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\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [1]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800725 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16191105\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 This is an application to quash the }
{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16416349\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Information against the accused.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16416349\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 He is charged }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16191105\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 with seven}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4789401\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  counts of attempting to prevent}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16191105\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 the course of justice, contrary to sections 131(d) and 47 of the Penal Code.
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16416349\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [2]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800725 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16416349\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The application raises two issues}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16191105\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16191105\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The first is,\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  whether t}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14560234\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he accused is judicially immune}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16191105\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 from prosecution, and the second is, whether the}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16416349\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  charges can be sustained in law and fact.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16191105\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16416349\charrsid4138977 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16191105\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Judicial Immunity
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13859908\charrsid4138977 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16191105\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [3]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800725 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16191105\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The principle of judicial immunity }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14560234\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
from criminal prosecution has its roots in the En\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 glish common law. In Fiji, the principle}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16416349\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16191105\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 is codified in section 15 of the Penal Code:
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6227845\charrsid4138977 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4138977 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2105055\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\f0 Except as expressly provided by this Code, a judicial officer is not criminally responsible for anything done \'85\loch\f0 
 or omitted to be done by him in the exercise of his judi\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 cial functions, although the act done}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5205951\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2105055\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 is in excess of his judicial authority or although he is bound to do the act omitted to be done.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6227845\charrsid4138977 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4138977 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16191105\charrsid4138977 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16416349\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [4]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800725 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8736574\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794438\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  common law}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8736574\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  principle of judicial immunity was explained by Lord Denning i}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16416349\charrsid4138977 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 n }{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16416349\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Sirros v. Moore}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16416349\charrsid13859908 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  [1975] 1 QB 118}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16416349\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  at p.132:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12610009\charrsid4138977 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4526249\charrsid4138977 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4138977 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12610009\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Ever since the year 1613, if not before, it has been accepted in our law that no action is maintainable against a judge for anything said or done by him in the exercise of a jurisdiction which belongs to him.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12610009\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The words which he speaks are prot\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
ected by an absolute privilege.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12610009\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
The orders which he gives, and the sentences which he imposes, cannot be made the subject of civil proceedings against him.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12610009\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 No matter that the judge was under some gross error or ignorance, or was actuated by envy, hatred an\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
d malice, and all uncharitableness, he is not liable to an action.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12610009\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
The remedy of the party aggrieved is to appeal to a Court of Appeal or to apply for habeas corpus or a writ or error or certiorari or take some such step to reverse his ruling.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12610009\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Of course, i\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
f the judge has accepted bribes or been in the least degree corrupt, or has perverted the course of justice, he can be punished in the criminal courts.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12610009\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 That apart, however, a judge is not liable to an action for damages.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }
{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12610009\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The reason is not because the judge\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  has any privilege to make mistakes or to do wrong.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12610009\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
It is so that he should be able to do his duty with complete independence and free from fear.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12610009\charrsid4138977 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4138977 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2241284\charrsid4138977 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751819\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 5}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2241284\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800725 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4526249\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 While Lo}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794438\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 rd Denning}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3874316\charrsid4138977 \loch\af0\dbch\af36\hich\f0 \rquote }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8736574\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s statements}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794438\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  relate to }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4526249\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 both}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794438\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , immunity}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4526249\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794438\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 from }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4526249\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 civil and criminal liability,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794438\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 in this case, only the law in relation to the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2241284\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 principle of judicial i}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794438\charrsid4138977 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 mmunity from criminal liability is relevant.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2241284\charrsid4138977 
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751819\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 6}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2241284\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800725 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2241284\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Under section 15 of the Penal Code}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794438\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  and in common law}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8736574\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , a judicial officer is immune}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2241284\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  from criminal responsibility for anything done in the\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  exercise of his or her judicial functions.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8736574\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The term }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8736574\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 judicial officer}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8736574\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  is not defined in the Penal Code or the Magistrates\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0  Court Act. 
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [7]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800725 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8736574\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In common law, th}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3545931\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e immunity applies to}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13253008\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  magistrates. }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3545931\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 A magistrate, when sitting in the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16401617\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 course}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3545931\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  of his or her duties}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16401617\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
, is a judge within the meaning of that word (}{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16401617\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Law v Llewellyn}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16401617\charrsid4138977 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  [}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16401617\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 1906] 1 K B 487).}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3545931\charrsid13859908 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8736574\charrsid13859908 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8736574\charrsid4138977 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [8]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800725 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13253008\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In }{
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13253008\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Sirros v Moore}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13253008\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  (}{
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13253008\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 supra}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13253008\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
) it was held that every judge from highest to the lowest should be protected to the same degree from liability so that they may be free in thought and independent in j}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3545931\charrsid4138977 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 udgment when acting judicially.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9794438\charrsid4138977 
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13973478\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [9}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6751819\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800725 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13253008\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 However, judicial immunity is not absolute. The imm
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 unity}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2241284\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  does not mean that the judici}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13253008\charrsid4138977 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 al officers are above the law. The immunity does not }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7602846\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 exist}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13253008\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  to protect the judicial officers}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7602846\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13253008\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  but}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10055296\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  to guard th}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16401617\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e institution of justice and the rule of law}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10976072\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 from interference from disgruntled litigants}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7602846\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7602846\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15287630\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 immunity exists to protect the public}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10955900\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  interest}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15287630\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 by protecting judicial officers to perform their duty with complete independence and free from fear of being prosecuted for acts done in the exercise of judicial function.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818889\charrsid4138977 
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [10]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800725 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7602846\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Against these principles, I co
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 nsider whether the charges can be sustained in law and fact.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818889\charrsid4138977 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12477953\charrsid4138977 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9062560\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The Charges}{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2248439\charrsid4138977 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13000219\charrsid4138977 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818889\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [11}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2248439\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800725 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2248439\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The accused is charged with seven}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8536193\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  counts of attempting to p}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3874316\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 re}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8536193\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ve}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3874316\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 n}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8536193\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 t}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2248439\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  the course of justice. }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10976072\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The ordinary meaning of the word }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10976072\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 prevent}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16057591\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  is to avert something from happening.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10976072\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16057591\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The word }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16057591\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 pervert}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16057591\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  has a different meaning. It means to alter or change.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16057591\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 However, when these terms are used with}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11948958\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5656392\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the course of justice}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16057591\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , they denote }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5656392\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 an offence against the public weal. An attempt or incitement to prevent or defeat the due course of justice \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
is an offence against the common law and no less than a conspiracy to prevent it was a punishable misdemeanor (}{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5656392\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 R v. Grimes}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5656392\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  (}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5656392\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Note) [1968] 3 All ER 179, }{
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5656392\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 R v. Vreones}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5656392\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  [1891] 1 QB 360, R v. }{
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5656392\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Tibbits & Windust}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5656392\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  [1902] 1 KB 77, }{
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5656392\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 R v. Greenburg}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5656392\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  (1919) 63 S.J. 553}{
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5656392\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , R\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  v. Andrews}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5656392\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 [1973] QB 422, }{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5656392\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 R v. Panayiotou}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5656392\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 [1973] 1 WLR 1032).
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5656392\charrsid4138977 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [1}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818889\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 2}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5656392\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800725 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16057591\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The offences created by s}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5656392\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ection 131 of the}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16057591\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  Penal Code reflect}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5656392\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  the common law offences of conspiracy to defeat justice and interference }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16057591\charrsid4138977 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 with witness.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16057591\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Like the common law offences, section 131}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818889\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  has}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16057591\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 classified the offences }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5656392\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 misdemeanours.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10240702\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1993361\charrsid4138977 
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818889\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [13}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10955900\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800725 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7609016\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The accused is }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16057591\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 specifically charged}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7609016\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10240702\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 with an attempt t}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1993361\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
o prevent the course of justice, contrary to section}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14688472\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  131(d) }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1993361\charrsid4138977 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 of the Penal Code.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10240702\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  This charge can be sustained in law and fact, if it could be shown }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3020342\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 that the}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9522911\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 accused did an act with an intention to prevent the course of justice}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9523860\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . It was held in}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9522911\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9522911\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 R v Vreones}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9522911\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9523860\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (supra) that t}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3020342\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he offence requires proof of a specific intention to prevent the co\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 urse of justice and }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9523860\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 not an act that has a known tendency to prevent the course of justice. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3020342\charrsid4138977 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9523860\charrsid4138977 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3288490\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818889\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 14}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3288490\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800725 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2177327\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The course of justice is the capacity of a court or competent judicial authority to do justice in acco}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6370773\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 rdance with the law. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7609016\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2177327\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  course of justice is not }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7609016\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
confined to judicial adjudication (}{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7609016\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 R v Bailey}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7609016\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  [}
{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7609016\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 1965] NI 15)}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2177327\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6370773\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7609016\charrsid4138977 
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818889\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [15}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4345896\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800725 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6370773\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In }{
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6370773\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 R v Rogerson}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6370773\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8388803\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [1991-1992] 174 CLR}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1726278\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  268,}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8388803\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6370773\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the High Court of Australia held:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4138977 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6370773\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 An act which }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8388803\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
has a tendency to deflect the police from prosecuting a criminal offence, instituting disciplinary proceedings before a judicial tribunal or adducing evidence of the true facts is an act which tends to pervert the course of justice and, if done with inten
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  to achieve that result, amounts to an attempt to pervert the course of justice.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6370773\charrsid4138977 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4138977 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6370773\charrsid4138977 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818889\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [16}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3288490\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800725 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6370773\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Furthermore, i}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2177327\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 t is not necessary to show that a police investigation should have been commenced or even be under consideration by the police. What has to be shown is th
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 at}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2050047\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  at the time}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2177327\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2050047\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the accused did the act, he contemplated that }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2177327\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
criminal proceedings}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2050047\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  may at some time be investigated or instituted}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2177327\charrsid4138977 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2050047\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (}{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2050047\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Rafique}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2050047\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  [}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2050047\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 1993] 4 ALL ER 1}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2050047\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ). If no }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6370773\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 proceedings of any kind are}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2050047\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  in contemplation at the time the relevant act by the accused was done, then there is no interference with the course of justice (}{
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7609016\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 R v Se}{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2050047\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 lvage}{
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2050047\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  [1982] 1 ALL ER 96}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2050047\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ).}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9523860\charrsid4138977 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9062560\charrsid4138977 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818889\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [17}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3288490\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800725 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7609016\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 T}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4345896\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he conduct of the accused }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2248439\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 complaint }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4345896\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 of is}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3241139\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  substantially the same}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7609016\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  in all the counts}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4345896\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 :}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2248439\charrsid4138977 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4138977 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14691780\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Count 1 \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0 
 11/05/07: ordered Special Constable No. 2103 Divendra who was giving evidence on oath on Traffic Formal Proof cases to stop booking offending drivers or he would be crippled like former Police Commissioner, Mr. Jimi Koroi}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10955900\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11864405\charrsid4138977 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13859908 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10955900\charrsid4138977 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4138977 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11864405\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Count 2 \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0  12/05/07: or
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 dered Special Constable No. 2103 Divendra who was giving evidence on oath on Traffic Formal Proof cases to stop booking traffic offenders who are illegally parked in Nausori To}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10955900\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 wn}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11864405\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13859908 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11864405\charrsid4138977 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4138977 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15360842\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Count 3}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11864405\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15360842\charrsid4138977 \loch\af0\dbch\af36\hich\f0 \endash }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11864405\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15360842\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 07/06/07: ordered \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Woman Police Constable No. 3088 Ashika who was giving evidence on oath on Traffic Formal Proof cases to stop booking offending drives accusing her for killing them as Police have nothing to do and threatened the said officer that her children will be crip
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 p\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 led like former Police }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1391631\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Commissioner}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15360842\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  Jimi Koroi as a result of public curse}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10955900\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11864405\charrsid4138977 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13859908 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15360842\charrsid4138977 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4138977 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15360842\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Count 4 \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0 
 11/06/07: whilst Sergeant Timoci who was giving evidence on oath on Traffic Formal Proof cases discouraged such officer from booking offending drivers by asking him why \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 h}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1212111\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15360842\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 was booking too many drivers as they were not stealing anything and that Nausori is smaller than Labasa Town}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3241139\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15360842\charrsid4138977 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13859908 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15360842\charrsid4138977 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4138977 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15360842\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Count 5 }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15733613\charrsid4138977 \loch\af0\dbch\af36\hich\f0 \endash }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15360842\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15733613\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
30/08/07: ordered Woman Police Constable No. 3088 Ashika who was giving evidence on oath on Traffic Formal Proof cases to stop booking offending drivers or she would be }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1391631\charrsid4138977 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 crippled}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15733613\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  like former Police Commissioner, Mr. Jimi Koroi}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3241139\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15733613\charrsid4138977 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13859908 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11236242\charrsid4138977 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4138977 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15733613\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Count 6 \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0 
 18/09/07: ordered \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Woman Police }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1391631\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Constable}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15733613\charrsid4138977 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  No. 3088 Ashika who was giving evidence on oath on Traffic Formal Proof cases to stop booking offending drives or she would be }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1391631\charrsid4138977 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 crippled}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15733613\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  like former Police Commissioner, Mr. Jimi Koroi}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3241139\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15733613\charrsid4138977 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13859908 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3241139\charrsid4138977 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4138977 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15733613\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Count 7 \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0 
 09/10/07: whilst Police Constable No.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 3201 Avinesh who was giving evidence on oath on Traffic Formal Proof cases discouraged such officer from booking offending drivers by accusing the Police Traffic Officer in charge at Nausori for taking tips from drive}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3241139\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 r}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15733613\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s which implied that he }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1391631\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 was}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3241139\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  receiving\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  bribes.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15733613\charrsid4138977 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13859908 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2248439\charrsid4138977 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4138977 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2248439\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [1}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818889\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 8}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2248439\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800725 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2248439\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The prosecution alleges that on each occasion, }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3241139\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the accused attempted to prevent}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2248439\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 the course of justice by }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16260928\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 discouraging}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2248439\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 the police officer}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3241139\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s from carrying out their }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2248439\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
official duties.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3241139\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  The prosecution case is that the accused acted in this manne\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
r while presiding as a Magistrate in traffic cases when the police officers were formally proving the traffic infringement notices issued to motor vehicle drivers }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9058317\charrsid4138977 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 for violating traffic laws.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2248439\charrsid4138977 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9058317\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818889\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [19}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6382607\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800725 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9058317\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The accused contends that even if it is proved that he con
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ducted himself in the manner suggested by the police officers, there is no evidence that he intended by his conduct to prevent the course of justice by deflecting future prosecution of traffic i}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818889\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 nfringements by the motor vehicle drivers in the Nausori area}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13973478\charrsid4138977 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  The accused points }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818889\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 out }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13973478\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 that o}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9058317\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 n each occasio}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13973478\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 n that is subject of the charge}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9058317\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
, he dealt with the infringement notices in accordance with the law by either convicting the offenders and imposing appropriate punishments, or discharging the offenders where the c\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
ircumstances justified doing so. There is support for this contention of }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1993361\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9058317\charrsid4138977 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 accused in the discovery of evidence filed by the prosecution.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3169893\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  The accused submits that his statements should not be look
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ed at in isolation but in the context of the proceedings where the police officers were formally proving hundreds of traffic infringement notices wit}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10955900\charrsid4138977 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 hout being able to remember}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3169893\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  important details. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9058317\charrsid4138977 

\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1391631\charrsid4138977 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14419868\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [20}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1391631\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800725 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7818889\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 It has to be borne in mind that the i}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042779\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ntention of an a\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ccused is always a matter of fact to be proved like any other fact in a crimi}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498630\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 nal trial}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042779\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
. Generally, there is no direct evidence of a state of mind of an accused. The}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1993361\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  state of mind of an accused may be}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042779\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  inferred from the entire circumstances of the case. In t\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
his regard, I accept the submission of the accused that his conduct should not be looked}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14419868\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  at }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042779\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 in }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1782661\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 isolation}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042779\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  but in the context of the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1782661\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
entire proceedings where the conduct complaint of arose.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042779\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9857133\charrsid4138977 
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14419868\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [21}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6382607\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800725 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498630\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 While I accept that}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042779\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  the only inference that could be drawn from the circumstances of this }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498630\charrsid4138977 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 case}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042779\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  is}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498630\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  not }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042779\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 that the accused intended to deflect the police officers from investigating a}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1782661\charrsid4138977 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 nd prosecuting}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1993361\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  traffic offenders}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6042779\charrsid4138977 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1782661\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  it is not a matter for me at this stage of the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498630\charrsid4138977 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 proceedings, to\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1782661\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 make such }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498630\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1782661\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
conclusion. What was the intention of the accused when he did the act complaint of by the prosecution is a matter of fact that has to be established after the court has heard all the evidence.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498630\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  For the purpose of this application, i}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1782661\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 f the }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14419868\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 discov\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ery of evidence in support of the charges discloses}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1782661\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  that an inference of intention to prevent the course of justice could be made, although that }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1993361\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 it }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1782661\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
is not the only inference available, then the trial should proceed. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9857133\charrsid4138977 
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14419868\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [22}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3805597\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800725 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498630\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In this case, t}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1782661\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he evidence }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498630\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 of}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1782661\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  the number of occasions that }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498630\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
the accused acted in a similar manner }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13973478\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 whilst presiding as a judicial officer }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498630\charrsid4138977 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 could be relied}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14419868\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  on}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498630\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 by the prosecution to prove the}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13973478\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  specific}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498630\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 intention to prevent the course of justice (}{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498630\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 R v Bond}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498630\charrsid4138977 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  [}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498630\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 1906] 2 KB 389, 420).}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2568173\charrsid4138977 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2568173\charrsid4138977 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12021481\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Result
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13000219\charrsid4138977 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14419868\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [23}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3805597\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800725 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14419868\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 For these reasons}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498630\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9857133\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 I hold }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498630\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the charges can be}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13973478\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 sustained in law and fact. I further hold}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498630\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  that the accused is not immune from criminal prosecution under section 15 of the Penal Code. }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10439071\charrsid4138977 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498630\charrsid4138977 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14419868\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [24}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3805597\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid800725 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498630\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The application to quash the Informati}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3805597\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on is refused.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10498630\charrsid4138977 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3805597\charrsid4138977 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13859908 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3805597\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Daniel Goundar
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 JUDGE}{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12477953\charrsid13859908 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4138977 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12477953\charrsid4138977 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3805597\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 At Suva
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 1}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850581\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 8}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3805597\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th March 2010}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16260928\charrsid4138977 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12477953\charrsid13859908 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3805597\charrsid13859908 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Solicitors:
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4219369\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Messrs. Kohli & Singh for Applicant}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3805597\charrsid4138977 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4219369\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Office of the Fiji Independent Com}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4345896\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
mission Against Corruption for P}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4219369\charrsid4138977 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 rosecution
\par }}