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\cs19\fs20\insrsid5403833\charrsid11293349  PAGE }}{\fldrslt {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid4751215 12}}}\sectd \ltrsect\linex0\endnhere\sectdefaultcl\sftnbj {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 
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Naibuka Nayamu Vuata Narisia}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af38\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f38\fs20\insrsid5403833\charrsid5779552   V }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af38\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs19\f38\fs20\insrsid5403833 Minister Of Mineral Resources  - HBC 192 of 2006}{\rtlch\fcs1 
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\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2241316\charrsid2250405 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT LAUTOKA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2241316\charrsid2250405 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid4222178 Civil Action No: HBC 192 of 2006L
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4222178 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid4222178 BETWEEN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4222178 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 MALAKAI ROKOTAKALA NARISIA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405  of Narewa, Nadi,

\par Businessman as next friend of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 NAIBUKA NAYAMU VUATA NARISIA}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405  Father}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405\charrsid2250405 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 s name Malakai Rokotakala Narisia of Narewa, Nadi, Student, Minor.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid4222178 Plaintiff
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4222178 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid4222178 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4222178 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 THE MINISTER FOR MINERAL RESOURCES}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 
 of the Republic of Fiji Islands.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4222178 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid4222178 1st Defendant
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4222178 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid4222178 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4222178 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 RAGHWAN}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405  trading as Raghwan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405\charrsid2250405 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 s store of Narewa, Nadi.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid4222178 2nd Defendant
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4222178 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid4222178 AND}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4222178 
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 THE MINISTER FOR JUSTICE & ATTORNEY
\par GENERAL}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405  of the Republic of Fiji Islands.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \ab\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 

\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid4222178 3rd Defendant
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 
\par FINAL JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 
\par Judgment of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4222178  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405\charrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 Ms. Dias Wickramasinghe J.
\par 
\par Counsel }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 R. Singh for the Plaintiff
\par :Mr S.D Turaga for the 1st & 3rd Defendants
\par :}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405\charrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 Ms Vasantika Patel for the 2nd Defendant
\par 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 Solicitors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 : Messrs Patel & Sharma for the Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 
\par Defendants.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405\charrsid2250405  : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405\charrsid2250405 
Office of the Solicitor-General for 1st & 3rd 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 : Vasantika Patel Law for the 2nd Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2241316\charrsid2250405 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4675751\charrsid2250405 Date of judgment : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4675751\charrsid2250405 1}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405  May 2012
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2250405 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li18\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin18\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405\charrsid2250405 Keywords: 
personal injury caused by fire crackers; damages
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2250405 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2241316\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \fi-2520\li2520\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2520\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840056\charrsid2250405 INTRODUCTION}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 It is a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190875\charrsid2250405  cardinal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405  principle}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6507190\charrsid2250405 that a court}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190875\charrsid2250405  of law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6507190\charrsid2250405  must n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 ot be }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190875\charrsid2250405 emotively }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 moved}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 despite sympathetic causes. The matter before me is such}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10102914\charrsid2250405  a cause where a}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190875\charrsid2250405 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10102914\charrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6507190\charrsid2250405 eight }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 year old}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190875\charrsid2250405 -}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405  plaintiff lost the permanent vision in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10102914\charrsid2250405 left}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405  eye whilst playfully pulling a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6507190\charrsid2250405 defective }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 fire cracker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6507190\charrsid2250405  with his friends on 10 October 2003}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 . He is seeking damages from the shop keeper}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190875\charrsid2250405 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405  the second defendan}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190875\charrsid2250405 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 
t who sold the fire cracker to him and the government for lack of regulatory framework and supervisory}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 controls over the sales of fire crackers.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11160068\charrsid2250405 The action is filed by the father as the next friend of the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11160068\charrsid2250405 plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190875\charrsid2250405 , who is a minor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11160068\charrsid2250405 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2250405 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 BACKGROUND FACTS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4222178\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 
The following facts in this case are admitted by all parties.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10102914\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10102914\charrsid2250405 The plaintiff who was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190875\charrsid2250405 eight}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405  years old at the time of th
e incident lived in Narewa, Nadi. Both parents of the plaintiff were employed and the grandparents and a maternal aunt looked after the plaintiff and his siblings. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7341532\charrsid2250405 The second defendant ran a small grocery shop in the village}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190875\charrsid2250405 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7341532\charrsid2250405  and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190875\charrsid2250405 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7341532\charrsid2250405  on the date of the accident}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190875\charrsid2250405 , he}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7341532\charrsid2250405  had sold firecrackers to the plaintiff.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7341532\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 On the date of the incident, the family had }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10102914\charrsid2250405 gone }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14503038\charrsid2250405 on picnic}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10102914\charrsid2250405  with the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14503038\charrsid2250405 grandparent}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10102914\charrsid2250405 s and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7341532\charrsid2250405 his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10102914\charrsid2250405 cousin}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7341532\charrsid2250405 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10102914\charrsid2250405 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7341532\charrsid2250405 After swimming and playing at the beach, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10102914\charrsid2250405 plaintiff had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7341532\charrsid2250405 also }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10102914\charrsid2250405 lit firecrackers he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7341532\charrsid2250405 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10102914\charrsid2250405 purchased from the second defendant at the beach}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16517856\charrsid2250405  along with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16517856\charrsid2250405 others}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10102914\charrsid2250405 . After returning home, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15664033\charrsid2250405 plaintiff had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16517856\charrsid2250405  joined some of his friends in front of his grandfather}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16517856\charrsid2250405 s house to play}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190875\charrsid2250405 ;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16517856\charrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10102914\charrsid2250405 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190875\charrsid2250405 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10102914\charrsid2250405  at one point }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16517856\charrsid2250405 had played }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10102914\charrsid2250405 with the firecrackers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16517856\charrsid2250405  which exploded injuring his hand and eye. The a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 dults}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16517856\charrsid2250405  had been inside the house. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 
Although it was not evident how many firecrackers }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16517856\charrsid2250405 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16517856\charrsid2250405 plaintiff had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 purchased, it appears he had}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 many as he used both at the beach a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10102914\charrsid2250405 nd at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405  the place where the incident occurred.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid787261\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid787261\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 HEARING}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16517856\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779552\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779552\charrsid2250405 In support of the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779552\charrsid2250405 s case PW1 plaintiff; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779552\charrsid2250405 PW2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779552\charrsid2250405  Dr Mark Rudel, Eye specialsit Suva Private Hospital; }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779552\charrsid2250405 PW3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779552\charrsid2250405  Malakai Narisia(father); }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779552\charrsid2250405 PW4}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779552\charrsid2250405  Emele Buluilagi Naria (mother) gave evidence. DW1, the second defendant gave evidence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779552\charrsid2250405 in support of his defence and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779552\charrsid2250405  DW2}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779552\charrsid2250405  Dr }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190875\charrsid2250405 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779552\charrsid2250405 araivini Rakabu Medical}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190875\charrsid2250405  O}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779552\charrsid2250405 fficer }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779552\charrsid2250405 DW2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779552\charrsid2250405  Seema Sharma Assistant Director Department of Fair}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779552\charrsid2250405 Tradingand }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779552\charrsid2250405 DW3- }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779552\charrsid2250405 Venasio Marara}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779552\charrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779552\charrsid2250405 gave evidence in support of the defence of first and third defendants.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid787261\charrsid2250405 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779552\charrsid2250405 C}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid787261\charrsid2250405 ause}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid787261\charrsid2250405 of action
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid787261\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid787261\charrsid2250405 The st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779552\charrsid2250405 at}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid787261\charrsid2250405 ement of claim sets out the following causes of action.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid277222\charrsid2250405 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid787261\charrsid2250405 Against the first and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190875\charrsid2250405 Other}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid787261\charrsid2250405  defendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid277222\charrsid2250405 
\par 
\par The plaintiff alleged at paragraph 8 of the Statement of Claim that the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid277222\charrsid2250405 first}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid277222\charrsid2250405 defendant, the Minister for Mineral Resources, had failed in his duty of care under the Explosives Act,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid277222\charrsid2250405 to the safety of the minor in regard to the following responsibilities:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid277222\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid277222\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls7\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid277222\charrsid2250405 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 failure to prohibit the importation of the harmful explosive;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid277222\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (b)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
failure to prohibit the distribution of the harmful explosive;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid277222\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (c)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
failure to prohibit the sale and or retail of the harmful explosive;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid277222\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (d)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 failure to regulate the i
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 mportation, distribution, sale and/or retail of the harmful explosive.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid277222 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4222178\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx0\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid787261\charrsid2250405 Against the second defendant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid787261\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid277222\charrsid2250405 
\par At paragraph 9 of the Statement of Claim, the plaintiff alleged that the second defendant breached the following}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4222178  duty of care to the plaintiff.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3419236 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4222178\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid277222\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid277222\charrsid2250405 The secon
d defendant sold the harmful Explosives to the plaintiff, a minor;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid277222\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}
The second defendant failed to warn the plaintiff of the dangers inherent in the use of the harmful explosives. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid277222\charrsid2250405 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1059479\charrsid2250405 EVIDENCE}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1059479\charrsid2250405 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9263866\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405 
The plaintiff in his evidence reconfirmed the admitted }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12854750\charrsid2250405 facts, which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405  led to the injury in detail. On the date of the incident he and his cousins had been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405 under his grandfather}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405 s care,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190875\charrsid2250405 as}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405  they had gone on a picnic }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190875\charrsid2250405 and were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405 swimming,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190875\charrsid2250405 playing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405  and pulling firecrackers. He explained the incident in detail }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4675751\charrsid2250405 how he pulled the
 firecracker and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405  a spark went to his eye}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4675751\charrsid2250405 losing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405  his vision. When the inciden}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190875\charrsid2250405 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405  took place}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190875\charrsid2250405 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405  about ten children had been playing}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405 without any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405 adult supervision. He explained the pain and his suffering during that time. He said currently he could not}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405 see anything from the eye.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405 The parents who gave evidence }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779552\charrsid2250405 for the plaintiff informed court that they were both }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405 working}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779552\charrsid2250405 
 on the day of the accident and the plaintiff was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190875\charrsid2250405 under}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779552\charrsid2250405  the care of the grandparents. N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405 o sooner they learn}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6190875\charrsid2250405 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405  about the inciden}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561517\charrsid2250405 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405  they had return
ed and taken the plaintiff to a local doctor who treated the child on eye drops. Later }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid22213\charrsid2250405 when }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405 there was no impro}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid22213\charrsid2250405 ve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405 ment}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid22213\charrsid2250405 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405  the child was shown }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid22213\charrsid2250405 to a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405  second doctor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid22213\charrsid2250405  who had recommend that the chi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405 ld be admitted to the Lautoka }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561517\charrsid2250405 H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405 ospital.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779552\charrsid2250405  Dr Mark Rudell then saw the p
atient and immediately transferred to New Zealand for further treatment. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid66979\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9263866\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9263866\charrsid2250405 The second defendant, Raghwan, 80 years old}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561517\charrsid2250405 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9263866\charrsid2250405  in his evidence said that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561517\charrsid2250405 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9263866\charrsid2250405 had }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561517\charrsid2250405 been running }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9263866\charrsid2250405 the shop for about 15 years and knew the plaintiff and his father well as his customers and neighbor. He said he purchased the fire crackers from Ru}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561517\charrsid2250405 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9263866\charrsid2250405 s Big Bear and has a stock of approximatel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405 y $30 to $40 in his shop. Most }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9263866\charrsid2250405 of th}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9263866\charrsid2250405  fire crackers were }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067616\charrsid2250405 small crackers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9263866\charrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067616\charrsid2250405 and star}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9263866\charrsid2250405  sparklers. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067616\charrsid2250405 He }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067616\charrsid2250405 aid he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405 pu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12854750\charrsid2250405 rchased}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067616\charrsid2250405 the crackers for Deewali festival.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067616\charrsid2250405 In his }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13848676\charrsid2250405 evidence,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067616\charrsid2250405  he said he does not have a license to sell the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13848676\charrsid2250405 firecrackers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067616\charrsid2250405  and was unaware that he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13848676\charrsid2250405 needs}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067616\charrsid2250405  a license to sell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13848676\charrsid2250405 firecrackers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067616\charrsid2250405 . He said price }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13848676\charrsid2250405 control}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067616\charrsid2250405  officers visited the shop every three to four months but was never told he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13848676\charrsid2250405 needs
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067616\charrsid2250405  a license to sell the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13848676\charrsid2250405 firecrackers}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067616\charrsid2250405 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13848676\charrsid2250405 
He also admitted that he did not have a safety instruction of using fire crackers outside his shop. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13201357\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13201357\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid13201357\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid13201357\charrsid2250405 The 2nd Defendant warned the minor plaintiff at the time of purchase not to play with it until he got home after asking who was at home at the time.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid13201357\charrsid2250405 
The minor Plaintiff had told him that his aunty was at home. He then told the minor Plaintiff to show the firecracker to his aunt.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid13201357\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid13201357\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid13201357\charrsid2250405 The witness also maintained that neither of the parents had visited the second defendant about any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid13201357\charrsid2250405 injury to the minor plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid13201357\charrsid2250405 s left eye after}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid13201357\charrsid2250405 playing with the pulling fire}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid15561517\charrsid2250405 cracker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid13201357\charrsid2250405 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid13201357\charrsid2250405 
The second defendant was not served with any letter before action. The first time he became aware of this matter was when he was served with the writ of summons in this action.
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067616\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067616\charrsid2250405 He also said that there are four other retail shops in the neighborhood that sell }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13848676\charrsid2250405 firecrackers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067616\charrsid2250405 . He admitte}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13201357\charrsid2250405 d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067616\charrsid2250405  selling firecrackers to children 8 ot 9 during the De}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13848676\charrsid2250405 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067616\charrsid2250405 wali season. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9263866\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13201357\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid13201357\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid13201357\charrsid2250405 
DW-1 Dr Taraivini Rakabu, a medical officer with the Eye Department at CWM Hospital in Suva, stated in cross-examination by the Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid13201357\charrsid2250405 s counsel that it was not possible to say whether it was the infection or the injury itself, which made the eye blind.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13201357\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13201357\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13848676\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13848676\charrsid2250405 DW2 Seema Sharma in her evidence said that in 1999 a 13 year old boy lost his life which resulted}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561517\charrsid2250405  in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13848676\charrsid2250405 
 the government banning the sale of all types of fireworks for three months. The temporary ban had been thereafter extended till 2001. On 12 July 2002, the temporary ban had been lifted for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13848676\charrsid2250405 pulling fireworks}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13848676\charrsid2250405 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13201357\charrsid2250405 In addition, the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290196\charrsid2250405  inspecti
on for licensed shops commenced 2 to 3 weeks prior to the Diwali throughout Fiji.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290196\charrsid2250405 She also confirmed that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15664033\charrsid2250405 
team of officers from Fair Trading and Mineral Resources Department carries out the inspections}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290196\charrsid2250405  and the price control officers do not assist in the i
nspections for firecrackers. She also said that pulling }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840056\charrsid2250405 firecrackers are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290196\charrsid2250405  imported and not locally manufactured. She also said that many }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561517\charrsid2250405 awareness}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15290196\charrsid2250405  programs are carried out through out Fiji in all languages since 2000. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8931748\charrsid2250405 Since 2004 sale of pulling crackers had been banned in Fiji keeping in line with the UN standard protection of person and property.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8931748\charrsid2250405 In cross-examination she said that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561517\charrsid2250405 during}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8931748\charrsid2250405 
 inspections of the shops they confiscate articles. she said she does not have the information of mechanism used in finding the importer. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13848676\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8931748\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8931748\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8931748\charrsid2250405 
DW3 Venasio Marasa in his evidence said that Fiji do}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561517\charrsid2250405 es}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8931748\charrsid2250405  not have local manufactures of firecrackers and most of the firecrackers are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8931748\charrsid2250405 imported from China. The industrial explosives from New Zealand and fireworks are regulated by individual license. Regulation 20 of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561517\charrsid2250405 E}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8931748\charrsid2250405 
xplosive Act requires the retailer to obtain a license for sale. Regulation 84 specifies an age limit for sale. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13333695\charrsid2250405 He also said }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561517\charrsid2250405 there}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13333695\charrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561517\charrsid2250405 we}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13333695\charrsid2250405 re awareness weeks }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561517\charrsid2250405 before}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13333695\charrsid2250405  to Diwali. He also said that pulling fireworks were always dangerous }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561517\charrsid2250405 and they were}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13333695\charrsid2250405  totally prohibited }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561517\charrsid2250405 in}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13333695\charrsid2250405  2004. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3102268\charrsid2250405 cross-examination,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13333695\charrsid2250405  he said inspections were generally carried out }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561517\charrsid2250405 o}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13333695\charrsid2250405 n the main roads and main streets in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561517\charrsid2250405 N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13333695\charrsid2250405 adi and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561517\charrsid2250405 N}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13333695\charrsid2250405 asusori}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15561517\charrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13333695\charrsid2250405 and not in Narewa. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8931748\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 UNDISPUTED FACTS }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 The first defendant in his written submissions set out the agreed facts reached at the Pre- Trial Stage, and the facts that were uncontested at the hearing which I reproduce below. 

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that the 1\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 st\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Defendant has the powers and duty to prohibit the manufacture, importation, distribution or sale of fire\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
works within the jurisdiction pursuant to the Explosive Act (Cap 189) and its Regulation;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that the 2\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nd\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Defendant operates a shop opposite Narewa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 village and that he is}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 well known to the villagers;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that the minor, on his own accord purchased fireworks f\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 rom the 2\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nd\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Defendant shop on the morning of 10\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 th
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  of October 2003;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that the minor bought}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a packet of firecrackers knowing full well that his father [Plaintiff] expressly forbids him to buy or play with the same;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (c)\tab the type of firecrackers bought by th\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e minor is widely known as }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 pulling firecrackers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  and it ignites when strings tied to its opposite ends are pulled away from each other;

\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (d)\tab that the minor had taken his packet of firecrackers when we went picnic with his friends and grandfather on the be\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ach on the morning of 10\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 th
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  October 2003 and had ignited some fire-crackers there;
\par 
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (e)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 subsequently, after they had returned to the village, the minor wanted to pull another pulling fire-cracker but it exploded in his face and immediately felt the pain in his\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
 left eye and his vision became blurry;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (f)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at the time of the accident to the minor, both parents were at work;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (g)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that the minor first underwent treatment at a General Medical Practitioner, Nadi and when his situation did not improve, Plaintiff referred him t\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 o the Eye Department,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Lautoka Hospital and subsequently at Auckland, New Zealand to undergo operation;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (h)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that the minor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s had lost his sight in his left- eye;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that the 2\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nd\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Defendant did not have a requisite license to sell fire- crackers pursuant to the E\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
xplosive Act and that he was not aware of the said requirement;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (j)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that the 2\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nd\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Defendant was not aware of the legal requirement that explosives cannot be sold to people under the age of eighteen (18) years old;
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (k)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 pulling fireworks}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  was permitted ty\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
pe or exempted from the list of declared fireworks considered dangerous pursuant to Legal Notice No. 40 \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0  Fiji Island \tab Gazette No. 17 Friday, 12\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  July, 2002 on the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Declaration of Firecrackers and Fireworks as Dangerous Goods}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  pursuant to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Trade Standa\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 rd and Quality Control Decree 1992 (Decree No. 24 of 1992}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 );}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (l)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that in Legal Notice No. 45 \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0  Fiji Island Gazette No. 19 Friday, 18\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  June, 2004 on the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Declaration of Fireworks as Dangerous Goods}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  pursuant to the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
Trade Standard and Quality Control Decree 199\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 2 (Decree No. 24 of 1992)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
pulling/string firecrackers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  was declared as a non \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0  permitted /prohibited fireworks under the said Declaration. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2250405\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16455167\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ISSUES}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1059479\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269490\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4004881\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4004881\charrsid2250405 T}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 he issues for the determination of the court are as follows:\tab  
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The extent of the injury sustained b\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 y the minor on the 10\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  October 2003;}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 What type of medical treatment did the minor obtain for the injuries sustained by him?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Whether the first defendant breached its duty under the Explosives Act (Cap 189) by allowing the importation, sale and or retail \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 
of the fireworks, and, by failing to regulate the importation, distribution, sale and/or retail of the said fireworks?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Whether the second defendant breached his duty of care in selling the said firework to the Plaintiff (minor)?}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (e)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 If liability is determine\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d, what is the appropriate quantum of damages to be paid by the first and/or second defendants jointly and/or severally.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2250405 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2250405 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 LEGAL MATRIX
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2250405\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2250405 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 Liability of first and third defendants
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5857527\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5857527\charrsid2250405 Paragraph 2 of the written submissions of the 
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11160068\charrsid2250405 first and third defendants }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5857527\charrsid2250405 sets out the }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4004881\charrsid2250405 their defence}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5857527\charrsid2250405 
 in detail. Primarily the defence is that the defendant had taken adequate measures to educate the public and the injury sustained by the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15875812\charrsid2250405  was}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5857527\charrsid2250405  resulted due to the negligence of the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5857527\charrsid2250405 s parents. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11160068\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5857527\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2294396\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2294396\charrsid2250405 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269490\charrsid2250405 first and third d}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3428399\charrsid2250405 efendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3428399\charrsid2250405 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2294396\charrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3428399\charrsid2250405 supplementary}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2294396\charrsid2250405  bundle of documents confirms that with effect from 12 November 1999}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269490\charrsid2250405 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12269490 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\super\insrsid5403833 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5403833  Supplementary bundle - Doc 1}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2294396\charrsid2250405 
, the government had impose}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3428399\charrsid2250405 d a temporary ban}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2294396\charrsid2250405  on }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3428399\charrsid2250405 supply and sale of firecrackers. The said notice}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3428399\charrsid2250405 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269490\charrsid2250405 t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3428399\charrsid2250405 ates that the ban was necessary to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3428399\charrsid2250405 allow for the consultatio
ns within government and to review submissions for the general public in formalizing appropriate regulatory controls on fire crackers. The said ban was thereafter further extended for another six months.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6113424\charrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3428399\charrsid2250405 (Legal notice 37- Gazette notification of 15 April 2000)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269490\charrsid2250405 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12269490 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\super\insrsid5403833 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5403833  Supplementary bundle - Doc 3}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3428399\charrsid2250405 . The temporary }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6113424\charrsid2250405 
ban for several firecrackers including pulling fireworks was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3428399\charrsid2250405  then lifted on 17 May 2000}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6113424\charrsid2250405 (legal}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3428399\charrsid2250405  notice 51)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6113424\charrsid2250405 . Thereafter by gazette of 12 July 2002, No 17 (legal notice 40)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269490\charrsid2250405 \chftn 
{\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12269490 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\super\insrsid5403833 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5403833  Supplementary bundle - Doc 4}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6113424\charrsid2250405 
 the government after considering a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269490\charrsid2250405 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6113424\charrsid2250405 
eport from the Trade and Advisory Standards Council declared firecrackers and fireworks as dangerous goods with the exclusion of certain }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269490\charrsid2250405 
firecrackers, which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6113424\charrsid2250405  included pulling fireworks. On 18 June }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269490\charrsid2250405 2004,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6113424\charrsid2250405  the government declared pulling }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269490\charrsid2250405 firecrackers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6113424\charrsid2250405  as dangerous goods considering a repor
t of the Trade and Advisory Standards Council}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269490\charrsid2250405 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar
\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12269490 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\cs23\super\insrsid5403833 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5403833  Supplementary bundle - Doc 10}}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6113424\charrsid2250405 . The gazette especially says that the }
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269490\charrsid2250405 
it was satisfied that the declaration is necessary to avert risk of injury and the government policy at that time determined that the matter cannot be dealt by prescription of safety standards. On 22 October 2004, the Mineral Resources Department }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8652592\charrsid2250405 published a}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269490\charrsid2250405  public notice }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8652592\charrsid2250405 inter alia }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269490\charrsid2250405 prohibiting the purchase of firecrackers by persons }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8652592\charrsid2250405 less than}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12269490\charrsid2250405  18 years of age}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8652592\charrsid2250405 \chftn {\footnote \ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \rtlch\fcs1 
\af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\super\insrsid5403833 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5403833  Supplementary bundle - Doc 11. }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8652592\charrsid2250405 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9245563\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8652592\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8652592\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8652592\charrsid2250405 
The above government policy clearly established that several measures were taken to curb the injuries cause by firecrackers. The father of the plaintiff in his evidence said that there were several awareness programs }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8652592\charrsid2250405 elating to use of firecrack}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 ers although the second defendant said he was unaware of them.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732492\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732492\charrsid2250405 Mr Turanga who appeared for the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1732492\charrsid2250405 first and third }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11939089\charrsid2250405 defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361964\charrsid2250405 s explicitly set out the provisions of the law relating to sale of explosives. 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361964\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361964\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361964\charrsid2250405  Having considered the statutory provisions carefully, I find that as at 10 October 2003, the measure afforded by the government were somewhat different to the current measures. 

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361964\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361964\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361964\charrsid2250405 The government placed age restrictions only from 22 October 2004, that to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15875812\charrsid2250405 o,}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361964\charrsid2250405  by prohibiting a person less than 18 years of age}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932917\charrsid2250405 
 purchasing same}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361964\charrsid2250405 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932917\charrsid2250405 
Therefore as at 10 October 2003, there were no statutory measures to either prevent or restrict sale of firecrackers to minors}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361964\charrsid2250405 \chftn {\footnote 
\ltrpar \pard\plain \ltrpar\s21\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10361964 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs20\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f37\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \cs23\super\insrsid5403833 \chftn }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \insrsid5403833  Supplementary bundle - Doc 11. }}}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932917\charrsid2250405 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932917\charrsid2250405 
Up to date the second defendant was not charged for the sale of the firecracker to the plaintiff and the reason could be the inadequacy of the law as it stood on that date. Moreover the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932917\charrsid2250405 second defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932917\charrsid2250405 s shop was not supervised relating to the sale of the firecrackers. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4675751\charrsid2250405 Admittedly, only main shops are supervised during the leading to festive seasons. The temporary ban that was in force subsequently permitted the sale of firecrackers in 2
001. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932917\charrsid2250405 An uncontested evidence at the trial revealed that a child}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932917\charrsid2250405 s head was blown off }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4675751\charrsid2250405 by using a firecracker, }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932917\charrsid2250405 which resulted the government finally prohibiting the sale of pu}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15664033\charrsid2250405 l}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932917\charrsid2250405 ling firecrackers in Fiji}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4675751\charrsid2250405  in October 2004}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932917\charrsid2250405 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4675751\charrsid2250405  Until such time in 2004, the statutory measures were inadequate. 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4675751\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4675751\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4675751\charrsid2250405 The }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5447435\charrsid2250405 sample of the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4675751\charrsid2250405 firecracker that was used by the plaintiff was}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5447435\charrsid2250405 
 produced in court. It is approximately the size of a }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13135519\charrsid2250405 short matchstick}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5447435\charrsid2250405  with two strings attached to the end. When the two st}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15664033\charrsid2250405 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5447435\charrsid2250405 ings are pulled}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13135519\charrsid2250405 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5447435\charrsid2250405 it explode}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13135519\charrsid2250405 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5447435\charrsid2250405  with a sound. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13135519\charrsid2250405 Clearly,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5447435\charrsid2250405  this is a firecracker manufactured }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13135519\charrsid2250405 for children}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5447435\charrsid2250405 . The packet does }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13135519\charrsid2250405 contain }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5447435\charrsid2250405 usage instructions. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13135519\charrsid2250405 However,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5447435\charrsid2250405  a minor would hardly understand those instructions. Moreover the size and the manner of using the firecracker is as such one needs to hold it either at ey}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13135519\charrsid2250405 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5447435\charrsid2250405  level or a bit below }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13135519\charrsid2250405 or up }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5447435\charrsid2250405 as one must pull the strings on either side of the firecracker. In my }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13135519\charrsid2250405 mind,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5447435\charrsid2250405 
 it is a type of a firecracker that could cause immense }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13135519\charrsid2250405 harm and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5447435\charrsid2250405 dangers if a defective one is found. It is known that firecrackers are dangerous }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13135519\charrsid2250405 
and must}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5447435\charrsid2250405  be used strictly under parental guidance. Although it would }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15875812\charrsid2250405 be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5447435\charrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13135519\charrsid2250405 mandatory that each firecracker must be perfectly manufactured, the usage reveals the existence of occasional defective crackers. These are consideration that must be made befor
e permitting its importation. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 The Legal Notice No. 40 gazetted on the 4 July 2002 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 [Document No. 6}
{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid12854750\charrsid2250405 ] by}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid15875812\charrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 the Minister for Commerce, Business Development and Investment declared }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 "}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 ..}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid15875812\charrsid2250405 Firecrackers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405  and fireworks as dangerous goods }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 
except for those permitted firecrackers and fireworks specified in the Schedule listed.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 The pulling firecracker therefore became }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid15875812\charrsid2250405 a permitted item}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405  for sale. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 It is only on 22 October 2004}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15875812\charrsid2250405 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12854750\charrsid2250405  where}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405  the sale }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15875812\charrsid2250405 and}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405  its importation }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15875812\charrsid2250405 became prohibited}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12854750\charrsid2250405 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12854750\charrsid2250405 And}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15875812\charrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13135519\charrsid2250405 the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15875812\charrsid2250405  got harmed permanently before the ban.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5447435\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5447435\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4675751\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [26]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4675751\charrsid2250405  In the circumstances, I conclude as at 10 October 2003, the statutory controls and supervision of firecrackers of the second defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4675751\charrsid2250405 
s shop by the first and the third defendants were inadequate and thus they become liable for the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4675751\charrsid2250405 s injuries. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid13135519\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2250405 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid13135519\charrsid2250405 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Liability of the second defendant }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af0\hich\af0\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid10361964\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13135519\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361964\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [27]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361964\charrsid2250405 
The issue is as at 10 October 2003 whether the second defendant was statutorily restricted to sell firecrackers to a minor.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10361964\charrsid2250405 Ms Patel in her written submissions said that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [28]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 It is the first and third defendant}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 s case that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 
Reg. 84 made under the Explosive Act restrict the sale of fireworks to persons under the age of 18 years of age. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [29]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 Regulation 84 reads: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 No person under the age of 18 years shall }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 
handle, charge or explode an explosive or be permitted to do so}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [30]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 Ms Patel argues that }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid12480442\charrsid2250405 the restriction in regulation}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid12480442\charrsid2250405 84 is restricted to the rubric }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 Part IX}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 ' }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid12480442\charrsid2250405 which deals with }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405  in the Explosives Regulations. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid12480442\charrsid2250405 She argues that regulation 84 }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 does}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid12480442\charrsid2250405  not apply }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 to buying or selling fireworks}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid12480442\charrsid2250405 . }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 Sale, Possession and Purchase }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid12480442\charrsid2250405 are regulated }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 under Part VII of the Explosives }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid12854750\charrsid2250405 Regulations, which}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid12480442\charrsid2250405  do not }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 regulat}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid12480442\charrsid2250405 
e the age for sale, possession or purchase. She therefore argues that the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 minor }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid12480442\charrsid2250405 p}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 laintiff could have purchased }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405  firework in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 any}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405  of the shops m
entioned by Seema Sanjini Sharma and Mr Vanasio Nasara}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid12480442\charrsid2250405 s evidence wh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid12147277\charrsid2250405 ere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid12480442\charrsid2250405  fireworks }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid12147277\charrsid2250405 were sold }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid12480442\charrsid2250405 or even at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 Rups or Vinod Patel or M.H}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 s in Nadi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid12480442\charrsid2250405 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid12480442\charrsid2250405 I agree with Ms Patel}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid12480442\charrsid2250405 s argument and find that even to date there }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 
is no age restriction on the sale of fireworks in Fiji.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid13976955\charrsid2250405  The restriction placed in 2004 only related to purchase thereby making limit}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid12147277\charrsid2250405 ations against}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid13976955\charrsid2250405  offe}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid12147277\charrsid2250405 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid13976955\charrsid2250405 ders be}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid12147277\charrsid2250405 i}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid13976955\charrsid2250405 n}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid12147277\charrsid2250405 g}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid13976955\charrsid2250405  charged for the specific offence.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13976955\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8080012\charrsid2250405 Common law liability
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8080012\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [31]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405 Moreover, as regards the Second Defendant, reference is made}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12147277\charrsid2250405  to}{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405  the case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405 Burfitt \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6712619\charrsid2250405 v-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405  A. &}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6712619\charrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405 E Kil}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6712619\charrsid2250405 lie [}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405 Kings Bench Division (Atkinson J.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6712619\charrsid2250405 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405 ], April 4, 1939,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405  in which Atkinson J Stated at page 375 that:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8080012\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2250405 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6712619\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405 The seller of goods who is not the manufacture}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12147277\charrsid2250405 r}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405  cannot control the manufacture, but it rests with him to determine to whom he will sell 
and to whom he will not. The duty resting upon him may, in some cases, be adequately performed by a proper warning. If it cannot, the duty must be to refrain from the sale. In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405 Bottomley \endash v- Bannister,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405 Scrutton L}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6712619\charrsid2250405 J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405 , who }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12147277\charrsid2250405 wa}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405 s really quoting what he had himself said in Hodge & Sons \endash v- Anglo American Oil Co. at page 187, said at p. 473:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4222178\charrsid2250405 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405 I go on to say: }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405 it is not quite clear what is the distinction between the other agency, which is no excuse, and the conscious act of volition, which is an excuse. P}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6712619\charrsid2250405 robably}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405  the 
owner fulfills his duty if he entrust the dangerous thing to a competent person who knows or is warned of the danger. I think that if the danger is caused by: (1) the negligence of the defendant in handing without warning a dangerous thing to a third part
y (2) the act of that third party in dealing reasonably with the thing, in ignorance of its dangerous character, the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6712619\charrsid2250405 Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405  would not be excused. If, however the Defendant hands the dangerous thing, with warning of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6712619\charrsid2250405 its}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405  character, though on to a competent person who knows of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6712619\charrsid2250405 its}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405 
 character, though neither the warning nor the knowledge is of the exact amount of the danger, I do not think the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6712619\charrsid2250405 Defendant}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405  is liable to third parties for the action of the receiver, which is unreasonable in view of this knowledge or warning. His action, I think, is }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405 nova causa interviniens.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2250405 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405 
This seems to recognize that a warning is not sufficient discharge of duty if the person to whom the chattel is delivered is not a competent person.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2250405 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6712619\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405 
Further, reference is made to the cas}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6712619\charrsid2250405 e}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405  of }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405 Maikeli Junior Nasolo \endash v-}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405 Evangeline Veena Singh}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405 & Ravendra Nath Sharma}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405 
, Lautoka High Court Civil Action No. HBC 118/2002L in which Connor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6712619\charrsid2250405 s J, in finding the Defendants}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405  liable on a claim for }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6712619\charrsid2250405 damages}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405  for personal injuries suffered by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6712619\charrsid2250405 minor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405  from a motor vehicle accident, stated as follows:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2250405 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405 Anare Robinson \endash v- Joseph Shackley & Another, HBC 0022 0f }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405 1990,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405 
 the court adopted the words of Underwood J in the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12147277\charrsid2250405 Tasmanian}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405  Supreme Court case of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405 Bullock \endash v- Miller [1987] Aust Torts Reports}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405 : }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405  young children h
ave limited perception, foresight and ability to make a decent judgment. Young people lack the capacity to recall and apply previously gained knowledge so as to avoid injury. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6712619\charrsid2250405 Imperviousness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid71031\charrsid2250405  selfishness and single-minded}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12147277\charrsid2250405 ness}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405  are}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid71031\charrsid2250405  all \'85\'85\'85\'85. anchoretic behavior are all characteristics of children.
}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405  The extent to which they govern behavior in situation}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid71031\charrsid2250405 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid71031\charrsid2250405 involving the risk}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405  of injury greatly dimi}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid71031\charrsid2250405 ni}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405 shes with maturity.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid2250405 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405 
With the authority of the above decisions, we submit that in the present case the decision }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13529810\charrsid2250405 of}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405  selling the harmful fireworks to the Plaintiff (Minor) }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13529810\charrsid2250405 rested }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405 with the Second Defendant. This duty could not have been adequately discharged by a proper warning in view of the Plaintiff (Minor}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405 s) age. In those circumstances it is our humble submission that the Second Defendant}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405 
s duty was to refrain from selling the harmful explosives to the Plaintiff (Minor). It would have been a different story if the harmful explosives were sold to a competent person who understood the nature of the harmful explosives but 
the present case is a clear case of negligence in failing to restrain from selling harmful explosives to an incompetent person such }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13529810\charrsid2250405 as }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405 a minor.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14897032\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13976955\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [32]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13976955\charrsid2250405 Ms Patel also argues that the dicta in}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 Burfitt v A & E Kille}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 [1939] 2 ALL ER 372 can be readily distinguished
 from the facts }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid13976955\charrsid2250405 of this case. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 Burfitt,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405  the items sold were a pistol and blank ammunition to a boy aged 12.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs24 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid0\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 Furthermore, under the Firearms Act 1937, the sale of the ammunition was unlawful to someone who was under 17 years of age. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4791555\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4791555\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [33]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4791555\charrsid2250405 As held in the case of Bullock v Miller (supra) the young plaintiff at the age of 8 only }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12147277\charrsid2250405 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4791555\charrsid2250405 ould ha}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12147277\charrsid2250405 ve}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4791555\charrsid2250405 
 limited perception foresight and ability to make a decent judgment. Even if explained}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12147277\charrsid2250405 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4791555\charrsid2250405 the dangers posed using a defective firecracker could not have }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12147277\charrsid2250405 been}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4791555\charrsid2250405  understood even if 
the warning label that was produced as exhibit 8 was explained to the young plaintiff.
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4791555\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4791555\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [34]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4791555\charrsid2250405 The second defendant says he asked the plaintiff who was at home and when the plaintiff said his aunt was at home}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13529810\charrsid2250405 , }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4791555\charrsid2250405 he then said to show it to her. He had not warned him
 of any of the dangers of the pulling firecracker or at least said not to pull the firecracker close to his eyes.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3933917\charrsid2250405 I admit that there was no statutory duty imposed on the second defendant restricting the sale. But I am fully satisfied that the second defendant had a common law}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3933917\charrsid2250405 duty of care towards the plaintiff not to permit the sale of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3933917\charrsid2250405 pulling fire crackers}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 ' }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4791555\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3933917\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3933917\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [35]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3933917\charrsid2250405 In the circumstances, I hold }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid673396\charrsid2250405 that}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3933917\charrsid2250405  second defendant is in breach of his common law duty of care as alleged in paragraph 9 of the statement of claim. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid397096\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4004881\charrsid2250405 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3933917\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 PARENTAL LIABILITY 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224675\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3933917\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [36]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3933917\charrsid2250405 Clearly the liability does not stop with first, second and third defendants. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224675\charrsid2250405 
Admittedly the plaintiff was in the grandparents and aunts care when both parents went to work.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224675\charrsid2250405 The father of the plaintiff says he had advised the p
laintiff not to play with firecrackers. I do not have similar evidence that he advised the caretakers of the child not to permit the plaintiff to play with firecrackers. Indeed the mother simply gave the money to an eight year old child to buy as he pleas
e
s without adult supervision. The plaintiff in his evidence admitted that he played with the firecrackers throughout the day before the grandfather. At no time was the plaintiff advised not to play with the pulling firecracker by the grandfather. When the 
incident took place}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11160068\charrsid2250405 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224675\charrsid2250405 
 the plaintiff was back at home and }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11160068\charrsid2250405 the plaintiff was }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5857527\charrsid2250405 playing with}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11160068\charrsid2250405 
 his friends without any type of adult supervision. As Ms Patel argues, the adults inside the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid673396\charrsid2250405 house ought}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12147277\charrsid2250405  to}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11160068\charrsid2250405  have known that the children outside w}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12147277\charrsid2250405 ere}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11160068\charrsid2250405  playing with firecra
ckers due to the sound it emanates. None worried which resulted the}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11160068\charrsid2250405 injury.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224675\charrsid2250405 Clearly}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11160068\charrsid2250405 ,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224675\charrsid2250405  the adult caretaker}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11160068\charrsid2250405 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224675\charrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5857527\charrsid2250405 including the parents }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224675\charrsid2250405 of the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11160068\charrsid2250405  also had a duty of care towards the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid224675\charrsid2250405 .}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5857527\charrsid2250405 I therefore conclude that the parents of the plaintiff also contributed to the negligence by breaching the duty of care owned to the plaintiff as parents to a minor.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8652592\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2250405 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3419236\charrsid2250405 DAMAGES}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1059479\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3419236\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5403833\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [37]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5403833\charrsid2250405 The Plaintiff prays for the following orders:
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5403833\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid5403833\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5403833\charrsid2250405 
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 medical expenses;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid5403833\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (b)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 General Damages and interest, 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid5403833\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (c)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Costs on Solicitor /Client Indemnity basis
\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ; and
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \s20 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af37\langnp2057\insrsid5403833\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (d)\tab}\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0  Any other order deemed just by }{\rtlch\fcs1 
\af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12147277\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5403833\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ourt.

\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4004881\charrsid2250405 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5403833\charrsid2250405 SPECIAL DAMAGES
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840056\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840056\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [38]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840056\charrsid2250405 At t}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3419236\charrsid2250405 he }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840056\charrsid2250405 hearing,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3419236\charrsid2250405  all parties agreed that the plaintiff sustained special damages of $1500.00. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5403833\charrsid2250405 
Accordingly,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1314879\charrsid2250405  I award $1500.00 as special damages. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8209491\charrsid2250405 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5403833\charrsid2250405 GENERAL DAMAGES}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5403833\charrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid883616\charrsid2250405 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid883616\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid883616\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [39]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid883616\charrsid2250405 Mr Singh, counsel for the p
laintiff cites following authorities in support. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid883616\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [40]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405 
The principles applicable to the assessment of damages were stated by Gibbs CJ and Wilson}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405  }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405 J in Todorovic \endash v- Waller [1981] HCA 72; 150 CLR 402 at page 412 in these terms:}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6507190\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2250405 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13529810\charrsid2250405 Certain}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5848543\charrsid2250405  fundamental principles 
are so well established that it is unnecessary to cite authorities in support of them. In the first place, a plaintiff who has been injured by the negligence of the defendant should be awarded such a sum of money as will, as nearly as possible, put him in
 
the same position as if he had not sustained the injuries,. Secondly, damages for one cause of action recovered once and forever, and (in the absence of any statutory exception) must be awarded as a lump sum; the court cannot order a defendant a defendant
 
to make periodic payments to the plaintiff. Thirdly, the court has no concern with the manner in which the plaintiff uses the sum awarded to him; the plaintiff is free to do what he likes with it. Fourthly, the burden lies on the plaintiff to prove the in
jury or loss for which he seeks damages.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 "}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13070219\charrsid2250405 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5848543\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5848543\charrsid2250405 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5848543\charrsid2250405 Kumaran \endash v- Satendra Prasad Construction ltd [2005] FJHC 568; HBC}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5848543\charrsid2250405  }{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5848543\charrsid2250405 127/2003L (12 August 2005)}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5848543\charrsid2250405 
 the High Court of Lautoka awarded $50,000.00 for pain and suffering (future and past) for loss of an eye to a gentleman who was 61 years of age at the time of incident.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13529810\charrsid2250405 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5848543\charrsid2250405 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13529810\charrsid2250405 Moses Archan J}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5848543\charrsid2250405 hon \endash v- Tebara Transport Limited HBC 327 of 2003}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5848543\charrsid2250405 
 the High Court awarded the sum of $45,000.00 to gentleman aged 20 at the time of the accident for pain and suffering.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13529810\charrsid2250405 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5848543\charrsid2250405 In }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5848543\charrsid2250405 Apimeleki Kava \endash 
v Jiko Fisheries Limited BHC 283 of 1996}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5848543\charrsid2250405  the court awarded the sum of $50,000.00 to a gentleman }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13529810\charrsid2250405 at }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5848543\charrsid2250405 
the age of 29 at the time of the accident for pain and suffering for loss of an eye.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13529810\charrsid2250405 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840056\charrsid2250405 Mr Singh }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5848543\charrsid2250405 argue}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840056\charrsid2250405 s}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5848543\charrsid2250405  that as it is a minor who has lost total sight and use 
of his one eye, due to his age, the burden of living with this condition for the rest of his life and there being no hope of any sight returning to }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid673396\charrsid2250405 
his eye}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5848543\charrsid2250405  general damages would be three fold, }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14047074\charrsid2250405 (}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5848543\charrsid2250405 $150,000.00}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14047074\charrsid2250405 )}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5848543\charrsid2250405  for future. This would cover damages for pain and suffering both past and future, loss of }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14047074\charrsid2250405 am}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5848543\charrsid2250405 
enities in life, enjoyment of life and disfigurement. General damages also encompass the loss of future earnings.
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840056\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840056\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [41]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840056\charrsid2250405 
The extent and the injuries suffered by the plaintiff is not contested. The plaintiff suffered per
manent impairment. Documents 1 to 5 in the agreed bundle of documents sets out the injuries and the medical conditions of the plaintiff, which is undisputed. 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840056\charrsid2250405 
\par The plaintiff in his evidence explained the pain and suffering, he underwent. He also explained 
how his life is restricted due to the injury such us being unable to participate in any sports, assist parents in the house construction, inability to stay under the sun for long periods. His friends at school call him names and that also gives embarrassm
ent to him and he has become shy to go out socially
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid883616\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid883616\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [42]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid883616\charrsid2250405 Having considered the evidence in }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840056\charrsid2250405 totality,}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid673396\charrsid2250405  I}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid883616\charrsid2250405  award a global figure of $40,000.00 as general damages. 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid883616\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid883616\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [43]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid883616\charrsid2250405 I have already given my reasons that all defendants are liable for damages and the plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 '}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid883616\charrsid2250405 s parents are liable for contributory negligence 
\par }\pard\plain \ltrpar\s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178\contextualspace \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 
\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\loch\af37\hich\af37\dbch\af37\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid883616\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid883616\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [44]\tab}}\pard\plain \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22\alang1025 \ltrch\fcs0 \f37\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid883616\charrsid2250405 In the circumstances, I ap}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4751215 portion the damages as follows.}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid883616 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4751215 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4751215\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2820232\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4751215 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2820232\charrsid2250405 Plaintiff}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2250405 '}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2820232\charrsid2250405 s parents -c}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid883616\charrsid2250405 ontributory negligence \endash  50%
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid883616\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}Breach of statutory duty of the first and third defendants \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 
\ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2820232\charrsid2250405  3}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid883616\charrsid2250405 0%
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid883616\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}Breach of duty of care by the }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid288388\charrsid2250405 second}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid883616\charrsid2250405  defendant \endash }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2820232\charrsid2250405  2}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid883616\charrsid2250405 0%
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid883616\charrsid2250405 
\par Interest 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2820232\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid883616\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [45]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid883616\charrsid2250405 I award }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2820232\charrsid2250405 the defendants to pay 6% interest on their portion of damages. }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid883616\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2820232\charrsid2250405 
\par Costs 
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13840056\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2820232\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [46]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2820232\charrsid2250405 
I summarily assess costs as $3000.00. The first and third defendants shall pay $2000.00 and the fir}{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid288388\charrsid2250405 st defendant shall pay $1000.00 to the plaintiff.}{
\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2820232\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid288388\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid288388\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [47]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid288388\charrsid2250405 All monies to be paid within 21 days hereof. 

\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2820232\charrsid2250405 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\ltrpar \rtlch\fcs1 \af0\afs22 \ltrch\fcs0 \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2820232\charrsid2250405 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [48]\tab}}\pard \ltrpar
\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2820232\charrsid2250405 Orders accordingly.
\par }\pard \ltrpar\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 
\par }\pard \ltrpar\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4222178 {\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85
\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85
\par }{\rtlch\fcs1 \af0 \ltrch\fcs0 \b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14242613\charrsid2250405 Ms. D. Dias Wickramasinghe
\par Judge
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