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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT LAUTOKA
\par APPELLATE JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8677462 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8677462 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. HAA 016 OF 2011
\par CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. HAA 021 OF 2011
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8677462 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 BETWEEN:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8677462 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8677462 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 JOSUA NASIGAYA}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 First Appellant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8677462 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8677462 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 JOELI RANITU}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 Second Appellant
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8677462 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 AND:
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 Respondent
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8677462 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 
\par Appellants in Person
\par Mr S. Babitu (14 July, 2nd August) 
\par Ms K. Semisi (1st September) for the State
\par 
\par Dates of Hearing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 14th}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 July, 2nd August, 1st September, 2011
\par Date of Judgment:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 9th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 
September 2011
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8677462 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8677462 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 [1]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 On the 21st
 January 2011 these two appellants were sentenced (but not convicted) in the Magistrates Court at Ba to nine years and one month for an offence of robbery with violence contrary to 
\par 
\par Section 293 (1)(b) of the Penal Code, Cap 12.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 The term was ordered to be served concurrently with sentences presently being served.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 At the time of sentencing for the robbery, seven other various offences were }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 taken into account}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462  pursuant to Section 216 of the Criminal Code.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 Both accused now seek to appeal their convictions and sentences.
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 Facts 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 [2]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 The facts put to
 each appellant below were that at about 11.30am on the 15th September 2009, Sushila Devi, an elderly shop assistant was in her shop at Namada, Ba when two men forced their way into the shop and threatened her with a cane knife.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 They took cash, after breaking the cash register, jewellery, watches, groceries, eye glasses, recharge cards and mobile phones.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 They packed the items into a bag and left on horseback.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 Acting on information the Police arrested both appellants at Field 40, Lautoka.
\par 
\par [3]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 
In passing sentence, the Magistrate took a rather high starting point of eight years, increasing it by four years for aggravating features of elderly victim, brandishing (but not using) a
 cane knife, terror occasioned to the victim, and little recovery of goods stolen.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 
\par 
\par He deducted two years for remorse and the guilty plea and a further 11 months for time in remand arriving at a total sentence of 9 years and one month, with a minimum term of 8 years for the first appellant and six years for the second appellant.
\par 
\par [4]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 Each appellant appeals on the same grounds:-}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8677462 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 (i)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 that their plea of guilty to the additional offences was equivocal.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8677462 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8677462 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 (ii)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 they had never been convicted of the robbery offence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8677462 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8677462 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 (iii)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 they were forced/induced to admit other offences to be taken into consideration.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8677462 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8677462 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 [iv]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 the sentence is harsh and excessive.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8677462 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 
\par They have both filed extensive and cogent written submissions.
\par 
\par [5]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 The State has filed two conflicting submissions, one pu
rporting to uphold the sentence, and another from Ms. Semisi very fairly conceding the appeal.
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 Analysis
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 [6]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 A detailed perusal of
 the court record leads to the inescapable conclusion that the appellants are indeed correct.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 They were never convicted of 
the principal robbery offence.
\par 
\par [7]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 On the 25th February 2010, the charge was read to them in Fijian.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 They were represented by Counsel and both entered pleas of guilty to the charge.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 A summary of facts was put to them and the facts were disputed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 Cons
equently the guilty pleas were vacated and pleas of not guilty entered on their behalf.
\par 
\par [8]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 On the 22nd
 April 2010, a further eight charges were put to the first appellant to be taken into consideration and a further sole charge to be taken into account for the second accused.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 To these additional charges they entered pleas of guilty and admitted facts put to them.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 They were then convicted of these additional counts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 They were unrepresented.}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 Very unfortunately the record does not disclose if the origina
l robbery charge was again put to them that day or not, nor does the record say what they had actually pleaded guilty to.
\par 
\par [9]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 On the 20th May 2010, the first appellant indicated that he wished to change his plea of guilty to not guilty on one of the addit
ional charges that he had been convicted of, the Magistrate declaring that he would take the change of plea into consideration.
\par 
\par [10]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 After delays on the fault of both the accused and of the court, the two were sentenced on the 21st January 2011 for all
 of the offences, including the robbery to which they were deemed to be pleading not guilty as well as the offence to which the first accused had expressed a desire to change his plea.
\par 
\par [11]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 Both appellants submit that they were forced to sign a sheet ple
ading guilty to the additional charges on the promise of a lenient sentence, and in any event having been previously represented by Counsel, they were unrepresented on the 22nd
 April 2010, and did not properly appreciate the nature of and consequences of their guilty pleas.
\par 
\par [12]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 The second appellant appealed out of time but this court gave him leave to appeal on the likelihood that the appeal would succeed.

\par 
\par [13]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 I look at the Criminal Procedure Code Form No. 58 which is the form that was signed by the two 
accused for other offences to be taken into consideration.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 The form specifically states that they had
 been convicted of the offence of robbery with violence, and therefore these other offences are taken into consideration.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 
This leads credence to the fact that the robbery offence was not put to the two appellants on the 22nd April and the form is also incorrect in that the two had not been convicted of the robbery.
\par 
\par [14]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 It is quite clear that after not guilty pleas were entered on the two accuseds}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462  behalf on 25 February 2010 the robbery offence was forgotten and remained in abeyance until sentence was passed on the 21st January 2011.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 There has been no conviction and obviously the sentence must be quashed.
\par 
\par [15]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 Having decided that this appeal must su
cceed on the basis that the two were never convicted, it is not necessary for me to make findings on other grounds, although the ground of equivocal pleas on 22 April 2010 could probably be well made out, as Ms. Semisi concedes.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 In addition there is no evidence nor indication even that DPP officers were complicit in inducing the two accused to sign the Form 58 (}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 Taking other offences into consideration}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 ), however the admission into evidence of that form in itself represents a miscarriage of justice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 The accused have been }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 asked}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462 "
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 
 to sign a form which is a lie; a form that states that they have already been convicted of robbery with violence. Such unfairness must obviously taint the convictions for those ancilliary offences.
\par 
\par [16]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 The robbery charge faili
ng away, there is no basis for the other offences being taken into consideration and those convictions too are quashed.
\par 
\par [17]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 The appeal of each appellant succeeds.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 The sentence of nine years one month is quashed and the convictions for offences taken into consideration are also quashed.
\par 
\par [18]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 The matter should now be remitted to the Magistrate in Ba, for the charge to be laid and heard afresh.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 The two appellants are to appear in the Ba Magistrates}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462  Court on Wednesday 14th September, 2011 at 9.15am.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8677462 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 Paul K. Madigan
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8677462 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8677462\charrsid8677462 
\par At Lautoka
\par 
\par 9th September 2011
\par }}