE JURISDICTION NO. HAA 44 OF 2016
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4331858 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid4331858 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5399420 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid5399420\charrsid5399420 BETWEEN
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid4331858 SALESH NARAYAN
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4331858\charrsid5399420 APPELLANT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qr \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4331858 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid4331858 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5399420 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid5399420 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\insrsid5399420\charrsid5399420 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid4331858\charrsid9574972 STATE
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs28\insrsid4331858\charrsid5399420 RESPONDENT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4331858 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid4331858 
\par Counsel:   \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid10816466 Ms}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid4349372 . V. Diroiroi for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid4331858  Appellant
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab Mr. J. Niudamu for Respondent\tab \tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par Date of Hearing:\tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid11490882 0}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid4331858 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\super\insrsid4331858\charrsid4331858 th}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid4331858  December, 2016
\par Date of Judgment:\tab 14}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\super\insrsid4331858\charrsid5245105 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid4331858  December, 2016}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\insrsid4331858\charrsid9574972 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4331858 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid4331858\charrsid15869404 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4331858 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid4331858 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4331858 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid9114025 1.\tab The Appe}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 llant was charged in the Magistrates Court at Nadi with one count of Kidnapping }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10879728 w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 
ith Intent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10879728 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 o Confine Any Person and one Count of Criminal Intimidation contrary to Section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14250792 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858  281 and 375(1)(a) (iv) respectively of the Crimes Decree No. 44 of 2009.
\par 
\par 2.\tab The Appellant on his own accord pleaded guilty to the charge on the 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid4331858\charrsid4331858 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858  of October, 2015.
\par 
\par 3.\tab The learned Magistrate convicted the Appellant for these two counts and sentenced }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14250792 him }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10889868 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid10889868\charrsid10889868 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10889868  August 2016 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 to 18 months\rquote  imprisonment for the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid4331858\charrsid4331858 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858  count and 12 months\rquote 
 imprisonment for the 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid4331858\charrsid4331858 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858  Count }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12059812 
with concurrent effect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 with a non-parole period of 12 months.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10879728 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 4.\tab 
The Appellant being not satisfied with the sentence has appealed against }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10879728 his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858  sentence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10879728  within time.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6428965 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4331858 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6428965 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 .\tab Appellant is advancing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10879728 two}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858  grounds of appeal which are as follows:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid4331858 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 a.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10879728\charrsid10879728 The sentence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10879728 was harsh and excessive in totality.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid10879728 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid10879728 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 b.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10879728\charrsid10879728 I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 mposition of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10879728 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 non
-parole for 12 months was harsh and excessive 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11545112 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11545112 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11545112\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11545112\charrsid9854025 Law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11545112 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11545112\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11545112\charrsid9854025 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11545112\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11545112 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11545112\charrsid5772595 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11545112 This Court will approach an appeal against sentence using principles set out in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11545112\charrsid14250792 House v The King}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11545112\charrsid5772595  [1936] HCA 40; (1936) 55 CLR 499 and adopted in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11545112\charrsid14250792 Kim Nam Bae v The State Criminal Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11545112\charrsid5772595  No.AAU0015 at [2]. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11545112  

\par 
\par 7.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11545112\charrsid5772595 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11545112\charrsid5772595 Bae v State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11545112\charrsid5772595  [1999] FJCA 21; AAU0015u.98s (26 February 1999) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14250792 the Fiji Appeal Court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11545112\charrsid5772595 
 observed:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11545112 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11545112\charrsid5772595 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11545112\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11545112\charrsid5772595 \'93
It is well established law that before this Court can disturb the sentence, the appellant must demonstrate that the Court below fell 
into error in exercising its sentencing discretion. If the trial judge acts upon a wrong principle, if he allows extraneous or irrelevant matters to guide or affect him, if he mistakes the facts, if he does not take into account some relevant consideratio
n, then the Appellate Court may impose a different sentence. This error may be apparent from the reasons for sentence or it may be inferred from the length of the sentence itself (House v The King [1936] HCA 40; (1936) 55 CLR 499)\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11545112 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11545112\charrsid5772595 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11545112\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11545112 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11545112\charrsid5772595 .\tab The Supreme Court, in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11545112\charrsid5772595 Naisua v State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11545112\charrsid5772595  [2013] FJSC 14; CAV0010.2013 (20 November 2013), endorsed the views expressed in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11545112\charrsid5772595 Bae}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11545112\charrsid5772595  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11545112\charrsid5772595 (supra):}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11545112 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11545112\charrsid5772595 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid11545112\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11545112\charrsid5772595 \'93
It is clear that the Court of Appeal will approach an appeal against sentence using the principles set out in House v The King [1936] HCA 40; (
1936) 55 CLR 499 and adopted in Kim Nam Bae v The State Criminal Appeal No.AAU0015 at [2]. Appellate courts will interfere with a sentence if it is demonstrated that the trial judge made one of the following errors:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11545112 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11545112\charrsid5772595 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-360\li1800\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid11545112\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11545112\charrsid5772595 \tab \tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11545112\charrsid5772595 (i) Acted upon a wrong principle;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi360\li1800\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid11545112\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11545112\charrsid5772595 
(ii) Allowed extraneous or irrelevant matters to guide or affect him;
\par (iii) Mistook the facts;
\par (iv) Failed to take into account some relevant consideration. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4331858 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11545112 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11872140 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11545112 9.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4982661\charrsid11872140 The Fiji Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af39\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f39\fs24\ul\insrsid11872140\charrsid11872140 Sharma v State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af39\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f39\fs24\insrsid11872140\charrsid11872140  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af39\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid14250792\charrsid14250792 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af39\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid11872140\charrsid14250792 
unreported Cr. App. No. AAU0065 of 2012; 2 June 2014}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af39\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid14250792 ]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11872140\charrsid14250792  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f39\fs24\insrsid11872140\charrsid11872140 discussed the approach to be taken }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid14250792 when}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid11872140\charrsid11872140 
 exercising appellate jurisdiction }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid14250792 in reviewing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid11872140\charrsid11872140 a sentencing discretion of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid14250792 lower }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid11872140\charrsid11872140 court. The Court observed: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11872140\charrsid11872140 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx220\tx720\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11872140 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid11872140\charrsid11872140 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10504410 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af39\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid11872140\charrsid11872140 \'93
In determining whether the sentencing discretion has miscarried this Court does no
t rely upon the same methodology used by the sentencing judge. The approach taken by this Court is to assess whether in all the circumstances of the case the sentence is one that could reasonably be imposed by a sentencing judge or, in other words, that t
he sentence imposed lies within the permissible range.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af39\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid11872140  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af39\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid11872140\charrsid11872140 
It follows that even if there has been an error in the exercise of the sentencing discretion, this Court will still dismiss the appeal if in the exercise of its own discretion the Court considers that t
he sentence actually imposed falls within the permissible range. However}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af39\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid11872140 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af39\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid11872140\charrsid11872140 
 it must be recalled that the test is not whether the Judges of this Court if they had been in the position of the sentencing judge would have imposed a different sentence. It must be
 established that the sentencing discretion has miscarried either by reviewing the reasoning for the sentence or by determining from the facts that it is unreasonable or unjust\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af39\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid10504410 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16732158 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16732158 10.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\cf17\insrsid16732158\charrsid11490882 The summary of facts admitted by the Appellant is as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf6\insrsid11545112 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf6\insrsid11490882 \tab 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8477862 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227 On the 23}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\super\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227 rd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227 
 day of July, 2011 at about 0715 hrs at Nalovo, Nadi one Salesh Narayan [Accused] 33 years, Custom Clerk of Talaiya, Ba with another kidnapped one Muni Sangeeta Naicker, 31 years Product Manager of Nalovo, Nadi with intent to secretly and wrongfully conf
ine the said Muni Sangeeta Naicker.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8477862 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8477862 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227 
[Complainant] and [Accused] were legally married but they have divorced.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8477862 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8477862 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227 On the above date, time and place }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12866227\charrsid12866227 Complainant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227 [PW-1] was at the Queen\rquote 
s Road Highway waiting for a transport to go to work. Accused and another came with one seven}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12866227\charrsid12866227 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227 
seater van registration number FO 014 came and stopped to [PW-1] and he asked PW-1 if she wants to go to town. [PW-1] got into the van and seated at the back seat of the driver while crossing Uciwai Junction accused who was hiding at the
 back seat hold PW-1 on her face using a cloth in which accused had put the chemical to make PW-1 unconscious.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12866227\charrsid12866227  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227 PW-1 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12866227\charrsid12866227 struggled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227 
 to free herself but could not as accused was very strong.  PW-1 also tried to stop the van but the driver did not stop. Accused th
reatened PW-1 that he is going to kill her, PW-1 fell down in the van and she felt dizzy due to chemical used on her face. PW-1 then saw the face of the accused and she identified as her ex-husband Accused threaten}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12866227\charrsid12866227 ed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227  PW-1 saying that \lquote tume hum jaan se maar dka, tum hamar nahi to koi ke nahi\'94 meaning that I will kill you if you a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12866227\charrsid12866227 re}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227 
 not mine, you cannot be for another person. [PW-1 kept on asking accused to let her go but Accused with another driving towards Northern Press road into an apartment.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8477862 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8477862 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227 Accused too}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12866227\charrsid12866227 k }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227 PW-1 into one room and started questioning}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12866227\charrsid12866227  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227 
PW-1as whom is she is getting married to and Accused threatened PW-1 that he cannot stay without PW-1 and their daughter and he will make}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12866227\charrsid12866227  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227 PW-1 drink that chemical and die. After some time}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12866227 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227 
 Accused brought the camera and took the photo of PW-1 with him sitting on the bed. Accused rang somebody to bring some food to him in the room. PW-1 was really afraid that Accused is going to kill her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12866227 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12866227 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227 o save her life}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12866227\charrsid12866227 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227 
 PW-1 did what Accused told her. Accused then threatened PW-1 with the bottle of chemical to write a letter stating that she was not forced to come with him. Under threat PW-1 then wrote a letter and signed it.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8477862 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8477862 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227 
Accused then rang a taxi to pick them from the apartment. While Accused was looking outside from the front door to call the taxi then PW-1 run from the back door and shouted for help and the Security Officer of the apartment assisted her.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12866227\charrsid12866227  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227 
PW-1 then got in the taxi which the Accused called and she went to her workplace and after that she went to Nadi Police Station.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8477862 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid8477862 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227 
PW-1 was medically examined as she received injuries and the statement was recorded.  Accused was arrested and caution interviewed and admitted the facts and stated that he planned to kidnap PW-1 as Accused wanted to talk to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12866227\charrsid12866227  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227 PW-1 to solve the problem in their family then Accused was charged with one count of Kidnapping With}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid8477862  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11490882\charrsid12866227 Intent To Confine Any Person and one count Criminal Intimidation.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8477862 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\cf6\insrsid11490882\charrsid16732158 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2841223\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11545112 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10504410 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11545112 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10504410 
Both parties have filed written submissions and further to that Counsel made oral submissions. I have considered the same. Having examined the legal position and the approach to be taken }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12059812 
in an appeal against a sentence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10504410 , I now turn to analyse the grounds of appeals.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10504410 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10504410\charrsid6428965 Ground 1- The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10504410 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10504410\charrsid6428965 entence was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10504410 H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10504410\charrsid6428965 arsh and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10504410 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10504410\charrsid6428965 xcessive in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10504410 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10504410\charrsid6428965 otality
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2841223\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10504410 
\par 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8793418 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10504410 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223 The sentencing Court should be guided by }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10504410 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223 proportionality principle enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Fiji, Sentencing and Penalties Decree}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3237738 , 2009}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223  and guideline judgments}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9109900 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223 
 if any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9109900 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223  in arriving at an appropriate sentence. 
\par 
\par 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8793418 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223\charrsid14052365 An examination of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223 Fiji}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223\charrsid14052365  case law reveals that proportionality is the most fundamental principle of sentencing so far developed by the courts.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223\charrsid14052365 This principle seems not only to be a rule o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223 
f law but also a constitutional}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223\charrsid14052365  imperative.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841223\charrsid14052365  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2841223\charrsid5133547 T}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223\charrsid5133547 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223  selection of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223\charrsid14052365  particular punishment
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223  to be imposed on an individual offender is subject to the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223\charrsid14052365  constitutional principle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223  of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223\charrsid14052365  proportionality}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223 . A }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2841223\charrsid15867399 constitutional protection to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223 exist in determining}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223\charrsid15867399 
 that the punishment must first be proportionate to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223  the offence but also proportionate to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223\charrsid15867399 
 the personal circumstances of the offender. In essence, this principle demands}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223\charrsid15867399 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223 a sentencing court should first locate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15678117  the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7293155  specific}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16071609  offence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10504410  on the overall scale of gravity and then proceed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3237738  to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2841223\charrsid15867399 ma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10504410 ke any necessary allowance for}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2841223\charrsid15867399 relevant personal circumstances. It is within this cardinal principle that criminal record must be assessed in affecting the quantum of punishment to be imposed on the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2841223  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223\charrsid15867399 offender.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9109900 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15678117\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs24\insrsid9109900\charrsid15678117 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs24\insrsid8793418 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs24\insrsid9109900\charrsid15678117 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs24\insrsid15678117\charrsid15678117 Section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f40\fs24\insrsid15678117\charrsid15678117 11 (1) of the Constitution provides:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs24\insrsid15678117 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f40\fs24\insrsid15678117\charrsid15678117 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15678117\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f40\fs24\insrsid15678117 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f40\fs24\insrsid15678117\charrsid15678117 Every person has the right to freedom from torture of any kind, whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f40\fs24\insrsid16732158    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f40\fs24\insrsid15678117\charrsid15678117 physical, mental or emotional, and from cruel, inhumane, degrading or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f40\fs24\insrsid15678117\charrsid3237738 disproportionately severe treatment or punishment\'94 }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f40\fs24\insrsid15678117 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f40\fs24\insrsid1991848 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s17\ql \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11490882\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15678117\charrsid15678117 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8793418 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15678117\charrsid15678117 .\tab Section 15 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid15678117\charrsid15678117 (3) of the Sentencing and Penalties Decree }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid12059812 s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid15678117\charrsid15678117 tates:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15678117 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f39\fs24\insrsid15678117\charrsid15678117 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\faauto\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15678117 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid15678117 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f39\fs24\insrsid15678117\charrsid15678117 
As a general principle of sentencing, a court may not impose a more serious sentence unless it is satisfied that a lesser or alternative sentence will not meet the objectives of sentencing stated in section 4, and sentences of imprisonment should
 be regarded as the sanction of last resort taking into account all matters stated in this Part}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid15678117 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af39\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f39\fs24\insrsid15678117\charrsid15678117 .

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15678117\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15678117\charrsid15678117 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2841223\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7293155 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8793418 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7293155 .\tab Having considered the aforementioned sentencing principles I proceed to review the sentence imposed by the learned Magistrate to see if }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12059812 it}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3237738  was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7293155  harsh and excessive. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9109900 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7293155 
\par 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8793418 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7293155 .\tab It appears that the learned Magistrate has }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1516465 
correctly identified the tariff for each offence and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7293155 applied established legal principles in selecting the starting point. 
\par 
\par 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8793418 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7293155 .\tab The maximum sentence for the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid7293155\charrsid7293155 st}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7293155  count is imprisonment of seven years and for the 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid7293155\charrsid7293155 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7293155  count}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9312610 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7293155  five years\rquote  imprisonment. 
\par 
\par 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8793418 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7293155 .\tab The tariff for the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid7293155\charrsid7293155 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7293155  count is well settled. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7293155\charrsid1516465 State v Sasau}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7293155 
 [2012] FJHC 1301; HAC 111.2009 (28 August 2012}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1516465 ) Madigan J set the tariff between }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7293155 18 months }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1516465 and 4 years\rquote  imprisonment. 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8793418 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1516465 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12059812 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1516465 
he learned Magistrate correctly stated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3237738 that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1516465 there }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3237738 was}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1516465  no established tariff for the 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid1516465\charrsid1516465 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1516465  Count. }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12059812 In the absence of an established tariff, he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7553186  examined the relevant case law and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1516465 
was guided by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1516465\charrsid16071609 Lagi v The State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1516465   [2004] FJHC 69; HAA0004j.2004S (12 March 2004) and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16071609 Wise v }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16071609\charrsid16071609 State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16071609 
 [2008] FJHC 316; HAA 078J.2008S (10 November 2008) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3237738 when he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16071609  determined that the range of sentence should be between 1 and 2 years}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7553186 \rquote  imprisonment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16071609 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7293155 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16071609 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7228788\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8793418 21}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16071609 .\tab Having }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7426312 identified}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16071609  the appropriate tariff for each offence, the learned Magistrate }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9967970 proceeded to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16071609 select the starting point}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3237738 . He picked a starting point}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16071609  of 24 months }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3237738 from the lower range of tariff }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16071609 for the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid16071609\charrsid16071609 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16071609  count and 12 months for the second count }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3237738 considering the }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16071609 principles enunciated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7228788\charrsid16349054 in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7228788\charrsid16349054 
Laisiasa Koroivuki v State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7228788\charrsid16349054  (Cr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4982661 iminal Appeal AAU 0018 of 2010)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3237738 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7228788  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3237738 In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7228788  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3237738\charrsid1991848 Koroivuki}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3237738 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7228788 it was observed}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7228788\charrsid16349054 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7228788 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7228788\charrsid16349054 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7228788\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7228788\charrsid16349054 "
In selecting a starting point, the court must have regard to an objective seriousness of the offence. No reference should be made to the mitigating and aggravating factors at this time. As a matter of good practice, the starting point should be picked fro
m the lower or middle range of the tariff. After adjusting for the mitigating and aggravating factors, the final term should fall within the tariff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7228788\charrsid7228788 
. If the final term falls either below or higher than the tariff, then the sentencing court should provide reasons why the sentence is outside the range". }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7228788 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2841223\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16071609 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7228788 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8793418 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7228788 .\tab 
The learned Magistrate then proceeded to identify the relevant aggravating and mitigating factors for appropriate adjustments. He increased the sentence by 12 months for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13841512 each count for }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7228788 following aggravating factors:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13841512 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f10\insrsid7228788\charrsid12009534 \loch\af10\dbch\af0\hich\f10 \'a7\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s18\qj \fi-360\li2160\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl2\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid12009534\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7228788\charrsid12009534 Pre planning
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f10\insrsid7228788\charrsid12009534 \loch\af10\dbch\af0\hich\f10 \'a7\tab}Using of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7426312 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7228788\charrsid12009534 chemical to make the victim unconscious
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f10\insrsid7228788\charrsid12009534 \loch\af10\dbch\af0\hich\f10 \'a7\tab}Taking photos of the victim
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f10\insrsid13841512\charrsid12009534 \loch\af10\dbch\af0\hich\f10 \'a7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13841512\charrsid12009534 
Forcing the victim to write a letter saying she came voluntarily}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7228788\charrsid12009534 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s18 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f10\insrsid7228788\charrsid12009534 \loch\af10\dbch\af0\hich\f10 \'a7\tab}Using force on the victim
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2841223\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13841512 
\par 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8793418 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13841512 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7426312 
In paragraph 5 of the sentencing Ruling the learned Magistrate identified }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13841512 mitigating factors }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7426312 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13841512  gave a discount of 18 months for the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid13841512\charrsid13841512 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13841512  count and 12 months for the 2
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid13841512\charrsid13841512 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13841512  count to arrive at a final sentence of 18 months\rquote  imprisonment for the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid13841512\charrsid13841512 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13841512  count and 12 months\rquote  imprisonment for the 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\super\insrsid13841512\charrsid13841512 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13841512  count.  Even though he ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12009534 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13841512  not given a separate discount for the guilty plea, he h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6827617 ad}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13841512  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid12009534 considered the guilty plea in mitigation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6827617 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12009534 although it was a belated one}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6827617 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12009534 .  
\par 
\par 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8793418 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12009534 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7426312 Since his final sentence fell below two years}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16015172 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7426312  the learned Magistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16015172 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7426312  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid984451 in exercising his discretion under Section 26 (2) of the Sentencing and Penalties Decree}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16015172 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid984451  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7426312 considered whether }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid984451 the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7426312 
Appellant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid984451 \rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7426312  case }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid984451 was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7426312 one warranted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid984451 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7426312 suspended sentence. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid984451 
In the balancing exercise, he has considered the need to rehabilitate a first and young offender }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3148912 on one hand }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid984451 and the }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3148912 need for retribution and deterrence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3148912\charrsid3148912  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3148912 on the other. Having }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16015172 directed his mind to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3148912  relevant case law and spirit of Section}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2651780 s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3148912  4(1) and 15(3) of the Sentencing and Penalties Decree, the learned Magistrate eventually concluded that an immediate custodial sentence was warranted. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16015172 
\par 
\par 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8793418 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16015172 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3148912 In coming to this }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid16015172 conclusion}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3148912  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16015172 the learned Magistrate justified his decision in following fashion:   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3148912    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7228788 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2651780\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2651780 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16015172\charrsid2651780 
Given the increasing number of family cases, the court has to take very tough stance on these offences and send a very clear and strong message that the courts will not tolerate these offences more. Otherwise all the people who }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2651780\charrsid2651780 have family cases and disputes will follow the same path. The people who have family disputes must go to the court to resolve them and should not take law into own hands}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid6827617 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2651780\charrsid2651780  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1516465\charrsid2651780 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2841223\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841223 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2126462\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2651780 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8793418 6}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2651780 .\tab Having justified his decision, the learned Magistrate rightly concluded that the purpose of sentencing in these }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7553186 types}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2651780  of cases was to punish the offenders and to deter the would-be offenders as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2126462 a means }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2651780 of express}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2126462 ing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2651780  public outrage and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7553186 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2651780 ourt\rquote s }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7553186 denunciation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2651780 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8212719 The learned Magistrate has exercised his discretion lawfully and judiciously. Therefore, this ground fail}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6827617 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8212719 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6428965 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid17778 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid2126462 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4331858 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid13392772 Ground}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid13392772 b}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid15825739  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid15759965 Fixing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid2126462 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid15759965 non-parole period by sentencing court
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8793418 7}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid15825739 Section 2 of the Sentencing and Penalties Decree 2009 defines non-parole period as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid15825739 
"any period fixed under Part V during which an offender who is sentenced to a term of imprisonment is not eligible to be released on parole".
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 
\par 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8793418 8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid15825739 Section 18 of the Sentenci
ng and Penalties Decree 2009 states:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-1440\li2160\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx1440\tx2160\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid7022076 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid15825739 "18.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid15825739 (1)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7022076 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid15825739 
Subject to sub-section (2), when a court sentences an offender to be imprisoned for life or for a term of 2 years or more the court must fix a period during which the offender is not eligible to be released on parole.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid4331858 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid15825739 
\par (2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid15825739 
 If a court considers that the nature of the offence, or the past history of the offender, make the fixing of a non-parole period inappropriate, the court may decline to fix a non-parole period under sub-section (1).
\par 
\par (3) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid15825739 If a court senten
ces an offender to be imprisoned for a term of less than 2 years but not less than one year, the court may fix a period during which the offender is not eligible to be released on parole.
\par 
\par (4) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid15825739 Any non-parole period fixed under this section must be at leas
t 6 months less than the term of the sentence.
\par 
\par (5)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid15825739 
 If a court sentences an offender to be imprisoned in respect of more than one offence, any non-parole period fixed under this section must be in respect of the aggregate period of imprisonment that the o
ffender will be liable to serve under all the sentences imposed.
\par 
\par (6) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid15825739 
In order to give better effect to any system of parole implemented under a law making provision for such a system, a court may fix a non-parole period in relation to sentences already b
eing served by offenders, and to this extent this Decree may retrospective application.
\par 
\par (7) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid15825739 
Regulations made under this Decree may make provision in relation to any procedural matter related to the exercise by the courts of the power under sub-section (6)."
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16720104 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid8793418 9}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid13710667 A discretion has been granted to the sentencing judge in terms of Section 18 }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 (3) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid13710667 
of the Sentencing and Penalties Decree when fixing a non-parole period but is silent as to how that period should be arrived at. Calanchini P in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4331858\charrsid13710667 Paula Tora v. The Sta
te Criminal Appeal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid13710667  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid13710667 No.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7022076  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid13710667 AAU 0063 of 2011 (27 February 2015) stated:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4331858 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid13710667 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4331858 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid13710667 
" The purpose of fixing the non-parole term is to fix the minimum term that the Appellant is required to serve before being eligible for any early release. Although there is no 
indication in section 18 of the Sentencing and Penalties Decree 2009 as to what matters should be considered when fixing the non-parole period, it is my view that the purposes of sentencing set out in section 4(1) should be considered with particular refe
r
ence to rehabilitation on the one hand and deterrence on the other. As a result the non-parole term should not be so close to the head sentence as to deny or discourage the possibility of re-habilitation. Nor should the gap between the non-parole term and
 
the head sentence be such as to be ineffective as a deterrent. It must also be recalled that the current practice of the Corrections Department, in the absence of a parole board, is to calculate the one third remission that a prisoner may be entitled to u
nder section 27(2) of the Corrections Service Act, 2006 on the balance of the head sentence after the non-parole term has been served."
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4331858 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8793418 30}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid13710667 
It would be seen therefore that there is no basis for the imposition of the non-parole period in terms of the statutory provisions as it stands now in Fiji except to say that when fixing a non-parole period}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2126462 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid13710667 
 it should be six months less than the head sentence. This would indicate that a period which is less than six months than the head sentence would be the maximum lim
it of the non-parole period. If the remission of one third is to be considered at the end of such a six months}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2126462 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid13710667  period, it may go against the spirit of section 4(1) of the Sentencing and Penalties Decree, 2009 in striking a balance between rehabilitation and deterrence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid13710667 Vide}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4331858\charrsid13710667 Naitini  v State}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid13710667  [2015] FJCA 154; AAU102.2010 (3 December 2015)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8793418 31}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid13710667 
It will also be necessary to consider the personal circumstances of the offender when deciding on the minimum non-parole period, as to whether he/she was a first offe
nder or a person with a history of having committed crimes of a similar or serious nature which may have already been considered when imposing the head sentence. 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8793418 32}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 .\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid13710667 
While leaving the discretion to decide on the non-parole period when sentencing to the sentencing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7553186 j}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid13710667 udge }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7553186 or magistrate }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid13710667 it would be necessary to state that the sentencing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7553186 j}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid13710667 udge would be in the best position in the particular case to decide on the non-parole 
period depending on the circumstances of the case. In doing so, it is desirable that the sentencing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7553186 j}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid13710667 udge}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8212719  or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7553186 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8212719 agistrate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid13710667  take into consideration the three objectives stated by Redlich JA and Osborn JA in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid4331858\charrsid16536814 Kumova v. Queen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid16536814  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 [2012]n VSCA 212 which I reproduce below:
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4331858 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid8863938 Redlich JA and Osborn JA stated:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4331858 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid8863938 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4331858 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid8863938 
"Like the head sentence, determination of the non-parole period involves the application of well settled principles and practices to the circumstances of the case. All factors are
 taken into account, first in determining the head sentence and then in fixing the non-parole period. The factors may be differently weighted at each stage of the exercise because there are different purposes behind each function. In fixing the proportion
 of the head sentence to be given to the minimum sentence there are sentencing principles in operation which, together with the individual circumstances of the case will determine the proportion which the non-parole period must bear to the head sentence. 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid6901958 Fi
rst, like the head sentence, the non-parole period must also reflect the objective gravity of the offence so that the non-parole period should constitute the minimum period of imprisonment that justice requires the prisoner to serve. Secondly, punishment 
i
s mitigated in favour of the prisoner's rehabilitation. The benefit of the minimum term is for the purpose of the offender's rehabilitation. Thirdly, in fixing the minimum term, the interests of the community, which imprisonment is designed to serve, must
 be taken into account."}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid8863938  (Emphasis added).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid8863938 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4331858 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8793418 33}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 .\tab Section 18(3) of the Sentencing and Penalties Decree gives }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5843592 a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 discretion to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5843592 the sentencing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7553186 m}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 
agistrate to impose a non-parole period. In the present matter, the learned Magistrate had exercised }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9846832 his}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858  discretion ju
diciously pursuant to Section 18(3) and (4) of the Sentencing and Penalties Decree. Therefore}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12009534 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858  this ground fails. 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8212719 
\par 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8793418 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid8212719 .\tab For the reasons given, the appeal is dismissed. The sentence imposed by the learned Magistrate is affirmed.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li5040\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid4331858 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5399420 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid5004254 Aruna Aluthge
\par Judge
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4331858 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid5004254 
\par At Lautoka
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4982661 14}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\super\insrsid8212719\charrsid8212719 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid8212719  December}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid5004254 , 2016
\par 
\par Solicitors: \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2191327 Legal Aid Commission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid5004254  for the Appellant 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1991848 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid4331858\charrsid5004254 
Office of the Director of Public Prosecution for the Respondent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid4331858 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4331858 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid4331858 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sa200\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4331858 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid16545371\charrsid4331858 
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