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\par }}\ltrpar \sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\footerr \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s19\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar
\tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\field{\*\fldinst {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10753479 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506  PAGE   \\* MERGEFORMAT }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid6366905 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 1}}}
\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10753479 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s19\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid10753479 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15546526 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15546526 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par WESTERN  DIVISION
\par AT  LAUTOKA
\par 
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li4320\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin4320\itap0\pararsid15546526 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15546526 
\par          }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15546526  CIVIL ACTION NO.  HBC 86 of 2016
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15546526 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15546526 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15546526 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15546526 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15546526 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15546526 BETWEEN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15546526 \tab :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15546526 JANARDHAN NAICKER}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15546526  of Sulua Street, Drasa, Vitogo, Lautoka.
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-1440\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15546526 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15546526 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab         \tab 
              }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15546526 PLAINTIFF}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15546526 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15546526 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15546526 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid15546526 \tab \tab :\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15546526 SHAKUNTALA MANI & ASHNIL KRISHNA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15546526  both of Sulua 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid15546526 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15546526 Street, Drasa Vitogo, Lautoka. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15546526 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15546526 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab           \tab \tab    }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15546526 DEFENDANTS
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15546526\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15546526 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15546526 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mr. Mark Joseph Anthony for the Plaintiff
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx2268\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15546526\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15546526 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Mr. Zoyab Shafi Mohammed for the Defendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15546526\charrsid8415765 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15546526 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15546526 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx2268\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15546526\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15546526 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Date of Hearing : -\tab 21}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\super\langfenp5129\insrsid15546526\charrsid15546526 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15546526 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  September 2016
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx1843\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15546526\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15546526 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Date of Ruling   : -\tab   02}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\super\langfenp5129\insrsid15546526\charrsid15546526 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15546526 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  December 2016
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15546526 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15546526 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15546526 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx6521\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15546526 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs32 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs32\ul\insrsid15546526 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 RULING
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15546526 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid15546526 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15546526 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\insrsid15546526\charrsid15079265 (A)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid15546526\charrsid15079265 INTRODUCTION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\insrsid15546526 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2056730 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 (1)\tab 
The matter before me stems from the Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid9118197 \rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 s Originating Summons}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2099915 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730  dated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid1328161 20}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\super\langfenp5129\insrsid1328161\charrsid1328161 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid1328161  May }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 2016, made pursuant to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 Section 169}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730  of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 Land Transfer Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 , for an Order for Vacant Possession again}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6974448 st the Defendants.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
\par 
\par 
\par (2)\tab The Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid6974448 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid16088790  are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730  summoned to appear before the Court to show cause why }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8151338 they }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 should not give up vacant possession of the Plaintiffs property comprised in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8151338\charrsid9118197 Housing Authority Sub-lease No- 240799, Lot -15, DP N0- 4188 situated in the province of Ba, Tikina of Vuda, having an area of 27.5 perches.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid9118197 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 (3)
\tab The Originating Summons for eviction is supported by an affidavit sworn by the Plaintiffs on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8151338 18}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\super\langfenp5129\insrsid8151338\charrsid8151338 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8151338  May }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 2016.
\par 
\par (4)\tab The Originating Summons for eviction is stro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8151338 ngly contested by the Defendants.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
\par 
\par (5)\tab The Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8151338 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730  filed an \lquote 
Affidavit in Opposition\rquote  opposing the application for eviction followed by an \lquote Affidavit in Reply\rquote  thereto.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8151338 (6) \tab The Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730  and the Defendant}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8151338 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730  were heard on the \lquote Originating Summons
\rquote .  They made oral submissions to Court. In addition to oral submiss}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8151338 ions, Counsel for the Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730  and the Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8151338 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730  filed a careful and comprehensive written submission for which I am most grateful.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 (B)\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 THE LAW
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp1033\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
In order to understand the issues that arise in the instant case, I bear in mind the applicable law and the judicial thinking reflected in the following judicial decisions.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp1033\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 Sections from 169 to 172 of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730  Land Transfer Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 (LTA)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730  are applicable to summary application for eviction.

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
Section 169 states;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 \'93}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
The following persons may summon any person in possession of land to appear before a judge in chambers to show cause why the person summoned should not give up possession to the applicant:-
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
\tab \tab (a)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 the last registered proprietor of the land;
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 \tab \tab (b) \tab \'85..;
\par \tab \tab (c)\tab \'85\tab 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 Section 170 states;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 \tab \tab 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 \'93}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
The summons shall contain a description of the land and shall require the person summoned to appear at the court on a day not earlier than sixteen days after the service of the summons.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af31506\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 Section 171 states;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 \'93}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
On the day appointed for the hearing of the summons, if the person summoned does not appear, then upon proof to the satisfaction of the judge of the due service of such summons and upon proof of the title by 
the proprietor or lessor and, if any consent is necessary, by the production and proof of such consent, the judge may order immediate possession to be given to the plaintiff, which order shall have the effect of and may be enforced as a judgment in Ejectm
ent.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 Section 172 states;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 \'93}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 If the person summoned appears he may show cause why he refuses to give possession of such land and, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 if he proves to the satisfaction of the judge a right to the possession of the land, the judge shall dismiss the summons with costs against the proprietor, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 mortgage or lessor or he may make any order and impose any terms he may think fit;
\par Provided that the dismissal of the summons shall not prejudice the right of the plaintiff to take any other proceedings against the person summoned to which he may be otherwise entitled:
\par Provided also that in the case of a lessor against a lessee, if the lessee, before the hearing, pay or tender all rent due and all costs incurred by the lessor, the judge shall dismiss the summons.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li6480\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin6480\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730   
\par     }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730     [Emphasis provided]
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid2056730\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
The procedure under Section 169 was explained by Pathik J in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 Deo v Mati}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 2005] FJHC 136; HBC0248j.2004s (16 June 2005) as follows:-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2056730\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid2056730\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 The procedure under s.169 is governed by sections 171 and 172 of the Act which provide respectively as follows:-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2056730\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid2056730\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 \'93s.171. On the day appointed for the hearing of the Summons, if the person summoned does not appear, then upon proof 
to the satisfaction of the Judge of the due service of such summons and upon proof of the title by the proprietor or lessor and, if any consent is necessary, by the production and proof of such consent, the judge may order immediate possession to be given
 to the plaintiff, which order shall have the effect of and may be enforced as a judgment in ejectment.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2056730\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid2056730\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 \'93s.172. If a person summoned appears he may show cause why he refuses to give possession of such land and, if he proves to the satisfaction of the judg
e a right to the possession of the land, the judge shall dismiss the summons with costs against the proprietor, mortgagee or lessor or he may make any order and impose any terms he may think fit.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2056730\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li2160\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid2056730\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 It is for the defendant to \lquote show cause.\rquote 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid14248763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid14248763\charrsid2056730 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (4)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid2056730\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
The Supreme Court in considering the requirements of Section 172 stated in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 Morris Hedstrom Limited v. Liaquat Ali}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730  (Action No. 153/87 at p2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 ) as follows and it is pertinent:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2056730\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid2056730\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 \'93Under Section 172 the person summoned may show cause why he refused to give posses
sion of the land and if he proves to the satisfaction of the judge a right to possession or can establish an arguable defence the application will be dismissed with costs in his favour.  The Defendants must show on affidavit evidence some right to possess
i
on which would preclude the granting of an order for possession under Section 169 procedure.  That is not to say that final or incontrovertible proof of a right to remain in possession must be adduced.  What is required is that some tangible evidence esta
blishing a right or supporting an arguable case for such a right, must be adduced.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2056730\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid14248763 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid14248763\charrsid2056730 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2056730\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (5)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid2056730\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
The requirements of Section 172 have been further elaborated by the Fiji Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 Azmat Ali s/o Akbar Ali}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730  v }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
Mohammed Jalil s/o Mohammed Hanif}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730  (Action No. 44 of 1981 \endash  judgment 2.4.82)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730  where it is stated:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2056730\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid2056730\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 \'93
It is not enough to show a possible future right to possession.  That is an acceptable statement as far as it goes, but the section continues that if the person summoned does show cause the j
udge shall dismiss the summons; but then are added the very wide words \'93or he may make any order and impose any terms he may think fit\'94
 These words must apply, though the person appearing has failed to satisfy the judge, and indeed are often applied when t
he judge decides that an open court hearing is required.  We read the section as empowering the judge to make any order that justice and the circumstances require.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid14248763 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 (C)
\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 THE FACTUAL BACKGROUND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp1033\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
What are the facts here?  It is necessary to approach the case through its pleadings/affidavits, bearing all those legal principles uppermost in my mind.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2056730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp1033\langfenp5129\insrsid8151338 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2056730\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8151338 The Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730  in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8151338 his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid9790794 \lquote Affidavit in Support\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730  deposed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 inter alia;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid2056730\charrsid2056730 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs24\insrsid2056730\charrsid13126407 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid2056730\charrsid5838474 Para   1.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\ul\insrsid13126407\charrsid5838474 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid13126407\charrsid5838474  I am the Plaintiff in the action herein.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid2056730\charrsid5838474 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid13126407\charrsid5838474 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid13126407\charrsid5838474 2.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\ul\insrsid13126407\charrsid5838474 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid13126407\charrsid5838474 
 in so far as the content of this affidavit is within my personal knowledge it is true, in so far as it is not within my personal knowledge it is true to the best of my knowledge and information and belief.
\par 
\par 3.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid13126407\charrsid5838474 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid13126407\charrsid5838474  I am the last registered proprietor of a
ll that piece and parcel of land comprised in Housing Authority Sublease No. 240799, Lot 15 on DP No. 4188 situated in the province of Ba, Tikina of Vuda having an area of 27.5 perches (annexed herein and marked as annexure \'93JN1\'94
 is a copy of the Housing Authority Sublease)
\par 
\par 4.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid13126407\charrsid5838474 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid13126407\charrsid5838474  the occupation by the Defendant and other occupants is without my consent and/or authority.
\par 
\par 5.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid13126407\charrsid5838474 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid13126407\charrsid5838474  I have also caused a notice to vacate to be served on the Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid9118197 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid13126407\charrsid5838474  through my solicitors dated 24}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\super\insrsid13126407\charrsid5838474 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid13126407\charrsid5838474  January, 2012 and which was served on the Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9118197 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid13126407\charrsid5838474 .  (Annexed herein and marked as annexure 
\'93JN2\'94 is a copy of the Notice).
\par 
\par 6.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid13126407\charrsid5838474 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid13126407\charrsid5838474  despite the said notices the Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9118197 s}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid13126407\charrsid5838474  ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9118197 ve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid13126407\charrsid5838474  failed refused and/or neglected to vacate the said premises.

\par 
\par 7.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid13126407\charrsid5838474 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid13126407\charrsid5838474  the Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9118197 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid13126407\charrsid5838474  ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9118197 ve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid13126407\charrsid5838474  also signed the undertaking that they will vacate the Property on or before the 31}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\super\insrsid13126407\charrsid5838474 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid13126407\charrsid5838474  day of December 2015.  (Annexed herein and marked as annexure \'93JN3\'94 is a copy of the Undertaking).

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid15358449\charrsid5838474 
\par 8.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid15358449\charrsid5838474 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9118197  the Defendants are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid15358449\charrsid5838474  in unlawful occupation}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid10687414\charrsid5838474  of the land and do not have any right or interest in the land.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid15358449\charrsid5838474 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid10687414\charrsid5838474 
\par 9.\tab (a)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid10687414\charrsid5838474 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid10687414\charrsid5838474  despite numerous verbal and written requests the 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li3600\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3600\itap0\pararsid10687414 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid10687414\charrsid5838474 Defendants ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid14248763 ve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid10687414\charrsid5838474  refused to give up vacant possession of the land and has to date not vacated the said property.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10687414 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid10687414\charrsid5838474 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab (b)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid10687414\charrsid5838474 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid10687414\charrsid5838474  the Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9118197 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid10687414\charrsid5838474  ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9118197 ve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid10687414\charrsid5838474  become a nuisance to me
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab 10.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid10687414\charrsid5838474 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid10687414\charrsid5838474  I therefore seek the following Orders :-
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li3600\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3600\itap0\pararsid10687414 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid10687414\charrsid5838474 (a)\tab 
Order in terms of this application for immediate vacant possession.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li3600\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3600\itap0\pararsid9118197 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid10687414\charrsid5838474 (b)\tab Cost on a client indemnity basis.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9702179\charrsid9118197 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9702179 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9702179 (3)\tab 
The first named Defendant for her part in seeking to show cause against the Summons, filed an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid9702179\charrsid9790794 \'93Affidavit in Opposition\'94,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid9702179  which is substantially as follows;
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9702179 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9702179\charrsid9702179 Para\tab 1.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\ul\insrsid9702179\charrsid9702179 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9702179\charrsid9702179  I am the 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\super\insrsid9702179\charrsid9702179 st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid9702179\charrsid9702179  named Defendant herein and duly authorised 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9702179 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9702179\charrsid9702179 by my son the 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\super\insrsid9702179\charrsid9702179 nd}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9702179\charrsid9702179  named Defendant to swear this affidavit.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9702179 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9702179 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9702179 
\par \tab \tab \tab 2.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid9702179\charrsid9702179 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9702179  the Plaintiff is my elder brother.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13985730 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9702179 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid9702179 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9702179 4.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\ul\insrsid9702179\charrsid9702179 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9702179  the Plaintiff invited me, my son and my parents to move onto the Plaintiff\rquote 
s property and he further advised my father to sell his property and build a separate two bedroomed house on the Plaintiff\rquote s lease.
\par 
\par 5.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid9702179\charrsid9702179 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9702179 
 he further requested me to look after our elderly parents which I did until their demise.  My father died in 2011 and my mother died in the year 2009.
\par 
\par 6.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid9702179\charrsid9702179 THAT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9702179 I gave approximately $5,000.00 (Five T
housand Dollars) to my father towards the construction of our house and he assured me that in the event of both my dad and mum passing away the house was to be mine.
\par 
\par 7.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid9702179\charrsid13834475 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9702179  shortly after the death of my father; my mother had died earlier, the Plaintiff a
sked us to vacate our house as he wanted to rent the same.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid13985730 9.\tab THAT the Plaintiff filed Civil Action No. 22 of 2013 in the High Court at Lautoka which was dismissed with costs against us in the sum of $500.00 (Five Hundred Dollars).  We have paid the said 
sum.
\par 
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid13985730\charrsid13985730 PROMISSORY ESTOPPEL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid13985730 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid13985730\charrsid13985730 14.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid13985730 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid13985730\charrsid13985730 THE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid13985730  Plaintiff invited us to his land with a assurance that we could stay indefinitely.  There was no indication that our licence to stay would determine on our parents demise.
\par 
\par 15.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid13985730\charrsid13985730 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid13985730 
 the Plaintiff allowed us to build on his land and he now wants the house for himself and this would be unjust enrichment.
\par 
\par 16.\tab THAT the Plaintiff is also estopped from evicting us by reason of his promise to us that we could stay indefinitely provided we paid $150.00 per month rental.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9118197 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid14248763 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li3600\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3600\itap0\pararsid14248763 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid13985730\charrsid2841713 OFFER OF SETTLEMENT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid9702179 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid13985730 \tab \tab \tab (WITHOUT PREJUDICE)
\par 
\par 21.\tab THAT without prejudice to our right to challenge the Plaintiff\rquote s application we respectfully submit to this Honourable Court on a without prejudice basis that if the Plaintiff }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid9118197 is}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid13985730  to pay us the sum of $35,000.00 (Thirty Five Thousand Dollars) we shall vacate and relinquish all our claims to our house.
\par 
\par 22.\tab THAT alternatively, also on a without prejudice basis we respectfully submit that if the Plaintiff were to pay us the sum of $15,000.00 (Fifteen Thousand Dollars) we will dismantle our house and relocate.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2841713 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid2841713 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841713 (4)\tab The Plaintiff filed an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2841713\charrsid9790794 Affidavit in rebuttal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9790794  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841713 deposing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2841713\charrsid2841713 inter alia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2841713 ;
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid5838474 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid5838474 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid5838474\charrsid5838474 Para\tab 1.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid5838474 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid5838474\charrsid5838474 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid5838474  I am the Plaintiff in the action herein and crave to respond to 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid5838474 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid5838474 the affidavit in response filed by the respondent.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5838474 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid5838474 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid5838474 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid5838474 2.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\ul\insrsid5838474\charrsid5838474 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid5838474  in so far as the content of this affidavit is within my personal knowledge it is true, in so far as it is not within my personal knowledge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid14507142  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid5838474 it is true to the best of my knowledge and information and belief.
\par 
\par 3.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid5838474\charrsid5838474 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid5838474  the Plaintiff denies the Respondents affidavit entirely and states that the Respondent on the 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\super\insrsid5838474\charrsid5838474 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid5838474  of June, 2016 appeared in person and informed Court she is willing to vacate the said premises.
\par 
\par 4.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid5838474\charrsid5838474 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid5838474  the learned Master queried the Respo
ndent as to how much time she needed to vacate the said premises and was assisted by Counsel of the Plaintiff that they would not mind giving the Respondent a period of 30 days to vacate the said premises.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid7752055 
\par 5.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid7752055\charrsid7752055 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid7752055  the Respondent acknowledged the same and was also given 7 days to liaise with Legal Aid on the matter.
\par 
\par 6.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid7752055\charrsid7752055 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid7752055  the Respondent has failed to show cause in her response any entitlement she has on the subject property.
\par 
\par 7.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid7752055\charrsid7752055 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid7752055  I therefore seek the following Orders:-
\par 
\par \tab (a)\tab Order in terms of this application for immediate vacant 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid7752055 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid7752055 possession
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid5838474 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid7752055 \tab (b)\tab Cost on a client indemnity basis
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2119005 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid2119005 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid5838474 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid7752055\charrsid5838474 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid15546526 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid7935826 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid4465892\charrsid9702179 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 (D)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs28\ul\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 ANALYSIS
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx1985\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13126407\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
This is an application brought under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid14248763 Section 169 of the Land Transfer Act, [Cap 131]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 .  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid13126407\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
Under Section 169, certain persons may summon a person in possession of land before a judge in chambers to show cause why that person should not be ordered to surrender possession of the land to the Claimant.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
\par \tab For the sake of completeness, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid14248763 Section 169 of the Land Transfer Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 , is \tab \tab \tab reproduced below;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4465892\charrsid13126407 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 169.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \tab 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 The following persons may summon any person in possession 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-2880\li2880\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid13126407\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \tab \tab \tab of land to appear before a judge in chambers to show cause why the person summoned should not give up possession to the applicant:-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab (a)\tab the last registered proprietor of the land;
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab (b)\tab a lessor with power to re-enter where the lessee or tenant is in \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab arrear for such period as may be provided in the lease and, in \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
the absence of any such provision therein, when the lessee or \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab tenant is in arrear for one month, whether there be or be not \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab sufficient distress found on the premises to countervail such \tab 
\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab rent and whether or not any previous demand has been made \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab for the rent;
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 (c) \tab a lessor against a lessee or tenant where a legal notice to quit \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
has been given or the term of the lease has expired.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
\par \tab 
\par \tab I ask myself, under which limb of Section 169 is the application being made?
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13126407\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \tab 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \tab Reference is made to paragraph (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8151338 3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 ) of the affidavit in support of the Originating \tab Summons.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid8151338 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid8151338 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid8151338\charrsid5838474 3.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid8151338\charrsid5838474 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid8151338\charrsid5838474  I am the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid8151338\charrsid8151338 last registered proprietor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid8151338\charrsid5838474 
 of all that piece and parcel of land comprised in Housing Authority Sublease No. 240799, Lot 15 on DP No. 4188 situated in the province of Ba, Tikina of Vuda having an area of 27.5 perches (annexed herein and marked as annexure \'93JN1\'94
 is a copy of the Housing Authority Sublease)
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid9118197 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid8151338 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid9118197 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid9118197 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab   (Emphasis Added)}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid9118197\charrsid9118197 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid8151338 
\par 
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 Section 169 (a) of the Land Transfer Act, Cap 131, requires the Plaintiff to be the \tab \tab last }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 registered proprietor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
 of the land.
\par 
\par \tab The term \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid15420961 proprietor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \'94 is defined in the Land Transfer Act as \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 the registered \tab \tab proprietor of land, or of any estate or interest therein\'94.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4075296\charrsid13126407 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \tab The term \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid15420961 registered}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \'94 is defined in the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid15420961 Interpretation Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 , Cap 7, as \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 registered \tab \tab 
used with reference to a document or the title to any immovable property means \tab \tab registered under the provisions of any written law for the time being applicable to \tab the registration of such document or title\'94
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\tx1134\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13126407\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8151338 According to the Housing Authority Sub-lease No- 240799 (annexure marked JN-1 referred to in the affidavit of the Plaintiff sworn on 18}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\super\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8151338 th }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8151338 May 2016) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid788130 the Plaintiff is the last registered lessee of the subject land. There is no dispute between the parties as to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid788130\charrsid788130 \lquote locus standi\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid788130  of the Plaintiff. The }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid788130\charrsid15420961 Housing Authority Sub-lease No- 240799}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid788130 
 is registered with the Registrar of Titles on 26}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\super\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid788130\charrsid788130 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid788130  August 1986. According to the memorial of the Housing Authority Sub-lease No- 240799, the Plaintiff obtained registered title on 05}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\super\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid788130\charrsid788130 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid788130  August 1993. 
Thus, it seems to me perfectly plain that the Plaintiff holds a registered lease and could be characterised as the last registered proprietor. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid788130 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid8151338 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 On the question of whether a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
lessee}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407  can bring an application under Section }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 169 (a) of the Land Transfer Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 , 
if any authority is required, I need only refer to the sentiments expressed by Master Robinson in \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 Michael Nair v Sangeeta Devi}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \'94, Civil Action No: 2/12, FJHC, decided on 06.02.2013.  The learned Master held;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \'93
The first question then is under which ambit of section 169 is the application being made?  The application could not be made under the second or third limb of the section since the applicant is the lessee and not the lessor as is \tab 
required under these provisions.  But is the applicant a registered proprietor? A proprietor under the Land Transfer Act means the registered proprietor of any land or of an estate or interest therein\'94
.  The registration of the lease under a statutory authority, the iTLTB Act Cap 134, creates a legal interest on the land making the applicant the registered proprietor of the land for the \tab 
purposes of the Land Transfer Act.  He can therefore make an application \tab under section 169 of the Land Transfer Act\'94.  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
The same rule was again applied by the learned Master in \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 Nasarawaqa Co-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 operative Limited v }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 Hari Chand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \'94, Civil Action No: HBC 18 of 2013, decided on \tab 25.04.2014.  The learned Master held;
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \'93
It is clear that the iTLTB as the Plaintiff\rquote s lessor can take an action under \tab 
section 169 to eject the Plaintiff.  This is provided for under paragraphs [b] &[c].  For the lessor to be able to eject the tenant or the lessee it must have a registered lease.  It is not in dispute that the Plaintiff holds a registered lease, the lease
 is an \'93Instrument of Tenancy\'94 issued by the iTLTB under the Agricultural Landlord and Tenancy Act.  It is for all intents and purposes a \tab 
native lease and was registered on the 29 November 2012 and registered in book 2012 folio 11824.  It is registered und
er the register of deeds.  There is nothing in section 169 that prevents a lessor ejecting a lessee from the land as long as the lease is registered.  How will the lessee then eject a trespasser if the lessor in the same lease can use section 169?  The le
ssee under section 169 can eject a trespasser simply because the lessee is the last registered \tab 
proprietor.  The Plaintiff does not have to hold a title in fee simple to become a proprietor as long as he/she is the last registered proprietor.  A proprietor is \tab defined in the Land Transfer Act as \'93proprietor\'94
 means the registered proprietor of land, or of any estate or interest therein\'94.  The Plaintiff has an \tab interest by virtue of the instrument of tenancy and therefore fits the above definition and can bring the action under section 169.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
A somewhat similar situation as this was considered by His Lordship Justice K.A. \tab Stuart in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 Housing Authority v Muniappa}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 1977, FJSC.)  His Lordship held that the \tab Plaintiff Housing Authority holds a registered lease therefore it could be \tab 
characterised as the last registered proprietor.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
\par 
\par \tab In  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 Habib v Prasad}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
 [2012] FJHC 22, Hon. Madam Justice AngalaWati said;
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \'93The word registered is making reference to registration of land and 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-2880\li2880\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \tab 
not the \tab nature of land.  If the land is registered either in the Registrar of Titles Office or in the Deeds Office, it is still registered land.  This land has been registered on 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang1033\langfe5129\super\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
 March, 2004 and is registered at the Registrar of Deeds Office, it is still registered land.  The registration is sufficient to meet the definition of registered in the Interpretation 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \tab \tab \tab \tab 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li2160\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
Act Cap 7:-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab \'93Registered\'94 used with reference to a document or the title to any 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab immoveable property means registered under the provision of any 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab written law for the time being applicable to the registration of such
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab document or title\'94.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
Applying the aforesaid principles to the instant case, I am driven to th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15420961 e conclusion that the Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid788130 is the last registered proprietor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407  of the land comprised in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid788130 Housing Authority Sub-lease No- 240799.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15420961\charrsid13126407 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp1033\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
Pursuant to Section 170 of the Land Transfer Act;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
\par \tab \tab \tab (1)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 the Summons shall contain a \'93description of the Land\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab AND
\par 
\par \tab \tab \tab (2)   \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 shall require the person summoned to appear in the court \tab \tab \tab \tab on a day not earlier than \'93
sixteen days\'94 after the service of \tab \tab \tab \tab Summons. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid4465892 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid788130 
\par 
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 The interval of not less than 16 days is allowed to give reasonable time for \tab 
deliberations and to prevent undue haste or surprise.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \tab I ask myself, are these requirements sufficiently complied with by the Plaintiff?
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
The Originating Summons filed by the Plaintiff does contain a description of the subject land.  The subject land is sufficiently described.  For the sake of completeness, the Originating Summons is reproduced below.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
ORIGINATING SUMMONS
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11435131 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid11435131 \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid13126407 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid11435131\charrsid11435131 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid11435131 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid11435131\charrsid11435131  The Defendant to show cause why }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid13070491 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid11435131\charrsid11435131 he should not give up immediate vacant possession to the Plaintiff of that portion of all that piece and parcel of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\insrsid11435131\charrsid15420961 land comprised in Housing Authority Sublease No. 240799, Lot 15 on DP No. 4188 situated in the province of Ba, Tikina of Vuda having an area of 27.5 perches}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid11435131\charrsid11435131  which the Defendant is occupying.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid11435131 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid11435131 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid11435131 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\fs22\insrsid11435131 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\qj \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid11435131 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid11435131 An Order that the Defendant give immediate vacant possession to 
the Plaintiff of that portion of all that piece and parcel of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid11435131\charrsid15420961 
 land comprised in Housing Authority Sublease No. 240799, Lot 15 on DP No. 4188 situated in the province of Ba, Tikina of Vuda having an area of 27.5 perches}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid11435131  which the Defendant is occupying.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11435131 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid11435131 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid788130\charrsid11435131 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li5760\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid788130 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid11435131            }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 (Emphasis Added)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
In light of the above, I have no doubt personally and I am clearly of opinion that the first mandatory requirement of Section 170 of the Land Transfer Act has been complied with.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4075296\charrsid13126407 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang1033\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langnp1033\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 Now comes a most relevant and, as I think, 
crucial second mandatory requirement of Section 170 of the Land Transfer Act.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid13126407\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 The Originating Summons was returnable on 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\super\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid788130  June}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407  2016.  According to the Affidavit of Service filed by the Plaintiff, the Originating Summons was served on the Defenda}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15948861 nts}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407  on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15948861 26}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\super\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15948861\charrsid15948861 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15948861  May }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 2016.
\par 
\par Therefore, the Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15948861 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15948861 are }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
summoned to appear at the Court on a date not earlier than \'93sixteen days\'94 after the Service of Summons.  Therefore, the second mandatory requirement of Section 170 of the Land Transfer Act too has been complied with.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\dbch\af0\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid11435131 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (4)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11435131\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13126407\charrsid11435131 To sum up; having carefully considered the pleadings,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11435131  evidence and oral submissions }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13126407\charrsid11435131 placed\tab before this Court, it is quite possible}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15948861\charrsid11435131  to say that the Plaintiff has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11435131  satisfied the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13126407\charrsid11435131 threshold criteria spelt out in Section 169 and 170 of the Land Transfer Act. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13070491 The Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15948861\charrsid11435131  has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13126407\charrsid11435131  established a prima facie right to possession. 

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid13126407\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
\par Now the onus is on the Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15948861 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407  to establish a lawful right or title under which }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15948861 they are 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 entitled to remain in possession.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid13126407\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
In the context of the present case, I am comforted by the rule of law expounded in the following judicial decisions.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \tab 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi709\li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
In the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 Vana Aerhart Raihman v Mathew Chand}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 , Civil Action No: 184 of \tab 2012, decided on 30.10.2012, the High Court held;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \tab \tab 
\tab 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
There is no dispute between parties as to the locus standi\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab of the Plaintiff, and once this is established the burden of \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab proof shifted to the Defendant to prove his right to \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
possession in \tab terms of the Section 172 of the Land \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab Transfer Act.\'94
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \tab In the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
Morris HedstromLimited \endash v- Liaquat Ali}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407  CA No: 153/87, the \tab Supreme Court said that:-
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \'93
Under Section 172 the person summoned may show cause why he refused to give possession of the land and if he proves to the satisfaction of the Judge a right to possession or can establish an arguable defence the application will \tab 
be dismissed with costs in his favour.  The Defendants must show on affidavit evidence some right to possession which would preclude the granting of an order for possession under Section 169 procedure.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407   That is not to say that final or incontrovertible proof of a right to remain in possession must be adduced.  What is required is that some tangible evidence establishing a \tab 
right or supporting an arguable case for such a right must be adduced.\'94  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\tab \tab \tab \tab \tab             }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 (Emphasis is mine)
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang1033\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi18\li709\ri1229\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1229\lin709\itap0\pararsid13126407\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 Also it is necessary to refer to Section 172 of the Land Transfer Act, which states;
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2160\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \'93}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 If the person summoned appears he may show cause why he refuses to give possession of such land and, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 if he proves to the satisfaction of the judge a right to the possession of the land, the judge shall dismiss the summons with costs against the proprietor, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 mortgage or lessor or he may make any order \tab and impose any terms he may think fit; Provided that th
e dismissal of the summons shall not prejudice the right of the \tab plaintiff to take any other proceedings against the person summoned to which \tab he may be otherwise entitled:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi4\li2160\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
Provided also that in the case of a lessor against a lessee, if the lessee, before the hearing, pay or tender all rent due and all costs incurred by the lessor, the judge shall dismiss the summons\'94.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li5760\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5760\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 \tab \tab \tab \tab          }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 [Emphasis provided]

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 

\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid7365235 5}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4075296 Turning now to the application, a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 t the commencement of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4075296  oral}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407  hearing before the c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15948861 ourt, counsel fo
r the Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407  raised an objection to the Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15948861 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407  Affidavit in Opposition.  It was contend}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15948861 ed by Counsel for the Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 
 that the Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15948861 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407  
\lquote Affidavit in Opposition\rquote  is defective  as it has not been indorsed with the note as is mandatorily required under Order 41, rule 9 (2) of the High Court Rules, 1988.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13126407 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 It is true that the Affidavit in Opposition filed by the Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15948861 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407  lacked the mandatory indorsement of Order 41, rule 9 (2).

\par 
\par However, I grant necessary leave pursuant to Order 41, rule 4 for the Affidavit in Opposition filed by the Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15948861 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407  to be used in evidence in these proceedings.
\par 
\par See;  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407\charrsid13126407 Chandrika Pr}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13126407 
asad v State (2001) (2)  FLR 39}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid15546526 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4465892 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe5129\langnp5129\langfenp5129\insrsid4465892 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10362946 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15420961 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10362946 (6)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15948861\charrsid13715154 What are the Defendants reasons refusing to deliver vacant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1781533\charrsid13715154 possession?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15948861\charrsid13715154 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15948861 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13715154 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1781533 The application for vacant possession is opposed by the Defendants on various reasons expressly set out in the affidavit in opposition. There is a considerable amount of overlap be
tween one reason and another and that it is more likely to be helpful for them to be looked at cumulatively rather than separately. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10362946 As I understand the objections, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1781533 he Defendants reasons raise the question }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13715154 of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13715154\charrsid3375101 \lquote promissory}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15336866\charrsid3375101  or equitable estoppel, equitable interest and unjust enrichment\rquote .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid10362946   }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10362946\charrsid10362946 The reasons fall within a very small compass.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15948861\charrsid10362946 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15948861 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15336866 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4465892\charrsid15948861 
Reference is made to paragraph (4), (5), (6), (7), (14) and (15) of the First Defendant\rquote s Affidavit in Opposition.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15546526 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid16478594 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid201653 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid201653\charrsid201653 Para}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid201653\charrsid201653 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid201653\charrsid201653 4.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid201653 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid201653\charrsid9702179 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid201653  the Plaintiff invited me, my son and my parents to move onto 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid201653 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid201653 the Plaintiff\rquote 
s property and he further advised my father to sell his property and build a separate two bedroomed house on the Plaintiff\rquote s lease.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid201653 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid201653 
\par 5.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid201653\charrsid9702179 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid201653  he further requested me to look after 
our elderly parents which I did until their demise.  My father died in 2011 and my mother died in the year 2009.
\par 
\par 6.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid201653\charrsid9702179 THAT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid201653 
I gave approximately $5,000.00 (Five Thousand Dollars) to my father towards the construction of our house and he assured me that in the event of both my dad and mum passing away the house was to be mine.
\par 
\par 7.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid201653\charrsid13834475 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid201653 
 shortly after the death of my father; my mother had died earlier, the Plaintiff asked us to vacate our house as he wanted to rent the same.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid201653 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid201653 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid201653 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid201653 \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\ul\insrsid201653\charrsid13985730 PROMISSORY ESTOPPEL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid201653 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid201653\charrsid13985730 14.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid201653 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid201653\charrsid13985730 THE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid201653 
 Plaintiff invited us to his land with a assurance that we could stay indefinitely.  There was no indication that our licence to stay would determine on our parents demise.
\par 
\par 15.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid201653\charrsid13985730 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid201653  the Plaintiff allowed us to build on his land and he now wants the house 
for himself and this would be unjust enrichment.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15546526 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid201653 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid201653 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid201653\charrsid201653 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx1440\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13715154 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13715154 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7365235 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7365235 (7)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13715154 
Let me now move to consider the first ground of objection raised by the Defendants i.e.,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13715154\charrsid13715154  the promissory or equitable estoppel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13715154  
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\tx1440\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13715154 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13715154 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\tx-270\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7365235 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid201653 (Reference is made to p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13715154 aragraph (4), (5), (6) and (14) of the Defendants affidavit in opposition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid201653 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid201653 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid201653 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2177887 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid201653 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2160\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid2177887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid2177887\charrsid201653 Para}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid2177887\charrsid201653 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid2177887\charrsid201653 4.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid2177887 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid2177887\charrsid9702179 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid2177887  the Plaintiff invited me, my son and my parents to move onto 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid2177887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid2177887 the Plaintiff\rquote 
s property and he further advised my father to sell his property and build a separate two bedroomed house on the Plaintiff\rquote s lease.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid2177887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid2177887 
\par 5.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid2177887\charrsid9702179 THAT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid2177887  he further requested me to look after our elderly parents which I did until their demise.  My father die
d in 2011 and my mother died in the year 2009.
\par 
\par 6.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid2177887\charrsid9702179 THAT }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid2177887 
I gave approximately $5,000.00 (Five Thousand Dollars) to my father towards the construction of our house and he assured me that in the event of both my dad and mum passing away the house was to be mine.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid201653 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid201653 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid2177887 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid2177887\charrsid13985730 14.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid2177887 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid2177887\charrsid13985730 THE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid2177887 
 Plaintiff invited us to his land with a assurance that we could stay indefinitely.  There was no indication that our licence to stay would determine on our parents demise.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid201653 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2177887 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13715154 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4653602 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11217367 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4653602 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10362946 
8}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid4653602 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11217367 first ground of objection }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 requires some examination of the law regarding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11217367 \'93Promissory or }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 equitable estoppel.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10625980\charrsid11217367 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10625980 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid15420961 Spry}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980  in his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid15420961 \'93
Principles of Equitable Remedies\'94 4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\super\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid15420961 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid15420961  Edition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
 1990 page 179 sets out the basic principles of equitable proprietary estoppel as follows:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f10\fs22\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 \loch\af10\dbch\af31506\hich\f10 \'d8\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\qj \fi-360\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 The Plaintiff 
assumed that a particular legal relationship then existed between the plaintiff and the defendants or expected that a particular legal relationship would exist between them and, in the latter case that the defendant would not be free to withdraw from the 
expected legal relationship.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f10\fs22\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 \loch\af10\dbch\af31506\hich\f10 \'d8\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\qj \fi-360\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
The Plaintiff has induced the defendant to adopt that assumption or expectation.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f10\fs22\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 \loch\af10\dbch\af31506\hich\f10 \'d8\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\qj \fi-360\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
The Plaintiff acts or abstains from acting in reliance on the assumption or expectation.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f10\fs22\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 \loch\af10\dbch\af31506\hich\f10 \'d8\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\qj \fi-360\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
The defendant knew or intended him to do so.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe1033\dbch\af31506\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f10\fs22\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 \loch\af10\dbch\af31506\hich\f10 \'d8\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\qj \fi-360\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 The Plaintiff\rquote 
s action or inaction will occasion detriment if the assumption or expectation is not fulfilled.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f10\fs22\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 \loch\af10\dbch\af31506\hich\f10 \'d8\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\qj \fi-360\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
The defendant has failed to act to avoid that detriment whether by fulfilling the assumption or expectation or otherwise.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10625980\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 \tab Lord Kingsdown in the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 Ramsden v Dyson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980  (1865) L.R. 1 H.L. 129 said at p. \tab 140;
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 \'93
If a man under a verbal agreement with a landlord for a certain interest in land or what amounts to the same thing under the expectation created or encouraged by the landlord, that he shall have a certain interest, takes possession of such land with the c
onsent of the landlord, and upon the faith of such promise or expectation with the knowledge of the landlord and without any objections by him, lays out money upon the land, a Court of Equity will compel the landlord to give effect to such promise or expe
ctation.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 \tab Also at p. 140 Lord Cransworth L.C. said:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
\par \'93If a stranger begins to build on any land supposing it to be his own and I perceiving his mistake, abstain setting him right, and leave him to persevere in his error, a court of equity will not allow
 me afterwards to assert my title to the land in which he had expended money on the supposition that the land was his own.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10362946\charrsid10625980 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15420961 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
Promissory or equitable estoppel is described in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid15420961 Halsburys Laws of England, Fourth Edition, Volume 16}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 , at paragraph 1514:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 \'93
When one party has, by his words or conduct, made to the other a clear and unequivocal promise or assurance which was intended to affect the legal relations between them and to be acted on accordingly, then, once the other party  has taken him at his word
 and acted on it, the one who gave the promise or assurance cannot afterwards be allowed to revert to their previous legal \tab 
relations as if no such promise or assurance had been made by him, but he must accept their legal relations subject to the qualification  which he himself has so introduced.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid13715154 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10362946 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13715154 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid15420961 Snell\rquote 
s Equity (13}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\super\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid15420961 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid15420961  Ed),
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980  at para 39 \endash  12 states that:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 \'93
Proprietary estoppel is one of the qualifications to the general rule that a person who spends money or improving the property of another has no claim to reimbursement or to any proprietary interest in the property\'94.
\par 
\par Proprietary estoppel, unlike promissory estoppel, is permanent in its effect.  It is capable even of conferring a right of action.  For it to apply there must exist essential elements or co
nditions.  The Court, in Denny v. Jensen [1977] NZLR 635 identified four conditions namely, as p.638.
\par 
\par \'93There must be expenditure, a mistaken belief, conscious silence on the part of the owner of the land and no bar to the equity\'94.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10362946 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10362946\charrsid10625980 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
\par Megarry J in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid15420961 In re Vendervell\rquote s Trust (No. 2) [1974] CH 269}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980  describes the \tab essential elements this way, at p. 301,
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 \'93\'85
 the person to be estopped (I shall call him O, to represent the owner of the property in question), must know not merely that the person doing the acts (whi
ch I shall call) was incurring the expenditure in the mistaken belief that A already owned or would obtain a sufficient interest in the property to justify the expenditure, but also that he, O, was entitled to object to the expenditure. Knowing this, O ne
vertheless stood by without enlightening A. The equity is based on unconscionable behaviour by O; it must be shown by strong and cogent evidence that he knew of A\rquote 
s mistake, and nevertheless dishonestly remained wilfully passive in order to profit by the mistake\'94.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
\par 
\par 
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 In}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 Denny v. Jensen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980  [1977] }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 1 NZLR 635 at 639, Justice White very aptly \tab summarised the doctrine as follows:-
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 \'93In Snell\rquote 
s Principles of Equity (27 Ed) 565 it is stated that proprietary estoppel is\'94 \'85 capable of operating positively so far as to confer a right of action\'94.  It is \'93one of the qualifications\'94
 to the general rule that a person who spends money on improving the property of another has no claim to reimbursement or to any proprietary interest in that property.  In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 Plimmer v}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 Willington City Corporation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
 (1884) 9 App Cas 699; NZPCC 250 it was stated by the Privy Council that\'94\'85 the equity arising from expenditure on land need not fail merely on the ground that the interest to be secured has not been \tab expressly indicated\'94
 (ibid, 713, 29).  After referring to the cases, including \tab Ramsden v Dyson (1866) LR 1 HL 129, the opinion of the Privy Council continued, \'93 
In fact, the court must look at the circumstances in each case to decide in what way the equity can be satisfied\'94  (9 App Cas 699), 714; NZPCC 250, 260).  In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 Chalmers v Pardoe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980   [1963] 1 WLR 677; [1963] 3 All \tab 
ER 552 (PC) a person expending money was held entitled to a charge on the same principle.  The principle was again applied by the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
Inwards v Baker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980  [1965]2 QB 29; [1965] 1 All ER 446.  There a son had built on land owned by his father who died leaving his estate to others.  Lord Dennin
g MR, with whom Danckwerts and Salon LJJ agreed, said that all that was necessary:
\par 
\par \'93\'85 is that the licencee should, at the request or with the encouragement of the \tab landlord, have spent the money in expectation of being allowed to stay there.  \tab If so, the 
court will not allow that expectation to be defeated where it would be inequitable so to do\'94. (ibid, 37, 449).
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab 
\tab \tab \tab \tab             }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 (Emphasis Added)
\par 
\par 
\par \tab 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
Hon. Mr Justice Deepthi Amaratunga observed in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 Vishwa Nand v Rajendra Kumar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980  \tab (Civil \tab Action \tab HBC 271 of 2012) that;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 \'93
The general rule, however is that \'93liabilities are not to be forced upon people behind their backs\'94 and four conditions must be satisfied before proprietary estoppel applies.  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 There must be an expenditure, a mistaken belief, conscious silence on the part of the owner of the land and no bar to the equity.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab             (Emphasis Added)
\par \tab 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
\par 
\par Hon. Madam Justice Anjala Wati in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 Wilfred Thomas Peter v Hira Lal and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 Farasiko}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980   (Labasa HBC 40 of 2009) held that;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 \'93
I must analyse whether the four conditions have been met for the defence of \tab proprietary estoppel to apply.  The conditions are:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab i.\tab An expenditure
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab ii.\tab A mistaken belief
\par \tab \tab \tab \tab iii.\tab Conscious silence on the part of the owner of the land
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10625980 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid10625980\charrsid10625980 \tab \tab \tab \tab iv.\tab No bar to the equity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid10625980 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10625980 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid10625980 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14100727 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11217367 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11217367 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11217367 Returning back to the case before me}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2099915 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11217367  it is not disputed that the subject land is \lquote Housing Authority Sub-lease\rquote 
 and the Plaintiff is the last registered lessee.  The Housing Authority is the lessor.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11217367 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11217367 
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11217367\charrsid15420961 Clause 2 of the Housing Authority Sub-lease}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15420961  No- 240799}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11217367  (Annexure marked JN-1 referred to in the Affidavit of Plaintiff) provides;
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14100727 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11217367 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11217367\charrsid7996112 The lessee shall not transfer ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7996112\charrsid7996112 mortgage}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11217367\charrsid7996112 
, assign ,sublet or part with the possession of or alienate or deal with the demised land or any building thereon or any part thereof without the written consent of the lessor }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid7996112\charrsid7996112 
first had and obtained which consent may be withheld in the absolute discretion of the lessor \'93.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid11217367\charrsid7996112 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11217367 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7996112 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7996112 In my view, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14100727 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15624732 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14100727 arrangement}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15624732 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14100727  entered into between the Plaintiff and the Defendants amounted to granting the Defendants permission to enjoy occupation of the land comprised in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid7996112  Housing Authority sub-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14100727 lease and to erect a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7996112 dwelling }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14100727 house thereon as the Defendants wished.  It is true that the \'93arrangement\'94 did not amount to a formal sub-lease of the land }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13715154 or}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14100727  to a formal transfer of the Plaintiff\rquote s (lessees) interest in the land comprised in the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7996112  Housing Authority Sub-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14100727  lease.  The least possible legal effect which in my opinion could be given to this arrangement would be to describe it as a licence to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7996112  occupy coupled with possession,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14100727  granted by the lessee (Plaintiff) to the Defendants.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10625980 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14100727 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14100727 
\par In my view, the granting of such a licence and possession constitutes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6048878  \lquote dealing with the demised land\rquote  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14100727 with
out the written consent of the head lessor (Housing Authority) first had and obtained.  It was not disputed that the Housing Authority has not given written consent to the arrangement entered into between the Plaintiff and the Defendants.
\par 
\par Thus, the purpor
ted arrangement is illegal and unenforceable as a consequence of the operation of Clause 2 of the Housing Authority Sub-lease No:- 240799.  The purported arrangement is entered into in contravention of Clause 2 of the Housing Authority sub-lease.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7996112 Thus, the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14100727  purported arrangement is null and void }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid14100727\charrsid14100727 
ab initio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid14100727  and has no effect or force in the eyes of the law.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16386158 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid16386158\charrsid6048878 The Defendants cannot plead promissory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7996112\charrsid6048878  or equitable}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid16386158\charrsid6048878  estoppel due to the illegality of the arrangement.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16386158 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7996112\charrsid3375101 Moreover, the Defendants get}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid16386158\charrsid3375101  no}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid16386158\charrsid3375101  equity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid16386158\charrsid3375101  by reasons of their expenditure (viz, the payment of $5000.00 for the construction of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7996112\charrsid3375101  dwelling house and the payment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid16386158\charrsid3375101  of rentals) on the land due to the illegality in the purported arrangement.  
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16386158 
\par The consent of the Housing Authority was admittedly not obtained prior to entering into the purported arrangement, which thus becomes unlawful and acquires all the attributes of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7996112 
illegality.  An equitable charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16386158  or promissory estoppel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6048878 or equity }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16386158 
cannot be brought into by an unlawful transaction and the Defendants claim to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7996112  such a charge}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16386158  must therefore fail.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6048878 One which I think worth mentioning is that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7996112 he Plaintiff\rquote s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16386158 
 claim for possession is based on the independent and untainted grounds of his registered ownership.
\par 
\par The Plaintiff being the registered owner of the land is entitled to recover possession because his right to possession does not depend on the illegal arrangement but rested }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7996112 on }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16386158 his registered ownership and the Defendants cannot rely on the arrangement because of its illegality they cannot justify their remain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7996112 ing}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid16386158  in possession.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7996112 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7996112\charrsid2099915 Therefore, I reject the first ground of objection as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6048878\charrsid2099915 being }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid7996112\charrsid2099915 wholly }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6048878\charrsid2099915 lacking in substance.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid7996112\charrsid2099915 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2294906 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid2294906 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906 (9)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6048878 One word more, t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906 he Plaintiff obtained }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7996112 registered title }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2294906 on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7996112 05}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\super\insrsid7996112\charrsid7996112 th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7996112  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906  August }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7996112 1993}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906  and his title is not subject to an \lquote equitable claim\rquote  or 
\lquote encumbrance\rquote , because at the time of registration there was no any legal agreement affecting the subject land or an agreement which is enforceable either at law or in equity.  There is no valid cont
ract or an agreement registered against the Title of the Plaintiff.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid6048878 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906 \tab As I understand the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7996112 affidavit in opposition, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906 the Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7996112 s do}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2294906  not allege }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2294906\charrsid12006319 fraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906  against the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13715154 Plaintiff.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid2294906 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906 \tab 
Therefore, I am clearly of the opinion that the Plaintiff\rquote s title cannot be impeac
hed. Section 39 of the Land Transfer Act provides that a registered proprietor, except in case of Fraud, holds the land free from all encumbrances except those registered against title.
\par 
\par \tab Returning back to the case before me, there is no evidence whatsoever that the Plaintiff had acquired his registered title to the land through fraud; and in fact no allegation of fraud has been made against him. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid13715154 Thus, I }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906 would hold that the title of the Plaintiff to the subject Land is not subject to any interest, equitable or otherwise, of the Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7996112 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2294906 Therefore, the first ground}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3375101 
 of objection}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2294906  fails.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906 
\par 
\par \tab In this regard, I am comforted by the following legislative provisions and the rule of law expounded in the following judicial decisions.
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2294906 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2294906\charrsid15420961 Sections 38 and 39 (1) of the La
nd Transfer Act,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906  can be regarded as the basis of the concept of \'93indefeasibility of title\'94
 of a registered proprietor.  Under Torrens System of land law the registration is everything and only exception is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2294906\charrsid1785593 fraud.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid2294906\charrsid14247942 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906 
\par I should quote Section 38 and 39 (1) of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2294906\charrsid13715154 Land Transfer Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906 , which provides;
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2294906 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2294906\charrsid13715154 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Section 38 provides;
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li2115\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2115\itap0\pararsid2294906 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid2294906\charrsid13715154 R}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid2294906\charrsid15011436 
egistered instrument to be conclusive evidence of title
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2294906 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid2294906\charrsid15011436 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li2835\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2835\itap0\pararsid2294906 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid2294906\charrsid15011436 \'93
38. No instrument of title registered under the provisions of this Act shall be impeached or defeasible by reason or on account of any informality or in any application or document or in any proceedings previous to the registration of the instrument of ti
tle. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid2294906 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid2294906\charrsid15011436 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2294906 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2294906 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2294906\charrsid13715154 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Section 39 (1) provides;
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1440\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2294906\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li2835\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2835\itap0\pararsid2294906\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid2294906\charrsid15011436 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 
\'93\loch\f0 39-(1) Notwithstanding the existence in any other person of any estate or interest, whether derived by grant from the Crown or otherwise, which but for this Act might be held to be paramount or to have priority, the regis
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
tered proprietor of any land subject to the provisions of this Act, or of any estate or interest therein, shall except in case of fraud, hold the same subject to such encumbrances as may be notified on the folium if the register, constituted by the instru
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 m\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 ent of title thereto, but absolutely free from all other encumbrances whatsoever except\'85
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2294906 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2294906 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906\charrsid11488872 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
I am conscious of the fact that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2294906\charrsid13715154 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Section 40}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906\charrsid11488872 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of the Land Transfer Act seeks to dispel Notice of a Trust or unregistered interest in existence in the following manner;
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \li1440\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2294906\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li2835\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2835\itap0\pararsid2294906\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid2294906\charrsid15011436 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
40. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid2294906\charrsid15011436 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Except in the case of fraud}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2294906\charrsid15011436 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid2294906\charrsid15011436 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
no person contracting or dealing with or taking or proposing to take a transfer from the proprietor of any estate or interest in land subject to the provisions of this Act shall be required or in any manner concerned to inq\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
uire or ascertain the circumstances in or the consideration for which such proprietor or in any previous proprietor of such estate or interest is or was registered, or to see to the application of the purchase money or any thereof, or shall be affected by
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 notice, direct or constructive, of any trust or unregistered interest, any rule of law or equity to the contrary 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 notwithstanding, and the knowledge that any such trust or unregistered interest is in existence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\insrsid2294906\charrsid15011436 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
shall not of itself be imputed as fraud.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid2294906\charrsid15011436 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0                                  
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi45\li6435\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin6435\itap0\pararsid2294906\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
            (Emphasis added)
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2294906 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2294906 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906\charrsid11488872 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 With regard to the concept of \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2294906\charrsid1785593 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 indefeasibility of title of a registered proprietor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906\charrsid11488872 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0 , the following passage from the case of}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906\charrsid12729393 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2294906\charrsid12729393 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2294906\charrsid10249910 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Eng Mee Young and Others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2294906\charrsid11488872 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2294906 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (1980) AC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2294906\charrsid10249910 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  331}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid2294906\charrsid10249910 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906\charrsid11488872 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 is apt and I adopt it \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 here;}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906\charrsid676480 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \li2835\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2835\itap0\pararsid2294906\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2294906 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid2294906\charrsid15011436 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 
The Torrens system of land registration and conveyancing as applied in Malaya by the National Land Code, has as one of its principle objects to give certainty to land and registrable interests in land.  Since the instant case is concerned with Titl
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
e to the land itself their Lordships will confine their remarks to this, though similar principles apply to other registrable interests.  By s.340 the title of any person to land of which he is registered as proprietor is indefeasible except in cases of f
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 r\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
aud, forgery or illegality and even in such cases a bond fide purchase for value can safely deal with the registered proprietor and will acquire from him on indefensible registered title.\'94
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2294906 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3550719 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid2294906 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid14100727 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12729393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12729393 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15420961 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid7365235\charrsid7365235 (10)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid7365235  \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12729393\charrsid13918254 S}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12729393 uffic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15420961 
e it to say that the Defendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12729393  stance will not stand as,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12729393  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid12729393\charrsid15420961 Section 59 (d) of \tab the \lquote Indemnity, Guarantee and bailment Act\rquote  (Cap 232)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12729393  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15420961 states that no action shall be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12729393 brought upon }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12729393\charrsid13918254 
any contract or sale of lands or any interest}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15420961  in them unless the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12729393 agreement upon which such action is brought or 
a memorandum thereof }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15420961 is in writing. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6048878 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6048878 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12729393 Quite plainly this provision is designed to prevent fraud.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12729393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12729393 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12729393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12729393\charrsid4472062 
No such writing is in evidence in the present case. There is no shred of evidence tending to establish such writing. Accordingly, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3550719 purported arrangement is invalid and unenforceable.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12729393 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12729393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12729393 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12729393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12729393 
\par For the sake of completeness, Section 59 (d) of the act is reproduced below.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12729393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12729393 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi-1418\li1418\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid12729393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12729393 \tab \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12729393 59.\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12729393 No action shall be brought-
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12729393 \tab \tab \tab (a)\tab \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85
\par \tab \tab \tab (b)\tab \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85
\par \tab \tab \tab (c)\tab \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi-720\li2880\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid12729393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12729393 (d)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12729393 upon any contract or sale of lands, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12729393 tenements or      hereditaments\tab  or any interest in or concerning them; or
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12729393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12729393 
\par \tab \tab \tab (e)\tab \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li2160\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid12729393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12729393 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12729393 Unless the agreement upon which such action is to be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12729393 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12729393 
brought or some memorandum or note thereof is in writing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12729393 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12729393 and signed by the party to be charged there or some other 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12729393 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid12729393 person thereunto by him lawfully authorised.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12729393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12729393 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \fi720\li5040\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin5040\itap0\pararsid12729393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12729393                          }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid12729393\charrsid10097333 (Emphasis added)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12729393 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid12729393 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid15420961 
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid1712112 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 (1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 )\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid12535946 Let me now move to consider the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid12535946\charrsid13070491 second ground of objection}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid12535946  i.e,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid12535946\charrsid12535946  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid12535946\charrsid10753479 unjust enrichment.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid12535946  It is not disputed that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3550719 
he construction of a dwelling house on the land by the Defendants and the subsequent payment of rentals to the Plaintiff lacked the knowledge and the prior consent of the Housing Authority as head lessor. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112   Thus, the issues of compensation from improvements cannot justify continual occupation of the property.  Any prejudice to the Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3550719 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112  from the improvements to the land }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3375101 they have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 
 made can be dealt with by way of a separate action against the landlord seeking compensation for those improvements.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7818498  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7818498\charrsid397699 As a matter of equity}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid397699\charrsid397699 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7818498\charrsid397699 
 I consider the Defendants would be entitled to at least some compensation. The Defendants should pursue such claims by separate proceedings. The fact that improvements were made is not really an answer to the Plaintiffs application for vacant possession.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid397699\charrsid397699  It is for the Defendants in occupation to establish their title if they are to defeat the legal title which the Plaintiff clearly has.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112\charrsid397699 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7818498 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid397699 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid7818498 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid7818498 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 The Fiji Court of Appeal in 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 Ram Chand v Ram Chandar}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 
, Appeal No:- ABU 0021, 2002 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 observed that the mere fact that 
a tenant carries out improvements without the consent of his or her landlord does not give him a right to continue occupation of the land, if the landlord is otherwise lawfully entitled to it.  The fact that improvements are made is not really an answer t
o a landlord\rquote s application for possession.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-709\li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid1712112 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3550719 
\par \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3550719\charrsid3375101 Therefore, the second ground of objection fails.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid1712112 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1712112 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 (1}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112 2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 )\tab 
To sum up, for the reasons which I have endeavoured to explain, it is clear beyond question that the Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3550719 s have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112  failed to show cause to remain in possession as required under Section 172 of the Land Transfer Act.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1712112 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1712112 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 
At this point, I cannot resist in reiterating the judicial thinking reflected in the following judicial decisions; 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1712112\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Morris Hedstrom\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Limited v Liaquat Ali,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  CA No, 153/87, the \tab Supreme Court held,
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid1712112\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri1088\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx-142\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1088\lin2880\itap0\pararsid1712112\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 
\loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Under Section 172 the person summonsed may show cause why he refused to give possession of the land if he proves to the satisfaction of the Judge a right to possession or can establish an ar\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
guable defence the application will be dismissed with costs in his \tab favour.  The Defendants must show on affidavit evidence some right to possession which would preclude the granting of an order for possession under Section 169 procedure. }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 That is not to \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
say that final or incontrovertible proof of a right to remain in possession must be adduced. What is required is that some tangible evidence establishing a right or supporting an arguable case for a right must be adduced.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri-46\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx-142\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin-46\lin2880\itap0\pararsid1712112\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 \tab \tab 
\tab \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0       }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 (Emphasis is mine)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1712112\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 
\par 
\par \tab \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 In  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Shankar v Ram,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (2012) FJHC 823; HBC 54.2010, the Court held;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx709\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid1712112\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri1088\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1088\lin2880\itap0\pararsid1712112\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 
\loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 What the Defendant needs to satisfy is not a fully \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0 
 fledged right recognized in law, to remain possession but some tangible evidence establishing a right or some evidence supporting an ar\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
guable case for such a right to remain in possession. So, even in a case where the Defendant is unable to establish a complete right to possession, if he can satisfy an arguable case for a right still he would be successful in this action for eviction, to
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 remain in possession.\'94
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1418\ri1088\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx1418\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin1088\lin1418\itap0\pararsid1712112\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1712112\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15420961 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Being guided by those words, I think it is right in this case to say that the Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3550719 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
 failed to adduce some tangible evidence establishing a right or supporting an arguable case for such a right.  It is not disputed }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3550719 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 that at the time the Plaintiff }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 commenced the proceedings }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3550719 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 he was the registered owner}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3550719 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Housing Authority Sub-lease No- 240799. Under Section 169}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1901159 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3550719 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  the Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3550719 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 entitled to seek possession of the property on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1712112\charrsid8519928 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 strength of }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3550719\charrsid8519928 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1712112\charrsid8519928 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 title}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 .  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3550719 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 His right}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  to possession do}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3550719 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 es}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  not depend on the purported }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3550719 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 arrangement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 but on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3550719 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1712112\charrsid8519928 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 registered ownership}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 .  The purported }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3550719 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 arrangement }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 is of no conseque}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3550719 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 nce to a claim by the Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  based on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid3550719 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 being the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3550719\charrsid8519928 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 registered owner.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1712112\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1712112\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid6048878\charrsid397699 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Thus, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid397699 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 I disallow the grounds adduced by the D\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 efendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3550719\charrsid397699 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid397699 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  refusing to deliver vacant possession. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1712112 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112\charrsid397699 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3550719 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid13715154 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6048878 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid6048878 (13)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3550719 Finally, the Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112  moved for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112\charrsid8519928 \lquote indemnity }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid3550719\charrsid8519928 costs\rquote .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1712112 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13715154 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
It is necessary to turn to the applicable law and the judicial thinking in relation to the principles governing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1712112\charrsid8519928 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
indemnity costs\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1712112\charrsid1712112 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1712112\charrsid13715154 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1712112 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1712112 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1730086 \tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid10048519 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10048519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1730086\charrsid12143510 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Order 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 62, Rule (37) of the High Court Rules}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 empower courts to award indemnity costs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 at its discretion.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3550719 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 For the sake of completeness, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1730086\charrsid12143510 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Order 62, Rule (37)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  is reproduced below.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li2880\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1730086\charrsid8519928 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Amount of Indemnity costs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1730086\charrsid8519928 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  (O.62, r.37)
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-425\li2410\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tx2835\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2410\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
37.- (1) \tab The amount of costs to be allowed s\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 hall (subject to rule 18 and to any \tab order of the Court) be in the discretion of the taxing officer.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6048878 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12143510 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid12143510 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 G.E. Dal Pont, in \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Law of Costs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \'94\loch\f0 , Third Edition}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 , writes at Page 533 and 534;
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi720\li2127\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2127\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\ul\insrsid1730086\charrsid12143510 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \lquote 
\loch\f0 Indemnity\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0  Basis
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li1440\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2847\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2847\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 
Other than in the High Court, Tasmania and Western Australia, statute or court rules make specific provision for taxation on an indemnity basis.  Other than in the Family Law and Queensland rules \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0  which define the \hich\f0 
\lquote \loch\f0 indemnity basis\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0  in terms akin to the \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 raditional \hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 solicitor and client basis\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0  \hich\f0 \endash 
\loch\f0  the \hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 indemnity basis\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0  is defined in largely common terms to cover all costs incurred by the person in whose favour costs are ordered except to the extent that they are of general law concept of 
\hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 indemnity costs\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 . \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
The power to make such an order in the High Court and Tasmania stems from the general costs discretion vested in superior courts, and in Western Australia can arguably moreover be sourced from a specific statutory provision.
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Although all costs ordered as \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 between party and party are, pursuant to the \hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 costs indemnity rule\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 , indemnity costs in one sense, an order for 
\hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 indemnity costs\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 , or that costs be taxed on an \hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 indemnity basis\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 , is intended to go further.  Yet the object in ordering indemnity costs remai
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 s compensatory and not penal.  References in judgments to a \hich\f0 \lquote \loch\f0 punitive\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
 costs order in this context must be seen against the backdrop of the reprehensible conduct that often justifies an award of indemnity costs rather than impinging upon the compensatory \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
\hich\f0 im.  Accordingly, such an order does not enable a claimant to recover more costs than he or she has incurred.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3550719 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12143510 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 
Now let me consider what authority there is on this point.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 The principles by which Courts are guided when considering whether or not to awar\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0 
d indemnity costs are discussed by Hon. Madam Justice Scutt in \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Prasad v Divisional Engineer Northern}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 \hich\f0  (No. 02)\'94\loch\f0  (2008) FJHC 234.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1730086 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid10048519\charrsid1730086 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1730086\charrsid8519928 \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 As to the }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1730086\charrsid8519928 \loch\af0\dbch\af31505\hich\f0 \'93\loch\f0 \hich\f0 General Principles\'94,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\insrsid1730086\charrsid8519928 
\hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0  Hon. Madam Justice Scutt said this;
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-317\li2160\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx720\jclisttab\tx2160\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 A court has \lquote absolute and unfettered\rquote  discretion vis-
\'e0-vis the award of costs but discretion \lquote must be exercised judicially\rquote : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Trade Practices Commission v. Nicholas Enterprises }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841430 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%281979%29%2028%20ALR%20\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 
201?stem=&synonyms=&query=title%28prasad%20and%20divisional%20engineer%20northern%20%29" \\o "View LawCiteRecord" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 (1979) 28 ALR 201}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 , at 207
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}The question is always \lquote 
whether the facts and circumstances of the case in question warrant making an order for payment of costs other than by reference to party and party\rquote : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
Colgate-Palmolive Company v. Cussons Pty Ltd }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841430 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1993%5d%20FCA%20536" \\
o "View LawCite Record" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [1993] FCA 536}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 ; }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841430 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 
.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%281993%29%2046%20FCR%20225?stem=&synonyms=&query=title%28prasad%20and%20divisional%20engineer%20northern%20%29" \\o "View LawCiteRecord" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
(1993) 46 FCR 225}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 , at 234, per Sheppard, J. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}A party against whom indemnity costs are sought \lquote 
is entitled to notice of the order sought\rquote : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Huntsman Chemical Company Australia Limited v. International Cools Australia Ltd }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 (1995) NSWLR 242
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}That such notice is required is \lquote a principle of elementary justice\rquote 
 applying to both civil and criminal cases: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Sayed Mukhtar Shah v. Elizabeth Rice and Ors }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
(Crim Appeal No. AAU0007 of 1997S, High Court Crim Action No. HAA002 of 1997, 12 November 1999), at 5, per Sir Moti Tikaram, P. Casey and Barker, JJA
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}\lquote ... neither
 considerations of hardship to the successful party nor the over-optimism of an unsuccessful opponent would by themselves justify an award beyond party and party costs. But additional costs may be called for if there has been reprehensible conduct by the 
party liable\rquote : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 State v. The Police Service Commission; Ex parte Beniamino  Naviveli }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
(Judicial Review 29/94; CA Appeal No. 52/95, 19 August 1996), at 6
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}Usually, party/party costs are awarded, with indemnity costs awarded only \lquote 
where there are exceptional reasons for doing so\rquote : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Colgate-Palmolive Co. v. Cussons Pty Ltd }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 at 232-34; }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Bowen Jones v. Bowen Jones }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [1986] 3 All ER 163; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Re Malley SM; Ex parte Gardner }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 []2001] WASCA 83; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
SDS Corporation Ltd v. Pasonnay Pty Ltd &Anor }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841430 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-b\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 
in/LawCite?cit=%5b2004%5d%20WASC%2026?stem=&synonyms=&query=title%28prasad%20and%20divisional%20engineer%20northern%20%29" \\o "View LawCite Record" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [2004] WASC 26}}}
\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086  (S2) (23 July 2004), at 16, per Roberts-Smith, J.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}
Costs are generally ordered on a party/party basis, but solicitor/client costs can be awarded where \lquote there is some special or unusual feature of the case to justify\rquote  a court\rquote s \lquote exercising its discretion in that way\rquote : }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Preston v. Preston }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [1982] 1 All ER 41, at 58
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}Indemnity costs can be ordered as and when the justice of the case so requires: }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Lee v. Mavaddat }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841430 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b2005%5d%20WASC%2068?stem=&synonyms=&query=title%28prasad%20and%20divisional%20engineer%20northe\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 rn%20%29" \\o "View LawCite Record" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [2005] WASC 68}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
 (25 April 2005), per Roberts-Smith, J.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}For indemnity costs to be awarded there must be \lquote 
some form of delinquency in the conduct of the proceedings\rquote : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Harrison v. Schipp }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841430 
\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/c\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 gi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b2001%5d%20NSWCA%2013" \\o "View LawCite Record" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [2001] NSWCA 13}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 , at Paras }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [1], [153]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2160\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-317\li2160\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx720\jclisttab\tx2160\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
Circumstances in which indemnity costs are ordered must be such as to \lquote take a case out of the "ordinary" or "usual" category ...":}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 MGICA (1992) Ltd v
. Kenny & Good Pty Ltd (No. 2) }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841430 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%281996%29%20140%20ALR%20707?stem=&synonyms=&query=title%28prasad%20and%20divisional%20engineer%20northern%20%29" \\o "View LawCiteRecord" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 (1996) 140 ALR 707}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 , at 711, pe
r Lindgren J.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-360\li2160\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx2160\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \lquote 
... it has been suggested that the order of costs on a solicitor and client basis should be reserved to a case where the conduct of a party or its representatives is so unsatisfactory as to call out for a special order. Thus, if it represent
s an abuse of process of the Court the conduct may attract such an order\rquote : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Dillon and Ors v. Baltic Shipping Co. (\lquote The Mikhail Lermontov\rquote )}{\field{\*\fldinst 
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%281991%29%202%20Lloyds%20Rep%20155" \\o "View LawCiteRecord" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 (1991) 2 Lloyds Rep 155}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
, at 176, per Kirby, P.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}Solicitor/client or indemnity costs can be considered appropriately \lquote 
whenever it appears that an action has been commenced or continued in circumstances where the applicant, properly advised, should have known ... he had no chance of success\rquote : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Fountain Selected Meats (Sales) Pty Ltd v. International Produce Merchants Ltd & Ors}{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1988%5d%20FCA%20202" \\o "View LawCite Record" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [1988] FCA 202}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 ; }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841430 
\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%28199\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 8%29%2081%20ALR%20397?stem=&synonyms=&query=title%28prasad%20and%20divisional%20engineer%20northern%20%29" \\
o "View LawCiteRecord" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 (1998) 81 ALR 397}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 , at 401, per Woodward, J.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}Albeit rare, where action appears to have commenced/continued when \lquote 
applicant ... should have known ... he had no chance of success\rquote , the presumption is that it \lquote commenced or continued for some ulterior motive or ... [in] willful disregard of the known facts or ... clearly established law\rquote 
 and the court needs \lquote to consider how it should exercise its unfettered discretion\rquote : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Fountain Selected Meats}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 , at 401, per Woodward, J.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}Where action taken or threatened by a defendant \lquote 
constituted, or would have constituted, an abuse of the process of the court\rquote , indemnity costs are appropriate: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Bailli
eu Knight Frank (NSW) Pty Ltd v. Ted Manny Real Estate Pty Ltd }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 (1992) 30 NSWLR 359, at 362. per Power, J. 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}Similarly where the defendant\rquote 
s actions in conducting any defence to the proceedings have involved an abuse of process of the court whereby the court\rquote s time and litigant\rquote s money has \lquote been wasted on totally frivolous and thoroughly unjustified defences\rquote : }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Baillieu  Knight  Frank}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 , at 362, per Power, J.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2160\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-360\li2160\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx2160\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Indemnity costs awarded where \lquote the defendant had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 prima facie }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 misused the process of the court by puttin
g forward a defence which from the outset it knew was unsustainable ... such conduct by a defendant could amount to a misuse of the process of the court\rquote : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
Willis v. Redbridge Health Authority }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 (1960) 1 WLR 1228, at 1232, per Beldam, LJ
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}\lquote Abuse of process and
 unmeritorious behaviour by a losing litigant has always been sanctionable  by way of an indemnity costs order }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 inter parties}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086  A party cannot be penalised [for] exercising its right to dispute matters but in very special cases where a party is found to have 
behaved disgracefully or where such behaviour is deserving of moral condemnation, then indemnity costs may be awarded as between the losing and winning parties\rquote : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
Ranjay Shandil v. Public Service Commission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086  (Civil Jurisdiction Judicial Review No. 004 of 1996, 16 May 1997), at 5, per Pathik, J. (quoting Jane Weakley, \lquote 
Do costs really follow the event?\rquote  (1996) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 NLJ }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 710 (May 1996))
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}\lquote 
It is sufficient ... to enliven the discretion to award [indemnity] costs that, for whatever reasons, a party persists in what should on proper consideration be seen to be a hopeless case\rquote : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 J-Corp Pty Ltd v. Australian Builders Labourers Federation Union of Workers (WA Branch)(No. 2)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086  (1993) 46 IR 301, at 303, per French, J.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}\lquote ... where a party has by its conduct unnecessarily increased
 the cost of litigation, it is appropriate that the party so acting should bear that increased cost. Persisting in a case which can only be characterised as "hopeless" ... may lead the court to [determine] that the party whose conduct gave rise to the cos
ts should bear them in full\rquote : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Quancorp Pty Ltd &Anor v. MacDonald &Ors}{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1999%5d%20WASC%20101?stem=&synonyms=&query=title%28prasad%20and%20divisional%20engineer%20northern%20%29" \\o "View LawCite Record"
\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506  }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [1999] WASC 101}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 , at Paras }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [6]-[7]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 , per Wheeler, J}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}However, a case should not be characterised as \lquote hopeless\rquote 
 too readily so as to support an award of indemnity costs, bearing in mind that a party \lquote should not be discouraged, by the prospect of an unusual costs order, from persisting in an action where its success is not certain\rquote  for \lquote 
uncertainty is inherent in many areas of law\rquote  and the law changes \lquote with changing circumstances\rquote : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Quancorp Pty Ltd &Anor v. MacDonald &Ors }
{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841430 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1999%5d%20WASC%20101?stem=&synonyms=&query=title%28prasad%20and%20division
\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 al%20engineer%20northern%20%29" \\o "View LawCite Record" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [1999] WASC 101}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 , at Paras }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [6]-[7]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 , per Wheeler, J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}
The law reports are replete with cases which were thought to be hopeless before investigation but were decided the other way after the court allowed the matter to be tried: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
Medcalf v. Weatherill and Anor }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841430 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b2002%5d%20UKHL%2027?stem=&synonyms=&query=title%28prasad%20and%20divisional%20engineer%20northern%20%29" \\o "View LawCite Record" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [2002] UKHL 27}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
 (27 June 2002), at 11, per Lord Steyn
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}Purpose of indemnity costs is not penal but compensatory so awarded \lquote 
where one party causes another to incur legal costs by misusing the process to delay or to defer the trial and payment of sums properly due\rquote ; the court \lquote 
ought to ensure so far as it can that the sums eventually recovered by a plaintiff are not depleted by irrecoverable legal costs\rquote : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Willis v. Redbridge Health Authority,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086  at 1232, per Beldam, LJ
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}Actions of a Defendant in defending an action, albeit
 being determined by the trial judge as \lquote wrong and without any legal justification, the result of its own careless actions\rquote , do \lquote 
not approach the degree of impropriety that needs to be established to justify indemnity costs ... [R]egardless of how sloppy t
he [Defendant] might well have been in lending as much as $70,000 to [a Plaintiff], they had every justification for defending this action ... The judge was wrong to award [indemnity costs] in these circumstances. He should have awarded costs on the ordin
ary party and party scale\rquote : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Credit Corporation (Fiji) Limited v. Wasal Khan and MohdNasir Khan }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
(Civil Appeal No. ABU0040 of 2006S; High Court Civil Action No. HBC0344 of 1998, 8 July 2008), per Pathik, Khan and Bruce, JJA, at 11
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sb100\sbauto1\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid12143510 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086  Defining \lquote Improper\rquote , \lquote Unreasonable\rquote  or \lquote Negligent\rquote  Conduct in Legal Proceedings as Guide to Indemnity Costs Awards: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Cases where \lquote wasted costs\rquote  rules or \lquote useless costs\rquote  principles have been applied against solicitors where their conduct in proceedings has led to delay and/or abuse o
f process can provide some assistance in determining whether conduct in proceedings generally may be such as to warrant the award of indemnity costs. These cases specifically relate to solicitors\rquote 
 conduct rather than directly touching upon the indemnity costs question; nonetheless the analysis or findings as to what constitutes conduct warranting an award of costs can be helpful. See for example:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi1407\li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Ridehalgh v. Horsefield and Anor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [1994] Ch 205
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-708\li2835\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin2835\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Medcalf v. Weatherill and Anor}{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b2002%5d%20UKHL%2027?stem=&synonyms=&query=title%28prasad%20and%20divisional%20engineer%20northern%20%29" \\
o "View LawCite Record" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [2002] UKHL 27}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086  (27 June 2002)
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
Harley v. McDonald }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841430 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506  HYPERLINK "htt\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 
p://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b2001%5d%202%20AC%20678" \\o "View LawCite Record" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [2001] 2 AC 678}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
Kemajuan Flora SDN Bh v. Public Bank BHD &Anor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 (High Court Malaya, Melaka, Civil Suit No. 22-81-2001, 25 January 2006)
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
Ma So So Josephine v. Chin Yuk Lun Francis and Chan Mee Yee }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
(FACV No. 15 of 2003, Court of Final Appeal Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Final Appeal No. 15 of 2003 (Civil)(On Appeal from CACV No. 382 of 2002, 16 September 2004)
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
SZABF v. Minister for Immigration (No. 2) }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841430 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506  HYPE\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 
RLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b2003%5d%20FMCA%20178?stem=&synonyms=&query=title%28prasad%20and%20divisional%20engineer%20northern%20%29" \\o "View LawCite Record" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [2003] FMCA 178}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-708\li2835\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin2835\itap0\pararsid6048878 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Heffernan v. Byrne }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841430 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/f\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 j/cases/FJCA/2008/7.html?stem=&synonyms=&query=title%28prasad%20and%20divisional%20engineer%20northern%20%29" \\
o "View Case" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [2008] FJCA 7}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 ; ABU0027.2008 (29 May 2008)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid12143510\charrsid6048878 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li0\ri0\sb100\sbauto1\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
Some of the matters referred to include:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6048878 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid6048878\charrsid1730086 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \fi-708\li2835\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin2835\itap0\pararsid1730086 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 At the hearing stage, the making of or persisting in allegations made by one party against another, unsupported by admissible evidence \lquote 
since if there is not admissible evidence to support the allegation the court cannot be invited to find that it has been proved, and if the court cannot be invited to
 find that the allegation has been proved the allegation should not be made or should be withdrawn: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Medcalf v. Weatherill and Anor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 , at 8, per Lord Bingham
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2835\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2835\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-708\li2835\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin2835\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 At the preparatory stage, in relation to such allegations \endash 
 not necessarily having admissible evidence but there should be \lquote material of such a character as to lead responsible counsel to conclude that serious allegations could properly be based upon it: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Medcalf v. Weatherill and Anor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 , at 8, per Lord Bingham
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}
Failures to appear, conduct which leads to an otherwise avoidable step in the proceedings or the prolongation of a hearing by gross repetition or extreme slowness in the presentation of evidence or argum
ent are typical examples of wasting the time of the court or an abuse of its processes resulting in excessive or unnecessary costs to litigants: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Harley v. McDonald}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 , at 703, Para }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [50]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086  (English Privy Council)
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}
Starting an action knowing it to be false is an abuse of process and may also involve knowingly attempting to mislead the court: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
Ma So So Josephine v. Chin Yuk Lun Francis and Chan Mee Yee }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 (FACV No. 15 of 2003, Court of Final Appeal Hong Kong Special Admin
istrative Region, Final Appeal No. 15 of 2003 (Civil)(On Appeal from CACV No. 382 of 2002, 16 September 2004), at Para }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [43]}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 , per Ribeiro, PJ (Li, CJ, Bokhary and Chan, PJ and Richardson, NPJ concurring)
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}Lending assistance to proceedings which are an abuse of the process of the court 
\endash  using litigious procedures for purposes for which they were not intended, \lquote as by issuing or pursuing proceedings for reasons unconnected with success in the litigation or pursuing a case known to be dishonest\rquote  or evading rules
 intended to safeguard the interests of justice \lquote as by knowingly failing to make full disclosure on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 ex parte }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
application[s] or knowingly conniving at incomplete disclose rue of documents\rquote : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Ridehalgh v. Horsefield }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
[1994] Ch 205, at 234, per Bingham, MR
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}Initiating or continuing multiple proceedings which amount to abuse of process: }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Heffernan v. Byrne }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841430 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/cases/FJCA/2008/7.html?stem=&synonyms=&query=title%28prasad%20and%20divisional%20engineer%20northern%20%29" \\o "View Case"\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506  }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [2008] FJCA 7}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
; ABU0027.2008 (29 May 2008), per Hickie, J.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2127\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2127\itap0\pararsid10048519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sb100\sbauto1\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
Specific Circumstances of Grant/Denial Indemnity Costs: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Specific instances supporting or denying the award of indemnity costs include:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-708\li2835\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx720\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin2835\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Indemnity costs follow per a \lquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Calderbank }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 offer\rquote , that is, w
here a party makes an offer or offers prior to trial, which is/are refused, and that party succeeds at trial on a basis which is better than the prior offer: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
Calderbank v. Calderbank}{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1975%5d%203%20WLR
\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 %20586?stem=&synonyms=&query=title%28prasad%20and%20divisional%20engineer%20northern%20%29" \\o "View LawCite Record" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
[1975] 3 WLR 586}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}However, no indemnity costs awarded where }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Calderbank }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 letter contains no element of compromise, making it not unreasonable for the party not to accept the offer. The question is \lquote 
... whether the offeree\rquote s failure to accept the offer, in all the circumstances, warrants departure from the ordinary rule as to costs ...\rquote : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
SMEC Testing Services Pty Ltd v. Campbelltown  City Council }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841430 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b2000%5d%20NSWCA%20323" \\o "View LawCite Record" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [2000] NSWCA 323}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 , at Para}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [37]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 , per Giles, JA Hence, if the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 offer is not a genu
ine offer of compromise and/or there is no appropriate opportunity provided to consider and deal with it, then no indemnity costs follow: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
Richard Shorten v. David Hurst Constructions P/L; D. Hurst Constructions v. RW Shorten }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [2008] Adj LR 06/17 (17 June 2008), per Einstein, J. (NSW Supreme Court, Equity Division T&C List); }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Leichhardt Municipal Council v. Green }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841430 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b2004%5d%20NSWCA%20341" \\o "View LawCite Record" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [2004] NSWCA 341}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 , at Paras}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [21]-24], [36]}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 , per Santow, JA, Stein, JA (concurring); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Herning v. GWS Machinery Pty Ltd (No. 2) }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841430 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b2005%5d%20NSWCA%20375?stem=&synonyms=&query=title%28prasad%20and%20divisional%20engineer%20northern%20%29" \\
o "View\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506  LawCite Record" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [2005] NSWCA 375}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 , at Paras}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [4]-[5]}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 , per Handley, Beazley and Basten, JJA; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Elite Protective Personnel v. Salmon }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 
\ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841430 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b2007%5d%20NSWCA%20322" \\o "View LawCite Record" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [2007] NSWCA 322}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 , at Para }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [99]; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Donnelly v. Edelsten}{\field{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1994%5d%20FCA%20992" \\o "View LawCite Record" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [1994] FCA 992}}}
\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 ; }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841430 
\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1994%5d%2049%20FCR%20384" \\o "View LawC\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 ite Record" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [1994] 49 FCR 384}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 , at 396
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048519 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2835\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2835\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-708\li2835\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx720\jclisttab\tx2835\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin2835\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Indemnity costs awarded:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \hich\af2\dbch\af0\loch\f2 o\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li3402\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx1440\jclisttab\tx3402\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin3402\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 upon a winding-up petition\rquote 
s being presented on a debt known to the petitioner to be genuinely disputed on substantial grounds;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \hich\af2\dbch\af0\loch\f2 o\tab}
the clearly established law being that a winding up order will not be granted in such circumstances, meaning that the petitioner \lquote had no chance of successfully obtaining a winding up order\rquote ; 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \hich\af2\dbch\af0\loch\f2 o\tab}where in these circumstances the filing of the petition \lquote constit
uted a deliberate tactical manipulation of the winding up process by the [petitioner, the State Government Insurance Commission \lquote SGIC\rquote ] for the purposes of bringing very substantial pressure to bear\rquote  on Bond Corp Holdings \lquote BCH
\rquote ;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \hich\af2\dbch\af0\loch\f2 o\tab}this in the circumstances meant that the \lquote 
filing of the petition was an abuse of process of the court in the true sense of that expression\rquote ; 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \hich\af2\dbch\af0\loch\f2 o\tab}the discretion to stay the petition should not be exercised because this would \lquote 
cause BCH serious harm\rquote  meaning it would be \lquote extremely difficult for BCH to be able to conduct its business normally if the petition [were] not dismissed\rquote : citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Re Lympne Investments }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841430 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1972%5d%201%20WLR%20523?stem=&synonyms=&query=title%28prasad%20and%20divi\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 sional%20engineer%20northern%20%29" \\o "View LawCite Record" }}{\fldrslt {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [1972] 1 WLR 523}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 , at 527, per Megarry, J.; also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Re Glenbawn Park Pty Ltd}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841430 
\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1977%5d%202%20ACLR%20288?stem=&synonyms=&query=title%28prasad%20and%20divisional%20engineer%20northern%20%29" \\o "View LawCite Record" }}{\fldrslt {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [1977] 2 ACLR 288}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 , at 294, per Yeldham, J.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \hich\af2\dbch\af0\loch\f2 o\tab}an abuse of process \lquote 
having been established in the circumstances outlined, justice requires the award of solicitor and client, or, rather, "indemnity" costs\rquote  so that \lquote 
the SGIC should be ordered to pay all the costs incurred by BCH except insofar as they are of an unreasonable amount or have been unreasonably incurred, so that, subject to [these] exceptions, BCH be completely indemnified by the SGIC for its costs
\rquote , citing }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Foundation Selected Meats (Sales) Pty Ltd v. International Produce Merchants }{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841430 
\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506  HYPERLINK "http://www.pacl\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 ii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%5b1988%5d%20FCA%20202" \\o "View LawCite Record" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 [1988] FCA 202}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 ; }
{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841430 \hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 
 HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/LawCite?cit=%281988%29%2081%20ALR%20397?stem=&synonyms=&query=title%28prasad%20and%20divisional%20engineer%20northern%2\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506 0%29" \\o "View LawCiteRecord" }}{\fldrslt {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\ul\cf2\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 (1988) 81 ALR 397}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 , at 410, per Woodward J.: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Re Bond Corp Holdings Ltd }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
(1990) 1 ACSER 350, at 13, per Ipp, J.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li3402\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3402\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li2835\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx720\jclisttab\tx2410\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin2835\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \tab 
Indemnity costs are appropriate where an applicant (in an unfair dismissal):
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \hich\af2\dbch\af0\loch\f2 o\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li3402\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx1440\jclisttab\tx3402\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin3402\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \lquote insists\rquote  over a respondents\rquote  object
ions that an application should proceed to trial rather than await the outcome of other possible litigation (including a police investigation);
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \hich\af2\dbch\af0\loch\f2 o\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li3402\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx1440\jclisttab\tx2977\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin3402\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \tab 
fails repeatedly, despite allowances, to meet deadlines for lodgment of a witness statement;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \hich\af2\dbch\af0\loch\f2 o\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-567\li3402\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx1440\jclisttab\tx3402\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin3402\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 fails to advise he
r lawyers of her whereabouts so denying them of the ability to inform the court of reasons for seeking an unqualified adjournment less than a week prior to trial;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \hich\af2\dbch\af0\loch\f2 o\tab}
fails to comply with directions to provide a current address, consult a medical specialist and obtain a report of fitness to attend the trial; 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f2\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \hich\af2\dbch\af0\loch\f2 o\tab}
fails to appear at the final hearing when on notice that the application will be dismissed in event of such failure: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Nicole Pender v. Specialist Solutions Pty Ltd }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 (No. B599 of 2004. 17 May 2005), per Bloomfield, Commissioner
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li3402\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin3402\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-708\li2835\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx720\jclisttab\tx2127\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin2835\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
Indemnity costs denied as against a Plaintiff who discontinued a claim for a permanent injunction to restrain a Defendant\rquote s industrial action, where the Defendant had filed a chamber summons seeking to have the Plaintiff\rquote 
s claim struck out as an abuse of process: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Cooperative Bulk Handling Ltd v. Australian Manufacturing Workers Union (WA Branch)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 (Unreported, WASC, Lib. No. 970190, 30 April 1997), per Wheeler, J.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2835\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2835\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-708\li2835\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx720\jclisttab\tx2835\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin2835\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Indemnity costs cannot be awarded in a criminal appeal, albeit 
\lquote in criminal appeals, as in civil cases, unreasonable conduct by the unsuccessful party might increase a usual award\rquote : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Sayed Mukhtar Shah v. Elizabeth Rice and Ors }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 (Crim Appeal No. AAU0007 of 1997S, High Ct Crim Action No. HAA02 of 1997, 12 November 1999), at 4, per Sir Moti Tikaram, P., Casey and Barker, JJA
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx2835\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \f3\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\langnp1033\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi-708\li2835\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar
\jclisttab\tx720\jclisttab\tx2835\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin2835\itap0\pararsid1730086 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
Indemnity costs awarded then reversed on appeal where solicitor held liable for costs (under a \lquote wasted costs\rquote  order) in initiating action for clients where solicitor taken to have known that the basis of the clients\rquote  action was wholl
y false\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1730086\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s15\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6048878 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid9972153 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6048878\charrsid6048878 I observed is that t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid6048878 he oral and written submissio}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid4654031\charrsid6048878 ns of Counsel for the Plaintiff has}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid6048878  not addressed why }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid6048878 
\lquote indemnity costs\rquote }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid6048878  should be awarded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid6048878  in the current proceedings for vacant possession.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid6048878  
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6048878 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid6048878 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1730086 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 The Court has not been pointed to any \'93}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 reprehensible conduct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \'94
 in relation to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 current proceedings for vacant possession}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 . Indeed, as was set out by in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 Carvill v HM Inspector of Taxes}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 
(Unreported, United Kingdom Special Commissioners of Income Tax, 23 March 2005,Stephen Oliver QC and Edward Sadler)(Bailii:[2005]UKSPCSPC00468,}{\field\fldedit{\*\fldinst {\rtlch\fcs1 \af31507 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid2841430 
\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\loch\f31506  HYPERLINK "http://www.bailii.org/cgibin/markup.cgi?doc=/uk/cases/UKSC/2005/SPC00468.html" }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\ul\cf17\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 http://www.bailii.org/cgibin/markup.cgi?doc=/uk/cases/UKSC/2005/SPC00468.html}}}\sectd \ltrsect
\linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 ),\'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 reprehensible conduct}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \'94 requires two separate co
nsiderations (at paragraph 11):
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid6048878 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid1730086 \'93The party\rquote 
s conduct must be unreasonable, but with the further characteristic that it is unreasonable to an extent or in a manner that it earns some implicit expression of disapproval or some stigma.\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1730086\charrsid6048878 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid11609372 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid8519928 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 I have not found, any evidence of \'93reprehensible conduct\'94 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid15950064 by the Defendants }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 in relation to the present proceedings before me.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372  
\par 
\par 
\par In my view, the Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6430676 s have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372  done no more than to exercise }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid6430676 their }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 legal right to contest the Plaintiff\rquote s Summons for vacant possession. This 
simply does not approach the degree of impropriety that needs to be established to justify indemnity costs. The Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid6430676 s are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372  not guilty of any conduct deserving of condemnation as disgraceful or as and abuse of process of the court and ought not to be penalised by having to pay indemnity costs.
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid11609372 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 
\par In the context of the present case, I am comforted by the rule of law enunciated in the following decisions;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid11609372 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li709\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid11609372 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 Ranjay Shandill v Public Service Commission}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 
 [Civil Jurisdiction Judicial Review No:- 004 of 1996] Pathik J held;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid11609372 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2876\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2876\itap0\pararsid11609372 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 \'93
[A party] cannot be penalised [for] exercising its right to dispute matters but in very special cases where a party is found to have behaved disgracefully or where such behaviour is deserving of moral condemnation, then indemnity \tab costs may
 be awarded as between the losing and winning parties.\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li851\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin851\itap0\pararsid11609372 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 
Quancorp PVT Ltd &0020Anor v. MacDonald &Ors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372  [1999] WASC 101, Wheeler J held;
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2876\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2876\itap0\pararsid11609372 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 \'85. \lquote hopeless\rquote  too readily so as to support an award of indemnity costs, \tab bearing in mind that a party \lquote 
should not be discouraged, by the prospect of an unusual costs order, from persisting in an action where its success is not \tab certain\rquote  for \lquote uncertainty is\rquote  inherent in many areas of law\rquote  and the law changes\rquote 
 with changing circumstances\'94
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11609372 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11609372 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 
Furthermore, is it a correct exercise of the Court\rquote s discretion to direct the Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15950064 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372  to pay costs on an indemnity basis to the Plaintiff because the Plaintiff had undergone hardships during the present proceedings for vacant possession?
\par 
\par 
\par The answer to the aforesaid question is in the negative which I base on the following judicial decisions;
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f10\insrsid11609372\charrsid397699 \loch\af10\dbch\af31506\hich\f10 \'76\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\qj \fi-753\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid11609372 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid397699 
Public Service Commission v Naiveli
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid11609372 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid397699 
Fiji Court of Appeal decision, No: ABU 0052 11/955, (1996) FJCA 3
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11609372 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid397699 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f10\insrsid11609372\charrsid397699 \loch\af10\dbch\af31506\hich\f10 \'76\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\qj \fi-753\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid11609372 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid397699 
Thomson v Swan Hunter and Wigham Richardson Ltd, (1954) ,( 2) AER 859
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid11609372 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid397699 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f10\insrsid11609372\charrsid397699 \loch\af10\dbch\af31506\hich\f10 \'76\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\qj \fi-753\li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid11609372 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid397699 
Bowen Jones v Bowen Jones (1986) 3 AER 163
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11609372\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11609372 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid13715154 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid8519928 \'93}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid8519928 Public Service Commission v Naiveli}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid8519928 \'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid8519928  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid8519928 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 supra}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 ),The Fiji Court of Appeal held;
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li2880\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2880\itap0\pararsid11609372 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 \'93
However, neither considerations of hardship to the successful party nor the over optimism of an unsuccessful opponent would by themselves justify an award beyond party and party costs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 .  But additional costs may be called for if there has been reprehensible conduct by the party liable \endash  see the examples discussed in Thomson v. Swan Hunt
er and Wigham Richardson Ltd [1954] 2 All ER 859 and Bowen-Jones v. Bowen Jones [1986] 3 All ER 163.\'94
\par 
\par 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \fi720\li6480\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin6480\itap0\pararsid11609372 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 (Emphasis added)

\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11609372 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid6048878\charrsid11609372 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 On the strength of the authority in the aforementioned three (03) cases, I venture to say beyond a per}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid6430676 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 adventure that neither considerations of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid6430676 hardship to the Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372  nor the over optimism of the unsuccessful Defendant}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid6430676 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 
 would by themselves justify an award beyond party and party costs.
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid12143510 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid397699 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid397699\charrsid11609372 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11609372 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 (E)\tab }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 CONCLUSION
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11609372 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 
Having had the benefit of oral submissions 
for which I am most grateful and after having perused the affidavits, written submissions and the pleadings, doing the best that I can on the material that is available to me, I have no doubt personally and I am clearly of the opinion that the Defendant}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid15950064 s have}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 
 failed to show cause to remain in possession as required under Section 172 of the Land Transfer Act.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11609372 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11609372 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 
In these circumstances, I am driven to th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid6048878 e conclusion that the Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid6048878 is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372  entitled to an order as prayed in Summons for immediate vacant possession.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11609372 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 
\par 
\par 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 (F)\tab }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs28 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs28\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 ORDERS
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid13070491 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\ilvl4\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13070491\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11609372\charrsid13070491 The Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\insrsid15950064\charrsid13070491 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11609372\charrsid13070491  to deliver immediate}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid15950064\charrsid13070491 
 vacant possession of the land comprised in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15950064\charrsid13070491 Housing Authority Sub-lease No- 240799}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3375101\charrsid13070491 , Lot-15}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15950064\charrsid13070491  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3375101\charrsid13070491 on DP No- 4188.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid11609372 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13070491\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13070491\charrsid13070491 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid13070491\charrsid13070491 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\ilvl4\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13070491\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid13070491\charrsid13070491 The Plaintiff\rquote 
s application for indemnity costs is refused.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qj \li0\ri0\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11609372 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang5129\langfe1033\langnp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid11609372 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s16 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang5129\langfe5129\langfenp5129\insrsid11609372\charrsid13070491 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (3)\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\s16\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sl276\slmult1
\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\ilvl4\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13070491\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang5129\langfe5129\loch\af31506\hich\af31506\dbch\af31505\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp5129 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid11609372\charrsid13070491 The Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
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\par 
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\par 
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\par \hich\af0\dbch\af31505\loch\f0 Jude Nanayakkara
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\par 
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