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\qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156\yts19 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 IN THE HIIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT LAUTOKA
\par WESTERN DIVISION
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par HBC 102 of 2012.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3156 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par BETWEEN:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3156 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 KRISHNA NAICKER
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 of Rakiraki, Retired.
\par PLAINTIFF}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3156 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par AND:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3156 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 BHARTI PRAVEENA SINGH
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 of Musunawai Street, Lautoka.
\par DEFENDANT}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3156 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156\yts19 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 Appearances:
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 Mr. Suresh Maharaj for the Plaintiff.
\par Mr. V. Sharma for the Defendant.
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 Date of Ruling:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3156\charrsid3156  01 August 2013.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3156 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs52 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3156 RU}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs52 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14765877\charrsid3156 LIN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs52 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3156 G}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs52 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14765877 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs52 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219419\charrsid3156 INTRODUCTION}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14765877 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [1].\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 This is the plaintiff\rquote s application for an Order for summary eviction against the defendant pursuant to section 169 of the Land Transfer Act (Cap 131).}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7215401\charrsid3156  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 Section 169 states as follows:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 
The following persons may summon any person in possession of land to appear before a judge in chambers to show cause why the person summoned should not give up possession to the applicant:-
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe3081\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 
the last registered proprietor of the land;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe3081\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}
a lessor with power to re-enter where the lessee or tenant is in arrear for such period as may be provided in the lease and, in the absence of any such provision therein, when the lessee or tenant is in arrear for one month, whether
 there be or be not sufficient distress found on the premises to countervail such rent and whether or not any previous demand has been made for the rent;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe3081\dbch\af0\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 a lessor against a lessee or tenant where a legal notice to quit has been given or the term of the lease has expired.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7215401\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [2].\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7215401\charrsid3156 
The land in question is described as Housing Authority Sub-Lease No. 273846, Lot 35 DP 5894}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5780489\charrsid3156  (}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5780489\charrsid3156 \'93property\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5780489\charrsid3156 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7215401\charrsid3156 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 The plaintiff }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5780489\charrsid3156 is the last registered proprietor of the property. He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 qualifies under the first limb}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5780489\charrsid3156  of section 169}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 . A copy of the 
lease is annexed to his affidavit confirming the same.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15728916\charrsid3156  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 
Once it is shown that the plaintiff is the last registered proprietor, the onus shifts to the defendant to show cause as to why an Order for vacant possession should not be granted in this case (see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 section 172}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156  of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 Land Transfer Act}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 
). In discharging that burden, the defendant must show on affidavit evidence some right to possession which would preclude the granting of an order for possession under }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 section 169}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522426\charrsid3156  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 This does not mean that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15728916\charrsid3156 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 he has to prove
 conclusively a right to remain in possession. On the contrary, it is enough that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15728916\charrsid3156 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 he shows some tangible evidence establishing a right or at least supporting an arguable case for such a right (see }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 Morris Hedstrom Limited v. Liaquat Ali}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156  (Action No. 153/87 at p2}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500859\charrsid3156 ).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2500859 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219419\charrsid3156 DEFENDANT\rquote S CASE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219419 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15940827\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [3].\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15940827\charrsid3156 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14765877\charrsid3156 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15940827\charrsid3156 defendant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219419\charrsid3156 deposes}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15940827\charrsid3156  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15940827\charrsid3156 inter alia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219419\charrsid3156  as follows}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14765877\charrsid3156  to resist a summary eviction Order and to justify remaining in possession:

\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219419\charrsid3156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219419\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219419\charrsid3156 she }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15728916\charrsid3156 is the biological daughter of the plaintiff.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14765877\charrsid3156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15728916\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15728916\charrsid3156 after }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219419\charrsid3156 she }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15728916\charrsid3156 got married, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219419\charrsid3156 her father, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15728916\charrsid3156 the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219419\charrsid3156 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15728916\charrsid3156  approached her and her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12137527\charrsid3156 husband and asked them to move o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15728916\charrsid3156 nto the land in question. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13659102\charrsid3156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13659102\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}h}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219419\charrsid3156 er father }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15728916\charrsid3156 then promised }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219419\charrsid3156 her }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15728916\charrsid3156 
and husband that he would bequeath the land to them as a marriage gift in his last will and testament.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14765877\charrsid3156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15728916\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (iv)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15728916\charrsid3156 acting on that promise, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219419\charrsid3156 she }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15728916\charrsid3156 and husband then constructed a house on the land and moved in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12137527\charrsid3156 on }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15728916\charrsid3156 or about April 1998. They paid for all improvements on the land }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12137527\charrsid3156 
as well as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15728916\charrsid3156 all ground and city rates from 1998 to date.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15728916\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (v)\tab}sometime in 2011, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219419\charrsid3156 her father }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15728916\charrsid3156 told her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219419\charrsid3156  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15728916\charrsid3156  husband to pay }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219419\charrsid3156 the ground rent and city rates i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15728916\charrsid3156 nto his bank account}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15214634\charrsid3156  from where he will pay them out to the relevant authorities because the accounts were under his name.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16077098\charrsid3156  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13659102\charrsid3156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13659102\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (vi)\tab}b}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16077098\charrsid3156 ut the rates and ground rent were never in arrears and are not supposed to be in arrears because she and husband had made all the payments.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15728916\charrsid3156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5333776\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (vii)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5333776\charrsid3156 over the years, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219419\charrsid3156 she }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15207265\charrsid3156 occasionally}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5333776\charrsid3156  confronted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219419\charrsid3156 her father }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5333776\charrsid3156 about}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15207265\charrsid3156  his promise to transfer}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5333776\charrsid3156  the land to her and husband. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219419\charrsid3156 Her father }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5333776\charrsid3156 would}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219419\charrsid3156  be evasive and would }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5333776\charrsid3156 reply that he intended to do that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15207265\charrsid3156  by willing the property to them.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5333776\charrsid3156  
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12549196\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (viii)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12549196\charrsid3156 she has i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219419\charrsid3156 nvested a lot of money and time on the land in reliance on }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8203137\charrsid3156 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16219419\charrsid3156 r father}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8203137\charrsid3156 \rquote s promise.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16077098\charrsid3156  Over the 14 years that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15207265\charrsid3156 she and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16077098\charrsid3156 husband }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15207265\charrsid3156 had lived on the property}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16077098\charrsid3156 , they had invested up to $50,000 on improvements.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12549196\charrsid3156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16077098\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (ix)\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16077098\charrsid3156 there was never any agreement for rent regarding the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7165913\charrsid3156 property. The land was promised}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16077098\charrsid3156  to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7165913\charrsid3156  her by }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16077098\charrsid3156 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7165913\charrsid3156 r father as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16077098\charrsid3156 a gift in 1988.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16077098\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (x)\tab}she has lodged a caveat with t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7165913\charrsid3156 he Registrar of Titles to stop }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16077098\charrsid3156 he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7165913\charrsid3156 r father}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16077098\charrsid3156  from transferring the property to a third party.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14765877\charrsid3156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15207265\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [4].\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15207265\charrsid3156 The defendant\rquote s mother, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10175118\charrsid3156 Sheryl Sakuntala}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15207265\charrsid3156 , has also sworn an affidavit to support her}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10175118\charrsid3156 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16077098\charrsid3156  Sakuntala }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12658671\charrsid3156 married the plaintiff in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3156  1974 but divorced him in 1981.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13659102 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12658671\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [5].\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12658671\charrsid3156 
She resumed cohabitation with the plaintiff sometime after divorce}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10175118\charrsid3156  and remained so }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12658671\charrsid3156 until the year 1998 when he asked her to vacate the house. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13659102 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10175118\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [6].\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10175118\charrsid3156 Notably, the plaintiff acquir
ed the said property in 1997 when he was living with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12658671\charrsid3156 Sakuntala}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10175118\charrsid3156  on a de facto basis. 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13659102\charrsid3156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10175118\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [7].\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10175118\charrsid3156 Sakunatala}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12658671\charrsid3156  deposes inter alia that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12658671 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12658671\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (i).\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12658671\charrsid3156 the plaintiff\rquote 
s promise to the defendant to gift the property to her and her husband was made }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12658671\charrsid3156 \'93during my daughter\rquote s marriage\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12658671\charrsid3156 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12658671 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12658671\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (ii).\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12658671\charrsid3156 she was present }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12658671\charrsid3156 \'93when the arrangements regarding the said land were being made\'94}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13262920\charrsid3156  and that she }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13262920\charrsid3156 \'93
clearly recall the plaintiff giving a verbal promise to our daughter and her husband that the said land would be transferred under the defendant\rquote s name after his death\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16077098\charrsid3156 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11472819\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (iii).\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11472819\charrsid3156 
as defacto wife (at the time, having been his legal wife before), she also agreed to the arrangement. She also had a beneficial interest in the property in question by virtue of her being the defacto wife and by virtue of her contribution to its pu
rchase from her FNPF funds.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13262920 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11472819\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (iv).\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11472819\charrsid3156 
the decision to gift the land to the defendant was made jointly by her and the plaintiff immediately upon the purchase of the land.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11472819 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10175118\charrsid3156 PLAINTIFF\rquote S CASE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10175118 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3832625\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [8].\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3832625\charrsid3156 The plaintiff refutes all the allegations of mother and daughter. Firstly, he says that the defendant had \'93eloped with the current husband Munendra Singh\'94.}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3156  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6493861\charrsid3156 Although he does not explain the relevance of the \'93elopement\'94, }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13659102\charrsid3156 I suspect }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12720306\charrsid3156 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13659102\charrsid3156 is alluding }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12720306\charrsid3156 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12606482\charrsid3156 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12720306\charrsid3156  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12606482\charrsid3156 the fact of the (alleged) elopement means he could not have pledged anything, let alone }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12720306\charrsid3156 the property }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12606482\charrsid3156 in question, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12720306\charrsid3156 as a marriage gift}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14043823\charrsid3156  as is obligatory of a bride\rquote s father}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12720306\charrsid3156  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12606482\charrsid3156 in a marriage done properly in accordance with Hindu customs}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12720306\charrsid3156 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522426\charrsid3156  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3832625\charrsid3156 He says that the defendant had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8417140\charrsid3156 approached him and asked to move into the property}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15450\charrsid3156  with her family at a time when s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3832625\charrsid3156 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15450\charrsid3156 was having }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3832625\charrsid3156 difficulty paying the rent }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15450\charrsid3156 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3156  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15450\charrsid3156 
a house that she was renting. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3832625\charrsid3156 He was then occupying quarters at FSC. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14448739\charrsid3156 When}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13793622\charrsid3156  he decided to move out of FSC, he told the defendant to vacate the property.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522426\charrsid3156  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14448739\charrsid3156 
He says the alleged renovation by the defendant and her husban}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid925537\charrsid3156 
d were done without his consent and in any event, the dealing alleged by the defendant was not in writing and is unenforceable.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13711127\charrsid3156 
 He insists that the defendant had allowed the ground rental with Housing Authority and rates with Lautoka City Council to fall into arrears and annexes documentation confirming arrears in accounts fro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16413046\charrsid3156 m the said two institutions}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13711127\charrsid3156 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3960194\charrsid3156  He says that there is no caveat on the property as the same was rejected by the Registrar of Titles.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14448739 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3960194\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [9].\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3960194\charrsid3156 
I observe that the copy of title annexed to his affidavit contains a memorial noting a caveat (No. 752156) by the defendant but which is not formally endorsed with the Registrar of Titles stamp and/or signature.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522426\charrsid3156 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10175118\charrsid3156 OBSERVATIONS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6581355 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [10].\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 I quote the following passage from Master Amaratunga\rquote s (as he then was) Ruling in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 Prasad v Wati }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 
[2011] FJHC 442; HBC315.2010 (12 August 2011)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid6293632\charrsid3156  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 to set the tone for my reasoning}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid6293632\charrsid3156  in this case}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs36 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 12. In opposition to this application the Defendant states that she has an }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 equitable interest }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 in the said property. In }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 Denny v Jessen}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 
 [1977] 1 NZLR 635 at 639}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156  Justice White summarized the proprietary estoppel as follows:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li1418\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid2892644\charrsid3156 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 
"In Snell's Principles of Equity (27th ed) 565 it is stated that proprietary estoppel is "... capable of operating positively so far as to confer a right of action". It is "one of the qualifications" to the general rule that a person who spends money on i
mproving the property of another has no claim to reimbursement or to any proprietary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 interest }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs18 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 in the property. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 
Plaimmer v Wellington City Corporation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 
 (1884) 9 App Cas 699; NZPCC 250 it was stated by the Privy Council that "...the equity arising from expenditure on land need not fail merely on the ground that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 interest }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 
to be secured has not been expressly indicated."(ibid, 713, 29). After referring to the cases, including }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 Ramsden v Dyson}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156  (1866) LR 1 HL 129,
 the opinion of the Privy Council continued, "In fact the court must look at the circumstances in each case to decide in what way the equity can be satisfied" (9 App Cas 699, 714; NZPCC 250, 260). In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 Chalmers v Pardoe}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 
 [1963] 1WLR 677;[1963] 3 All ER 552 (PC) a person expending money was held entitled to a charge on the same principle. The principle was again applied by the Court of Appeal in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 Inwards v Baker [1965] 2 QB 29; [1965] 1 All ER 446}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\ai\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 
There a son had built on land owned by his father who died leaving his estate to others.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 
 Lord Denning MR, with whom Danckwerts and Salmon L JJ agreed, said that all that was necessary;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 
"... is that the licensee should, at the request or with the encouragement of the landlord, have spent the money in expectation of being allowed to stay there. If so, the court will not allow that expectation t
o be defeated where it would be inequitable so to do."(ibid, 37,449).
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid6293632\charrsid3156 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 The general rule, however, is that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 "liabilities are not to be forced upon people behind their backs" }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 and four conditions must be satisfied before proprietary estoppel applies.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid2892644 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 There must be an expenditure, a mistaken belief, conscious silence on the part of the owner of the land and no bar to the equity ..."}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 Conscious silence"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156  implies knowledge on the part of the defendant that the plaintiff was incurring the expenditure and in the mis
taken belief that here was a contract to purchase and that here defendant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 "stood by"}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156  without enlightening the plaintiff. In short the plaintiff must establish fraud or unconscionable }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid2892644\charrsid3156 behaviour}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 
. The rule based on the cases cited, is stated in Snell (op cit) 566 as follows:
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li1418\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid6293632\charrsid3156 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 
"Knowledge of the mistake makes it dishonest for him to remain willfully passive in order afterwards to profit by the mistake he might have prevented. The knowledge must accordingly be proved by "strong and congent evidence"
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid6293632\charrsid3156 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 This passage was adopted by Megarry J in Re Vandervell}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3156 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 s Trusts (No 2)[1974] Ch 269,301[1974] 1 All ER 47, 74".}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid2892644 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 13. The above, was quoted in the case of HBC 40 of 2009 in the High Court Fiji at Labasa in the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 Wilfred Thomas Peter V Hira Lal and Farasiko}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 by Justice Anjala Wati and stated: 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li1418\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1418\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid6293632\charrsid3156 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li1701\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1701\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid3156 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \ai\af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 I must analyse whether the four conditions have been met for the defense of proprietary estoppel to apply. The four conditions are:}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 i. An expenditure;
\par ii. A mistaken belief
\par iii. Conscious silence on the part of the owner of the land; and
\par iv. No bar to the equity.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs18 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid6293632\charrsid3156 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe3081\langnp2057\langfenp3081\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 
14. Though the Defendant could not produce any evidence of expenditure on property, the issue of such evidence cannot be determined by affidavit evidence alone. A person who thinks that he owns the property would no
t keep receipts of expenses on it for over 30 years and in any event the Defendant has come to the property through a marriage and under the circumstances it is understandable that she could not produce any evidence of expenses on the property, which she 
claimed was done by her father in law, before she came to reside there, 30 years ago. 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7689193\charrsid3156 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522426\charrsid3156 CONCLUSIONS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522426 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14765877\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 [11].\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14765877\charrsid3156 After considering all, I am of the view that the defendant has shown sufficient cause to remain in possession. My reasons follow:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14765877 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6293632\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6293632\charrsid3156 the defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3156 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6293632\charrsid3156 s case theory supports an arguable case for proprietary estoppel.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3156  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6293632\charrsid3156 She and her husband, allegedly, had moved on to the property in question }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1277235\charrsid3156 encouraged by her father, the plaintiff, and on the promise that he would bequeath the property to her and husband.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14765877 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1277235\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1277235\charrsid3156 
such a promise is not unthinkable for a father to make so it is not an unthinkable and/or a far-fetched thing to say.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1277235 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1277235\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1277235\charrsid3156 
relying on that promise, she and her husband had expended money on improvements.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1277235 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3156\charrsid3156 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s15 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1277235\charrsid3156 \hich\af0\dbch\af31506\loch\f0 (iv)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1277235\charrsid3156 
the allegations and cross-allegations of both parties are triable issues and cannot be determined on affidavit evidence.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10645098\charrsid3156 
\par Accordingly, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1277235\charrsid3156 I dismiss the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3156 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1277235\charrsid3156 s summons. Costs follow the event and I award costs to the defendant which I summarily assess at $650-00 (six hundred and fifty dollars only).}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14765877\charrsid3156 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156 \rtlch\fcs1 \af31507\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f31506\fs22\lang3081\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp3081\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1277235\charrsid3156 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12977630\charrsid3156 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3156 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14765877\charrsid3156 .....................................

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14765877\charrsid3156 Master Tuilevuka
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2902311\charrsid3156 01 August 2013.
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