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\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 THE REGISTRAR OF TITLES \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 SECOND DEFENDANT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 AND: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL OF FIJI \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 THIRD DEFENDANT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Mr J Oswald-Jacobs for the Plaintiff \par Mr P Knight for the First Defendant \par Ms N Karan for the Second and Third Defendants \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 DECISION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par I have before me two interlocutory applications filed by the Plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The first application was by way of summons dated 6 April 2010 (the first application) seeking the following orders: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 1}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Pursuant to Order 18 Rule 18 of the High Court Rules \endash an Order that the following paragraphs of the Defendant}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s Defence and Counterclaim dated 22 February 2010 be struck out: 4, 7, 10, 14, 16, 18, 26, 28, 29, 34, 37, 46, 53, 54, 55, 57 and 58 on the grounds that those paragraphs}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 are variously embarrassing, frivolous or do not disclose a reasonable defence or cause of action, or are an abuse of the process of the court (as the case may be). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 2}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Further or alternatively to paragraph 1 - an Order that the Defendant}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s Counterclaim be struck out on the grounds that the Defendant}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s Counterclaim is embarrassing and an abuse of the process of the Court. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 3}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Costs. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 4}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Such further or other order as the Court may deem appropriate.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 It was subsequently clarified by Counsel for the Plaintiff that the reference to Defendant in paragraphs 1 and 2 was a reference to the First Defendant and the Summons was amended accordingly.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Furthermore, the reference to the Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s Defence and Counterclaim was a reference to the First Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s Defence to Fourth Amended Statement of Claim and Amended Counterclaim. \par \par The Plaintiff did not file any affidavit material in support of its application. \par \par The second application was by summons dated 27 May 2010 (the second application) seeking the following orders: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 1}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Pursuant to Order 18 Rule 18 of the High Court Rules \endash an Order that the following paragraphs of the Second and Thir d Defendants}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Fourth Amended Statement}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 of}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Defence}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 dated}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 7}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 May}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 2010 be struck out:}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 7, 8, 9, 10 and 12 on the grounds that those paragraphs are variously embarrassing, frivolous vexations or do not disclose a reasonable defence. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 2}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Costs. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 3.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Such further or other order as the Court may}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 deem appropriate.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par The Second and Third Defendants}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Fourth Amended Statement of Defence was delivered after service of the Plaintiff}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s Fourth Amended Statement of Claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par \par Again the Plaintiff did not file any affidavit material in support of its application. \par \par Prior to the hearing Counsel for the Plaintiff and Counsel for the First Defendant filed comprehensive submissions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The hearing of the applications took place on}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 28 July 2010 when Counsel for all parties presented further submissions. \par \par As noted earlier, both applications were made pursuant to Order 18 Rule 18 of the High court Rules.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 So far as is relevant Order 18 Rule 18 states: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 (1)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The Court may at any stage of the proceedings order to be struck out or amended any pleading \'85 in the action, or anything in any pleading \'85 on the ground that: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6751081 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 it discloses \'85 no reasonable defence \'85; or \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6751081 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 it is scandalous, frivolous or vexations; or \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6751081 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 it may prejudice, embarrass or delay the fair}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 trial of the action ; or \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6751081 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 it is otherwise an abuse of the process of the Court; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 and may order the action to be stayed or dismissed or judgment to be entered accordingly, as the case may be. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 (2)}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 No evidence shall be admissible on an}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 application written paragraph (1) (a) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 (3)}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 ---}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Apart from Rule 18, this Court has an inherent jurisdiction to strike out pleadings which are vexations or frivolous or in any way an abuse of the process of the Court, under which it c ould deal with all the cases included in the Rule. \par \par So far as the present applications are concerned the Rule can be invoked in respect of the whole or any part of a pleading.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 An initial requirement is that where the defence is being challenged, the application should be made as soon as practicable after service of the defence. \par \par The First Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s Defence was filed on 21 March 2010 and was, presumably, served shortly afterwards.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s summons was filed on 6 April 2010.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par \par The Defence of the Second and Third Defendants was filed on 7 may 2010 and the Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s application was filed on 27 May 2010.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The issue of delay does not arise in this case. \par \par In its first application the Plaintiff seeks an order that the specified paragraphs in the First Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s Defence b e struck out on the grounds that they are either (a) embarrassing, (b) frivolous, (c) do not disclose a reasonable defence or (d) are an abuse of the process of the Court. \par \par In its second application the Plaintiff seeks an action that the specified paragraphs in the Defence filed by the Second and Third Defendants be struck out on the grounds that they are either (a) embarrassing, (b) frivolous, (c) vexations or (d) do not disclose a reasonable defence. \par \par I propose first of all to set out some general principles that are applicable to each of those grounds and then to consider the two applications in the order in which they were filed. \par In general terms a reasonable defence means a defence with some chance of success when only the allegations in the pleadings are considered.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 So long as the Defence or the paragraphs under challenge disclose a defence or raise some question for determination at the trial, the mere fact that the defence is weak and not likely to succeed is no ground for striking out. \par \par The position in Fiji was clearly stated by the Court of Appeal in }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 National MBF Finance (Fiji) Ltd}{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 -v-}{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Buli}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 [unreported civil appeal No 57 of 1998 delivered on}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 6 July 2000].}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 In dealing with an appeal from an interlocutory decision striking out the defence and a subsequent entry of judgment, the Cour t stated at page 2: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The law with regard to striking out pleadings is not in dispute.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Apart from truly exceptional cases the approach to such applications is to assume that the factual basis on which the allegations contained in the pleadings are raised will be proved.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 If a legal issue can be raised on the facts as pleaded then the Courts will not strike out a pleading and will certainly not do so on a contention that the facts cannot be proved unless the situation is so strong that judicial notice can b e taken of the falsity of a factual contention. It follows that an application of this kind must be determined on the pleadings as they appear before the Court.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 In this case the Judge}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s task was made more difficult because a considerable amount of factual material was placed before him.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 We wish to point out that this is inappropriate and undesirable.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par The terms }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 frivolous}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 and } {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 vexations}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 are not defined in the High Court Rules.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 In accordance with the rules of statutory interpretation, those words shoul d be given their ordinary meaning.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 In the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary frivolous means }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 of little or no weight or importance, paltry, not with serious attention or (in law, pleading) manifestly futile}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Vexatious means }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 causing or tendency to cause vexation (i.e. something causing annoyance, irritation, dissatisfaction or disappointment) or (legal) actions being instituted without sufficient grounds for the purpose of causing trouble or annoyance to the defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 I accept that it is only necessary to establish that the pleading be either frivolous or vexations for the Court to exercise its discretion. \par \par A pleading is embarrassing when the other party is placed in the position that he does not know or cannot determine what is alleged in the offending pleading.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The party does not know or is in doubt as to how to respond.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 This will occur when the pleading is unintelligible, vague, ambiguous or too general.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The authorities have, over many years, set out clear guidelines for determining what constitutes an embarrassing pleading. \par \par A pleading is usually regarded as an abuse of the process of the Court if it raises an issue that has already been litigated between the parties.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 In }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Raijieli Naqarase}{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 -v-}{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The Public Trustee of Fiji}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 (1994) 40 FLR 215 Pathik, J observed at page 217: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 I also agree that to institute the present action (civil action 168/94) which is the same as the said action 49/93 and covering the same subject matter is an abuse of the process of the Court.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par In applying the various tests contemplated by Order 18 Rule 18 I am mindful of the comments made by Stuart-Smith LJ in }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Ashmore}{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 -v-}{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 British Coal Corporation}{ \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 [1990]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 2 QB 338 at page 348: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 A litigant has a right to have his claim litigated, provided it is not frivolous, vexations or an abuse of the process.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 What may constitute such conduct must depend on all the circumstances of the case, the categories are not closed and considerations of public policy and the interests of justice may be material.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 " }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 In}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Hunter}{ \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 -v-}{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Chief Constable of the West Midlands Police}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 [1992] AC 529 Lord Diplock, at page 536 said: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 My Lords, this is a case about abuse of the process of the High Court.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 It concerns the inherent power which any Court of justice must possess to prevent misuse of its procedure in a way which, although not inconsistent with the literal application of its procedural rules, would nevertheless be manifestly unfair to a party to litigation}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 before it, or would otherwise bring the administration of justice into disrepute among right -thinking people.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The circumstances in which abuse of process can arise are very varied; \'85}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par Although no affidavits were filed by any of the parties in either application, Counsel referred at length to factual issues during the course of their submissions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 However considering the summary nature of the two applications before me and in the absence of any factual material in affidavit form I intend to limit myself to a consideration of the pleadings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par \par However, I also propose to consider a photocopy of a signed deed of conveyance dated 2 June 1995.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 This deed was made by Taveuni Estates Limited and Stin\endash Pac Holdings Limited (Mortgagor) (called the Transferors) of the first part and National Bank of Fiji (Mortgagee) (called the Transferee) of the second part.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 This copy document (hereafter referred to as the Deed) was adduced by consent of the parties. \par \par Turning now to consider the first application.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The first paragraph of the First Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s Defence that is challenged is paragraph 4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Paragraph 4 is ple ading to paragraph 7 of the Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s Fourth Amended Statement of Claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Paragraph 7 of the Statement of Claim sets out what the Plaintiff claims to be the relevant terms of the Deed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 More particularly paragraph 4 of the Defence is pleading to paragraph 7 (a) of the Claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Paragraph 7 (a) states: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 7.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 There were terms of the Deed of Conveyances that: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6751081 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 TEL conveyed to the National Bank of Fiji all the parcels of land which were listed in Annexure 3 to the Deed of Conveyance (the Estate Lots) which included: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid6751081 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Lot 1 on Deposited Plan No 7340 (the First Water Lot) which Deposited Plan was registered on 22 February 1994 and which lot as at the date of the Deed of Conveyance formed part of the land described in the First Parent Title; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid6751081 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Lot 1 on Deposited Plan No 7341 (the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Second Water Lot}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 ) which Deposited Plan was registered on 22 February 1994 and which lot as at the date of the Deed of Conveyance formed part of the land described in the Second Parent Title (together referred to as }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Water Lots}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 )}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 " }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The First Defendant admitted that the parties had entered into a deed of conveyance dated 2 June 1995 (paragraph 2 of the Defence). \par \par Paragraph 4 states that it }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 denies}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 that the Deed conveyed to the Plaintiff any parcel of land listed in Annexure 3 to the Deed. \par \par The Plaintiff is entitled to know the basis of that denial, whether factual or legal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 As a result the First Defendant is required to provide by way of amendment, the basis of the denial. \par \par Reference has already been made to paragraphs 7 (a)(i) and (ii) of the Fourth Amended Statement of Claim. \par \par Paragraphs 4 (a) to (f) of the First Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s Defence state: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 4.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 As to paragraph 7 (a) of the Claim the First Defendant denies that the Deed of Conveyance conveyed to the National Bank of Fiji (}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 NBF}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 ) any parcels of land which were listed in Annexure 3 to the Deed of Conveyance and says \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6751081 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 the Deed of Conveyance was drafted by G.P Lala & Associates as solicitors for NBF, and \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6751081 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 further says that although lots described as Lot 1 on Deposited Plan 7340 and Lot 1 on De posited Plan 7341 were included in Annexure 3 to the Deed of Conveyance, the wrong certificate of title numbers were assigned to both lots and the areas of both lots were not included, the correct legal description at the time of the land referred to by the Plaintiff as Lot 1 on DP 7340 being part of Lot 1 on DP 4231, part of CT 13527 and the correct legal description at the time of the land referred to b y the Plaintiff as Lot 1 on DP 7341 being part of Lot 1 on DP 4477, part of CT 17922 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6751081 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 further says that the land referred to by the Plaintiff as Lot 1 on DP 7340 has never had on it a water source and has been and is still used as a rubbish dump and has been described as such for many years (}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 the Rubbish Dump}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 ) \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6751081 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 further says that the land referred to by the Plaintiff as Lot 1 on DP 7341 has on it the water source for the supply of water to the whole of Soqulu Estate (}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 the Water Lot}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 ) \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (e)\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6751081 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 further says that it was never the intention of the parties that those lots described in paragraph 7 of the Claim as the }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Water Lots}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 would be transferred by the First Defendant to NBF as one such lot being the Water Lot contained the water source for the whole of the Soqulu Estate from which all of the lots owners on the Soqulu Estate received reticulated water for their use, an d the other such lot was used and is still used as a rubbish dump for the benefit of all the lot owners on the Soqulu Estate. \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (f)\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6751081 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 further says that Deposited Plans 7340 and 7341 were, without the authority or knowledge of the First Defendant, lodged for reg istration and registered on the application of NBF as mortgagee and not as registered proprietor of the land referred to in both Deposited Plans.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 It is not disputed that there was a deed of conveyance dated 2 June 1995 and signed by the parties. The Defence raises issues relating to the identity of two of the lots that were included in Annexure 3 to the Deed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The Plaintiff claims that the two lots in paragraph 7 a (i) and (ii) correctly refer to the two lots that are listed in Annexure 3 and that those lots refer to the correct pieces of land.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The First Defendant claims that it was not the intention of the parties to include the lots which are described in paragraph 4 (b) of its Defence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 In doing so the First Defendant may rely on one or both of two Defences.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 It can claim that on the true construction of the deed, the two lots in question were not included in the lots listed in Annexure 3.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 It can also claim that the lots were included in Annexure 3 by mistake.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par \par If the First Defendant relies on a true construction of the Deed then the principles to be applied were clearly set out by Lord Hoffmein in }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Investors Compensation Scheme Ltd}{ \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 -v-}{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 West Bronwich Building Society [1998] 1 All ER 98 at 114.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 In }{ \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Hassan Din and Another}{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 -v-}{ \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Westpac Banking Corporation }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 (civil appeal No 6 of 2003 delivered on 26 November 2004) the Court of Appeal indicated that those principles were to be applied in Fiji for the purpose of interpreting contractual documents. \par \par If, on the other hand, the First Defendant relies on some mistake, then sufficient facts should be pleaded to enable both the other side and the Court to identify the nature of the Defence. \par \par Needless to say, even if the facts that are pleaded in paragraphs 4 (a) to 4 (f) can be established at the trial, they are in my opinion insufficient to establish a recognized defence to the claim made by the Plaintiff in paragraphs 7 (a) (i) and (ii). \par \par I am mindful that the Plaintiff has now filed a Fourth Amended Statement of Claim which should more accurately be described as a fresh statement of claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Under these circumstances I am prepared to allow the First Defendant the opportunity to amend paragraph 4 of its Defence to ensure that the issues of construction of the Deed and/ or mistake are properly before the Court. \par \par The next challenge to the Defence is in respect of the response in paragraph 7 to paragraph 8 of the Statement of Claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Paragraph 8 of the Statement of Claim states: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 By reason of the matters referred to in paragraph 7(a) hereof, as and from 2 June 1995, TEL has held the Water Lots on trust for the National Bank of Fiji and AMB, as the case may be.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par Paragraph 7 of the Defence states: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The First Defendant denies paragraph 8 of the Claim and repeats paragraph 4 hereof.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par The claim in paragraph 8 is that the First Defendant held the two lots referred to in paragraph 7(a)(i) and (ii) on trust for the Plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 It is a different allegation from that pleaded in paragraph 7(a) although reliance is placed on the matters pleaded in paragraph 7(a).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 If the First Defendant is relying on its response in paragraph 4 then it needs to ensure that paragraph 4 raises issues challenging the existence of a trust.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Alternatively, paragraph 7 should be amended accordingly. \par \par In paragraph 10 of its Defence the First Defendant appears to admit the assertion in paragraphs 11 (b) and (c) of the Statement of Claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The additional material in the paragraph appears to be the basis for its denial of the allegations contained in paragraphs 11 (d) to (g).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 If the facts pleaded were established by the First Defendant then an issue arises as to the validity of the claims made by the Plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The discovery of documents will assist in determining the correctness of each party}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s assertions.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 I see no need for any amendment. \par \par Paragraph 14 of the Defence raises the same issue in similar terms as paragraph 4(e) of the Defence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The First Defendant}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s present Defence to paragraphs 18 and 19 of the Statement of Claim is insufficient for the reasons stated in relation to paragraph 4.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The First Defendant is given leave to amend paragraph 14 of its Defence. \par \par Paragraph 21 of the Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s Statement of Claim states: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The Water Lots were identified in the Instrument of Transfer by the CT No 28286 and 28202 being the invalid duplicate Certificates of Title}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par Paragraph 16 of the Defence states: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The First Defendant does not admit paragraph 21 of his Claim and repeats paragraphs 4(b) to (f) inclusive hereof. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par However on the face of the pleadings it is apparent that the Plaintiff is pleading material in paragraph 21 that did not appear in paragraph 7(a) of its Statement of Claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 There is no reference to CT No. 28286 or CT No 28202 in either paragraph 7(a) of the Statement or paragraph 4 (a) to (f) of the Defence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The pleading in paragraph 16 is not an answer to the allegation in paragraph 21.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The First Defendant is given leave to amend paragraph 16. \par \par Paragraph 18 of the Defence is defective in respect of the allegation relating to intention and is to be amended in terms already discussed. \par \par Paragraph 20 of the Defence is to be amended to specify the parent title particulars and the dates of lodgment. \par \par Paragraphs 26, 29, 34 and 37 are meaningless and the reference to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 strict proof}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 in each paragraph is a tautology.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The paragraphs are to be amended and the Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s allegations answered in accordance with the requirements of Order 18 of the High Court Rules.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 I am unaware of any standard of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 strict proof}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 in civil proceedings. \par \par Paragraph 28 of the Defence is defective for the reasons that have already been stated in relation to paragraph 4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Paragraph 28 is to be amended. \par \par Paragraph 46 is to be amended to state its relevance to the Statement of Claim and also to identify the allegation to which it relates. \par \par The objection to the First Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s counterclaim is that it is vexations and an abuse of the process of the Court.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The basis of these assertions is that the claims raised in paragraphs 53 to 60 (except paragraph 56) are already the subject of pre-existing litigation being action No. 287 of 2007 (referred to as the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Rates Action}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 ) and civil action No. 209 of 2006 (referred to as the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Main Caveat Action}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 ). \par \par In action No. 287 of 2007 (the Rates Action) the Plaintiff is Taveuni Estates Limited, the First Defendant in the present proceedings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The First Defendant in the Rates Action is the present Plaintiff, NBF asset Management Bank.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The Second Defendant is Kawakawadawa (Fiji) Limited and not a party to the present proceedings. \par \par In the Statement of Claim in the Rates Action the Plaintiff in that action relies on paragraph 6 of the Deed of Conveyance dated 2 June 1995 and claims that NBF Asset Management Bank has breached clause 6.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 As a result Taveuni Estates Limited claims loss of rates in the sum of $129,168.00 plus interest as at 20 August 2006 and that such loss continues.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The Plaintiff also claims damages for failing to comply with clause 6. \par \par In action No 209 of 2006 (the Main Caveat Action) the Plaintiff is Nasau Limited a company that is not named in the present proceedings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The first defendant in the Main Caveat Action is NBF Asset Management Bank, the Plaintiff in the present proceeding.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The second defendant in the Main Caveat Action is Taveuni Estates Limited, the First Defendant in the present proceeding. \par \par The writ was issued on 12 May 2006 by Messrs Cromptons on behalf of the Plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Messrs Cromptons also act for the Taveuni Est ates Limited which is named as Second Defendant in the Main Caveat Action and First Defendant in the present proceedings. \par \par Having read the First Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s counterclaim in the present proceeding I am satisfied that the Plaintiff in these proceedings is being called upon to meet substantially the same claim he has already answered in the Rates Action.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 I am also satisfied that the issues raised by the First Defendant in its counterclaim in relation to clauses 7 and 8 of Deed are substantially the same as the issues raised in the Main Caveat Action. \par \par It is prima facie vexations for a party to be called upon to meet in substance and in reality the same claim that has already been made in an earlier proceeding.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Generally the Court will stay the second proceeding.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Furthermore it is clearly an abuse of process of the Court for a party to commence concurrent proceedings raising essentially the same issues against the same party. \par \par The issue for the Court in the present proceeding is to determine how the issues in dispute between the parties can proceed in the most expeditious manner. \par \par During the course of submissions it was pointed out that the Writ in the present proceedings was issued on 10 December 2004.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 As a result the present proceedings were issued first in time.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 I also note that the First Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s Defence and counterclaim was filed on 13 May 2005 and was pleading to the Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s First Amended Statement of Claim filed on 13 April 2005.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 As a result the First Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s initial counterclaim also pre-dates both the Rates Action and the Main Caveat Action. \par \par At this point, one other significant issue needs to be considered.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The First Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s counterclaim, the Plaintiff in the Rates Action and the Plaintiff in the Main Caveat Action all require either the leave of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 the Controller}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 or the leave of this Court to continue the counterclaim proceedings and the Actions. \par \par This is a requirement under section 43 of the Banking Act 1995 and arises as a result of the NBF Asset Management Bank having been placed under controllership pursuant to section 30 of the Banking Act with effect from 1 April 2007.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The Reserve Bank has appointed a Controller in whom management of the Plaintiff has been vested. \par \par On 11 September 2007 the First Defendant filed a summons seeking an order that leave be granted by the Court for it to continue with the counterclaim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The controller had refused leave to the First Defendant to continue its counterclaim proceedings and opposed its application for leave to this Court. \par \par In a written decision handed down on 7 April 2009 the Master of the High Court granted leave to the First Defendant to continue with its counterclaim under section 43(2) of the Banking Act 1995 against NBF Asset Management Bank. \par \par However leave was granted in respect of the First Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s counterclaim that was filed with its Defence to the Plaintiff}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s third Amended Statement of Claim on 2 August 2006.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Counsel for the Plaintiff submitted that the First Defendant will need to seek the leave of the Controller or of this Court to commence or continue the present counterclaim.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Counsel for the First Defendant submitted that the leave gr anted by the Master was a general approval to counterclaim and that the First Defendant can proceed with its present counterclaim on that basis. \par In my opinion once leave of the Court has been granted to commence an action or continue proceedings including counterclaim proceedings under section 43(1) of the Banking Act it must be i mplied that leave has been given to do so in accordance with the Rules of the Court that prescribe practice and procedure.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 In my opinion once leave is granted to continue counterclaim proceedings that were commenced prior to 1 April 2007, that leave applies to the continuation of the proceedings in accordance with the Rules of the Court.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The Rules of the Court clearly permit a counterclaim to be amended without the leave of the Co urt before pleadings are deemed to be closed (Order 20 Rule 3).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 After the Plaintiff had obtained leave of the Court to file a Fourth Amended Statement of Claim, the First Defendant was able to serve an amended defence and an amended counterclaim within the time prescribed by the Rules.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 It would, in my opinion, be an absurdity to require a party to return to court to obtain leave to continue with the counterclaim proceedings wherever it was sought to amend the counterclaim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 As a result I am satisfied that the First Defendant has leave to continue its counterclaim by way of the amended counterclaim filed on 23 March 2010 pursuant to the order of the Master dated 7 April 2009. \par \par As a result it seems to me that the most appropriate course of action is to allow the present proceedings to remain on foot and to proceed as expeditiously as possible.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 I reach this conclusion on two grounds.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 First, bo th the Writ and the counterclaim (in its original form) pre-date both the Rates Action and the Main Caveat Action.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 S econdly, the First Defendant has obtained the leave of the Court to proceed with its counterclaim against the Plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 There will be no delay in that regard.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The two subsequent actions should be stayed until judgment in the present action. \par \par The second application challenged the Defence filed by the Second and Third Defendants primarily on the basis that the Registrar of Titles has not pleaded in accordance with the requirements of Order 18.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The Plaintiff challenges paragraph 2 of the Defence and corre ctly points out that the Second Defendant is required to read the Statement of Claim, conduct a search of the records in the Titles Office and then plead to the allegations in paragraph 11(a) \endash (d) of the Statement of Claim.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 It is no answer to simply say that the Registrar of Titles has no knowledge of matters that were or ought to have been capable of a substantive response.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The paragraph is to be amended so as to comply with the rules. \par \par There is an objection to the manner in which the Second Defendant has pleaded to paragraph 33 of the Statement of Claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 That paragraph commences as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 33}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 In or about mid 1999 or at some time thereafter Asset Management Bank discovered that.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 " }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par Paragraph 7 of the Second Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s Defence states: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The Second and Third Defendants cannot admit or deny paragraph 33 of the claim as the Plaintiff knew that it was invalid title.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par The first part of paragraph 7 is a valid defence as it is clearly not possible for the Second Defendant to know when the Plaintiff made the alleged discoveries.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The second part of the pleading in paragraph 7 is to be deleted as once again it is not possible for the First Defendant to assert what the Plaintiff knew or didn}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 t know.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Paragraph 7 is to be amended by deleting the words starting with }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 as}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 to the end of the sentence. \par \par The Plaintiff challenges paragraph 8 of the Defence in so far as it purports to plead to paragraphs 34 and 39 of the Statement of Claim. \par \par Paragraph 34 of the Statement of Claim states: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 As a conseq uences of the matters referred to in paragraphs 8 to 33 hereof, AMB and the Registrar of Titles made repeated requests of TEL that it surrender Certificates of Title 31921 and 28820 to the Registrar of Titles for cancellation.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Paragraph 39 of the Claim states: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 further or alternatively, by reason of the matters set out in paragraphs 8-32 above, TEL and the Registrar of Titles conspired to defraud the National Bank of Fiji or AMB, as the case may be, of the Water Lots.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Particulars are then pleaded. \par \par Paragraph 8 of the Defence states: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 As to paragraphs 34 to 40 of the claim, the defendants have no knowledge of the contents hereof}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par The allegations in both paragraphs 34 and 39 are matters that after due enquiry, the Registrar of Titles is obliged to plead to.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Paragraph 8 is to be amended by the Defendants to comply with the rules of pleading. \par \par The Plaintiff objects to paragraphs 9 and 10 of the Defence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 There are two comments to be made.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 One concerns the use of the expression }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 strict proof}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The expression has no place in pleading documents.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 It is a meaningless expression.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 It raises the question whether strict proof is a higher standard than the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 balance of probabilities}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 There is no such expression to be found in either the authorities or in any textbook on the Law of Evidence. \par \par Secondly, it is apparent that the two paragraphs are in breach of Order 18 Rule 12(3) which, so far as is relevant, states: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \'85 every allegation of fact made in a Statement of Claim \'85 which the party on whom it is served does not intend to admit must be specifically traversed by him in his defence \'85; and a general denial of such allegation, or a general statement of non-admission of them, is not a sufficient traverse of them.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par The requirement to traverse any allegation of fact made by a party in his pleading is set out in Order 18 Rule 12(1). \par \par Paragraphs 9 and 10 are to be amended to comply with the rules and with my earlier observations. \par \par Paragraph 12 of the Defence does not state to which allegation it is pleading.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 It is vague, ambiguous and as a result embarrassing.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 It must be amended. \par \par Counsel for the Second and Third Defendants acknowledged the defects in the Defence and urged the Court not to strike out the Defence or the offending paragraphs. \par \par Counsel for the Plaintiff accepted that it is desirable to have all the issues that are in dispute properly identified so that the trial of the action can effectively resolve all outstanding issues.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 He indicated that he was not applying to have the Defence struck out and did not oppose the Second and Third Defendants filing an Amended Defence. \par \par As a result I make the following Orders: \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 { \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The Defendants are to file and serve Amended Defences to the Plaintiff}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s Fourth Amended Statement of Claim within 21 days from the date of these orders.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The amended defences are to be in accordance with the directions given in this decision and in accordance with Order 18 of the High Court Rules. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 { \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 Thereafter the action is to proceed in accordance with the High Court Rules. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 { \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The First Defendant}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s Counterclaim has the necessary leave of the Court to proceed in accordance with the Banking Act 1995 as a result of the Master}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s decision dated 7 April 2009. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 { \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The Rates Action and the Main Caveat Action are stayed pending judgment in the present proceedings. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6751081 { \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 The costs of these applications are to be the Plaintiff}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081 '}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 s costs in the cause. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 W D Calanchini \par }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 JUDGE \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6751081 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751081\charrsid6751081 \par 19 November 2010 \par At Suva \par }}