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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT LAUTOKA
\par CRIMINAL JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14030062 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14030062 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 CRIMINAL CASE NO. HAC 121 OF 2010
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14030062 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14030062 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 STATE
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14030062 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 LAISIASA NAIGANI
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14030062 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 Mr. J. Singh for the State
\par Accused in Person
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14030062 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 SUMMING UP
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14030062 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 [1]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 Madam and Gentlemen assessors; we have now come to the stage in the
 trial where it is my duty to sum up the evidence to you; and to direct you on the law.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 
You will then be required to deliberate together and each of you must give a separate opinion whether the accused is guilty or not guilty of the charge.
\par 
\par [2]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 Our functions in this trial have been and remain quite different throughout this trial.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 The law has been my area of responsibility and I must now give you directions as to the law which applies in this case.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 When I do so, you must accept those directions and follow them.
\par 
\par [3]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 The facts of this case are your responsibility.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 You will wish to take into account the arguments in the State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 s closing 
speech you heard yesterday afternoon but you are not bound to accept them.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 Equally, if in the course of my review of t
he evidence I appear to express any views concerning facts, or emphasize
 a particular aspect of the evidence, do not adopt those views unless you agree with them and if I do not mention something which you think is important you should have regard to it and give it such weight as you think fit.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 When it comes to the facts of this case it is your judgment alone that counts.
\par 
\par [4]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 In arriving at your conclusions you must consider only the evidence you heard in this case.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 You must disregard anything you heard from friends, relatives or through any media outlet about this case.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 You must ignore any suggestions or advice made to you by anyone, no matter how well meaning it may be.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 
\par 
\par [5]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 You must decide this case only on the evidence which has been placed befor
e you that includes witnesses and exhibits which have been produced.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 There will be no more evidence.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 You are entitled to draw inferences that is to come to common sense conclusions based on the evidence which you accept, but you must not sp
eculate about what evidence there may have been or allow yourselves to be drawn into speculation.
\par 
\par [6]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 In assessing the evidence, you are at liberty to accept the whole of witness
 evidence or accept part of it and reject the other part or reject the whole.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 In deciding 
on the credibility of any witness you should take into account not only what you heard but what you saw.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 
You must take into account the manner in which the witness gave evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 Was he or she evasive?}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 How did he or she stand up to cross examination?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 You are to ask yourselves was the witness honest and reliable?
\par 
\par [7]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 As assessors you were chosen from the community.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 You, individually and collectively, represent a pool of common sense and experience of human affairs in our community which qualifies you to be judges of the facts in the trial.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 You are expected and indeed required to use that 
common sense and experience in your deliberations and in deciding upon any proposition put to you and in evaluating the evidence in this trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 You are to ask yourselves whether it accords with common sense or is it contrary to common sense and experience.
\par 
\par [8]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 
I ask you to please put aside any feelings of prejudice you may have against certain people and to put aside any sympathy you might feel for anyone connected with the trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 This court room has no place for sympathy or prejudices \endash  you must arrive at your opinions calmly and dispassionately.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 In that regard please do not be prejudiced by the unpleasant nature of the facts this case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 You should try to put that aside and look at the evidence alone when deciding.
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 Onus and burden of proof}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 
\par 
\par [9]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 In this case, as in every case in Fiji, the prosecution must prove that the defendant is guilty.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 He does not have to prove his innocence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 In a criminal trial the burden of proving the defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 
s guilt is on the prosecution.
\par 
\par [10]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 How does the prosecution succeed in proving the defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 s guilt?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 The answer is \endash  by making you sure of it.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 Nothing less will do.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 
If after considering all the evidence you are sure that the defendant is guilty you must return a verdict of }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 Guilty}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 
If you are not sure, your verdict must be }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 Not Guilty}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 .
\par 
\par [11]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 The accused faced two counts on the information against him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 He pleaded guilty to the first count but not guilty to the second.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 T
he second count is one of rape as you have seen and is the count on which you must deliver an opinion.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 
Before I tell you what rape is in law, I repeat what I said at the beginning of this trial and that is the fact that the accused has pleaded guilty to the first count on the information is totally irrelevant to the count of rape.
 You are to judge the accused on the count of rape alone and on the evidence for that adduced in this Courtroom and on nothing else.
\par 
\par [12]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 In law, the offence of rape is committed
 when a man has sexual intercourse with the victim and in doing so, he knew or believed that she was not consenting or didn}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 
t care if she was not consenting.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 The definition of sexual intercourse is penetration of the vagina with some or all of the penis.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 Consent cannot be freely given if it is obtained by force, threats or intimidation or any other bodily fear.
\par 
\par [13]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 I will not go over the facts in detail, because you only heard them yesterday.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 The State says that on the 21st of August 2010, Avelina went to Ba town where she happened to meet the accused.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 He liked her immediately and dressed in a navy jump suit, he told her to come with him as he was investigating the whereabouts of a missing girl.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 He took her to a dark staircase near Anita}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 s Jewellery Shop.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 Now, none of those facts are in dispute.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 What happens next is in dispute:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 Avelina says the accused punched her and she blacked out, only coming to at 8.00pm at the Ba bus stand.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 She vaguely remembers him removing her clothes.
\par 
\par [14]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 The accused says in his evidence that he never punched her but told her he wanted sex with her and would marry her.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 He took her to a cane field where they had sex \endash  she being a willing partner.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 He has no idea how she got bruises and the doctor who examined her is lying both in her medical report and in Court.
\par 
\par [15]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 You will realize that the accused gave a very different version of events in his caution interview.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 Then he admits assaulting the girl and forcing himself sexually on her.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 He tells us now that he was scared in the Police Station so all of his answers there are lies.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 It is of course a matter for you to decide which version is true: the caution interview or the evidence in Court.
\par 
\par [16]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 I must say a word about the Doctor}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 s medical report.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 She examined Avelina the day after the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 incident}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 
 and she found evidence of one day old penetration and of forceful penetration.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 
This evidence is consistent of course with consensual and non consensual intercourse.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 
In this respect the report does not assist either side, apart from proving that there was intercourse, which of course is admitted anyway.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 Where the report does assist, if you accept that the Doctor was not lying, 
is in her findings of bruising on the right cheek which bears out the evidence of the victim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 Nevertheless it is a matter solely for you.

\par 
\par [17]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 That then is a simple summary of the evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 You alone must act on this evidence as you find it and if you are not sure that the State has proved its case of rape, then you must find the accused not guilty.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 If you are sure, then it is your duty to return a verdict of guilty.
\par 
\par [18]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 Lastly, I remind you of the accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 s case:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 
he says that his evidence to the Police was all lies because he was scared.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 He says that the girl consented and that he never 
assaulted her.
\par 
\par [19]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 You may now retire and tell my clerks when you are ready with your opinions.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14030062 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 P.K. Madigan
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 Judge}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14030062 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14030062\charrsid14030062 At Lautoka
\par 03 November 2010
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1972231\charrsid14030062 
\par }}