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0.5604;}{\info{\title IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI}{\author Ruddley_E}{\operator sam_f}{\creatim\yr2010\mo3\dy4\hr14\min24}{\revtim\yr2010\mo3\dy4\hr16\min27}{\version8}{\edmins13}{\nofpages5}{\nofwords1880}{\nofchars10716}{\*\company scims}
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\f35\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA}{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid8474783 
\par CRIMINAL JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7099155 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8474783\charrsid11219301 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7099155 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 HIGH COURT CRIMINAL CASE NO: HAC 004 OF 2008
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7099155 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7099155 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 BETWEEN:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7099155 {\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7099155 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 STATE}{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 PROSECUTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7099155 {\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7099155 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 AND:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7099155 {\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7099155 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 JOSAIA BOLA}{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 ACCUSED PERSON
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7099155 {\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7099155 {\f0\fs24\insrsid11219301\charrsid8474783 Counsel: Ms. George W - For State
\par Ms. Vaniqi S - F or Accused Person
\par 
\par Date of Hearing: 22/02/10; 23/02/10; 25/02/10; 26/02/2010.
\par Date of Summing Up: 03/03/2010
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7099155 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid11219301\charrsid8474783 SUMMING UP
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\par Madam and gentleman Assessors.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7099155 {\f0\fs24\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 
It is now my duty to sum up this case to you. I will direct you on matters of Law which you must accept and act upon. On matters of fact however, which witnesse
s to accept as reliable, which version of the evidence to accept, these are matters for you to decide for yourselves. So if I express my opinion to you about the facts of the case, or if I appear to do so it is a matter for you whether you accept what I s
ay, or form your own opinions. In other words you are the judges of fact. All matters of fact are for you to decide. It is for you to decide the credibility of the witnesses and what parts of their evidence you accept as true and what parts you reject. 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7099155 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 
\par You decide what facts are proved and what inferences you properly draw from those facts.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 
You then apply the Law as I explain it to you and form your opinion as to whether the accused is guilty or not guilty.
\par 
\par The Counsels for the prosecution and defence made submissions to you about the facts of this case.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 
That is their duty as State Counsel and Defence Counsel.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 
But it is a matter for you to decide which version of the facts to accept, or reject.
\par 
\par You will not be asked to give reasons for your opinions but merely your opinion themselves, and your opinions need not be unanimous but it would be desirable if you could agree on them.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 Your opinions are not binding on me but I can tell you that they will carry great weight with me when I deliver my judgment.
\par 
\par On the question of proof, I must direct you as a matter of law that the onus of burden of proof lies on the prosecution throughout the trial and never shifts.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 There is no obligation on the accused person to prove his innocence.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 Under our criminal justice system accused person is presumed to be innocent until he is proved guilty.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 
\par 
\par The standard of proof in a criminal trial is one of proof beyond reasonable doubt.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 
This means you must be satisfied so that you are sure of the accused\rquote s guilt before you can express an opinion that he is guilty.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 If you have any reasonable doubt about his guilt then you must express an opinion that he is not guilty.
\par 
\par Your decision must be solely and exclusively upon the evidence, which you have heard in this court and upon nothing else.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 
You must disregard anything you might have heard about this case, outside of this courtroom.
\par 
\par Your duty is to find the facts based on the evidence apply the Law to those facts.
\par 
\par The accused is charged with the offence of manslaughter i.e. that the accused by an unlawful omission caused the death of Naibuka Daunitoko.
\par 
\par The elements of the offence are that the accused by an unlawful }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14311237\charrsid11219301 omission caused}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 
 the death of the deceased.
\par 
\par The Prosecution has to prove the following beyond reasonable doubt.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14311237 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301 1. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 
The existence of a duty of care for the deceased by the accused.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14311237 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14311237 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301 2. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 
That the accused breached that duty of care by an unlawful omission which caused the death of the deceased.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7099155 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8474783\charrsid11219301 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 An unlawful omission is an omission amounting to culpable
 negligence to discharge a duty tending to the preservation of life or health, whether such omission is or is not accompanied by an intention to cause death or bodily harm.
\par 
\par On the establishment of such breach of duty the next question before you is whether that breach caused the death of the victim, and if so whether it should be characterized as gross negligence and therefore as a criminal act.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 It is a question for you to decide whether having regard to the risk of death involved, the accused\rquote s conduct wa
s so bad in all circumstances as to amount to a criminal omission.
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 The Evidence}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 
\par 
\par There are some facts in this case which are agreed by both sides and you may accept them as if you had heard them led in evidence from the witness box.
\par 
\par On behalf of the prosecution 11 witnesses gave evidence.
\par 
\par PW1 Ilaisa Tawake giving evidence said that on 14/12/2005 accused borrowed his outboard engine to go to sea and that he cannot remember when and who returned his engine.
\par 
\par PW2 Salanieta Kotoisuva said in court that on 14/12/2005 when she was at the church verandah she saw two people coming and the deceased was carrying the engine.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 When she asked the accused as to where they were heading accused has said that they are going out to the reef.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 
\par 
\par PW3 Ledua Vakaloloma\rquote s evidence was that on 14/12/2005 when she was at home deceased had come and asked for a pair of gum boot for him to wear to go to the sea.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 Further deceased has said that he will be accompanying the accused out to the reef.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 She had told him not to go to the sea as he could not swim.
\par 
\par PW4 Waqa Savou giving evidence said on the 15/12/2005 when he was loading coconuts into the ship at about 11.00am he had asked the accused about the deceased and his respond had been that the deceased was drinking grog at Levukaidaku.
\par 
\par PW5 Joseva Daunitoka\rquote s evidence was that the deceased was his nephew.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 
On 14/12/2005 evening his wife had told him that the deceased had gone with the accused to the reef to collect beach-de-mer.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 On 16th December 2005 when he telephoned
 the accused to inquire about the deceased, accused has said that they returned together and that the deceased is the one who carried the outboard engine back.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 Later he had called the accused again to inquire as to whether he had seen the deceased board the ship namely }{
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 \lquote Taikabara\rquote }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 
the accused had said that he did not know.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 
\par Then the witness had asked his brother in Suva to see whether the deceased had gone to Suva.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 
When he was still waiting for a reply some villagers has brought the body of the deceased to the village.
\par 
\par PW6 Ulaiasi Savu said in court when he was fishing with his nephew at Qanisici passage on 16/12/2005 about 5.30pm they found the body of the deceased floating.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 They have gone back ashore to get assistance of his wife and had brought the body back and informed the deceased\rquote s uncle.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 Further he said it takes about 7 minutes to go to Qanisici from the village by boat and takes around 40 minutes to swim.

\par 
\par PW7 Isireli Cakacaka father of the accused also gave evidence.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8474783\charrsid11219301 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 On 16/12/2005 when the body of
 the accused was brought by the villagers he has telephoned his son accused, to come to their village as he was the person who accompanied the deceased to sea.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 On 17th when they were preparing (earthern oven) food for the funeral feast the accused had arrived.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 When he asked the accused as to why he gave wrong information to the villagers the accused had remained silent.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 On the 18th the village Headman had called them to record their statements and when the village Headman Sug
uturaga asked, the accused has said that he gave incorrect information as he was scared of the father PW7.
\par 
\par PW8 Apolosa Suguturaga, the village headman said the body of the deceased was found on 16/12/2005 and the post-mortem held on 17/12/2005.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 On 18th De
cember 2005 he had called the accused and his father because he was not satisfied with the answers given earlier by the accused with regards to the whereabouts of the deceased.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 On questioning the accused had said that the deceased was missing and he looked for the deceased.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 He was not able to find him and then he returned alone.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 Further he had told that he did not tell anyone else about it.
\par 
\par PW9 Sergeant Nacanieli Bulisea who is the Charging Officer said that the accused was charged formally on 4/12/07 in Fijian Language.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 During the charge process accused had made no complaint.
\par 
\par PW10 Sergeant Isoa Natui in his evidence said that he is the Investigating Officer of this case.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 
He is also the interviewing officer.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 He is attached to the Major Crime Unit at CID.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 I
nitially as a case of Drowning Corporal Pita of Moala Police Post had investigated and after the post mortem when the result showed that the cause of death was not drowning he conducted the investigations.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 According to his evidence he had interviewed the a
ccused and the accused had given a statement voluntarily. Caution Interview statement was marked in evidence as an exhibit.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 He was cross-examined at length and he said that the accused fully cooperated with him and explained as to how he tried to rescue his cousin the deceased.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 
Answering to the questions put to him by the counsel for defence he said after the post mortem was held the accused had given a plain statement to Corporal Pita on 1/1/2006 and according to the statement it was made after 2 weeks of the incident.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 The plain statement was marked in evidence as exhibit of Defence.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301 
 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 Even in the plain statement accused has explained what happened.
\par 
\par Final witness for the prosecution was the Consultant Forensic Pathologist Dr Jean Perera.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 Her qualifications a
s a Forensic Pathologist was not challenged by the Defence.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 
Dr Perera gave evidence based on the post mortem report prepared by the then Forensic Pathologist Dr Prashant as Dr Prashant has left Fiji to Malaysia.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 She told you that the cause of death of the deceased Naibuka Daunitoka is }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301 "}{
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 diffuse edema and subarachnoid haemorrhage on the back of head due to blunt impact}{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 
Further she said in her opinion the blunt impact could have caused by a blow to the head with an object, could be the head striking a blunt 
object, or even a fall, and that even could be because of the head hitting the edge of the reef, and even could be by sleeping on the reef and falling backwards, or the head hitting the edge of the boat.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 There had been another injury on the right eye where the eye lids showed swelling and blackening.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 The witness said that injury can be a contusion or may be an accompaniment of Putrefaction.
\par 
\par She further said according to the post mortem report estimated time of death is 7.00pm on 14/12/2005 and she explained to you how the estimated time is decided.
\par 
\par When the prosecution case was closed you heard me explained several options to the accused.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 He
 could remain silent, to give evidence on his own behalf, or to make an unsworn statement, and to call witnesses on his behalf.
\par 
\par The accused opted to remain silent and it is his right to do so as he has nothing to prove and burden is on the prosecution to prove the case beyond reasonable doubt.
\par 
\par If I did not mention a particular witness or a particular piece of evidence that does not mean its unimportant; you should consider and evaluate all the evidence in coming to your decision. 
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 Analysis -}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 The written 
agreed facts are before you.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 
Agreed facts include that the accused and the deceased failed to get beche-de-mer and the accused decided to return to his village.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 It is also agreed that the deceased followed and then called out that his gumboots were heavy as they were filled with sea water.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 It is also further agreed that the deceased was carried out by the tide.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 It is agreed that the accused managed to swim towards the deceased and removed his gumboots.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 It is also agreed th
at there was a swift current and the accused swam back to the reef and the boat and could hear the deceased calling him.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 
It is also agreed that the accused told the deceased for him to stay where he was and once in the boat the accused tried to find the deceased.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 It is also agreed that the accused could not find the deceased although he called, searched, and shone the torch in the area.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 It is further agreed that around 2.00am, the accused returned to the village without the deceased.
\par 
\par It is further agreed that on 15/12/2005 at about 11.00am when Waqa Savou met and asked the accused about the deceased the accused responded that the deceased was still drinking grog in another village.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 It is further agreed that even on 16/12/2005 morning when Daunitoko called t
he accused and asked for whereabouts of deceased, accused said that they returned together.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 
All other agreed facts are before you.
\par 
\par When considering all the evidence including the agreed facts before you it is a matter for you to decide whether the accused
 breached the duty of care for the deceased when he omitted to inform the villagers initially what happened and whether that omission caused the death of the deceased.
\par 
\par If you find that the prosecution has proved those elements beyond reasonable doubt you may find the accused guilty of manslaughter.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 If you have a reasonable doubt about any of the elements of the offence you must find him not guilty.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 Your possible options are guilty or not guilty.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4025699\charrsid11219301 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 I will now ask you to retire.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7099155 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid11219301 Priyantha Fernando
\par Puisne Judge}{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7099155 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3960064\charrsid11219301 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7099155 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11219301\charrsid8474783 03/03/2010}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1972231\charrsid8474783 

\par }}