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\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid6317546 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6317546 AT SUVA \par CRIMINAL JURISDICTION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3701984 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6317546 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 CRIMINAL MISCELLANEOUS NO. 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Sharma and Mr. P. Sharma for the Accused }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 Mr. A. Rayawa and Ms. A. Lomani for the State}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6317546 Hearings}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid6317546 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 22}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid15760447 nd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 , }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3545758\charrsid3701984 25}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid3545758\charrsid3545758 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3545758 , 26}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid3545758\charrsid3545758 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3545758 F}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3545758\charrsid3701984 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}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 August, 2007, the applicant (accused) first appeared in court on}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 the following charge, in criminal case No. HAC 125 of 2007}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 S}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }\pard \qc \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6317546 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6317546 Statement of Offence \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12005786 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid6317546 \par }\pard \ql 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{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6317546 MONIKA MONITA ARORA d}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 /}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6317546 o Bel Bhadur,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 between the 9}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid15429654 th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 day of December, 2005 and the 10}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid15429654 th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 day of May, 2007 at Nasinu in the Central Division by false pretence, namely that she was entitled to cash cheques}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 drawn on the bank account of }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6317546 VINOD PATEL &}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6317546 COMPANY LIMITED}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 knowing that she was not so entitled with intent to defraud obtained from Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited $472,466.47 for her use or the use of another.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3701984 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 2.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 In the presence of her counsel, the accused pleaded not guilty to the charge. The case then went through}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 l6 adjournments to sort out pre-trial matters. On 6}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid15429654 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 August 2009, the accused filed a notice of motion, seeking a permanent stay on the above}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 proceeding on the grounds }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid15429654 "that it would be an abuse of process for this prosecution to continue".}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 She filed an affidavit in support, in which she included, three submissions filed on 3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid15429654 rd}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 April, 7}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid15429654 th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 April and 25}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid15429654 th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 June 2009.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 3.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 The State responded with five affidavits filed on 21}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid15429654 st}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 September 2009. The five affidavits were from M r. Kumar Shankar, Mr. Veeral Patel, Mr. Navin Sen, Mr. Vijendra Singh and Mr. Hemendra Kumar Nagin. On 13th November, 2009, the accused responded with five affidavits in reply to the above five affidavits. On 22}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid15429654 nd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 February 2010, the State filed its second submission.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 4.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 On 22}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid15429654 nd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 February, 2010, Mr. Kumar Shankar was cross-examined by defence counsels on his affidavit, and then re-examined by State counsel. On 25}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid15429654 th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 February, 2010, Mr. Navin Sen was cross-examined by}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 defence counsel on his affidavit, and then re-examined by State counsel. On 26}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid15429654 th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 February and 2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid15429654 nd}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 March 201}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 0, Mr. Hemendra Nagin was cross-}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 examined by defence counsel on his affidavit, and then re-examined by State counsel. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 5.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 On }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid3701984 2}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid15429654 nd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 ,}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid3701984 3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid15429654 rd}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid3701984 4}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid15429654 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 10}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid15429654 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 and 11}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid15429654 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 March 2010, the accused was cross examined}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 by State counsel on her affidavits, and then re-examined by defence counsel. On }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid3701984 12}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid15429654 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid3701984 March}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 , 2010, Mr. Hemendra Nagin was recalled as a witness, and cross-examined and re-examined on the issue of whether or not the recording he made on 17}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid15429654 th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 May 2007 was tampered with. This recording contained the accused's alleged confession. It was heard in Court, and tendered as Respondent's Exhibit No.1. The accused, while being cross-examined by State Counsel, made an allegation that the recording of the 17}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid15429654 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 May 2007 meeting was tampered with. Both parties then concluded with their written and verbal submissions on 12}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid15429654 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 March 2010.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 6.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 While making their closing submissions, the court invited the parties to make submission on an alternative matter, that is, if the court found the application for a stay was not made out, can it treat this application as "a trial within a }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 trial?" The applicant responded,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 by submitting it wanted "all matters to be stayed". Failing that, it asked tha t all alleged confessions obtained from the accused before the matter was referred to the police, be declared inadmissible evidence. The State asked that a ruling on the stay application be made first. It submitted that if a stay application is not grante d, the court could treat the proceeding as "a trial within a trial", on the alleged }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 confession obtained at the 17}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid15429654 th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 May 2007 meeting, on the evidence already adduced in this proceeding.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 7.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 The court has carefully read and considered the parties' witnesses'}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 affidavits, and the evidence given when they were cross-examined and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 re-examined in court. It has also carefully c}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 onsidered the parties' written }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 and verbal submissions. It has read and noted the binding authorities of The }{ \b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid15429654 State}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid15429654 v}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid15429654 }{ \b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15429654\charrsid15429654 Sat Naray}{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15760447 an Pal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid15429654 }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid15429654 Criminal Case No. HAC 002 of 2004}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid15429654 , }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid15429654 High Court, Suva}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid15429654 , per His Lordship Justice }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 Gates (as he then was), which was confirmed and upheld by the Court of Appeal, on an appeal by the State, in }{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid15429654 The State}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid15429654 v}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 }{ \b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15760447 Sat Naray}{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid15429654 an Pal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid15429654 Criminal Appeal No. AAU 0036 of 2006}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 . The applicant principally relied on the above authorities, to advance her stay application, and this case will be decided on whether or not the principles mentioned in the above authorities, assist the applicant, given the facts disclosed in this proceeding. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 8.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 In support of her application, the applicant quoted extensively from the ruling of His Lordship Justice Gates in }{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid15429654 The State}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid15429654 v }{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15760447 Sat Naray}{ \b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid15429654 an Pal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 (supra). That ruling is binding on this court, and whatever the applicant quoted from that case, is accepted by this cour}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13386245 t. In paragraph 29 of her 3}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13386245\charrsid13386245 rd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13386245 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 April 2009 submission, the applicant said, }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 "...The primary focus of the Court in an application for a permanent stay based on the principles in The State v Sat Narayan Pal, is to scrutinize the conduct of third parti es who were non-State agents involved in investigations, the evidence procured from which investigations are then relied upon by the State to prove criminal charges...".}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 The court agreed with this comment, and it intends to do the same in this case.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 9.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 In paragraph 33 of her 3}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13386245\charrsid13386245 rd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13386245 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 April 2009 submission, the applicant listed 4 grounds in support of her stay application. She said }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 "...The conduct which constitutes abuse of process in this matter, and are under scrutiny are as follows: \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6317546 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 (i) That Mrs. Arora was lured improperly; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6317546 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid13386245 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6317546 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 (ii) That the investigations were not conducted in good faith; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6317546 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid13386245 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6317546 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 (iii) Mrs. Arora's constitutional rights were breached; and \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6317546 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid13386245 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6317546 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 (iv) The State's intention to rely on and utilize the evidence procured through the rogue conduct of the non-State agents... " \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3701984 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 I will deal with ground 9(iii) first, and ground 9(i), 9(ii) and 9(iv) thereafter.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 10.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6317546 Ground 9(iii): Mrs. Arora's constitutional rights were breached:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 The applicant said, }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 "... The audio recording of 17 and 25 May 2007}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid13386245 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 amounted to a breach of Mrs. Arora's constitutional rights; i.e of}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid13386245 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 personal privacy in breach of section 37(1) of the Constitution}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid13386245 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 (Amendment) Act 1997..."}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 Her submission was filed on 3}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13386245\charrsid13386245 rd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13386245 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 April 2009.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 As it is now a matter of public record, the President and Commander in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 Chief of the Republic of the Fiji Military Force abrogated the Fiji Constitution Amendment Act 1997 on 10}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13386245\charrsid13386245 th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13386245 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 April 2009. Although the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 applicant filed her notice of motion on 6}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13386245\charrsid13386245 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13386245 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 August 2009, with her}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 affidavit in support, incorporating her 3 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13386245\charrsid13386245 rd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13386245 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 April 2009 submission, as a matter of law, her stay application on this ground cannot succeed. The Fiji Constitution Amendment Act 1997 has been abrogated on 10}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid13386245\charrsid13386245 th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13386245 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 April 2009, and as a result, she can derive no benefit therefrom.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 11.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6317546 Ground 9(i): That Mrs. Arora was lured improperly:}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 The issue of }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 "whether or not the accused was lured improperly?"}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 was considered in }{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 The State}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 v}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 }{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid8917280 Sat Narayan Pal}{ \i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid8917280 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 (High Court, supra).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 In that case, the State was seeking to adduce evidence of a conversation}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 recorded on video tape. Mr. A. Punja had a wireless transmitter secretly attached to him. He, the accused and another were discussing the possibility of Blue Gas being prosecuted for selling underweight gas cylinders, and what the accused could do about i t , to assist Blue Gas. Mr. Punja was Blue Gas Managing Director, while the accused worked for the Department of Fair Trading, as an Inspector and investigator. The discussion was held in a small restaurant known as Curry House. Previously, the accused had i nterviewed Mr. Punja on the case, and had asked for $168,000 to make their problem "go away". The meeting was arranged by Mr. Punja, to record the accused's corrupt demands, and his promise to throw away the Department's file, if given $168,000. Mr. Punja did in fact recorded the accused making his corrupt request and what he would do in return. This was recorded on video tape, and the State intended to use this evidence in the prosecution of the accused.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 12.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 In a "trial within a trial", Mr. Raza, on behal f of the accused, challenged the admissibility of the video tape recording first, on the grounds of entrapment, that is, the accused was lured improperly to commit an offence. Mr. Raza said, }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 "the statements made by the accused were brought about by inducem ents, coaxing and entrapment. He says the crime would not have been committed without the accused having being lured into it"}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 : }{ \b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 The State}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 v}{\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 }{ \b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 Sat Nara}{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13386245 y}{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 an Pal}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 (para 2, High Court, supra). In dealing with Mr. Raza's first challenge, His Lordship Justice Gates posed the question: was the Accused lured improperly? Fro}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8917280 m paragraph 6 to paragraph 18, J}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 ustice Gates discussed the facts of the case, as it related to the issue of entrapment. In paragraph 19, His Lordship said}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 , "...In the evidence given this far, there is no suggestion }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid13386245 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 of the accused being lured into a situation unwillingly, of a trap being set up for an unwary innocent... The suggestion and hints were all instigated and made, from the uncontradicted evidence at this stage, by the Accused... ": }{ \b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 The State}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 v }{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 Sat Narayan Pal} {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 (High Court, supra). \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 13. From paragraphs 20 to 23, His Lordship further discussed the facts, as it related to the issue of entrapment. From paragraphs 24 to 26, His Lordship discussed the law concerning entrapment. In paragraph 26, His Lordship concluded by saying}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 ,"... }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13386245\charrsid13386245 I}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 find the accused therefore was not lured into a trap or pulled away from a straight path...}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5074888\charrsid13386245 "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5074888\charrsid3701984 :}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5074888 }{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 The State}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 v }{ \b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 Sat Nara}{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13386245\charrsid13386245 y}{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 an Pal}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid13386245 , (High Court, supra). \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 14.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 It could be seen from the above that the question }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid5074888 "was the accused lured improperly?"}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 was posed in relation to t he issue of whether or not there was entrapment? In other words, was the accused lured improperly to commit an offence? In this case, the applicant has misapplied the principle eminating from }{ \b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid5074888 The State}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid5074888 v }{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid5074888 Sat Narayan Pal}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid5074888 (High Court, supra)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 , when the question }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid5074888 "was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid5074888 the accused lured improperly?"}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 posed. The question really was: was the accused lured improperly into committing an offence? It was not: was the accused lured improperly into making a confession? For these reasons, the applicant's stay application cannot succeed on this ground.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 15.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6317546 Ground 9(ii): That the investigation was not conducted in good faith.}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid6317546 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 In his second challenge to the State's intention to adduce evidence of the conversation between Mr. A. Punja and the accused, recorded on a}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 video tape, in }{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid5074888 The State }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid5074888 v }{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid5074888 Sat Nara}{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5074888 y}{ \b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid5074888 an Pal }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid5074888 (High Court, supra)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 , Mr. Raza said}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid5074888 , "...it is said the persons, who were purporting to act to expose corruption who were not police officers or official investigators, had acted in bad faith. Their motives were not to intercept crime and to bring criminal to justice. They acted only to protect themselves and their company from prosecution and especially from harmful public exposure for bad trade practices. They sought to deflect attention from themselves and instead to place the accused under the spotlight. Their bad faith disqualified them as private individuals from testifyin g on matters concerning which they may themselves have committed offences ..."}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 [paragraph 2]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 16. His Lordship Justice Gates, then posed the question: Was the investigation conducted in good faith? At paragraph 27, His Lordship said, }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid5074888 "...I have already found that these pr}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5074888 ivate individuals, at least Pun}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid5074888 ja and Lee, were acting on reasonable suspicion that the Accused appeared to be proceeding along a path of criminal activity. There is a further ingredient to be considered however , and that is whether they were acting in the course of a bona fide inquiry..."}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 17.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 At paragraph 28, His Lordship said, }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid5074888 "...If the inquiry is one carried out in good faith for proper purpose, the courts may overlook the partial involvement of investigator s in the crime. An obvious example would be where the police may act to save lives, mitigate consequences, and the like: Birtles (supra) where Parker LCJ said at p.472: \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6317546 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6317546 Before leaving this case, the Court would like to say a word about the use which as th e cases coming before the Court reveal, is being made of informers. The Court of course recognises that, disagreeable as it may seem to some people, the police must be able in certain cases to make use of informers, and further and this is really a coroll ary }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid6317546 \endash }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6317546 that}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid6317546 }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6317546 within certain limits such informers should be protected. At the same time, unless the use made of informers is kept within strict limits, grave injustice may result..." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3701984 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 18.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 At paragraph 29, His Lordship said, "...In Edward McCann [1971] Cr}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 App. R. 359 at p.363-4 Roskill L.J. observed.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6317546 {\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6317546 This Court, whilst ever keen to ensure that the liberties of individuals are not adversely affected, should be very slow to criticise those who have to take difficult decisions under pressure of events, when those decisions are taken in complete good faith..." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3701984 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 19.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 At paragraph 31, His Lordship summarized Mr. Raza's position, }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid5074888 "...Mr. Raza submits that Punja and Lee acted out of self-interest and to protect Blue Gas. They were not concerned to intercept crime or to bring a criminal to justice. Upper most in their intentions and actions were the need to stifle any information getting to the public that Blue Gas had been selling gas cylinders which were underfilled. The Accused himself had reported to them that their r ivals wanted exposure of this conduct and official condemnation of misleading conduct and poor trade practices. Blue Gas had been pretending to sell cheaper gas, which in reality was not true because the bottles were not fully filled. Their rivals were no t concerned about the likely prosecution, only the revelation to the public..." \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 20.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 Paragraph 32 to paragraph 37, His Lordship discussed the facts of the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 case. Blue Gas had been the subject of an investigation by the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 Department of Fair Trading, for selling underfilled gas cylinders to the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 public. The accused was investigating Blue Gas, on behalf of the}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 Department. Blue Gas employees have been interviewed by the accused between 12}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid5074888\charrsid5074888 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5074888 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 to 19}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid5074888\charrsid5074888 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5074888 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 November 2002. On 19}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid5074888\charrsid5074888 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5074888 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 November}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 2002, Mr. A. Punja, Managing Director of Blue Gas admitted under caution, that Blue Gas was selling under filled gas cylinders to the public. He knew the accused wanted $168,000 from Blue Gas in order "to close the file", and drop the prosecution against Blue Gas. He did not refer the matter to police. He made plans to "expose the accused for corruption". On the evening of 19}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6186621\charrsid6186621 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6186621 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 November 2002, Mr. Broadbridge from Fiji TV was invited to a cocktail at Mr. Hari Punja's house. Mr. Hari Punja is Mr. A. Punja's f ather. Mr. Hari Punja owned 300,000 shares of Fiji TV and was also on the Board of Directors. Mr. A. Punja told Mr. Broadbridge, at the cocktail, what the accused was intending to do. Mr. Broadbridge was interested in the story. He showed an eagerness to assist the Punja family.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 21.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 Mr. Broadbridge provided the camcorder. A meeting was arranged with the accused at the Curry House Restaurant. Mr. A. Punja was secretly fitted with a wireless transmitter. He and another met the accused at the Curry House. Fro m a premises in Cumming Street, the DV Camcorder was aimed at the Curry House Restaurant. The conversation between Mr. A. Punja and the accused was recorded in the video tape. Later on Mr. Broadbridge ran a TV story on Mr. A. Punja's conversation with the accused in the Curry House. The TV later showed the arrest of the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 accused from his home. Mr. Broadbridge ran the story in follow-ups for 3 days. Mr. A. Punja was interviewed on TV, and he said he only wanted "to expose corruption". However, Mr. Punja did n ot inform Mr. Broadbridge from the outset that Blue Gas was under investigation by the accused, on behalf of the Department of Fair Trading, for selling underfilled gas cylinders to the public. This was not mentioned in the TV coverage.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 22.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 At paragraph 38, His Lordship commented, }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6186621 "...At the end of the day the tables were indeed turned on the Accused. His caution interview of the Managing Director for Blue Gas in which full and clear admissions of the underfilling of the gas cylinders had been made, never resulted in any further action against Blue Gas. There was no prosecution of Blue Gas, nor was a letter of warning issued even. Ajai Punja was not even sure what happened to the underweight cylinders..." \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 23.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 At paragraph 39, His Lordship said, }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6186621 "...In the opening remarks of his}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid6186621 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6186621 speech in Looseley, Lord Nicholls of Birkenhead said }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6186621 [}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6186621 para }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6186621 1}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6186621 ]: \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6317546 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 "}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6317546 every court has an inherent power and duty to prevent abuse of its process. This is a fundamental principle of the rule of law. By recourse to this principle courts ensure that executive agents of the State do not misuse the coercive, law enforcement functions of the courts and thereby o ppress citizens of the State. . . "}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3701984 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 24.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 At paragraph 41, His Lordship said, }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6186621 "...In spite of improper motives on}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid6186621 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6186621 the part of the persons gathering evidence here and what }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid6186621 might be }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6186621 regarded as a manipulation of the process for their own ends, a fair trial of the charges against the Accused could still take place. However that is not the sole consideration. The courts "cannot contemplate for a moment the transference to the executive of the responsibility for seeing that the process of the law is not abused. C o nnelly v Director of Public Prosecutions (1964) 48 Cr. App. R. 183, at p.268. The judiciary should accept a responsibility for the maintenance of the rule of law that embraces a willingness to oversee executive action and to refuse to countenance behavior that threatens either basic human rights or the rule of law: per Lord Nicholls (Loosely supra para 13)..."}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 25.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 Then, in paragraph 44, His Lordship }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 said, "...In Ridgeway [1994-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 951 184 CLR 19 at p.74 Gaudron J said of entrapment and abuse}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 of process:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6317546 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 "The inherent (200) powers of superior courts to prevent an abuse of process exist to protect the courts and their proceedings, and to maintain public confidence in the administration of justice (201). And the maintenance of public confidence in that rega rd depends on ensuring}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 that judicial proceedings serve the ends of justice, not injustice (202)..."}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3701984 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 26.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 His Lordship concluded at paragraph 45 by saying, }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6186621 "...In considering the overall circumstances in which the conversatio}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10511923 n was approached and recorded, I}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6186621 find that there has been a lack of bona fides amounting to an abuse of process. Had there been good faith, an absence of conflict of interest, and no manipulation of the process, }{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6186621\charrsid6186621 I}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6186621 might have found otherwise for the fruit of the recording may well have est ablished guilt. But the court cannot stand by and lend credence to such unjust}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid6186621 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6186621 manoeuvres which undermine the credibility of a judicial system: Reg v Horseferry Rd Ct.ex p. Bennett [1994] 1 AC 42; R v Shaheed [2002] 2 NZLR 377... "His Lordship then granted permanent stay to the proceeding. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 27.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 The question to be asked in this case is: Does the fact situation in this case fit in with the fact situation in }{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3802886 The State}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3802886 v }{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3802886 Sat Naray}{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3802886 a}{ \b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3802886 n Pal's case}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3802886 (High Court, supra).}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 Alternatively, was the fact situation in }{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3802886 The State}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3802886 v }{ \b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3802886 Sat Narayan Pal's case}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3802886 (High Court, supra)}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 similar to the fact situation in this case. In my view, it must be mentioned at the outset that, the fact situation in this case does not fit in with}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 the fact situation in }{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3802886 The State}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3802886 v }{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3802886 Sat Nara}{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3802886 y}{ \b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3802886 an Pal's}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 case. For a start, Vinod Patel & Company Limited was not being investigated by any State Department concerning any criminal matter. None of its employees have being caution interviewed on any pending criminal matter, involving the company. Even the appli c ant, in her evidence in court said, she was not aware of any investigation by any government Department, on Vinod Patel and Company Ltd on any matter. Contrast this with Blue Gas being investigated by the Department of Fair Trading on selling underfilled gas cylinders to the public. Also note that Mr. A. Punja had been caution interviewed in the matter, and he admitted that Blue Gas was selling underfilled gas cylinders to the public.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 28. Furthermore, in }{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3802886 The State}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3802886 v }{ \b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3802886 Sat Narayan Pal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 , the recorded conversati on was between Mr. A. Punja (Blue Gas) and the accused (Department of Fair Trading). It was between two separate legal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 entities. The subject matter under discussion was the accused attempting to obtain a bribe from Mr. A. Punja to close its file, and stop prosecuting Blue Gas, for selling underfilled gas cylinders to members of the public. In this case, the recorded conversations involved an internal company matter, involving the company and a staff (the accused), who was suspected of stealing thousands an d thousands of dollars from the company. The company was trying to ascertain from the accused, the total amount of money she had allegedly stolen, and whether or not others were involved. The company was also trying to ascertain from the accused, where she had kept the huge amount of money allegedly stolen. I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052168 n a sense, it was an employer -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 employee matter.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 29.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 In an employer - employee contract of employment, the employee owes a duty to be truthful to his or her employer. This is especially so, when the employee is entrusted with the employer's money. In}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 this case, the applicant, as an employee, was trusted by her employer. She was the secretary to the Managing Director of Vinod Patel and Company Ltd. According to Kumar Shankar, the company earns about $80 m illion annually. When it was alleged that the applicant had stolen approximately $325,000 on 17}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6052168\charrsid6052168 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052168 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 May 2007, in my view, it was totally in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 order for the company to carry out its internal investigation, even without notifying the police. It was essential for a company of Vinod Patel's size, to get its basic facts together, before it reported the matter to police. For example, how much money was involved? Who was involved? How did they operate? Where was the loophole in the}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 company's financial system? Can it be closed? Where is the stolen money? Can it be recovered?}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 30.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 In attempting to answer the above questions, Vinod Patel Company Ltd, through its staff, organized four meetings:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6317546 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 (i)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 on 12}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6052168\charrsid6052168 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052168 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 May 2007, at the company's premise at Centrepoint between Kumar Shankar, Navin Sen and the applicant;}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 (ii)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 on 14}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6052168\charrsid6052168 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052168 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 May 2007, at the company's premise at Centrepoint}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 between Kumar Shankar, Jayanti Patel, Mohammed Haroon, Navin Sen, Hemendra Nagin and the Applicant's husband;}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 (iii) on 15}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6052168\charrsid6052168 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052168 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 May 2007, at the company's premise at Centrepoint,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 between Kumar Shankar,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052168 J.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 Patel, Haroon, Sen, Nagin and the Applicant's husband;}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 (iv)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 on 17}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6052168\charrsid6052168 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052168 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 May 2007, at Sherani & Co, between Mr. Nagin, }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052168 J}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 . Patel,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 Kumar and the applicant and her husband.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3701984 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 In my view, after carefully considering all the evidence, Vinod Patel Company Ltd, through its staff, were acting in the course of a bona fide inquiry, when participating in the above meetings. Approximately $472,466.47 had being sto len from them, allegedly by the applicant. In my view, after considering all the evidence, the above meetings and inquiries were carried out in good faith and for a proper purpose. For these reasons, the applicant's stay application cannot succeed on this ground.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 31.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6317546 Ground 9(iv): The State's intention to re}{ \b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052168 ly }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6317546 on and utilize the evidence procured through the rogue }{ \b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid6317546 conduct of the non-State agents.}{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 Given the court's finding in paragraph 30 hereof, that the actions of}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 Vinod Patel Company's staff during its inquiries cannot be classified as "rogue conduct by non-State agents", because they were acting in good faith, the applicant's stay application, it seems, cannot succeed on this ground also.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 32.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 In conclusion, the principles in }{ \b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6052168 The State}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6052168 v }{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6052168 Sat Narayan Pal's}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6052168 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 case (High Court, supra), does not apply in this case. The non-State agents in this case, while conducting inquiries on company matters, were acting in good faith, while in }{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6052168 The State}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6052168 v }{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6052168 Sat Nara}{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052168\charrsid6052168 y}{ \b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6052168 an Pal}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid6052168 (supra),}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 the non-State agents, when conducting their inquiries, were not acting in good faith. For these reasons, the applicant's}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 application for a stay is not granted. The application is accordingly dismissed.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 33.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 Can the court, in the alternative, treat this proceeding as "a trial within a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 trial?" In paragraph 6 hereof, the parties answered positively. The}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 defence asked that "all alleged confessions obtained from the accused}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 before the matter was referred to the po lice, be declared inadmissible}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 evidence". The State, on the other hand, intends to use any confession}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 that has been declared admissible evidence. This was especially so with the alleg}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052168 ed confession made on the 17}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6052168\charrsid6052168 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052168 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 May 2007 meeting. The court}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 has therefore decided to treat this application, in the alternative, as a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 trial within a trial.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 34. In this case, there were three instances in which the accused was alleged to have made confessions, to staff employed by Vinod Patel and Company Ltd:}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6317546 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052168 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 i)}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052168 Saturday 12}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6052168\charrsid6052168 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052168 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 May 2007, at the company's premises at Centrepoint, between Kumar Shankar and the accused. Mr. Shankar was checking the Company Bank Statements, and noticed a suspicious transaction involving cheque No. 37010, payable to Carpenters Shipping, which was cas hed on 11}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15138992\charrsid15138992 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15138992 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 May 2007. According to Mr. Shankar, the accused voluntarily confessed to him that she cashed the cheque for $15,172.38. He said, he didn't force or threaten the accused to confess. The accused, in her evidence, appeared to deny Mr. Shankar's statement.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6052168 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 ii)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 Sunday 13}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15138992\charrsid15138992 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15138992 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 May 2007, at Raiwaqa Sports City Complex, between Navin Sen [Head of Department of Accounts Payable, Vinod Patel], and the accused. According to Mr. Sen, the accused called him on the company mobile phone at 10.30am to meet at Rai waqa Sports Complex. They met at about 11.25am, and according to Mr. Sen, the accused voluntarily confessed to him that she cashed Vinod Patels Cheque No.37010 for $15,172.38. She also told him that, she had also cashed similar }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15138992\charrsid3701984 cheques,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 and asked for Mr. Sen to "help her out of the situation". Mr. Sen said, the accused o}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15138992 ffered her $10,000 cash. Mr. Se}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 n did not take the money, as it was unethical. Mr. Sen said, no force or threat was made on the accused to confess. The accused on the other hand, denied the above allegations.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 (iii) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 Thursday 17}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15138992\charrsid15138992 th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15138992 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 May 2007, at Sherani & Company's office between Mr. Hemendra Nagin [Vinod Patel's lawyer], Mr. Jayanti Patel}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 [Director], Kumar Shankar [Company Secretary] and the accused and her husband. This meeting was secretly recorded by Mr. Nagin, and the language used during the meeting was mainly in Hindi. It was transcri bed and translated into English by Mr. Nagin. The recording was played in court, in the presence of our court interpreter. The court has carefully read the English transcript of the meeting, and has also heard the recording. During the meeting, the accuse d allegedly made confessions.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3701984 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 35.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 "...The test for the admissibility of statements made by the accused to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 persons in authority, is whether they were voluntary, obtained without}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 oppression or unfairness and breaches of any constitutional rights. The}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 burden of proving voluntariness, fairness, lack of oppression and}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 observance of constitutional rights rests on the prosecution, and all}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 matters must be proved beyond reasonable doubt. Evidence of assault,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 which is accepted by the court, is sufficient to raise a reasonable doubt}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 as to voluntariness. Evidence of long hours of questioning without}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 adequate breaks, prolonged detention without charge, and deprivation}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 of sleep, or water would constitute oppressive conduct...": per Her}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 Ladyship Madam Justice N. Shameem, }{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid15138992 State}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid15138992 v }{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid15138992 Mohammed Harun}{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid15138992 }{ \b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid15138992 Khan}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid15138992 , Criminal Case No. HAC 009 of 2004, High Court, Suva.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 The}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 above quotation must be read in the light of the abrogation of the Fiji Constitution Amendment Act 1997, on 10}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid15138992\charrsid15138992 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15138992 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 April 2009, by the President}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 and Commander in Chief of the Republic of the Fiji Military Forces. \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 36.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 A lot of evidences were tendered by both sides in this proceeding, both}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 in affidavit form, and by cross-examination and re-examinatio}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618915 n in court. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 On the first verbal confession that wa s made by the accused to Mr. Kumar Shankar, at the company's premise at Centrepoint, on Saturday 12}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid618915\charrsid618915 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618915 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 May 2007, I find it was voluntarily given by the accused to Mr. Kumar Shankar. In my view, after assessing all the evidence, the accused's verbal confessi on to Mr. Kumar Shankar, was given voluntarily and out of her free will. This is so despite the accused's denial. It is admissible evidence. Its acceptance or otherwise, will be a matter for the assessors, to decide.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 37.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 As to the second verbal confession by the accused to Mr. Navin Sen, at Raiwaqa Sports City Complex, on Sunday 13}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid618915\charrsid618915 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618915 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 May 2007, I find it was voluntarily given by the accused to Mr. Navin Sen. In my view, after assessing all the evidence, the accused's verbal confession to Mr. Navin Sen, was given voluntarily and out of her own free will. This is so despite the accused's denial. It is admissible evidence. Like the previous verbal confession, its acceptance or otherwise, will be a matter for the assessors to decide.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 38.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 As for the alleged confession made by the accused, on 17} {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid618915\charrsid618915 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618915 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 May 2007, at Sherani & Company's office, I reach a different conclusion. The Vinod Patel Company, through their staff and solicitors, is in a position of authority vis-}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618915 \'e0}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 -vis their employee, the accused, at the time. It w as therefore essential for Vinod Patel's staff, including its lawyers, to comply with the standard rule of the admissibility of statements given by an accused person to a person in authority, as highlighted in }{ \b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid618915 State}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid618915 v }{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid618915 Mohammed}{ \i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid618915 }{\b\i\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid618915 Harun Khan}{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid618915 (supra)}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 . In this case, after first reading the transcript, I reached the impression that the accused's confession was}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 given voluntarily, that is, out of her own free will, during the 17}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid618915\charrsid618915 th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618915 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 May}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 2007 meeting. However, when the CD recording was played out in}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 court, I reached a different conclusion. Although I don't understand the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 Hindi language, the accused's tone of voice showed she was under}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 extreme pressure. Obviously, she was pressured by the company's}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 officials to the extent she wanted to die. Assessing the transcript and the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 recording, the accused was not given breaks, or asked to have a cup a}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 tea, or got to the toilet, or have a smoke - as is standard in any police}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 interview. All I could hear was the continuous wailing of the accused.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 In my view, after assessing all the evidence, I find that the accused}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 involuntarily gave her confession, at the 17}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid618915\charrsid618915 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618915 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 May 2007 meeting. In}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 other words, her confession, at the meeting, was giv}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 en without her own free will. I }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 therefore declare her admissions at the 17th May 2007}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 meeting inadmissible evidence.}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546\charrsid3701984 \par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 39. In summary, the stay application is dismissed. The oral admissions}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 made by the accused to Mr. Kumar Shankar, on 12}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid618915\charrsid618915 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618915 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 May 2007, and to}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 Mr. Navin Sen}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618915 ,}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 on 13}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid618915\charrsid618915 th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618915 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 May 2007 are admissible evidence, and their}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 acceptance or otherwise, will be a matter for the assessors to decide. The admissions the accused made on 17}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid618915\charrsid618915 th}{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618915 }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 May 2007 are inadmissible}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6317546 }{ \fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid3701984 evidence. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7304867 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid7304867 Salesi Te}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618915 m}{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid7304867 o}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304867\charrsid7304867 \par }{\b\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid7304867 Acting judge \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3701984 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304867\charrsid3701984 \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid7304867 AT SUVA \par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304867\charrsid7304867 19}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid7304867\charrsid7304867 th}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304867\charrsid7304867 }{ \b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3701984\charrsid7304867 March 2010 \par }}