{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\deff0\stshfdbch37\stshfloch37\stshfhich37\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f1\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}Arial;}{\f2\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Courier New;}{\f3\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol;}
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{\f10\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings;}{\f11\froman\fcharset128\fprq1{\*\panose 02020609040205080304}MS Mincho{\*\falt ?l?r ??\'81\'66c};}
{\f12\fnil\fcharset129\fprq1{\*\panose 02030600000101010101}Batang{\*\falt \'a8\'cfoUAA};}{\f13\fnil\fcharset134\fprq2{\*\panose 02010600030101010101}SimSun{\*\falt ??\'a1\'a7??};}
{\f14\fnil\fcharset136\fprq2{\*\panose 02010601000101010101}PMingLiU{\*\falt !Ps2OcuAe};}{\f15\fmodern\fcharset128\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0609070205080204}MS Gothic{\*\falt ?l?r ?S?V?b?N};}
{\f16\fmodern\fcharset129\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0600000101010101}Dotum{\*\falt \'a1\'cdi\'a1\'cb\'a1\'fe\'a1\'cb?o};}{\f17\fmodern\fcharset134\fprq1{\*\panose 02010600030101010101}SimHei{\*\falt o\'a1\'a72\'a1\'a7??};}
{\f18\fmodern\fcharset136\fprq1{\*\panose 02010609000101010101}MingLiU{\*\falt 2OcuAe};}{\f19\froman\fcharset128\fprq1{\*\panose 02020609040305080305}Mincho{\*\falt ??\'81\'66c};}
{\f20\froman\fcharset129\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0600000101010101}Gulim{\*\falt \'a2\'ae\'a8\'fa\'a1\'a7u\'a1\'cb\'a1\'fe\'a8\'cf\'a1\'c0};}{\f21\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040604050505020304}Century;}
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{\f46\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 030f0702030302020204}Comic Sans MS;}{\f47\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0806030902050204}Impact;}{\f48\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040502050405020303}Georgia;}
{\f49\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603020102020204}Franklin Gothic Medium;}{\f50\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040502050505030304}Palatino Linotype;}{\f51\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0603020202020204}Trebuchet MS;}
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{\f55\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0503020202020204}Agency FB;}{\f56\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04020705040a02060702}Algerian;}{\f57\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0506020202030204}Arial Narrow;}
{\f58\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0704030504030204}Arial Rounded MT Bold;}{\f59\fswiss\fcharset128\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604020202020204}@Arial Unicode MS;}{\f60\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020602080505020303}Baskerville Old Face;}
{\f61\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04030905020b02020c02}Bauhaus 93;}{\f62\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020503060305020303}Bell MT;}{\f63\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0602020502020306}Berlin Sans FB;}
{\f64\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02050806060905020404}Bernard MT Condensed;}{\f65\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04020505051007020d02}Blackadder ITC;}{\f66\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02070603080606020203}Bodoni MT;}
{\f67\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02070a03080606020203}Bodoni MT Black;}{\f68\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02070606080606020203}Bodoni MT Condensed;}{\f69\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02070706080601050204}Bodoni MT Poster Compressed;}
{\f70\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02050604050505020204}Bookman Old Style;}{\f71\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03070402050302030203}Bradley Hand ITC;}{\f72\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0903060703020204}Britannic Bold;}
{\f73\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040905080b02020502}Broadway;}{\f74\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 0207040306080b030204}Californian FB;}{\f75\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040603050505030304}Calisto MT;}
{\f76\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020a0402060406010301}Castellar;}{\f77\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02030504050205020304}Centaur;}{\f78\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502020202020204}Century Gothic;}
{\f79\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040604050505020304}Century Schoolbook;}{\f80\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04020404031007020602}Chiller;}{\f81\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04020805060202030203}Colonna MT;}
{\f82\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 0208090404030b020404}Cooper Black;}{\f83\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0705020206020404}Copperplate Gothic Bold;}{\f84\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0507020206020404}Copperplate Gothic Light;}
{\f85\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040404050702020202}Curlz MT;}{\f86\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 030303020407070d0804}Edwardian Script ITC;}{\f87\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020904090505020303}Elephant;}
{\f88\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02090707080505020304}Engravers MT;}{\f89\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0907030504020204}Eras Bold ITC;}{\f90\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0805030504020804}Eras Demi ITC;}
{\f91\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0402030504020804}Eras Light ITC;}{\f92\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0602030504020804}Eras Medium ITC;}{\f93\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04060505060202020a04}Felix Titling;}
{\f94\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 0204060206030a020304}Footlight MT Light;}{\f95\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03060902040502070203}Forte;}{\f96\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0503020102020204}Franklin Gothic Book;}
{\f97\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0703020102020204}Franklin Gothic Demi;}{\f98\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0706030402020204}Franklin Gothic Demi Cond;}{\f99\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0903020102020204}Franklin Gothic Heavy;}
{\f100\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0606030402020204}Franklin Gothic Medium Cond;}{\f101\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 030804020302050b0404}Freestyle Script;}{\f102\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03020402040607040605}French Script MT;}
{\f103\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020404030301010803}Garamond;}{\f104\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040504061007020d02}Gigi;}{\f105\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0902020104020203}Gill Sans MT Ext Condensed Bold;}
{\f106\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502020104020203}Gill Sans MT;}{\f107\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0506020104020203}Gill Sans MT Condensed;}{\f108\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0a02020104020203}Gill Sans Ultra Bold;}
{\f109\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0a06020104020203}Gill Sans Ultra Bold Condensed;}{\f110\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02030808020601010101}Gloucester MT Extra Condensed;}
{\f111\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020502050305020303}Goudy Old Style;}{\f112\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 0202090407030b020401}Goudy Stout;}{\f113\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0706040902060204}Haettenschweiler;}
{\f114\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04030604020f02020d02}Harlow Solid Italic;}{\f115\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040505050a02020702}Harrington;}{\f116\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040502050506030303}High Tower Text;}
{\f117\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04020605060303030202}Imprint MT Shadow;}{\f118\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04090605060d06020702}Jokerman;}{\f119\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040403040a02020202}Juice ITC;}
{\f120\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03050502040202030202}Kristen ITC;}{\f121\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 030304020206070d0d06}Kunstler Script;}{\f122\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02040602050505020304}Lucida Bright;}
{\f123\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03010101010101010101}Lucida Calligraphy;}{\f124\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02060602050505020204}Lucida Fax;}{\f125\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03010101010101010101}Lucida Handwriting;}
{\f126\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0602030504020204}Lucida Sans;}{\f127\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0509030504030204}Lucida Sans Typewriter;}{\f128\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05010100010000000000}MS Outlook;}
{\f129\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04030805050802020d02}Magneto;}{\f130\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0502030308020204}Maiandra GD;}{\f131\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03020802060602070202}Matura MT Script Capitals;}
{\f132\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03090702030407020403}Mistral;}{\f133\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02070704070505020303}Modern No. 20;}{\f134\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03010101010201010101}Monotype Corsiva;}
{\f135\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04020502070703030202}Niagara Engraved;}{\f136\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04020502070702020202}Niagara Solid;}{\f137\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02010509020102010303}OCR A Extended;}
{\f138\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03040902040508030806}Old English Text MT;}{\f139\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04050602080702020203}Onyx;}{\f140\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 030303020206070c0b05}Palace Script MT;}
{\f141\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03070502060502030205}Papyrus;}{\f142\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03040602040708040804}Parchment;}{\f143\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020502060401020303}Perpetua;}
{\f144\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020502060505020804}Perpetua Titling MT;}{\f145\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 040506030a0602020202}Playbill;}{\f146\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02080502050505020702}Poor Richard;}
{\f147\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03060402040406080204}Pristina;}{\f148\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03070502040507070304}Rage Italic;}{\f149\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040805050809020602}Ravie;}
{\f150\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02060603020205020403}Rockwell;}{\f151\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02060603050405020104}Rockwell Condensed;}{\f152\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02060903040505020403}Rockwell Extra Bold;}
{\f153\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 030604020304060b0204}Informal Roman;}{\f154\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03040602040607080904}Script MT Bold;}{\f155\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04020904020102020604}Showcard Gothic;}
{\f156\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04040a07060a02020202}Snap ITC;}{\f157\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 040409050d0802020404}Stencil;}{\f158\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0602020104020603}Tw Cen MT;}
{\f159\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0606020104020203}Tw Cen MT Condensed;}{\f160\fdecor\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 04020404030d07020202}Tempus Sans ITC;}{\f161\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03070502030502020203}Viner Hand ITC;}
{\f162\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03020602050506090804}Vivaldi;}{\f163\fscript\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 03050402040407070305}Vladimir Script;}{\f164\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020a0a07050505020404}Wide Latin;}
{\f165\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05020102010507070707}Wingdings 2;}{\f166\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05040102010807070707}Wingdings 3;}{\f167\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0802020502020306}Berlin Sans FB Demi;}
{\f168\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05010101010101010101}Bookshelf Symbol 7;}{\f169\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0604030504040204}MS Reference Sans Serif;}{\f170\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000500000000000000}MS Reference Specialty;}
{\f171\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0803020202020204}Tw Cen MT Condensed Extra Bold;}{\f172\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010205020202}MT Extra;}{\f173\fswiss\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0504020104020203}Andale Mono IPA;}
{\f174\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020e0502030303020204}Candara;}{\f175\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 020b0609020204030204}Consolas;}{\f176\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02030602050306030303}Constantia;}
{\f177\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0503020204020204}Corbel;}{\f178\fnil\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ZWAdobeF;}{\f179\froman\fcharset0\fprq0{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}Times New Roman Bold;}
{\f180\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020b0502050508020304}CG Omega{\*\falt Century Gothic};}{\f181\fmodern\fcharset128\fprq1{\*\panose 02020609040205080304}@MS Mincho;}
{\f182\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Mincho Western{\*\falt \'82l\'82r \'96\'be\'92\'a9};}{\f183\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Mincho CE{\*\falt \'82l\'82r \'963\'92\'a9};}
{\f184\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Mincho Cyr{\*\falt \'82l\'82r \'96?\'92\'a9};}{\f185\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Mincho Greek{\*\falt \'82l\'82r \'96?\'92\'a9};}
{\f186\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Mincho Tur{\*\falt \'82l\'82r \'96\'be\'92\'a9};}{\f187\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}MS Mincho Baltic{\*\falt \'82l\'82r \'96\'be\'92\'a9};}
{\f188\fnil\fcharset238\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ZWAdobeF CE;}{\f189\fnil\fcharset204\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ZWAdobeF Cyr;}{\f190\fnil\fcharset161\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ZWAdobeF Greek;}
{\f191\fnil\fcharset162\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ZWAdobeF Tur;}{\f192\fnil\fcharset177\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ZWAdobeF (Hebrew);}{\f193\fnil\fcharset178\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ZWAdobeF (Arabic);}
{\f194\fnil\fcharset186\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ZWAdobeF Baltic;}{\f195\fnil\fcharset163\fprq2{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}ZWAdobeF (Vietnamese);}{\f196\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Mincho Western;}
{\f197\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Mincho CE;}{\f198\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Mincho Cyr;}{\f199\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Mincho Greek;}
{\f200\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Mincho Tur;}{\f201\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1{\*\panose 00000000000000000000}@MS Mincho Baltic;}{\f202\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f203\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f205\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f206\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f207\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f208\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f209\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f210\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f212\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Arial CE;}{\f213\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Arial Cyr;}{\f215\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Arial Greek;}
{\f216\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Arial Tur;}{\f217\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Arial (Hebrew);}{\f218\fswiss\fcharset178\fprq2 Arial (Arabic);}{\f219\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Arial Baltic;}{\f220\fswiss\fcharset163\fprq2 Arial (Vietnamese);}
{\f222\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f223\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}{\f225\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f226\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;}
{\f227\fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}{\f228\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}{\f229\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f230\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);}
{\f242\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Helvetica CE;}{\f243\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Helvetica Cyr;}{\f245\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Helvetica Greek;}{\f246\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Helvetica Tur;}{\f247\fswiss\fcharset177\fprq2 Helvetica (Hebrew);}
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\cs19\fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid15409754 105}}}{\cs19\fs20\insrsid4988722 
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\cs19\fs20\insrsid4988722\charrsid11293349 
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\par 
\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
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\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10890479 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid10890479 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT LAUTOKA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid10890479 
\par Civil Action No: HBC 116 of 1999S
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \fi-2040\li2040\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2040\itap0\pararsid10890479 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid10890479 BETWEEN}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10890479\charrsid10890479 

\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10890479\charrsid10890479 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid10890479 RATU EPELI KANAKANA & OTHERS}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10890479\charrsid10890479 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid10890479 & NATIVE LAND TRUST BOARD}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid10890479 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10890479 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid10890479 Plaintiffs
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \fi-2040\li2040\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2040\itap0\pararsid10890479 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid10890479 AND}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10890479\charrsid10890479 

\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10890479\charrsid10890479 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid10890479 ATTORNEY GENERAL OF FIJI
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10890479 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid10890479 1st Defendant
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid10890479 
\par }\pard \qc \fi-2040\li2040\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2040\itap0\pararsid10890479 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid10890479 AND}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10890479\charrsid10890479 

\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10890479\charrsid10890479 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid10890479 NATIVE LANDS COMMISSION
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid10890479 2nd Defendant
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10890479 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 FINAL JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10890479 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par Judgment of:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Inoke J.
\par 
\par Counsel Appearing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10890479  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid10890479 Mr K Vuataki for the Plaintiffs.
\par Ms I Fifita for the NLTB.
\par Mr R Green and Mr G Bai for the 1st Defendant.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Solicitors}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid10890479 Vuataki Law for the Plaintiffs.
\par In-house solicitors for the NLTB.
\par Attorney Generals Chambers for the 1st Defendant.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Dates of Hearing: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid10890479 7 days in October - Nov}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10890479\charrsid10890479 
ember 2006, 6 days in January \endash }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid10890479 March 2007, 30 April 2007, 13, 14, 15, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 27 July 2010.
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par Date of Judgment: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid10890479 22 December 2010
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10890479 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid10890479 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 INTRODUCTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Fiji Islands consists of 300 scattered islands dominated by two larger islands, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Viti Levu}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Vanua Levu}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  which have an area of }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 4,011}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 2,137 square miles}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , respectively.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The remaining }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 1,000 square miles}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  is made up of the larger single islands of Ovalau, Kadavu, Taveuni and Koro and the smalle
r islands of Yasawa, Lomaiviti, Moala and Lau groups}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Exhibit D3: A M Quanchi: \'93This Glorious Company: The Polynesia Company in Melbourne and Fiji\'94
,  Masters Degree Thesis, Monash University 1977}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Plaintiffs are the descendants of the indigenous Fijians that originally owned and occupied the whole of the Suva peninsula which now comprises the City of Suva and its suburbs.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 This is their claim for compensation and other relief in respect of their 
lands which they say were taken and held unlawfully by the British Crown.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The State is now being sued as its successor.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Suva lands are in the largest island of Viti Levu.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The area in question is about }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 27,000 acres}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It is Fiji}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s equivalent of the }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Mabo}{\cs22\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Mabo v Queensland (No 2) 175 CLR 1.}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  case of Australia in which the indigenous inhabitants of the island of }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Mer}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  in the Torres Straits sued the Queensland Government for recognition of their rights as owners.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
DEFINITIONS AND EXPLANATIONS OF LAND TENURE
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The following definitions and explanations are taken from the Native Land Trust Board publication of 1997}{
\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  }{\insrsid4988722\charrsid3560256 NLTB publication \'93Vanua\'94, Issue One, 1997}{\insrsid4988722 .}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In Fiji there are three forms of land tenure: Freehold land, State land and Native land.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Freehold land is land owned in fee simple.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
State land, as the name suggests, is land owned by the State, previously the Crown.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Hence, such land is sometimes referred to as Crown land.}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 And Native land which is land beneficially owned by the indigenous people of the Fiji Islands but held in trust by a statutory trustee, the }
{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Native Land Trust Board}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 NLTB}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 About }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 83%}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  of the lands in these islands are }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Native land}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 9%}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 State land}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  and the rest }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 (8%) Freehold}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Native land is not owned by an individual but rather by the communal unit, the basic of which is the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Mataqali}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  (clan).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The customary landowning unit originated from a well established network of Fijian communal units, so closely related they can trace their origin to one source.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The largest of these communal units is the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Yavusa}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 (tribe). A Yavusa consists of direct male descendants of a single }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Kalou Vu}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 (ancestral god) and every Yavusa traces its origin in this way.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The sons of the original founder established separate Mataqali.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The head of the Yavusa is the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Turaga ni Yavusa}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The first family of sons in each Mataqali formed the various }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Tokatoka}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  (family units).
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Yavusa was in a great majority of cases a collection of related and cognate families joined together for the purpose of defence.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Similarly, several Yavusa united for mutual protection under a selected chief.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Such a confederation became known as }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Vanua}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Further confederation of Vanua united under one chief formed a }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Matanitu}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 According to the Plaintiffs, the claim area was originally settled by three }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Yavusa}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  and their constituent }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Mataqali}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 : }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Yavusa Vatuwaqa, Yavusa Nauluvatu, Yavusa Nayavumata, Mataqali Vunimocelolo, Mataqali Qiomila, Mataqali Nayavumata, Mataqali Naceva, Mataqali Vuniwi, Mataqali Boutaci, Mataqali Nasau and Mataqali Daunivuwai}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 THE PARTIES
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The first named Plaintiff, Ratu Epeli Kanakana, held the chiefly title of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Tui Suva}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  and the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Turaga ni Yavusa Vatuwaqa}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The other ten Plaintiffs are the heads of the other two Yavusa and their constituent Mataqali that owned the claim area.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Statement of Claim pleads that they are suing }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 for their common interest, grievance and remedy in hereditary title and interests to the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 claim area}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In this judgment I will refer to the Plaintiffs as including their ancestors in the appropriate context.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The First Defendant is being sued as the representative of the State.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Native Land Commission}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 NLC}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ) is a statutory body established under the }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Native Lands Act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  which decides and registers Native land ownership.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In the course of oral submissions, it became apparent that the NLTB was more than just an interested party.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Rather than delay the hearing further, I exercised my discretion under }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Order 15 rule 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 High Court Rules 1988}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 and directed that the NLTB be joined as the 12th Plaintiff.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 CASE HISTORY
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 This case was heard by another Judge over 7 days in October - November 2006, 6 days in January \endash  March 2007 and on 30 April 2007.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Because of illness and retirement His Lordship was not able to deliver the judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The task of completing the case then fell on me which I willingly and humbly accepted.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 With the consent of counsel for the parties, rather than having a hearing }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 de novo}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , I heard oral submissions on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 13, 14, 15, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26 and 27}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 July 2010}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 and reserved my judgment which I now deliver based on the trial transcript, pleadings, exhibits, written and oral submissions.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Twenty two witnesses were called by the Plaintiff and four by the Defendants.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Voluminous statements and documents were tendered into evidence and substantive submissions were filed by counsel.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I also acknowledge and commend the tremendous effort put in by Mr Vuataki counsel for the Plaintiffs, Mr Banuve who was initial counsel
 for the State and more recently Mr Green and Mr Bai for their assistance in clarifying their respective cases, and the attendance of Ms Fifita counsel for the NLTB.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 THE STATEMENT OF CLAIM
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The original Statement of Claim was filed in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 1999}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It was amended in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 2006}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  by leave.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It consists of 15 pages.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I must confess to having some difficulty ascertaining precisely the bases of the claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It is not a criticism of the drafter of the document.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I think it is the nature of the claim that has given rise to the lack of precision.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
As Mr Vuataki submitted, there has never been hitherto a claim such as this.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I quote from the first paragraph of his written submissions in which he summarised his clients}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  claim:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4551864 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4551864\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The Plaintiff Roko Tui Suva, Turaga ni Yavusas and Turaga ni Mataqalis sue on their own behalf and in their respective roles and on behalf of their constituent units and members for their common interest, grievance and remedy in the claim area.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The specific interest is their hereditary interest in the nat
ive titles owned by their forefathers before the advent of Europeans into the claim area.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The grievance is that they no longer occupy such area nor receive adequate compensation for their loss.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
In remedy they seek compensation for their losses and return of such lands in the hands of Government which can be returned where possible.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Claim Area
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 claim area}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 (which I sometimes refer to in this judgment as the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Suva lands}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ) is described as the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Suva peninsula lands commencing at the junction of the Tamavua river and creek and at the creek }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Tuara or Qaqara}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  thence ascending this latter to its course on the hill }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Na Ului Roko Leka}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 thence to the hilltop Namadai thence descending to the junction }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Waisomo}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Waiqariti}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 thence downstream to the junction of creek Nabuni and Wai ko Nasamabula thence down this latter to the sea thence around the sea coast past European town of Suva to the mouth of the Tamavua river and the point of commencement as described by Carew and la
nds of Yavusa Nayavumata included in the Polynesian company map above the Carew bound and bordering with Tamavua native lands.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 This description of the claim area is not in dispute.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The Statement of Claim had attached to it two maps.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Map 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  showed the 
whole of the claim area as described above.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The second map denoted as }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Map 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  showed the different types of land holdings in the claim area.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The areas coloured in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 yellow}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  were Native land in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 reserve
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The areas in }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 green}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  were those in respect of which claims were }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
disallowed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  by the Land Claims Commissions of 1875 and 1921.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 pink}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  areas were }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Crown grants}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The whole of the claim area was thus made up of three general areas (1) a }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Native reserve}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , (2) areas which became Crown lands because settlers}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  claims were disallowed as }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 non bona fide}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
, and (3) areas which were issued as Crown grants in fee simple because they were }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 bona fide}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  claims by settlers.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Plaintiffs claim that }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Yavusa Nauluvatu}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  from time immemorial exclusively occupied and owned Native land known as Nauluvatu in the claim area as a village fortress and continues to lay claim thereto by virtue of }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 traditional connection and hereditary title and interest}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Yavusa Vatuwaqa}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  similarly lays claim to the land known as Delainacovu or Vatuwaqa hill otherwise known as Flagstaff hill and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Yavusa Nayavumata}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  lays claim to the area to the North of the Suva peninsula bordering with Tamavua native lands.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The three Yavusa also lay claim to land in the claim area known as Korobaba and Naiqasiqasi as a village fortress called Suva.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
They claim that from time immemorial they have exclusively occupied and owned the claim area for village purposes, fortresses, gardening and other uses with boundaries ascertainable as between themselves.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 They continue to lay claim thereto by virtue of traditional connection and hereditary title and interest.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 They enjoyed the exclusive right to gather fish and other marine life in mangrove swamps in or about their lands and the surrounding sea and the reefs.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Such rights, titles and interests in lands were established fact as at }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
10 October 1874}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  when sovereignty and radical title over the claim area were ceded to Her Majesty Queen Victoria and Her Successors.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Their Native titles were }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 entail}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 in nature, inalienable with the tail being hereditary and inextinguishable except by extinguishment of the landowning unit by war or natural causes.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Doing the best I can I summarise the bases of claim in the following paragraphs.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par First Basis of Claim \endash  Native title not extinguished by sale
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Plaintiffs allege that because of the nature of Fijian Native title, the sale of any part or the whole of the Suva lands by their chiefs did not extinguish Native title.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 These sales were: (1) two blocks to Swanston and Pickering on 5 May 1860 by Tui Su
va, Donu and Rkoktuku, (2) one block in Muanikau to Reverend Waterhouse on 7 November 1860 by Tui Suva, Kovianatawake, Ligasili and Rokonoevale, and (3) 27,000 acres by to the Polynesia Company Limited on 13 July 1868 by Ratu Seru Cakobau.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24]\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Plaintiffs further say that their ancestral chiefs had no right to sell such lands.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Second Basis of Claim \endash  Native title not extinguished by Deed of Cession
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9523396\charrsid4988722 [25]\tab The Plaintiffs allege that on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9523396\charrsid4988722 10 October 1874, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9523396\charrsid4988722 
the Chiefs of Fiji, trusting in
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 the justice and gen
erosity of Her Majesty Queen Victoria and successors, ceded sovereignty (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 lewa}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ) and radical title over the claim area to Her Majesty Queen Victoria and successors but not the beneficial proprietorship of the soil (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 taukei ni qele}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The result was that the Deed of Cession did not extinguish Native title or the hereditary estates.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Third Basis of Claim \endash  Breach of Fiduciary Duty
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2824857\charrsid4988722 [26]\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Plaintiffs third basis of claim is that the Plaintiffs, through their chiefs, by trust and honour entrusted their so
vereign right to the Crown, the State, as successors of the Crown, owed them a }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 fiduciary duty to properly ascertain native title and protect their interests}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The Plaintiffs allege that the State has breached its fiduciary obligations by engaging in unconscionable conduct amounting to equitable fraud.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Statement of Claim lists ten instances of breach and unconscionable fraud.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2824857\charrsid4988722 [27]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
In particular, the Plaintiffs say that the Crown breached its fiduciary duty by wrongly deciding that land claims were to be 
decided by Land Commissions rather than by a Court. They also say that the Crown wrongly acquired and sold land which had not been }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 bona fide}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  sales or given to the Crown by European settlers in that such lands should have been given back as Native land.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Fourth Basis of Claim \endash  Unlawful relocation and occupation
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2824857\charrsid4988722 [28]\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Statement of Claim further pleads that by reason of the above breaches the Plaintiffs were relocated to the village of Suvavou, which was land belonging to other native owners, and }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 they lost occupancy of the claim area without surrender or extinguishment of their title}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The Crown entered into occupation of the Government House area without the authority or consent of the Plaintiffs and trespassed on to the balance of the claim area by is
suing Crown grants and leases, building road systems and public works and by converting the claim area into the capital of Fiji.
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Fifth Basis of Claim \endash  Breach of State obligations
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [29]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Plaintiffs}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  fifth basis of claim is that in pre-cession negotiations, His Excellency Sir Hercules Robinson }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
promised on behalf of the Crown that native interests would be taken into account}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  if they trusted in Her Majesty}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s generosity to do right by them, that sales of land would be fully investigated and equitably ad
justed and that possession of lands ceded to Her Majesty was in the chiefly manner of giving to Her Majesty and Her Majesty returning such lands to them.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Plaintiffs claim that these were continuing obligations inherited by the State.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The State owes a duty to the Plaintiffs to correct historical errors, to accord them their fundamental human rights and to return all State land to the Plaintiffs}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  and to appoint a Native Lands Commission to ascertain the Plaintiffs}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 titles and boundaries in the claim area.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [30]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
In addition, the Plaintiffs say that the State should pay them compensation for the lands not returned to them and for their fishing grounds.
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Sixth Basis of Claim \endash  Breach of Constitutional Rights
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [31]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The claim under the 1997 Constitution was abandoned and not pursued.
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 THE ORDERS SOUGHT BY THE PLAINTIFFS
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [32]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Orders sought were set out in five pages and I set them out in full for completeness:
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4551864 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 A.\tab}}\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4551864 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A Declaration that a purported sale of the Plaintiff Yavusas and Mataqalis}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  land in the Suva Peninsula lands }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Boundaries of the Land of the Kai Suva commencing at the junction of the Tamavua river and at the creek }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Tuara}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  thence ascending this latter to its course on the hill }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Na Ului Roko Leka}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  thence to
 the hilltop Namadai thence descending to the junction }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Waisomo}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Waiqariti}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  thence downstream to the junction of creek Nabuni and Wai ko Nasamabula thence down, this latter to the sea thence around the sea coast past European town of Suva to the mouth
 of the Tamavua river and the point of commencement and up to the limits of Crown Grants and lands in the possession of State bordering with native lands of Tamavua was null and void on the ground of a sale by a non-owner.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4551864 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 B.\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4551864 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A Declaration that a purported sale of the Plaintiff Yavusas and Mataqalis}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 lands in the Suva Peninsula by Ratu Seru Cakobau on the 13th day of July 1868 and related charters were null and void and not bona fide to pass any title to the Polynesia Company or those who purchased land warrants from it.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4551864 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 C.\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4551864 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A Declaration that:
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1057051 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1057051 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 the Plaintiff Yavusa}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  and Mataqalis}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  native title in their Suva peninsula lands were and are communal, inalienable, hereditary and entail in nature.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962 
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1057051 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1057051\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1057051 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Adult members of the Plaintiff Yavusas and Mataqalis can
 only deal with their life interests on their Yavusa and Mataqali lands and succeeding members have the option to honour, carry on or terminate a previous generation}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s dealing with such life interests.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962 
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1057051 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1057051\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1057051 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The plaintiff units, inclusive of Mataqali Vatu
waqa and Tuirara are the entail owners of the hereditary right to recover compensation for or return of returnable lands in the claim area as was owned by their ancestral units as at 10th October 1874.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962 

\par }\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1057051 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1057051\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iv)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1057051 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Ratu Aporosa and those who dealt with the Crown from the Plaintiff Yavusas and Mataqalis only granted a tenancy at will to the Crown over the Government House land area.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962 
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1057051 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1057051\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (v)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1057051 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Other lands (beside Government House area) held as Crown now State lands by the First Defendant purportedly in the name of the Director of Lands in the Suva peninsula lands over which the Land Claims Commission disallowed claims of Polynesia Company and t
hose who claimed from them, were unlawfully taken and are in the unlawful possession of the Defendant, Director of Lands without compensation.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962 
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1057051 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1057051\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (vi)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls12\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1057051 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Any land in the Suva peninsula purportedly held by the State through Director of Lands are so held on behalf
 of the Plaintiff Mataqalis and Yavusas as Constructive trustee or alternatively as subject to the native title of the Plaintiff Mataqalis and Yavusas except that lands over fishing rights in the claim area are so held by the State as joint owner with the
 Plaintiff and Mataqalis and Yavusas.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16270732 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 D.\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16270732 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A Declaration that:
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 the present Plaintiff units and also Mataqalis Vatuwaqa and Tuirara are the hereditary owners of native title of landowning units over claim area as at 10th October 1874.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962 
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4410275\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The effect 
of a Crown Grant or certificate of title therefrom issued over the claim area is to suspend enjoyment of native title and is revived upon the Crown or State or owner of radical title repurchasing such Crown Grant or Certificate of Title and cancellation o
f such Crown Grant or Certificate of Title.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962 
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4410275\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The effect of a disallowed claim in the claim area was to vest radical title in the Crown, now the State in right of the Crown, and leave beneficial title in the Plaintiff unit that owned such native title 
and the Native Land Commission could have enquired into which lands in the disallowed claim area was the hereditary property of which of the Plaintiff Units as it was not precluded from doing so.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962 
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4410275\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iv)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Crown (and the State if it had sold any land in th
e claim area) had breached its fiduciary duty in selling certificates of title given to it in the town lot area by McEwan and Company as well as selling land in the Disallowed Claim area and Reserve Area.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962 

\par }\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4410275\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (v)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The reserve Area agreed to be leased by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 quit rent}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  by the Crown is not State land but native land.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962 
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4410275\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (vi)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Plaintiff units inshore fisheries has been destroyed or made non consumable by effluence and spillage from the Crown}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s (and now the State}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s) capital of Suva.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962 
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4410275\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (vii)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The State in right of the Crown has breached the Plaintiff}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Unit}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s right to life under section 22 of the 1997 Constitution by depriving them of their livelihood from all of their lands in the claim area.
}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962 
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4410275\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (viii)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The State in right of the Crown in breach of section 38(1) and (2)(a) 
of the 1997 Constitution has discriminated against the Plaintiff Units in the return of all native land encompassed in the 1868 Sale Charter except the Suva block.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962 
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4410275\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ix)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The State in right of the C
rown has breached the Plaintiff units constitutional right to protection of their native title and interests as property without compensation and due process of law as required by section 40 of the 1997 Constitution.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962 
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4410275\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (x)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls13\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The State holds in trust for the Plaintiff units any lands in its possession in the claim area and any monies received by it as rental of lands in the claim area.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 E.\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 
{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A Declaration that Plaintiff units are entitled to:
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 compensation for loss of use of their lands in the claim area from
 1882 to 2006 with interest minus such amount as may have been paid by quit rent or annuity payment unrelated to value of land.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962 
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4410275\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 an Order that the State transfers all leases held and issued by Director of Lands to private owners in the claim area to t
he Native Land Trust Board to be administered by it for the benefit of its native owners as may be ascertained by the Native Land Commission and registered by the Native Land Commission as native land under the Register of Native Lands.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962 
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4410275\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 an Order tha
t the Native Land Commission enquire into native title in the claim area as existed at 10th October 1874 for the purposes of division of compensation of Crown Grant areas and ownership of native title presently subsisting in disallowed claim areas, cancel
led certificate of title acquired by the Crown or the State and the Reserve Areas.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962 
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4410275\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iv)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 an Order that the State pays compensation over subsisting Crown Grant or certificate of titles areas in private lands from 1006 to the future based on value of rental c
alculated by Native Land Trust Board as if the land is rented by the State payable to such landowning unit ascertained by the Native Land Commission to have owned such land as at 10th October 1874.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962 
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4410275\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (v)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 an Order that the State acquire all roads and such lands needed by it in the claim area for public purpose under the provisions of the State Land Acquisition Act.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962 
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4410275\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (vi)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Compensation for destruction of inshore fisheries.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 F.\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A Declaration that the Defendant Republic and its cited agents and servants have a du
ty to act fairly towards the Plaintiff Yavusas and Mataqalis and its members and to accord to them principles of natural justice as far as any future or further action to be carried out on their lands in the Suva peninsula not covered by Crown grants in p
rivate lands that will substantially alter or change the shape thereof and to pay compensation for any such alteration or change.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 G.\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 An Injunction to restrain the Minister of Lands and Director
 of Lands from impairing or continuing to burden the Plaintiff Yavusas and Mataqalis native title to their respective lands in the Suva peninsula without compensation or recognition or reservation of their continuing usufructuary rights or native title in
 such lands.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 H.\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
An Injunction directing the Defendant Minister for Fijian Affairs and Native Land Commission to forthwith within a month of sealing of Order to ascertain the Yavusas and Mataqalis native title to all lands in the Suva Peninsula lands commen
cing at the junction of the Tamavua river and at the creek }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Tuara}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  thence ascending this latter to its course on the hill }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Na Ului Roko Leka}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  thence to the hilltop Namadai thence descending to the junction }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Waisomo}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Waiqariti}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  thence downstream to the
 junction of creek Nabuni and Wai ko Nasamabula thence down, this latter to the sea thence around the sea coast past European town of Suva to the mouth of the Tamavua river and the point of commencement and up to the limits of Crown Grants and lands in th
e possession of State bordering with native lands of Tamavua.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 I.\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Injunction directing the Registrar of Titles to record the Plaintiff Yavusas and Mataqalis native titles as may still be subsisting in the Suva peninsula after ascertainment by the Native Land Commission.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 J.\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 An Injunction directing the Defendant Minister of Lands and Director of Lands account to and pay to each Yavusa and Mataqali all income derived from such Yavusa and Mataqali}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s land as may be determined by Native Land Commission whilst in 
the possession of the Defendant with a sum to be agreed with the Yavusas and Mataqali}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s as to an equitable development cost to be kept by the Director of Lands.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 K.\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 An Injunction directing the Defendant, Director of Lands to pay annual compensation to the 
native owners of Narikoso lands when ascertained as to their displacement from Narikiso due to the Plaintiff Yavusas and Mataqalis occupation of Narikoso.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 L.\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 An Order by mandatory injunction that the Director of Lands transfer all leases held by it in the Suva peninsula commencing at the injunction of the Tamavua river and at the creek }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Tuara}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 thence ascending this latter to its course on the hill }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Na Ului Roko Leka}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  thence to the hilltop Namadai thence descending to the junction }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Waisomo}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Waiqariti}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 thence downstream to the junction of creek Nabuni and Wai ko Nasamabula thence down, this latter to the sea thence around the sea coast past European town of Suva to the mouth of the Tamavua river and the point of commencement and up to the limits of Cro
w
n Grants and lands in the possession of State bordering with native lands of Tamavua to the Native Land Trust Board for administration in the best interest of the Plaintiff Yavusas and Mataqalis to their proprietary titles as may be ascertained by Native 
Land Commission.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 M.\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
An order that the defendant pay Plaintiff Yavusas and Mataqalis compensation for past loss of life and enjoyment of their lands under Crown (State) Grants and in the possession of the Defendant as purported Crown (State) Land with or wi
thout title on a per annum losses compensation basis.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 N.\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Damages for diminution of life, loss and suffering.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 O.\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Penal and Aggravated Damages.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 P.\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Interests on any compensation award.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 Q.\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Costs on a Solicitor client Indemnity basis.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4410275 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 R.\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls11\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4410275 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Any other Relief the Honorable Court deems just for the parties, the public and other Crown Grants titleholders and leaseholders in the Suva peninsula.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 THE DEFENCE
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [33]\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Defendants filed a joint Defence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
They say that the Plaintiffs claims are statute barred because they did not bring their claims to the Lands Claim Commission set up under the }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Lands Claim Ordinance No XXV of 1879}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 They also say that the interest of others and not just that of the native ow
ners were to be taken into account.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
They deny they owed a fiduciary or any other duty to the Plaintiffs and further deny that the instances pleaded by the Plaintiffs amounted to breaches of obligations, unconscionable conduct or fraud.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 They also claim that the choice of forum for resolution of land ownership was a matter of policy and non-justiciable as it was a prerogative of the Colonial Government.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The State further claims that it purchased over 300 acres of land in Narikoso near Lami where the Plaintiff
s were relocated to and who are now registered as Native land owners so they should not be entitled to any compensation or other relief.
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 PRELIMINARY ISSUES
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [34]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 On }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 24 February 2000}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , Mr Justice Byrne, as he then was, ruled that the Plaintiffs had a cause of action.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 On }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 20 October 2006}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
, Mr Justice Pathik ruled that this Court had jurisdiction to hear the action.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
His Lordship also ruled that the claim is not statute barred by the }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Lands Claim Ordinance No XXV of 1879}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [35]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Ratu Epeli Kanakana, the late Tui Suva, like Eddie Mabo unfortunately died before the conclusion of his case.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The chiefly title has devolved to his younger brother subject to confirmation by the Native Land Commission.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Mr Vuataki sought to have Ratu Epeli}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s name remain on the title to this action as in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Mabo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 pursuant to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 O 15 r 8(2)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 High Court Rules 1988}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I allowed the request because in respect of his representative claim the cause of action survived and devolved to the next title holder but in respect of Ratu Epeli}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s claim on his own behalf, his rights extinguished on his death.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [36]\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Mr Vuataki applied for leave to amend }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 paragraph 9.1(a)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 of the Statement of Claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Paragraph 9.1(a) states that the State owes the Plaintiffs a duty to correct historical errors and accord with the Plaintiffs fundamental rights under the provisions of the 1997 Constitution.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Because such rights under the Constitution have been extinguished by the Constitution Revocation Decree}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722 
 Fiji Constitution Amendment Act 1997 Revocation Decree 2009}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , Mr Vuataki sought leave to substitute those rights with those rights granted under the }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 State Acquisition of Lands Act}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  [Cap 135]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Mr Green objected on the basis that the State has been prejudiced by the lateness of the application.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [37]\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I dismissed the objection and allowed the amendment because in my view the Plaintiffs}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  rights under the amendments were limited in comparison to those under the 1997 Constitution and no new issues were raised by the amendment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The State could not be said to have been surprised or disadvantaged or otherwise prejudiced.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li90\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin90\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [38]\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 At the hearing of submissions, Mr Vuataki submitted that the translation of the Deed of Cession from Fijian into English was wrong.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I think it was too late at that stage to allow fresh evidence to be called to prove the point.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 MY APPROACH TO THE EVIDENCE
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [39]\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 How do I decide what took place 136 years ago?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I think the proper approach is to give more weight to the evidence recorded in the documentation held in the State archives than to the evidence of the witnesses, including the expert evidence, for three reasons.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Firstly, the archive documents are contemporaneous or written soon thereafter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Secondly, the expert evidence is the expert}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s interpretation of what is in those documents, a task which this Court, with the greatest of respect, can do equally just as well.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Thirdly, a more complete picture is painted by these documents although I appreciate that some of the evidence may not be strictly admissible and may serve no other useful purpose than provide background information.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [40]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I also put to counsel and they agreed that I should look at all or so much of the documentation as I saw fit and then make my own assessment.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [41]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I have therefore quoted extensively from these documents.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It may make this judg
ment a little more difficult to read but I think it is necessary that I do it so that the facts and the sources of information on which my findings are based are set out in the judgment.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
FIJI BEFORE THE DEED OF CESSION
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 THE CAKOBAU DEBT
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [42]\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It would be difficult to do justice in this case without an appreciation of the historical background and the significant events that led to the signing of the Deed of Cession on }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 10 October 1874}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  and the cession of the Fiji Islands to the British Crown.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [43]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I start from the burning of the house of the American, John B Williams, on }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 4 July 1849}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I take the evidence from the letter written by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Captain Thomas C Dunn}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  of the barque }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Dragon}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  Salem, to the Editor of the New York Herald written on 2 November 1856 and published on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 9 November 1856}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 :
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Having lately returned from a trading voyage to the Fiji Islands, my attention has been called to a communication, published in the columns of the }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Herald}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 of the 16th February last, purporting to have been written at those Islands, and signed }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 David Stuart}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
, giving a long list of massacres and crimes communicated by the natives against the whites residing there; and also charging the English Wesleyan Missionaries with being accessory to and instigating many of the atrocities so minutely detailed.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Feeling assured that suc
h a communication would never have found admission to the columns of your paper had you been aware of the errors it contained, I take this the earliest opportunity afforded me of replying to it, and of vindicating the character of a body of noble-minded a
nd self-denying men.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I have been engaged in trading among those Islands for the past ten years, and every white resident is well known to me.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
There is no person living there of that name.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I am well assured in my own mind as to the identity of the writer.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 But since he has chosen to shield himself under a false signature it is not for me to publish his name.
\par 
\par \'85 those persons whom your correspondent describes as }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
adventurers from Sydney seeking and accepting employment from the white residents as teachers for their children,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 came from London in 1834 as accredited missionaries from the London Wesleyan Missionary Society, which Society has continued to support and steadily increase their missionary establishments there.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 At the time of their arrival there were but four or five whites residing at the group, and they were living in the houses of native chiefs.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 
 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 There was scarcely any trade there \'85 and it is principally owing to the civilizing and Christianizing influences of the Wesleyan Missionaries for the space of 
twenty-two years that the present trade has grown up there, or that white persons have been able to resort there in such numbers as to call themselves a community.
\par 
\par I will now proceed to remark upon the style of investigation pursued by Commander Boutwell, in his recent examination of the claims of American citizens against the native chiefs, and which is so much lauded by your correspondent.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Before doing this, it will be necessary to state some particulars regarding affairs at the Islands.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 For some time previous to Commander Boutwell}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s arrival there had been, as your correspondent states, a sort of civil war existing between the several chiefs of Fiji; but as the American public are probably very little interested in the contests of savages, I will confine 
myself to the recital of events in which the foreign white residents were concerned.
\par 
\par In 1849 the whites, to the number of about fifty, resided at the town of Levuka, upon the island of Ovalau, the chief of which, Tui Levuka, was upon friendly terms with Thakombau, one of the principal chiefs engaged in the war.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Though not actually subject to Thakombau, Tui Levuka frequently assisted him in his wars, and was considered throughout the Islands as being one of his party.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The whites, also very generally espoused the cause of Thakombau in opinion, although none of them took any active part in the war.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The American Consul, John B. Williams, Esq., resided upon a small Island, called Nukulau, which, I believe, he had purchased from Ngarrengeo, a chief of Rewa, who w
as the principal chief opposed to Thakombau.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Upon the 4th of July, 1849, while he was celebrating the day by firing cannon, the house of the Consul accidentally took fire, and was burned to the ground.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 During the progress of the fire, a crowd of natives collected, and indulged their thievish propensities by seizing and carrying off whatever they could lay their hands upon.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In such a case it was, of course, impossible to say how much was stolen and how much destroyed by the fire.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 But as the natives were pret
ty expert in saving articles where there was such a prospect of their securing them for their own use, it is probable that a good deal was stolen.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Soon after, in 1851, the United States ship }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 St. Mary}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 Captain Magruder, visiting the Islands, Mr. William
s applied to that officer for compensation to be required of the chiefs, and handed in a schedule of goods stolen, amounting to 5,001 dollars 38 cents, (it seems singular that he could know the exact articles stolen, so as to charge such an exact account,
 
even to the thirty-eight cents,) the truth of which, that officer not being able (as his time was limited) to satisfy himself concerning its accuracy, left in the hands of the Rev. Mr. Calvert, one of the Missionaries, and Mr. David Whippy, United States 
Vice-commercial Agent, requesting them to examine Mr. William}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s claim, and also several other small claims preferred by Mr. Williams against native chiefs on behalf of American citizens; to arbitrate upon the same, and to report to the commander of the next
 United States ship-of-war which should visit Fiji, and to the Secretary of State at Washington.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Mr. Calvert accordingly wrote to Commander Boutwell, upon his arrival at Fiji, upon the subject.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
But as his report did not at all agree with the notions of Mr. Consul Williams, being rather unfavourable to the justice of his claim, he was very coolly informed by that gentleman that, - 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
It was considered a piece of presumption for him to interfere in matters concerning American citizens or their interests, as he (Mr. Williams) and Commander Boutwell were fully competent to settle all such affairs without any of his assistance.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par In 1853, a boat belonging to some of the white residents of Levuka was taken and robbed by the natives of a place called Malaki.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The th
ree men composing her crew escaped in their dingy, - a small boat, - came to Levuka, and reported the outrage.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The whites, exasperated at the story, determined to punish the offenders.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
They accordingly organized an expedition, and, accompanied by the chief
 of the town where they resided, with a number of his native warriors, went to the place, which they captured and burned; and the native force which accompanied them killed a number of the people of the town, although no resistance was made.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 That the white
s did right in this affair is unquestioned, as it was requisite for them to show the natives that they would not allow any of their number to be robbed with impunity.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The people of the destroyed town were subject to the chief of an island called Viwa.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 They
 carried complaint to him of the destruction of their town by the whites; and it is asserted by the whites that he, the Viwa Chief, applied to Thakombau for permission to avenge himself by destroying Levuka.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Although Thakombau positively denies all knowled
ge of the matter, rumours of the meditated burning of their town coming to the ears of the whites, they organized and kept a regular night-watch to guard against treachery.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Notwithstanding this precaution, the town was fired in the night, and most of it reduced to ashes.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
As there was a native teacher belonging to the Viwa living in the two at the time, the exasperated whites at once fixed upon him as the incendiary, for no other reason, so far as I have been able to ascertain, than that, being a native of V
iwa, he must have been ordered by his chief to set fire to the town.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Although at no subsequent investigation could any reliable proof be adduced to fix the fact upon him, the impression becoming general among the whites that Thakombau had authorized the de
struction of their town, the Chief Tui Levuka declared against him, and was joined by all the whites.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
They immediately constructed a few temporary dwellings, around which they built a fence, which they fortified with several pieces of cannon, against any anticipated attack of Thakombau.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 But he never went near them, although your correspondent states, that several ineffectual attempts were made to carry the town.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 He sent several peaceful messages, assuring them that he had nothing to do with the burning of t
heir town; that he was very sorry for the occurrence; and that he would do all in his power to discover and punish the perpetrators of the outrage.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 All this I state as facts.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Having had considerable property in the hands of an agent living in the town, whi
ch was all destroyed by the fire, I have taken considerable pains to investigate the matter with a view of demanding indemnity, if the destruction could be traced to any responsible party.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 But it is still shrouded in mystery; the native teacher and the Viwa Chief, who were charged with the act, having been killed a few days after by the mountain tribes of Ovalau.
\par 
\par It was right that Commander Boutwell should have endeavoured to examine into the matter, as considerable American property had been destroyed; bu
t he should have done so in an impartial spirit, according to the instructions of Commodore Mervine, Commander-in-Chief of the Pacific squadron, by whom he was despatched upon this business.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I quote from those instructions:- }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 You will not take it for gr
anted that all the allegations against the supposed offenders are true, simply because claimants have filed their reports at the state department.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In prosecuting the important duty entrusted to your management and discretion, sound policy dictates that a c
lose and thorough examination, upon the strictest principles of justice, should be made into every case presented for adjustment.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par 
\par To show how far these wise and equitable instructions of Commodore Mervine were carried out by Commander Boutwell, I will here insert some of the correspondence which passed between him and the native chiefs upon the subject.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The first is a letter from Commander Boutwell, dated a few days after his arrival at the Islands, and addressed to Thakombau.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I give it entire; -
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 TO THA
KOMBAU TUI VITI, or the PRESIDING CHIEF in his absence.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I have been directed by the Government of the United States to visit the Fiji Islands in the United States ship }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 John Adams,}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  for the purpose of inquiring into and redressing the wrongs which American citizens have received at your hands.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The great Chief who has charged me with this mission presides over a country whose resources are inexhaustible, and whose power to punish her enemies are beyond the comprehension of those who have never visited her empire.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
It is charged against you, that you have caused American property to a very large amount, and valued at many thousands of dollars, to be taken from the island of Nukulau and other places, and appropriated to your own purpose and to that of your friends.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 You have treated the persons who came here in ships bearing the same flag that you now see floating over the }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 John Adams}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 in a manner that will not be submitted to by the Government of the United States of America.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 You are, therefore, required to res
tore that, or its value, with interest, to ask pardon of my nation, and to promise to respect its flag for the future.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11938937\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 E. B. BOUTWELL,
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Commanding U. S. Ship }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 John Adams.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '"}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par 
\par The following day, and before any answer to the above had been received, another letter in the following style was sent, accompanied with the appended agreement for the Chiefs of Bau to sign.
\par 
\par United States Ship, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 John Adams,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  Levuka, 
\par Ovalau, Sept. 27, 1855.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I COMMANDER BOUTWELL do, on behalf of the Government of 
the United States of America, demand of the chief of Bau thirty thousand dollars, or that amount to be paid in fish, cocoa-nut oil, gum, pigs, and yams, within twelve months from this date; the money or its equivalent to be paid into the hands of John B. 
W
illiams, Esq., United States Commercial Agent at the Fiji Islands, and to be distributed in the following manner:- 15,000 dollars to John B. Williams, Esq., for the loss of property on the island of Namuka; 4,000 dollars to Messrs. Chamberlain and Co., of
 Salem for the loss of property at the burning of Levuka; 4,000 dollars to Mr. Whippy, United States Vice-Consul at Levuka, for the loss of his property at Ovalau; 1,500 dollars to Shattuck and M}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Comber, each as compensation for the loss of their property, 
and for being clubbed by the natives of Namuka, at the time they robbed Mr. Williams of Sydney; and 1,000 dollars for the robbery of barque }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Elizabeth}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  at Totonga.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid734233\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 As I have many claims on these and other islands to settle, and my time being limited, I m
ust urge the authorities of Bau to act speedily, and not compel me to go after the so-called Tui Viti, or approach nearer Bau, as my powder is quick and my balls are round.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 E. B. BOUTWELL, Commander.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par 
\par Appended to this was the following document:-
\par Bau, Sept. 28, 1855.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
We, the undersigned, chiefs of Bau, admit the justice of John B. Williams claim, as also that of the other American citizens, and promise on our part to pay the amount demanded by Commander Boutwell within twelve months from this date.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par Thakombau, the principal chief of Bau, being absent from his town at the time the above letters were received, Yagodamu, the second chief, replied to the demand or Commander Boutwell, by the following humble remonstrance against the unjust proceeding.

\par 
\par \tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 To E. B. BOUTWELL, Esq., commanding U. S. Ship }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 John Adams.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par Bau, Sept. 29, 1855
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 SIR, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid734233\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I BEG most respectfully to inform you that the claim now made on us by John B. Williams, Esq., is unjust; first, because we were not accessories in any degree whatever to the seizure of the property belonging to J. B. Williams, James H. Williams, and Mess
rs. Shattuck and M}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Comber; secondly, because the place where these outrages were committed, the islands of Nukulau and Namuka, were not included in our dominions at the time, neither are they now.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In proof of this we refer to the statements of Commodore Wil
kes, of the United States Exploring Expedition, in 1840, and of every commander in the naval and merchant service who have visited these parts.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 We refer to the record of the inquiry lately instituted on board H. B. M. Ship }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Herald,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 at which Mr. Whippy, United States Vice-Consul at Levuka, Ovalau, was present.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
We refer to those American citizens at Ovalau who are acquainted with the subject.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Lastly, we refer to the claims which John B. Williams himself made on Phillips, the late chief of Rewa, and which that chief admitted, and engaged to discharge.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 With reference to the claim of Messrs. Chamberlain and Co., we can only inform you, that the burning of Levuka is still involved in mystery.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 We maintain that we were not accessories, and w
ould again most respectfully refer to the evidence given on the subject by the whites on board the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Herald.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid734233\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I am, &c.
\par (Signed by a mark) }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 YAGODAMU.
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 On behalf of himself and the other chiefs now present in Bau.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par To this letter of Yagodamu, Commander Boutwell, who had been instructed by his Commander-in-Chief to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
institute a close and thorough inquiry, upon the strictest principles of justice, into }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 every case presented for his adjustment,}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  replies in the following unique specimen of quarter-deck judgment:-
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
WHEN I made the demand on the chiefs of Bau for indemnity, I expected an acknowledgment of your indebtedness and willingness to pay, and not a letter of explanation.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 My officer had no authority from me to enter into any agreement with you or the head of your nation.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I am satisfied of the guilt of Tui Viti, as the chief of Bau.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I know that his influence prevented Phillips from paying Mr. Williams for his losses on Nukulau.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I know that a whale}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s tooth was sent to Suva, from Bau, with orders to club Shattuck and M}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Comber.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I know that the Viwa people robbed Americans at Levuka, and that Bau sanctioned it; and I am satisfied in my own mind that the Native Teacher set fire to the town of Levuka, and that Tui Viti sanctioned it.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Chief, Tui Levuka, states that the Bau people robbed the whaleship }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Elizabeth,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  at Ovalau.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Mr. Williams and Mr. Whippy both testify to the same fact.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I am well aware that there are other chiefs and their people guilty of having injured Americans; I will in time call them to account
, but at present I am in pursuit of Bau or her principal chief.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I have to request that you will write me no more letters, but forthwith pay the money, or give me ample security that it will be paid in twelve months.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The brave never threaten, nor do the virtuous boast of their chastity.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I therefore do not tell you of the consequences of a non-compliance with these requirements.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I would, however, remind your teachers of ethics, that the golden rule is too often forgotten, and that the eleventh commandment has, by general consent, become binding on all those whose keep the other ten.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I am, &c.
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 E. B. BOUTWELL,
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Commander
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 To Yagodamu, Chief.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par From the above letter may be seen the manner in which Commander Boutwell commenced to carry out the instructions of Commodore Mervine, in which he is ordered }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 not to take for granted that all }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
the allegations against the supposed offenders are true,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  but to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 make full inquiry, upon the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
strictest principles of justice, into every case presented to him for adjustment.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
He arrives at the Islands, and is immediately waited upon by Mr. John B. Williams, United States Commercial Agent, one of the principal claimants for indemnity, and by several others, who also have claims upon the chiefs.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 These persons tell their own story.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 (And your correspondent, David Stuart, in his letter, gives us a pretty good idea what kind of a story that was.)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Commander Boutwell, without inquiring into the truth of the charges from any but the avowed enemies of the Bau Chiefs, immediately becomes }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 
"}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 assured in his own mind of the guilt of Thakombau,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 and without giving him any opportunity of defending himself, demands compensation to the amount of thirty thousand dollars \endash  fifteen thousand of which is awarded }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 to John B. Williams Esq., for the loss of property on the island of Nukulau,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  when the original claim, as presented to Captain Magruder, two years after the fire, was only five thousand.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The poor chiefs, not feeling quite so assured of their guilt, ventured to remonstrate against this summary pro
ceeding, and to ask to be allowed opportunity to endeavour to justify themselves.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
But the gallant commander did not want any letters of explanation, but an }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 acknowledgment of their indebtedness and willingness to pay;}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  and though the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
brave never threaten,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  yet he just intimates that his }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 balls are round, and his powder quick.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 He then goes on to say, }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I know,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I know,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I know,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 this, that, and the other}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 :}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I therefore request that you will write me no more letters, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
but forthwith pay the money, or give me ample security that it will be paid in twelve months.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
In their extremity, the chiefs applied to the Wesleyan Missionaries to write to Commander Boutwell on their behalf; which they did, but were politely informed by that gentleman, that he could settle the matter without any of their assistance.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 At this juncture, another American ship of war, the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 St. Mary}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  Commander Bailey, arrived at Ovalau, to whom Mr. Calvert, the chairman of the Wesleyan Mission, addressed the following letter.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 SIR,
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Viwa, Fiji, Oct. 9, 1855.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid734233\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I HAIL with great pleasure your arrival in Fiji, which I deem most opportune, as intricate affairs are now pending between Bau and J. B. Williams, Esq., United States Commercial Agent.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Having been requested by G. A. Magruder, Esq., of th
e United States navy, to arbitrate, in connexion with Mr. Whippy, respecting claims said to be due to J. B. Williams, Esq., and also respecting the barque }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Elizabeth,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 and after having with reluctance (after objecting to do it) undertaken to do what I could in the complicated affairs, I thought it right to report what had been done in the matter to E. B. Boutwell, Esq., Commanding United States ship }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 John Adams.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
To my letter I have received two replies: one from Mr. Williams, who complains that my interference is uncalled for, & c.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
A copy of my letter to Commander Boutwell, with the replies thereto, I enclose, begging you will peruse and consider the same, as I think it unfair that I should be represented to your Government as }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 presumptuous,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 after I had been requested to do what I have done by a naval officer in the United States service.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Herewith I beg to enclose to you a copy of a letter addressed to the Honourable Secretary of State, United States of America, respecting a levy which Mr. Whippy and I, after due deliberation, in virtue of Commander Magruder}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s request, conjointly made, as being the only claim we could fairly make out for depredations on the property of the }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Elizabeth.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I forward thi
s by the Rev. Joseph Waterhouse, who has had the honour to be the first missionary at Bau, and who has been the means of bringing about a great change on that island.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 He was at Bau, and who has been the means of bringing about a great change on that island.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 He was at Levuka at the time it was burnt; with reference to which I am shocked to find Commander Boutwell writes, - }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I am well assured in my own mind, that the native teacher set fire to the town.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 ' }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 This is indeed a most grave implication, and which I hope Mr. Waterhouse will have the opportunity of proving as without foundation.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Hoping that these matters may now at length be fully investigated and properly settled, so that Fiji, after its wars, heathenism, and cannibalism, may begin afresh, on better principles, and become enlightened, honourable, and religious,\tab 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I am, &c.
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 JAMES CALVERT.
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 To Commander Bailey,
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 United States ship }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 St. Mary}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '"}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par A letter was also addressed by John B. Williams, Esq., to Commander Bailey in the following style;-
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 To COMMANDER BAILEY, commanding United States ship, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 St. Mary}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par United States ship }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 John Adams,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  Oct. 6, 1855.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 SIR,}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid734233\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 THE United States ship }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 John Adams,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 Commander E. B. Boutwell, having arrived some weeks previous to yourself, and having made himself acqu
ainted with the subjects of complaints of American citizens, and having made his demands on Bau and other places for indemnity, it may be safe to leave the affair in his hands, as they are now in a fair train for settlement.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 And in my opinion, any change in the demands or requirements made on them (the natives) by the commander of the }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 John Adams,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 might be injurious to American citizens.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I have, &c.
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 JOHN B. WILLIAMS,
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 U. S. Commercial Agent.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par 
\par Commander Boutwell, hearing that Mr. Calvert had written to Commander Bailey, and that the latter gentleman was displeased with his (Commander Boutwell}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s) summary mode of procedure, wrote to Commander Bailey, requesting him to remain in Fiji and settle the affair himself; to which Commander Bailey replied, that as 
he (Commander Boutwell) appeared to be pursuing a course involving a deviation from his instructions, he should have felt compelled to remain and settle it himself, were it not that Mr. Williams, the principal claimant, and also, as United States Commerci
al Agent, representative of the other American claimants, had expressed a decided preference for his (Boutwell}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s) adjustment.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 He therefore left it in his hands, with a caution as to his deviating in the slightest degree from his origin
al instructions, and an express order }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 to afford the accused every }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 opportunity upon all formal occasions to appear in person, as well as by respectable counsel, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 without regard to their nation or religion.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
This order from Bailey, Boutwell, as junior, was bound to obey, but he chose to obey it after his own fashion.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
He sent a notice to Thakombau to appear on board his ship, upon a certain day, to answer the charges preferred against him.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
He also notified the Rev. Joseph Waterhouse that he would be permitted to act as counsel for the accused, and appointed a board of arbitration, consisting of two of his own officers, who had already made up their minds, to decide upon the matter.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 On the day appointed, Mr. Waterhouse, with Thakombau, repaired on board, and w
as permitted to speak in his behalf; but he was treated with insult and contempt, and was not permitted to call in any witnesses as evidence against the allegations of John B. Williams.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The board of arbitration therefore decided that all the claims were just, and Commander Boutwell added on fifteen thousand dollars more, on account, as he informed Mr. Waterhouse, }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 of the interference of Commander Bailey and the representations of the Rev. Mr. Calvert.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The award now stood thus: }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 To John B. Williams, Esq., 18,331 dollars; Chamberlain and Co., 7,300 dollars; David Whippy, 6,000 dollars; owners of barque }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Elizabeth,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  1,000 dollars; owners of brig }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Tim Pickering,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 2,800 dollars; Thomas Ryder, 1,500 dollars; Wilkinson, Brothers, and Co., Sydney, 4,000 dollars; Messrs. Shattuck and M}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Comber, 2,600 dollars.
\par 
\par Here, then, is the final decision of Commander Boutwell.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The claim of John B. Williams, originally 5,000 dollars, has, through this beautiful system of investigation, grown to 18,331 dollars, upon what grounds we are not informed.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Having arrived at this satisfactory conclusion, a paper was drawn up, which was called a treaty, and which Thakombau was compelled to sign \endash 
 by which he agreed to discharge the sum in two years \endash  under the heaviest threats if he refused to comply; and the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
promise, on the arrival of a ship of war belonging to the American nation, to resign the government of Bau, and to go voluntarily on board that ship, and submit to any punishment which it may be the pleasure of the Commander to inflict.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 This was the prompt justice which your correspondent so much lauds.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 He says \endash  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Omnipotence had heard our prayers, and Commander Boutwell was the chosen one to give us aid.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
In my opinion, David Stuart would be the one most largely benefitted, if the award of Commander Boutwell should be enforced by the American Government; but I cannot believe it will be.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Our Government has always been just in its dealings with the Polynesian communities; and the partial, harsh, and unjust proceedings related above, will
, I am persuaded, undergo a severe scrutiny at Washington.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 That there were claims which it was Commander Boutwell}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s duty to examine and enforce, was undoubted.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The loss of 7,000 dollars of Messrs. Chamberlain and Co., of Salem, was real; it was property le
ft by me in the hands of an agent at Levuka, on their account, which was all destroyed by the fire.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Other Americans residing at the place lost their all.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It is not at present clear by what chief}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s orders the place was fired.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 This was a question for Command
er Boutwell to inquire into; but it would seem that Mr. John B. Williams took advantage of these real and just claims to introduce his original claim of 5,000 dollars, now, by some species of mercantile legerdemain, increase to 18,000 dollars; and crushin
g
 all fair inquiry, by endeavouring to blacken the characters of the Wesleyan Missionaries, whose truthful testimony, he feared, might defeat his deep-laid plans to get Commander Boutwell to enforce the whole amount against Thakombau, who for some years ha
s been the object of his special enmity.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
That Commander Boutwell listened to his tales, and imbibed that prejudice they would so naturally engender, is but too evident from his subsequent proceedings.
\par 
\par Immediately upon returning to Bau from the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 John Adams,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 where he had been compelled to sign the so-called treaty, acknowledging the justice of the claims, and promising to pay the 45,000 dollars in two years, Thakombau addressed the following protest to the United States Consul at Sydney, New South Wales, req
uesting it might be forwarded to the Government of the United States.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Bau, Fiji, Oct. 29, 1855.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I, THAKOMBAU, the Vunivalu of Bau, Fiji, do humbly make known my protest against the oppressive conduct of Captain Boutwell.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I do hereby declare and make known to you, Sir, the United States Consul nearest Fiji, that I did not sign the treaty with Captain Boutwell of my own accord, but under the greatest fear.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 He threatened to take me away to America, and stamped on the floor right in my face, because I objected to give my signature, and then I was afraid and signed it.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I make known that I now protest against that treaty, and declare it to be unrighteous, tyrannical, unwarrantable, and unworthy of the Government of America.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It is not my deed.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I also make kno
wn, Sir, that he told another chief that he would hang me; but there is nothing for which he should hang me.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I besought him to investigate the charges made against me by the whites of Ovalau, but he refused.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I beseech you, Sir, to inform the Government of the United States of America of these transactions.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I am continually in fear lest this Captain kill me, whilst I am innocent.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I had hoped that my profession of Christianity would have prevented such arbitrary conduct.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I cannot believe that it will be sus
tained by the American authorities.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par (Signed by a mark) }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 THAKOMBAU.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 WITNESSES \endash 
 William Moore and Joseph Waterhouse, Wesleyan Missionaries.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par Copies of the above protest, duly authenticated, have been forwarded by the United States Consul at Sydney to the authorities at Washington, and also to the Commander-in-Chief of the Pacific squadron.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 There is, therefore, no doubt that the affair will undergo a more thorough and just investigation by the orders of the American Government.
\par 
\par I have here given a true account of the proceedings of Commander Boutwell in relation to these affairs, taken from authenticated copies of all correspondence that passed upon the subject, now in my possession.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Your readers, no doubt, will be surprised, upon referring to the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Herald}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 of the 16th of February last, to find your correspondent, David Stuart, so highly applauding Commander Boutwell.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
He says, speaking of the action of preceding commanders, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
this course has, however, been changed by Commander Boutwell; and the truly republi
can conduct of that officer and his praiseworthy resistance of all attempts to induce him to abandon his countrymen to the power of the English missionaries, has, it is well known here, incurred the manifest displeasure of the missionaries; but he has the
 consolation of knowing that he left us with the united and heartfelt thanks of our young islandic republic; and after the tedious and unpleasant ask he has accomplished he will return to a country and a people whose motto is }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Liberty and Justice,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  and whose approbation will in this instance be no less deserving than just.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It is to be hoped that the Government of the people whose motto is }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Liberty and Justice,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '"}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  will visit upon Commander Boutwell that censure and displeasure which his unjust and oppressive p
roceedings are so justly calculated to inspire.
\par 
\par Hoping that you will not fail to give the above an early insertion in your paper,
\par 
\par I am, Sir, yours, &c
\par THOMAS C. DUNN.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 THE POLYNESIA COMPANY
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [44]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Despite King Cakobau}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s protest, the debt stood.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 That led 
to the next important event which was the taking over of the debt by the promoters of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Polynesia Company Limited}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
, sometimes referred to as the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Polynesia Land Company}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  or the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Polynesia Company}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A. M. Quanchi}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , in his Master}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s thesis, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 This Glorious Company: The Polynesia Company in Melbourne and Fiji}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
, Monash University 1977}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Exhibit D3: }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , described the company as follows.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [45]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The company was registered in the Colony of Victoria in }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 December 1868}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
, its promoters and shareholders were involved in a brief but notorious attempt to reap quick profits by expanding Victorian commercial enterprise from the streets of Melbourne to the cotton fields of Fiji.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 
 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The collapse of the cotton boom, and the difficul
ties encountered in securing title to the lands claimed by the company, brought about its eclipse, but because of a persistent and often self-righteous stand by several directors and shareholders, the company}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s story dragged on for two decades and it was not until the late }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 1880}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  that it finally passed into obscurity.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [46]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The following despatches and correspondence}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722 
 Exhibit P15, tab 3, p 49-51.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  tell the story:
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par Acting Consul }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Thurston}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  to Commodore }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Lambert}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .
\par (Extract)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par 
\par British Consulate, Fiji, 1 June 1868
\par 
\par Sir,
\par 
\par I BEG to call your attention to the following matters:-
\par 
\par About the end of July last, a Mr. Brewer, of Melbourne, Victoria, visited Fiji; he represented himself as the agent of certain commercial men of that city, whose attention was directed to this group of islands.
\par 
\par I furnished Mr. Brewer, at his request, with a transcript of the last Return (in a tabulated form) of approximate imports and exports of Fiji.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 He visited this office once only during his stay in Levuka, and confined himself solely to commercial subjects.
\par 
\par Mr. Brewer had many interviews with the chairman of the Wesleyan Mission, Mr. William Moore, the result of which was a scheme to form a banking and maritime insurance company; this much of their intentions I learnt partly from report a
nd partly from Mr. Moore.
\par 
\par After a short visit, Mr. Brewer returned to Victoria, to mature the plan, while Mr. Moore at once built a house in this port suitable for offices, and speculated largely in land.
\par 
\par My attention was next called to Mr. Brewer, by the reports in Melbourne newspapers, of a meeting held in that city, to consider the propriety of forming a company to trade with Fiji.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The chairman of the Chamber of Commerce presided.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The promoters of the scheme were Mr. Cairns, and Mr. Brewer.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Lengthy com
munications relative to Fiji were read by Mr. Vandamme; they were in discordance with fact, and highly calculated to mislead the Colonial public.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12023769 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Mr. Cairns spoke with the same prospective effect.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par \'85.
\par 
\par Mr. Brewer followed, and announced the principal feature of their scheme, viz., the liquidation of Thakombau}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s debt to the United States Government, and the acceptance by the Company of lands, &c. in security.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
He proceeded, by enlarging about the present and future or latent resources of the group, quoted this office as his authority in the former case, and stated the value of the present exports to be twice the real amount.
\par 
\par \'85
\par A resolution
\par 
\par A resolution to form a company was finally moved, but no one being found to second it, the meeting broke up.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I may here remark that, so far from }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 approval.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I never heard of Mr. Brewer}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s designs; had I been apprised of them, I should, for obvious reasons, have expressed my disapproval.
\par 
\par Conceiving I had heard the last of Mr. Brewer and his adventure, I dismissed the matter from my attention.
\par 
\par On the 22nd ult., being at Bureta (south side of Ovalau), I received a note from Mr. Moore, to which I at once replied.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
My reason for prompt action was that Thakombau was in Levuka, and the arrival of a large steamer with Mr. Brewer and a colleague on board, together with their connection with Mr. Moore, induced me to think that the opportunity of the chief}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s visit would not be lost by these persons, who seemed determined to press for
ward a scheme which would undoubtedly entail loss upon many too confiding persons in the neighbouring Colonies, and in the future probably be productive of inconvenience to her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Government.
\par 
\par Referring for a moment to the present American securitie
s, certain islands in Bau territory, I beg, Sir, in part explanation of the steps I have taken, to submit to you that, if the United States Government sell these islands, I will place and keep the purchasers in possession.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 If this Victorian Company advance Thakombau 10,000\u8747\'3f
. Sterling to liquidate his debt, accepting his securities, it will do so under the impression that Her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s Government will, if requisite, press any future claims likely to arise from Thakombau}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s habit of ignoring contracts.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 With this conclusion I cannot, in view of the past history of Fiji, concur.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It is simply transferring for a questionable consideration, the onus of an unpleasant procedure from American to British authority, amplified also by unprecedented conditions, cont
aining the germs of trouble and dissension, fatal to the future peace and prosperity of this group of islands.
\par 
\par I now proceed to the transaction which took place on board the steamer }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Albion}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  upon the 23rd, and my subsequent action in relation thereto, which I venture to hope will meet with your approval.
\par 
\par In accordance with my note to Mr. Moore, I walked into Levuka and arrived at my office at 10.30 o}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
clock a.m., expecting to meet Messrs. Brewer, Evans, and Moore, with the Chief Thakombau.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 My clerk, howeve
r, informed me the chief, with four missionaries, had gone on board the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Albion}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  at 10 o}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 clock.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Under the impression that hoisting Her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s colours would acquaint the above-named persons with my presence in this office, or that courtesy would suggest the propriety of awaiting my arrival to an appointment requested by themselves, I remained disengaged until 2 o}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 clock p.m., and then gave my attention to other subjects.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 At noon I was informed that Thakombau was being treated with unbounded hospitality, th
at he had partaken of a champagne breakfast, and the contents of which were known only to the parties thereto.
\par 
\par This information I found subsequently to be correct.
\par 
\par About 3 o}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 clock p.m.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Thakombau came to my office, remained seated in silence for five minutes, and then left.
\par In my opinion the chief was unfit for business of any description.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
In consequence of the strange rumours which reached me, I proceeded, at 7.30 o}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 clock p.m., on board the }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Albion}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 and discovered Thakombau had signed a document prepared and drawn up in Melbourne prior to the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Albion}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  departure.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
This instrument vested Messrs. Brewer and Evans for the Company, with authority to rule and control all persons, native or foreign, within Thakombau}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s}{\cs22\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  I, Thakombau, King of Fiji, &c.}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  dominions
, to levy taxes, dues, and imposts, as the said Company might think fit, expedient, or proper, granted them a banking monopoly without limit of time, and many rights and privileges not in Thakombau}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s power to grant.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In an annexed schedule Thakombau conveye
d to them 200,000 acres of land, not an acre of which has he, in my opinion, any title to.
\par 
\par The original document, signed in blank by the chief, was handed me for perusal, together with a printed copy thereof, which I beg to enclose for your information.
\par 
\par In reply to a query, I declined at that time and place to give an opinion as to the worth of the document, but informed the delegates it was their duty to have submitted the document to me, prior to any negotiation with Thakombau affecting, as it appeared
 
to me, the commercial interests of a great body of British subjects, both in and out of Fiji, whose capital and industry had called the present trade of the group into existence; also that it was utterly impossible for the chief to form, in two hours, any
thing more than a faint conception of the tenor and meaning of the document he had signed.
\par 
\par On the 25th I addressed a protest to Thakombau, and caused a copy to be posted at this office.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I also served on Messrs. Brewer and Evans an injunction to stay further action pending your arrival in Fiji.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I acquainted the United States Consul of these facts.
\par 
\par Having drawn, Sir, your notice to the manner in which Thakombau}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s signature was obtained, I proceed to the document itself.
\par 
\par Passing a portion of the premises, I notice the clause or obligation on the part of the Company to well and truly aid and assist in upholding and defending Thakombau}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s kingdom.
\par 
\par The meaning of this is, that the Company, having purchased the prerogative and power Thakombau may really enjoy, minus his responsibilities, is prepared to receive the chief}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s own statement as to the boundaries and limits of his kingdom, and, under the shadow of his name, to take it for themselves by any filibustering measures they may be able to command, or permitted to exercise.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 This design I learnt from the conversation on board the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Albion,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 and that the delegates have held out hopes, flattering to the restless ambition of Thakombau, is beyond doubt.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I beg to refer you to a letter from the Rev. Mr. Horsley to me.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 This part of the Company}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s design is, I conceive, contrary to the Act of George 3, relating to the engagement of Her Majesty}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s subjects to serve in a foreign service, and the fitting out and equipping, in Her Majesty}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s dominions, vessels for warlike purposes, without her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s permission.
\par 
\par Referring to the authority vested in the Company, }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 to ordain and make all laws, and to establish courts, and to appoint judges, magistrates, and other officers to administer such laws}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , I beg to observe Thakombau has never enjoyed the right of jurisdiction in any degree over British or other subjects of European Powers.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }
{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 He cannot, therefore, delegate to other powers he never possessed.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Consul Pritchard, in 1860, applied for and obtained similar powers, but received from Lord Russel a reprimand for so doing.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Her Majesty}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Commissioner to Fiji in 1860 \endash  61 distinctly states, Thakombau has no power to make other chiefs submit to his authority.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In the present day, the natives of Viti Levu would not submit to the rule of Messr
s. Brewer and Evans, and Thakombau dare not attempt to enforce it.
\par 
\par The schedule granting 200,000 acres of land is a document fraught with mischief if permitted to continue or recognised as valid.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Thakombau does not own a rood of land within the described limits.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
It is occupied and owned, with small exception, by independent tribes now in arms against the chief of Bau.
\par 
\par Lavua river, north to the Waidina, is occupied by the important tribe of Namosi, saving such parcels of land as they have sold to British a
nd other subjects; and I have no hesitation in stating this land, ere it can be held by any Europeans under title from Thakombau must become the theatre of war and bloodshed.
\par 
\par Thakombau}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s position in this respect is virtually the same as stated to his Grace the Duke of Newcastle to Colonel Smythe in 1861.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Colonel Smythe says: }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 He (Thakombau) could not convey to Her Majesty 200,000 acres of land, as consideration for the payment of those claims for him, as he does not possess them; nor does he acknowledge to
 have offered more than his consent, that lands to this extent might be acquired by her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Government for public purposes in Fiji.
}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par 
\par In conclusion, I beg to inform you Treaties with Thakombau were made some years ago, by France and America, copies of which I shall endeavour to lay before you.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The British population of Fiji at the present time amounts approximately to 600 or 650 persons, and is increasing monthly.
\par 
\par Many British subjects have invested their labour and capital within the dominions of Thakombau in consequence of his promise to support and protect them, and preserve law and order within his territory.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }
{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The laws of Bau were enacted in May 1867, and copies thereof forwarded to the British and American Consulates.
\par 
\par In order that British settle
rs in the territories of Thakombau may not have their interests prejudiced by his capricious acts, or by the endeavours of occasional adventurers to obtain privileges opposed equally to law and the spirit of the age, I beg to suggest the propriety of maki
ng with Thakombau a treaty of peace and commerce, to remain in force for two years, or such other time as may seem to you sufficient to enable me to submit in detail the present condition of Fiji to her Majesty}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Government, and receive definite instructions.
\par I have, &c.
\par  (signed) }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 John B. Thurston}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par Commodore Lambert, C.B.,
\par Commanding the Australian Squadron}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12023769 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Commodore Lambert to Sir J. H. T. Manners Sutton
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12023769 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Ship }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Challenger,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}
{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  at Ovalau, Fiji, 14 July 1868.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12023769 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Sir,
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12023769 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I HAVE the honour to transmit herewith, for your Excellency}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s perusal, copies of a correspondence on the subject of a Charter, a copy of which I enclose, brought by Messrs. J. L. Evans and W. H. Brewer from Melbourne, as delegates from a company about to b
e formed at that place, and executed under peculiar circumstances by Thakombau, Chief of Bau.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12023769 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 These gentlemen also brought a note from you to her Majesty}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Consul at this place, which was never presented to him until after the Charter was signed.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12023769 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Your Ex
cellency will observe, from the correspondence, that these gentlemen received the Chief Thakombau, on board the steam-ship }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Albion,}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  at a little after 10 o}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 clock a.m., and at noon he had affixed his signature to a document handing over to the said delegates 200,000 acres of land,}{
\cs22\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Vide \'93Her Majesty\rquote s Commissioner\rquote s Report of Inquiry into Thakombau\rquote s ability to convey to Her Majesty\rquote s Government 200,000 acres of land}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  the exclusive privilege of establishing banks throughout Fiji, making laws, fixing the rat
e of import and export duties, and conferring many other rights; making laws, fixing the rate of import and export duties, and conferring many other rights; all this being done without the knowledge of Her Majesty}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Co
nsul, who was not consulted in the matter, and who knew nothing of it until the document had been executed, when he immediately protested against the whole proceeding and issued an injunction to Messrs. Evans and Brewer to stay further action.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I consider i
t an illegal and unwarrantable proceeding throughout, and therefore forward the correspondence to your Excellency in order that you may be in full possession of the facts, so that you may take such steps as seem to you advisable in the matter, with a view
 that, if irregular, means may be taken to prevent any such similar occurrence from the Colony under your Excellency}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Government.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12023769 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I may add, that although Messrs. Evans and Brewer seem to be fully aware that they have overstepped the bounds of regular pro
cedure by their offering to expunge certain obnoxious clauses from the Charter, I only refer to the document which has been completed and e}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023769 xecuted by the various parties.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I have, &c.
\par (signed) Rowley Lambert,
\par Commodore and Senior Officer.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12023769 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 To his Excellency,
\par Sir J. H. T. Manners Sutton, K.C.B
\par Governor of Victoria.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12023769 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 P.S. \endash 
 Since writing the above I have seen the Chief Thakombau, in the presence of her Britannic Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s Acting Consul, Captain Hope, of her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s ship }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Brisk,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  and the Rev. W. Moore, chairm
an of the Wesleyan Mission in these islands, who was the interpreter on the occasion of the chief affixing his signature to the Charter brought by Messrs. Evans and Brewer.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12023769 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The chief declares that the substance conveyed to him by that Charter was, that t
hese gentlemen had come prepared to relieve him from the debt now owing by him to the United States Government, provided he would grant them equivalent in land, and thought he was justified in signing that Charter when a missionary assisted these gentleme
n by translating and approving of it.
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The course pursued by the Rev. Mr. Moore seems highly reprehensible in the whole matter, for, by his own admission, he was aware that the Consul ought to have been made cognisant of the nature of the transaction that he was forwarding by interpreting.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 And further, after the protest of Her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Consul against any further action being taken in the matter, he again interprets for Messrs. Evans and Brewer at Bau, in a matter concerning the interests of the protested Ch
arter, he having previously translated the said protest to Thakombau, who observed, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Consul hates it.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12023769 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I have also to observe that the copy of the Charter, to which Thakombau}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s name is attached, and sent to me by Mr. Evans, purporting to be }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 a true copy of the original,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 does not correspond with the original which I have seen, and the marginal notes in Enclosure No. 1, in Mr. Evan}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s letter to me, dated 8th July, were added subsequently to that document being executed.
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 R.L}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12023769 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I shall forward a copy of the
 whole of this correspondence to the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [47]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Protest issued to King Cakobau were in these terms:
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Acting Consul }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Thurston}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  to the King of }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Bau}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow \ts27\trgaph108\trleft612\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2556\clshdrawnil \cellx3168\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1332\clshdrawnil \cellx4500\clvertalt
\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3917\clshdrawnil \cellx8417\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid8672739\yts27 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7040498\charrsid7040498 Sir,\cell  \cell British Consulate, Fiji, 25 May }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7040498\charrsid4988722 1868\cell 
}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7040498\charrsid4988722 \trowd \irow0\irowband0\lastrow 
\ts27\trgaph108\trleft612\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth2556\clshdrawnil \cellx3168\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth1332\clshdrawnil \cellx4500\clvertalt\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl 
\clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth3917\clshdrawnil \cellx8417\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Whereas Mr. J. Lavington Evans and Mr. W. H. O}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
H. Brewer, of Melbourne, Victoria, agents and delegates to you from a certain Company about to be formed for the liquidation of your debts to the United States Government, having presented to me for perusal a certain Charter, dated 
23rd May instant, granted and delivered by you to them in their representative capacity:
\par 
\par And whereas the said Charter doth grant and confirm unto the said Company rights and privileges of the gravest importance to yourself, your native subjects, and to European settlers generally residing within your dominions:
\par 
\par And whereas the said Charter, with its contained rights, privileges, monopolies, &c., was signed and delivered hastily, without the careful deliberation such an important matter demanded:
\par 
\par And wher
eas 200,000 acres of land upon Viti Levu, having a frontage extending from Suva to the Lavua river, including both banks of the latter, and extending inland to the Waidini river, hath been granted and confirmed by you unto the said Company for ever:

\par 
\par And whereas the said included country in its entirety doth not now, or hath in times past been, subject to your authority and control, but is in most part the territory of independent tribes now in arms to prevent your invasion of the country:
\par 
\par And whereas the grant of this land is illegal by your Fijian laws and those of England, and would be certain to occasion serious complications between the agents of the said Company and the resident landowners:
\par 
\par And whereas the effect of the rights and power conferred by 
you upon the said Company for ever is to invest it with absolute and despotic control in your kingdom, enjoying the power and authority of your position, and leaving to you its responsibilities, with power to lock up your lands, absorb revenue, and enjoy 
interminably a perfect monopoly in all things relative to trade, commerce, and government, to the prejudice and ruin of every trader and settler residing in your dominions, and not being a shareholder in this said Company:
\par 
\par Now, therefore, I, John B. Thurston, Esq., Her Britannic Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s Acting Consul for Fiji and Tonga, in consideration of the premises, and by virtue of the authority in me vested for the protection and encouragement of British trade and commerce in Fiji and Tonga, hereby protest, and by t
hese presents protest, against the said Charter, its grants, rights, privileges, and monopolies, premises, and habendum, and against all and every act or acts, matters, or things done, or about to be done, relating to the said Charter, pending the arrival
 in Fiji of Commodore Rowley Lambert, senior officer commanding Her Britannic Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s Australian squadron, who is expected about the end of June proximo.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my signature and official seal the day and date first beforementioned.
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 (signed) }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
John B. Thurston.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 To Ebenezer Thakombau, King of Bau,
\par  &c.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 &c.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 &c.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [48]\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Commodore Goodenough and Consul Layard who were instructed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies to inquire and report on the offer of cession also reported on this topic.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Their Report}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Exhibit P16, tab 2, p 26}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  dated }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 13 April 1874 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 said:
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 49.\tab We have nothing to add to the statements previously made to Her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Government, and published in England, on the subject of the claim of the United States against King Cakobau \endash 
 a claim which was unfairly made and unfairly pressed, and which has led to speculations of a questionable character.
\par 
\par 50.\tab The Melbourne Association, called the Polynesia Land Company, has been put in possession of 90,000 acres of, not the best, but, generally speaking, fair land.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It claims 110,000 acres more.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
A copy of a Charter from King Cakobau to the agents of the Company is enclosed, together with a resolution of the Cabinet.
\par 
\par It appears by published papers that the promoters of the scheme were fully warned by Mr Thurston, then Acting British Consul, of the inability of Cakobau to carry out the engagement which the entered into with them, and of the futility of his promises.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It seems fair, however, that the subscribers of the L9,000}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ,}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  which was actually paid to Cakobau, should not lose, and that a Commission should settle, by arbitration, the amount of land to be handed over to complete what is due to the company.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Very little of the land given to it is as yet occupied.
\par 
\par If about 20,000 acres
 of fair land were handed over in addition to that already held, we think that the actual subscribers would probably be fairly remunerated, though it is, we think, a matter on which only a duly qualified Commission should pronounce an opinion.
\par 
\par The whole of this matter, that is, the Polynesia Land Company, has been treated of in the Report of Colonel Smythe, in an excellent article on Fiji by Captain Hope, R. N., in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Blackwood}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Magazine}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "
}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  for July, 1869, and in an Appendix to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Fiji and the Fijians,}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  by the Rev. James Calvert, Wesleyan Missionary.
\par 
\par It is impossible that there can be a second opinion as to the injustice of the claim of citizens of the United States to the sum of L9,000 exacted from Cakobau.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [49]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Despatch No 12}{
\cs22\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Exhibit P16, p 76}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  to the Earl of Carnarvon dated }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 20 October 1874}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , Sir Hercules Robinson reported on the Company as follows:
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 IV Polynesian Land Company
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par 13.\tab The Charter to this Company was granted by Thakombau in 1868, and professed, in consideration of L9,000 paid in satisfaction of the American claims, to cede to the Company 200,000 acres of land in Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, and other parts of Fiji.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In consider
ation of a further annual payment of $1,000 Thakombau promised to the Company a monopoly of Banking for 21 years, and perpetual exemption from taxation.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Company has received about 90,000 acres of land, and now claims the balance of 110,000 acres with the other rights and privileges specified in the Charter.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I enclose a copy of a letter which since my arrival in Fiji I have received from the Manager of the Company.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It must be borne in mind that when Thakombau executed the Charter he was only chief of Mba
u, and he had no right or title whatever to cede or deal in any manner with 7/10th of the land proferred to be granted to the Company.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Of this the Company appear to have been warned at every step by the British Consul and the Senior Naval Officer on the station, so that they entered into the speculation with their eyes open and at their own risk.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Of the 90,000 acres which have nominally been handed over, about from 400 to 500 acres only, in Suva Bay, have been actually occupied and cultivated by the Company
, and nearly the whole of the valuable portion of the remainder is in the occupation of natives, who could not be dispossessed and driven from their homes without great hardship and injustice.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Indeed it is asserted that without Government support and prote
ctions the Company could not venture to take possession of the greater portion of the 90,000 acres which have nominally been surrendered to them.
\par 
\par 14.\tab I would recommend that this Charter should not in any way be recognised as valid by Her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Governm
ent, but that as the readiest mode of settling this claim, and with a view of preventing annoyance to the native occupiers, an offer should be made to the Company, without prejudice, to repay to them the L9,000 advanced to the American Government, and lea
v
er them in possession of the 400 to 500 acres now in the occupation of the tenants of the Company in the Suva District, and actually under cultivation; the remainder of the 90,000 acres, and all further claims under the Charter, being surrendered to the C
olonial Government.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [50]\tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Quanchi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  wrote in his thesis}{
\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Exhibit D3, p 106}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 :
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par At the first General Meeting (of the Polynesia Company) the Board of Directors had been re-elected, but there was little upon which to base a judgment of their performance.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Directors in Melbourne could in fact only wait upon the progress of their agents in Fiji.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Glenny, and then Cook, had travelled out to inspect the blocks and were confidently expected to forward the titles at any moment.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The first instalment on the United States debt ($US 9,575) was paid and the Directors were confident of having the balance ($US 32,673) available by mid-1869.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Brower, the United States Consul in Fiji reported to Washington that he expected full payment would be made, but added a note of cautio
n that he was }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 not without some fears to the contrary}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .
\par .
\par \'85 but by the next series of General Meetings, beginning in May 1870, the gloss had dulled.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The third General Meeting was postponed twice before a quorum finally met on the 14th of May.
\par .
\par The Company was facing considerable difficulties.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The titles for only three blocks had been obtained and the second share issue had not sold well.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
In order to meet the remaining United States debt payments the Company sold 100,000 acres of their (sic) land to a conso
rtium of original shareholders and new purchasers (which was half of the promised 200,000 acres in 40 equal parcels of 2,500 acres for L250 each to 40 investors}{\cs22\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722 
 Referred to in the thesis as the group of \'93Forties\'94.}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  approved on 29 April 1869 and completed
 a week later which included all the Viti Levu Bay and Beqa blocks and 10,000 acres in Suva).}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Cook informed the General Meeting that L8,875 had been immediately subscribed to the new offer and that the Company had conveyed to the new association the Viti Levu Bay and Beqa blocks and 10,000 acres at Suva.
\par .
\par \'85}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The second and third instalments had been paid and only the fourth remained.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 However, before the final $US10,670.78 was paid, the Directors wished to ensure that Cakobau would honor his obligations under the charter.
\par .
\par By late 1871 the settlers at Suva had been on their blocks nearly a year but were struggling against the difficulties posed by costs of clearing, troublesome labourers and poor soils.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The newly formed Cakobau Government offered s
ome hope of stability in the islands but the Directors were ignorant of the internal political situation and were dependent on a series of irregular letters from the Local Committee, Surplice, Butters and Forward after he arrived.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Directors could only maintain an optimistic front to an increasingly suspicious press, public and quorum of shareholders.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The seven general meetings between October 1870 and April 1871 had done little to soothe the now disgruntled shareholders and twelve months were to pass before the next general meeting was called.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
With Forword in Fiji on six month undertaking to clear up the Company affairs, the Directors in Melbourne continued their Board Meetings but publicly the Company had been put into a state of suspension.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }
{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 After two years operation the Company appeared to be on the verge of collapse.
\par .
\par In Levuka, Thurston wrote to Hope that now the Company had paid the fourth instalment on the American debt, Cakobau had indeed rubbed his hands, smiling and saying, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Sa oti, Sa oti}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  (It}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}
{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s all over, It}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s all over\'85).}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 At the general meetings this was not mentioned and from Fiji Butters gave no warning to the Directors that Cakobau}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s attitude had turned decidedly against the Company.
\par .
\par It had appeared in late 1872 when Forwood reported the promise of further land grants, that the Company}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s fortunes would rise again, but 1873 was to bring further frustration and for all practical purposes that year saw the demise of the Company as a functioning, active enterprise.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [51]\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Crown did not recognise the Charters for two reasons}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Exhibit D6, tab 5.}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 : }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
that not only are they necessarily rendered void by the effacement of the so called government which purported to grant them, but they are in some obvious respects contrary to those principles of policy which must prevail in a British Colony.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par OFFER OF CESSION
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [52]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Report}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Exhibit P16, tab 2, p 26}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  of Commodore Goodenough and Consul Layard of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 13 April 1874}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 on the offer of cession was as follows:
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Report of Commodore Goodenough and Mr. Consul Layard, on the Fiji Islands.
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Pearl,}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 at Levuka, Fiji, April}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  13, 1874.
\par (Received June 10, 1874.)
\par 
\par My Lord,
\par \tab 
\par IN the instructions issued to us by Lord Kimberley, desiring us to inquire and report on the offer of cession of the Fiji Islands to the British Crown, we are informed that four possible modes of action are open to Her Majesty}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Government:-
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12023769 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls10\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12023769 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 To invest the British Consul with magisterial powers over British subjects settled in the Fiji Islands;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}To recognize the Government which now exists in the islands, and which has already been dealt with a }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 de facto}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  Government;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}To establish a British Protectorate over the islands;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (4)\tab}
The assumption by Her Majesty of territorial Sovereignty over the Islands, and, as a necessary sequence, the constitution within them of some form of Colonial Government.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par 2.\tab The objections to the third mode, which had appeared so strong to Her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s Government, we find to be even stronger than is suggested by our instructions.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
We have received evidence of the dislike with which it would be received by British residents, and we, therefore, do not suppose that your Lordship will wish us to dwell further upon it.
\par 
\par 3.\tab As, in our opinion, the only remaining alternative lies between the assumption by Her Majesty of territorial Sovereignty over the Islands and to invest the Consul with magisterial power over the British subjects sett
led here, we will at once proceed to consider the second mode of action suggested by our instructions, and to give your Lordship a sketch of the establishment of the present Government in these islands, from which we believe that your Lordship will conclu
de, with us, that it is very far indeed from being likely that any Government can be established here which is, in any sense, native or indigenous, or which could become tolerable to the native or white planter.
\par 
\par 4.\tab 
In order to reply to an objection which might be made that the Sandwich Islands and the Tongan Islands are examples which may be quoted of success in native Government, we may remark that, in each of these cases, a superior native Chief succeeded in estab
l
ishing his supreme rule before the advent of any number of Europeans; in each case missionaries preceded the trader or planter, and were able to instil a considerable amount of self-respect and culture into the natives; and in neither case has there been 
so rapid and sudden an influx of foreigners, as in Fiji.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
In the Fiji Islands this great influx of settlers took place from and since the date of Colonel Smythe}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s report to her Majesty}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Government.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The fact of a hope of annexation to Great Britain; and the faithful account given by Dr. Seemann of the fertility of the islands, and their suitableness as a new area for cotton-planting, stimulated the immigration which followed.
\par 
\par 5.\tab Fiji was still at that time, and up to a much more recent date, without anyone head, as may be seen from Colonel Smythe}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s report, Mr. Thurston}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s correspondence on the Polynesian Land Question, 1868, and other documents.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Chief of Bau was, however, besides being the undoubted ruler over a large area, the most influential personage o
ver the group generally, and so continued up to August 1871.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Up to this time the white settlers generally, throughout the different districts, had sought to extend their own influence, and to maintain order, by preferring some local Chief before all others
, and then enabling him by presents of arms or cloth, and other things, to extend his influence, so that he might be the judge of all native disputes brought before him, and also the medium through whom purchases of land might be made.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 They, of course, adhered to the Chiefs who were already the most powerful, by birth or by the issue of native wars, and Cakobau}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s power, among others, was greatly due to this influence.
\par 
\par 6.\tab One Chief alone was always an exception to this rule.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Maafu, the Tongan whose antecede
nts have been reported to the Foreign Office, made a position for himself, assisted, it is true, by one or two Englishmen, who attached themselves directly to him.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 He was frequently stopped in his career by the influence of the British Consul, and but for this he would probably have been before now the principal Chief of Fiji.
\par 
\par 7.\tab From about 1865, various attempts were made at different parts of the group, under the influence of whites, to establish the first principles of Government; and Cakobau, Maafu, and one or two other Chiefs were assisted by English Secretaries 
\endash  or, perhaps we should say instructed by English Secretaries \endash  to draw up and issue Constitutions.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Thus there were Constitutions of Bau of 1865 and 1867, Laws of Tovata of 1867, and others; the Secretaries to these Chiefs being, in nearly every case, respectable and, in some cases, able men.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 There were, however considerable districts beyond the boundaries of Bau or of the Tovata; and, as yet, no administration of justice had been attempted beyo
nd the native magistracy of local Chiefs.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par 
\par 8.\tab The feeling of the white population that it was absolutely necessary to erect some sort of central Government, under which Law Courts for the recovery of debt and repression of crime, could be constituted, now
 increased; and, in 1869, the native Chiefs seem to have been stimulated by the whites to send to Her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s Consul petitions for British protection.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Various associations of whites were made, which, in turn, tried to erect a Republican form of Government, and obtain annexation to the United States \endash 
 without success; and the first actual concession of legislative powers to whites appears to have been the granting of a charter by Cakobau to the white residents of Levuka, to make improvement in the local se
ttlement by enacting bye-laws for imposing fines, &c.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It is dated 21st November, 1870.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 
 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 This, however, was altogether insufficient for the purposes of inaugurating what was wanted, namely, a Court of Law; and the first successful attempt at the formation of
 a General Government was made very shortly after.
\par 
\par 9.\tab At this time, Cakobau}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s direct sovereignty was limited to Bau, to part of Ovalau, great part of the Rewa, and several central islands.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
His influence extended westward to Ba River on the north, and to Suva on the south side of Viti Levu, far less, altogether, than half of Viti Levu, or a third of the group.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It had appeared to be the interest of every one to uphold and extend that authority and influence; and both the claim of the United States for 9,000\u8747\'3f
., and also the action of English authorities, had contributed to make him the principal Chief of Fiji.
\par 
\par 10.\tab As we have said, the whites, throughout the group, had been anxious for a General Government, but the merchants of Levuka, to whom many of the plan
ters were in debt, were naturally the most eager for the establishment of Courts of Law; but the immediate cause of their proceeding to active measures was the fact that a new line of steamers was advertised to run from Australia to San Francisco, and tha
t it was most desirable to induce them to call at Levuka on their way.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Some of the principal merchants subscribed to light Levuka Harbour and to survey the northern entrance to the group, namely, the Nanuku passage.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 They were further desirous of securing to
 the Steamship Company a small subsidy, and were at once met by the difficulty that they had often met before, that the co-operation might be promised, for this or any other scheme, but could not be secured.
\par 
\par About this time, viz., May 1871, a Mr. Sydney Burt, who happened to have come here from Sydney, was Cakobau}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s Commercial Agent; a Mr. G. A. Woods formerly Colonial Surveyor in New Zealand, was employed in determining positions for placing a light for the navigation of the Nanuku passage; and a Mr. Drew was Cakobau}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Secretary.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The resident whites seem not to have understood how to set to work to constitute themselves into a Government, and seem to have combined with Mr. Woods and Mr. Burt to get Cakobau recognized as King of Fiji, and, under his authori
ty, to form a Ministry of seven persons, comprising two native Chiefs, two principal merchants, Mr. Sagar, Mr. Woods, Mr. Burt.
\par 
\par 11.\tab These persons (for neither the Chief Cakobau nor other native understood anything about it) assembled the foreign residents
 in Levuka by notice, and there read a speech, purporting to be from Cakobau, who was present, and announcing the nomination of his Ministers and his intention to govern under a Constitution by their aid.
\par 
\par 12.\tab It is greatly to be regretted that the gentleman who occupied the post of Her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s Consul at this time was not fitted, either by his knowledge of the islands or by a legitimate influence with the Chiefs to direct the course of affairs.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The influence and authority, which should of right have been exerted by him at this moment, were not used to keep the Chiefs and the British residents from making great mistakes.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Had Mr. March possessed that influence and authority, we believe he might, on the one hand, have given such advice to the Chief as would h
ave insured his selecting trustworthy persons as Ministers; and, on the other hand, have induced all residents to give the support to the laws, now for the first time introduced, as would have insured their ready acceptance.
\par 
\par The mistake now made, and which has led to many subsequent ones, was that the whole public, native and foreign, were taken by surprise.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
A General Government was started without the general consent; and, consequently, although the whites in all parts of the group were induced, by their 
strong desire for a Government of some sort or other and by fair promises, to adhere at first to what was then started; yet both whites and natives have held themselves free to disown and oppose the Government so constituted whenever they thought fit, and
 to ask for its dissolution.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
But for the interference and influence of the house of Hennings in one direction, and that of Captain Chapman, of Her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s ship }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Dido,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 in another, there can be little doubt that both Maafu, Chief of Lau, and Tui Cakau, 
Chief of the northern part of the group, would have separated from the Government of Cakobau before this; and an organised resistance to the Government on the part of the planters of Ba, Nadi, and Nadroga (the west extreme of Viti Levu), might possibly ha
ve been successful, had it not been for Captain Chapman}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s intervention in February 1873.
\par 
\par 13.\tab There can be no doubt that the personal unpopularity of Mr. Woods, who made himself the leader of the Government movement, as well as an unnecessary and arbitrary 
assumption of authority by him, had something to do with the resistance offered to the Government; but the chief cause of distrust among the whites was the subsequent spectacle of an extravagant expenditure of money on an elaborate form of Constitutional 
Government, which sensible men felt to be unsuited to the country.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
There was, besides this, a residuum of ill disposed men at Levuka, who objected to all law, and who took advantage of the indifference of the respectable to make themselves prominent.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 These were a small fraction and entirely distinct from the body of planters and merchants who form the real bulk of the settlers.
\par 
\par 14.\tab This Government having, however, made good its start, proceeded to invite white delegates to consult with them, and also with the Chiefs, who were induced to come down and adhere to the General Government.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The white residents consented and sent delegates, and it is clear, from what has followed, that the idea in their minds was that the Chiefs were to govern their own people, and 
that the whites were to invite the confidence of people abroad by showing themselves capable of self-government, by developing the resources of the country, and by showing that the administration of laws could be secured.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Such a body of delegates as was he
re assembled could not be expected, on the one hand, to understand much of law or constitutions; or, on the other, to have any particular predisposition in favour of natives.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Their main motive was, of course, to advance their own interests, and, in matters
 beyond their immediate interests, they were easily led to abandon the country to an active and energetic man like Mr. Woods.
\par 
\par 15.\tab The delegates framed a Constitution, and under the Constitution a Parliament was elected, and sat in 1872 and 1873.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 There was
 not, nor was there likely to be, any deliberate intention of injuring the natives, but it was, perhaps, inevitable that a body of men sent up to guard the interests of white constituents should ignore the existence of a native, except as a payer of poll-
tax, a possible labourer and a consumer of imported goods.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The interests of natives were undoubtedly ignored to this extent \endash 
 that they were left to shift for themselves, and as, on account of the imposition of the poll-tax, they had a right to have been, b
ut were not, protected from the old-fashioned irregular imposts of native Chiefs, they have suffered considerably by the inauguration of a new Government.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Their chief sufferings seem to have arisen from the power of the Chiefs to force their people to labo
ur, and also from the action of the Government in giving over prisoners of war to white planters to labour, in consideration of yearly contributions to the Treasury; but, perhaps, that which shows most clearly the evil of white domination, was an act of t
he Legislature of July 1872, which authorises the putting of Fijians to hard labour on conviction of non-payment of poll-tax; the hard labour being a service on the plantation of a white settler.
\par 
\par It is right to say that though this Act passed the House, it was objected to by some of the planters, who felt it to be a policy which would bring them into collision with the natives.
\par 
\par Under this Act, as well as under a regulation by which prisoners of war were hired out to planters, natives have been consigned to temporary slavery, and the spirit of the Imperial Kidnapping Act has been violated.
\par 
\par 16.\tab The body of self appointed Ministers continued in power up to March 1872, without giving satisfaction either to whites or natives; but now Mr. Thurston, who had been acting at one time as Her Majesty}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Consul and had the confidence of all parties, was asked, in the absence of Mr. Woods at Sidney, to take the chief place in the Ministry.
}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 He consented, but on the return of Mr. Woods, that gentleman managed to retain his 
post as premier, to the great dissatisfaction of the white population.
\par 
\par 17.\tab To the continued want of frankness in financial matters on the part of the Ministers, which was, of course, and rightly, ascribed to their inability to produce a satisfactory accou
nt, was now added a series of mismanaged native affairs, which threatened to embroil the whites with the natives to a greater extent even than the whites, by occasional strong measures against trespassers and by disputable land transactions with native Ch
iefs, had embroiled themselves.
\par 
\par 18.\tab Still, Mr. Thurston}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s having taken office might have led to a better state of things, had it not been for Mr. Woods}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  continuance in the Ministry, and also, it must be said, the continued bad success of planters with their cotton plantations.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
With cotton at the high prices of 1868 and 1869, the majority of the people would have cared little how they were governed, or how much public debt was contracted.
\par 
\par Throughout the group more and more dissatisfaction was felt, and the dissatisfaction was met by defiance instead of by conciliation.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Mr. Thurston seems to have been animated by the sincerest desire to maintain order and the administration of law, but seems to have insisted on making the theoretic unity of Cakobau}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Kingdom 
(an unity which was only brought into existence by the good-will of the white planters), a foundation on which he sought to rest the exclusive right of Cakobau and his Ministers to govern in the interest of the native population.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A parade of this theory was not likely to advance their practical interests or to gain the assistance of the whites.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Although the theory might deserve to be regarded with sympathy, we cannot find that, in practice, the native policy since pursued has in any way contributed to the c
omfort or welfare of the natives, who have openly come to us, on our journey about the Coast, to complain of the impossibility of their living under the white Government.
\par 
\par 19.\tab The state in which we find the islands is then the following:-
\par \tab 
\par A native Chief has been raised to supreme power by the white population.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
In working a constitution under him the latter have found themselves, as a matter of fact, the disposers of the interests of the natives.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A ministry, which at first rested upon the support of the wh
ites, has, by raising an armed force, felt it possible to make itself independent of them, and has sought to govern the country on the theory of preserving native interests and treating whites as aliens.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  
}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In the course of two years they have spent about 124,000\u8747\'3f and are 87,000\u8747\'3f in debt.
\par 
\par The most respectable white merchants and planters have assured us of their inability to meet this debt unless an influx of capital takes place, the whole capital now invested in the country being about 250,000\u8747\'3f.
\par 
\par The Chiefs have been induced to assume the responsibility of the debt, but could not possibly meet it, and, we feel, do not understand their liability.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In the attempt to meet it the people would be reduced to worse slavery than has ever been the case before.
\par 
\par 20.\tab This is the state to which the Government of the islands has now been brought, and we beg to reply in answer to the questions put to us by your Lordship under this head.
\par 
\par \tab }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Q}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 (1)\tab To what extent is the actual Government acknowledged throughout the islands by eit
her the natives or by the white settlers? \endash  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
. The present Government is acknowledged throughout the islands by the natives and whites; but that which we found on our arrival was only able to keep its position by the aid which it received from the presence of one of Her Majesty}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s ships.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
But for our influence at this moment, Maafu would probably separate himself from the Government and draw the Chief of Taveuni, Tui Cakau, with him.
\par \tab 
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Q}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 (2)\tab 
Whether the resistance which has recently been offered to it is groun
ded upon a belief that it is not properly constituted, and has no sufficient title to the power which it affects to exercise, or to an objection to the persons now constituting the administration, such as would be removed by the substitution of persons po
ssessing in a greater degree the confidence of the inhabitants? \endash  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
. Resistance seems to have been offered to it at first both on account of objections to the persons assuming posts of ministers, namely, to Mr. Woods and Mr. Burt; and also on account of the
 way in which they assumed those posts; and latterly, on account of personal objections to Mr. Woods and Mr. Thurston, and their extravagance and arbitrary acts.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 We do not think that the objections to the last form of Government would be removed by the sub
stitution of other persons, as the confidence of the settlers has been thoroughly shaken in all attempts at self-government, and we know of no persons in the impoverished state of the community, who are capable, by their true worthiness, knowledge, and in
dependence, to undertake the posts of permanent and nominated ministers satisfactorily.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Q}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 (3)\tab 
Whether there is a reasonable prospect that a Government so constituted will possess stability, and will be able to preserve order and to punish crime? \endash  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 There
 is no reasonable prospect that a native Government can continue to preserve order.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It is, indeed, impossible for it to do so.
\par 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Q}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 (4)\tab 
What securities would the Fijian Government, if recognised, be prepared to give that slavery should not, in any form, direc
tly or indirectly, exist in the islands; that kidnapping, whether carried on in ships under the Fijian flag or under other flags, should, as far as lay in their power, be effectually repressed; and that labourers imported from other islands should be huma
nely treated, and should only be employed in accordance with contracts freely entered into by them? \endash  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
. We have, however, asked King Cakobau}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Ministers the questions to which your Lordship directed our attention.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Though we have received no reply, we have no doubt whatever that an affirmative one would be given by the King and Chiefs.
\par 
\par 21.\tab Should Her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s Government, however, determine on the continued recognition of a native Government here, assisted by white advisers, with a view to full recognition hereafter when it can justify its claim to such recognition, then we are of opinion that Her Majesty}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s Consul must, for the preservation of order, be furnished with discretionary power to exert magisterial authority, and to open a Court, for which the foll
owing staff would be required, - an Assistant Judge, a Law Secretary, four policemen, a gaoler, a boat}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s crew of natives.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It would also be desirable to obtain from Cakobau a perpetual lease of his right to the island of Ovalau, so as to place it under mun
icipal authority of white residents under Her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Consul, although Customs duties should be payable to the Fijian Government.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Moreover, it would be necessary in such a case to send a ship to visit the islands frequently, and to employ a small vessel 
constantly, if the Consul found it necessary to use his discretionary power.
\par 
\par 22.\tab Your Lordship will understand the necessity for this when we say that we are of opinion, after due inquiry, that, if Cakobau were to die, or if Her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Government do not resolve on accepting the offer of cession now made, a struggle for power would begin among the Chiefs, which the whites, unaided by one of Her Majesty}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s ships or other evident force, might find it impossible to direct to a peaceful issue.
\par .
\par .
\par 24.\tab If Her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s Government do not finally determine to annex these islands, the only course to be pursued is, in our opinion, to give Her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s Consul the large discretionary powers and assistance above spoken of, with which he would have no difficulty in controlling the employment of Polynesian labourers, as Her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Consul is now endeavouring, but without magisterial powers, to do.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
By the employment of one of Her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s ships most of the plantations have been visited, and some abuses have been remedied.
\par 
\par The great majority of the planters have been gratified by these visits, which Commodore Goodenough has reported to the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, and have been glad to see the abuses (which have not been frequent) dealt with in a summary m
anner.
\par 
\par We here feel it due to the great body of planters to say that, with regard to food, clothing, and houses, the Polynesian labourers are far better off than when on their native islands.
\par 
\par 25.\tab We submit to you Lordship that, in the event of the refusal of Her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s Government to annex these islands, the discretionary power above spoken of should be conferred upon Her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s Consul without delay, as it is impossible to predict what may take place from day to day; and we think that this fact, take
n in conjunction with the very brief sketch which we have given of the origin of the Government here, furnishes the justification and necessity for giving such powers.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 But we need not point out that the use of these powers, and the interference of Her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Consul in Fijian affairs, which the use of such power would bring about, would amount to a Protectorate, and would be a Protectorate of an undefined and inconvenient character.
\par 
\par 26.\tab We now offer a reply to your Lordship}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s questions under the head of the last of the four courses which are open to her Majesty}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Government, viz., the acceptance of the cession of Fiji now offered.
\par 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Q}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 (1)\tab 
Whether Cakobau and the other native Chiefs, and the native population generally, as well as the white settlers, desire and would acquiesce in the establishment of the authority of the British Crown over the islands.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Full inquiry should be made as to the power and authority of the Chiefs to make over the sovereignty? \endash  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 . We enclose a paper showing the express wish of Cakobau and the other Chiefs as to annexation to Great Britain.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
They have full power and authority to make the cession; and, were we to add anything to this, we should say that the lesser Chiefs and people are more anxious for annexation than the high Chiefs.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Some of the latter have fears of their old rights of levying contributions of food, mats, and oil, &c., being taken away without recompense.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 But we find generally an unwillingness to dissent from an opinion of the superior Chief.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 We have taken the greatest 
pains to insure our obtaining a real record of the actual wishes of the Chiefs and people, and we consider the above-named document is as accurate a representation of that wish as can possibly be obtained.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The white settlers are unanimous in their wish for annexation.
\par 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Q}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 (2)\tab 
What form of Government is it proposed should be established in the islands, in the event of their becoming British? \endash  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A. }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 We have not only endeavoured to frame our own opinion as to what would be the best form of Government for these isl
ands, but have also consulted the principal planters and others, and we find the general wish of the great majority to be in favour of that of a Crown Colony.
\par 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Q}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 (3, 5)\tab Is it supposed, having regard to the numbers and nationality of the white residents and 
of the native population, that responsible Government, as it exists in the neighbouring Colonies would be appropriate to Fiji; and, if so, is there among the settlers a sufficient number of persons qualified to supply the materials for an elected Legislat
ure and for an Executive Government composed of members of that Legislature? \endash  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
. 3. We do not consider that responsible Government in any form would be suited to Fiji, nor do the people, white or native, desire it.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
On the contrary, feeling the recent failure of representative and responsible Government strongly, they unanimously wish for an Executive appointed from England. }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 . (5) Although some of the inhabitants of Levuka think that a plan of representation, akin to that now in existence in West Australia,
 would be best suited to the circumstances of the group, the majority of the planters outside Levuka, who are generally in small isolated groups and at a distance, are in favour of the stricter form of Crown Colony, in which the Legislature is composed, a
s in Singapore and Ceylon, of various officers of Government, natives, planters, and merchants.
\par 
\par Our own recommendation is in favour of this plan, and it is obvious that it is more desirable from two points of view \endash  first, on account of the absolute nec
essity that the Governor should take upon himself the duty of the defence of the interests of the less intelligent natives against the inevitable pressure of an increasing white population; secondly, because the best and most industrious planters will not
 
be found, at first, to be willing or able to sacrifice their time for the public good; and the choice of a representative of the planting community would probably fall on a merchant or other resident of Levuka, who would be rather a delegate or advocate f
or the district which he represented than a representative of the general requirements of the country.
\par 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Q}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 (4)\tab How, if at all, would the natives be represented in the Legislature? \endash  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 . It would be advisable to give the native Chiefs a strong representation in
 the Government, to the extent of equal, or nearly equal, numbers with the white unofficial members in the Legislative Council.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Their good-will would thus be gained, and the Government would be fortified by their knowledge of their districts.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12023769 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Commodore Goodenough and Consul Layard also reported}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Exhibit P16, p 32}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  on the then government}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s attempt to secure funding secured by Fijian lands:

\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 27.\tab 
We append a statement of the whole indebtedness or liability of the country.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
We have informed the white residents of the amount, and they have declared to us, more or less formally at different places, their willingness to acknowledge their responsibility for it, as well as for the expenses of a future Government.
\par 
\par 28.\tab We have been
 so fortunate as to obtain the assistance of two gentlemen, namely, Mr. Carl L. Sahl, a gentleman connected with mercantile firms in Sydney, and Mr. Thomas Horton, manager of the Fiji Bank, in the investigation of the accounts, and they have given us a re
port, which we enclose.
\par 
\par 29.\tab The greater part of the debt, and the portion which alone can be set to the account of natives has been used far more for the benefit of the native chiefs (and principally Cakobau) than for that of the actual people.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The guarant
ees for the debt in general are laid upon the revenues of the country, the public lands of the country, and the private lands of the King; and we consider that the contribution of such lands, on the part of Cakobau and others, would be a sufficient share 
of the guarantee to fall on the natives.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 They contribute also to the revenue by their labour. \tab  
\par 
\par 30.\tab The extent of public land is, as will be seen, very small, and the chief security for one portion of the debt is what has been called the private lands of the King, but which are not strictly private.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
King Cakobau has rights of seignory over them, and is powerful enough to be able to remove and satisfy the population, but it is not more than a powerful lord of the manor.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It would neither be just nor wise to allow the mortgagee to foreclose, but if the Crown could purchase any of them hereafter by private agreement it would be advantageous to do so.
\par 
\par 32.\tab The circumstances connected with the loan of 25,000\u8747\'3f, issued at Sydney, which produced 18,500\u8747\'3f, should be more fully related, in order that your Lordship may have an opportunity of forming an opinion upon them.
\par 
\par On the 25th July, 1872, a Bill (no. 31), which had been introduced into the Legislative Assembly of Fiji, was passed, empowering Government to contract a loan of 250,000 dollars on pledge of public lands.
\par 
\par In pursuance of an authority given under this Act, Mr. Woods, then Premier, went to Sydney and endeavoured to float the loan.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The amount raised was to be used to take up former debentures, to erect buildings, and to engage in reproductive works.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Mr. Woods found it impossible to place more than 125,000 dollars, or 25,000\u8747\'3f. At 80 to 90 per cent, and could only float that sum by pledging all of what was considered Cakobau}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s private lands, as well as whatever existed of public land.
\par 
\par The persons who negotiated the loan seem to have had doubts of the freedom of any land to be devoted to such a purpose, and asked certain questions of Mr. Woods, who, on the 7th September, 1872, made the following replies:-
\par 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Q}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 :\tab 
If the proposed security for the loan consists of land, can you show that such land has been specially reserved for such purpose? \endash  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The whole of the public domain is free of liability, saving and excepting 5,000 acres in the island of Ovalau.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 No lands h
ave yet been sold by the Government of Fiji.
\par 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Q}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 :\tab 
Describe the position and character of such land, with plans and full particulars; also state when and by whom it was surveyed? \endash  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The territory of the Kingdom of Fiji is comprised in seventy-two islands, containing an area of 4,450,000 acres approximately, out of which 800,000 acres are alienated to white corporations and settlers, and 60,000 acres are held privately by His Majesty 
the King, his Chiefs and people, leaving a balance of over 3,000,000 acres of land, about 500,000 acres of which consists of barren and unfruitful lands, such as mountainous and rocky, land that cannot be cultivated.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The lands have not yet been trigonometri
cally surveyed; they have been roughly surveyed and examined to test the accuracy of the Admiralty and American surveys, and those surveys were found correct approximately last year by the New Zealand and Admiralty Surveyors, invited by the King and peopl
e to proceed there to survey and test the capabilities of the islands.
\par 
\par 33.\tab We have requested Mr. Woods to explain to us how he could give the negotiators to understand that large areas of public land existed, over which the security was to extend, and he, 
in reply, read to us a resolution of the Privy Council (composed at that time of Cakobau and other Chiefs and the white Ministers) which recites that, the Chiefs agree that measures shall}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 be taken to restrict the native occupiers to the lands which they require for cultivation, and that all remaining lands shall pass into the hands of the Government.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 If any attempt were made, even now, to proceed upon such a resolution, the greatest distress and disturbance would be the result.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 To proceed upon it would be t
o revolutionize the country and to attack the best known and most keenly felt right of the Fijians; and the resolution can only be looked upon as an attempt, by a number of white men, looked up to by their native colleagues as supremely wise in these matt
ers, to create a property on paper which did not exist in fact, and could not be created without engaging in unjust war.
\par 
\par But when an attempt was made by the Ministers, through Mr. Woods, to act upon the paper title thus created, another responsibility was incurred.
\par 
\par A case for opinion was submitted to Sir William Manning of Sydney, New South Wales, by the negotiators of the loan, and Sir William Manning gave an opinion of which the following is an extract:-
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The first of Mr. A}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s points is that, he is not a
ware of the existence of any Crown of Public Lands sufficient and competent to form the subject of the mortgage on public lands which forms part of the securities.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 This of course depends upon matters of fact upon which I can have no knowledge.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 But it is cl
ear that if Mr. A. be right, then the Act (No. 17, cap 2) on the subject of the disposal of the Government lands is a baseless enactment, whilst that (No. 31) by which the loan was authorized, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 on the pledges of such of the public lands as the King might assent to,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 was equally baseless, and was a positive snare to the contemplate lenders; and so also the statement made to the lenders by the authority of the Government, as to the existence of large areas of public lands over which the security was to extend
, was a falsehood and a delusion.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par We cannot do otherwise than concur in Sir William Manning}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s opinion, and we add that the area of public lands, which is now, after great efforts have been made by the Chiefs, nominally 450,000 acres, was in 1872 only abo
ut 10,000 acres, exclusive of 5,000 acres already mortgaged; also that the right and power of Government over this land was by no means undisputed.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [53]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Report}{
\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Exhibit P26, p 41}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  concluded:
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par 64.\tab We have now given replies to the questions put prominently forward in our instructions; and, in conclusion, we beg to assure your Lordship that we can see no prospect for these islands, should Her Majesty}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Government decline to accept the offer of cession, but ruin to the English planters and confusion in the native Government.
\par 
\par As a Crown Colony, we think that Fiji would certainly become a prosperous Settlement.
\par 
\par In addition to the great advantages of soil and climate which we have enumerated, the geograp
hical position of Fiji has caused it to be chosen as a place of rendezvous for the steamers performing the mail service from California to New Zealand and New South Wales.
\par 
\par With the single exception of the beautiful and fertile island of Tavinui, the coasts abound in secure and admirable harbours, well known to the residents, and only requiring the continuation of an accurate survey to make them accessible to strangers.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [54]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 As to what position the Chiefs were to hold in the Colonial Government, the Report}{
\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Ibid, p 13}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  recommended:
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par 52.\tab Your Lordship has particularly directed us to ascertain and point out what position the Chiefs would hold if the Islands were brought under British Government.
\par 
\par We have ma
de very lengthened explanations to Cakobau and others of the native Chiefs, and have ascertained, both from themselves and from independent whites well acquainted with their habits and modes of thought, especially Mr Thurston, what their real wishes would
 be.
\par 
\par We enclose a statement of those expectations, made out by Mr Thurston in the names of the Chiefs.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The latter understand little or nothing of these matters and of amounts of money, nor do they, nor can they foresee the effect which the advent of a Colo
nial Government and the increase of foreign population will produce on the old native customs and respect paid to them.
\par 
\par The Chiefs are obliged to trust their future to Her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Government (in Cakobau}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}
{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s own words to us, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 He trusts in the generosity an
d justice of Her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Government}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ), and they ask white advisers to help them to secure their interests, which, in this matter, Mr Thurston has faithfully represented.
\par 
\par The old position of the great body of natives towards their Chiefs is one of undefined serfdom, moderated by certain customs.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
A Chief has food brought to him and to his followers, and has always been accustomed to exact contributions of mats, oil, &c., from those who look to him as their head.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 These contributions, which are necessarily v
exatious because uncertain and arbitrary, have been and are still made at the present time, and are greatly valued by the Chiefs as, perhaps, the greatest proof of superiority they can show.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 We have endeavoured to explain to them that this could not be all
owed to continue in force under a British Governor, but we doubt whether our assurances are either fully believed or understood.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The idea is still new to them, and it is certain that the system can only be altered for one of direct salaries very gradually.
\par 
\par Any abrupt general change in this direction would weaken the authority of the Chiefs who are now, and should be for some to come, the rulers of their own people under the Central Government.
\par 
\par The old system, in short, should be allowed to exist on sufferance, unacknowledged, but, except in the case of extreme exactions, not interfered with.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 To abolish it would be to take away the foundation of social order.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
It will die out as the European population increases.
\par 
\par 53.\tab There can be no doubt that, of necessity, the authority and ease of a Chief}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s position must vanish unless he is utilized in the administration of the Government of the natives, and that, even when he is thus made use of, he will gradually lose many of his old privileges.
\par 
\par From this point of view it does not seem to us that the sums asked for the Chiefs, which may at first seem large, are excessive.
\par 
\par It is certain that they must gradually lose their customary tribute, and unless there be something to replace this, which is of great value as being such a forcible and evident proof of chieftainship, their authority must suffer.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 NEGOTIATIONS FOR CESSION
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [55]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 circumstances leading up to and at the signing of the Deed of Cession were also explained in an open letter}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Exhibit P16, tab 5, p 53}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 1908}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  by }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Mr Wilkinson}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  who was the chief interpreter at the time of cession:
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par AN OPEN LETTER
\par 
\par To His Excellency the Governor, Sir Everrard im Thurn
\par [Reprinted from THE WESTERN PACIFIC HERALD, July 3, 1908
\par __________________________________________________________________
\par YOUR EXCELLENCY, - 
\par 
\par 7.\tab At this point I desire to crave Your Excellency}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s permission to give a brief outline of the circumstances connected with the cession of these islands to the British Crown, and also to state the part I was called upon to take in the necessary negotiations.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Your Excellency is doubtless aware that before the mission of Sir Hercules Robinson, the Governor of New South Wales, in 1874, there had been at least three previous attempts to secure the cession or annexation of Fiji to Great Britain.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 One was instituted by H. B. M. Consul Pritchard in about 1858.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Then Colonel Smythe, R. A., was sent out to investigate, but in 1862 Her Majesty declined to accept the cession, it being manifest that there was no common understanding or agreement between the several chiefs and heads of tribes.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Then again in 1868 the question was raised once more and though strongly supported by H. B. M. Consul Captain Jones, V. C., the proposal was declined by the British Government having got into serious difficulties, a considerable agitatio
n was got up in favour of annexation, and Commodore Goodenough was despatched to investigate the facts of the case, conjointly with H. B. M. Consul E. L. Layard.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 After a very thorough investigation they sent Home an offer of the cession and in their report
 strongly advised its acceptance, and although it was declined, nevertheless Sir Hercules Robinson was commissioned to proceed to Fiji for the purpose of making further enquiries, to make negotiations with the high chiefs, and, if possible, to obtain an u
nanimous expression of their willingness to cede their islands unconditionally to her Majesty the Queen.
\par 
\par 8.\tab At that time I was residing with my family at Bua, having retired from the Fijian Government service some time before.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Early in September in 1874, and just prior to the arrival of Sir Hercules Robinson in Fiji, I received two official letters \endash  one from the Premier of the Fijian Government (the late Sir John B. Thurston), and one from H. B. M. Consul E. L. Layard 
\endash  requesting me to proceed without delay to Levuka to render whatever assistance I could in connection with the negotiations about to take place.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A week later a steamer was despatched specially to convey me to the capital.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 By the same boat was sent to me Ratu Cakobau}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Matanivanua}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  (Ratu Sailose) with the following message:- }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 We are in great straits and difficulties and so perplexed that we scarce know what to do.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 We beg of you to come and help us, for we have confidence in you because you know us so well.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In addition to this, and by the same vessel, I received from Commodore Goodenough a letter written in Sydney, informing me of the appointment of Sir Hercules Robinson as Her Majesty}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Commissioner, and that he (the Commodore) would convey him to the islands in H. M. S. Pearl, and urging me to 
be in Levuka to meet the Commissioner on his arrival.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Being thus importuned, and believing the call to be providential, I went on by the steamer.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
On the arrival of H. M. S. Pearl in Levuka, I was immediately sent for by His Excellency, who said to me: }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I u
nderstand, Mr. Wilkinson, that the chiefs sent for you to assist them in their negotiations with me on the subject of the proposed cession of the islands to her Britannic Majesty the Queen.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Is that so?}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I replied in the affirmative.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Very good.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
His Excellency then said, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I also accept you as my medium of communication between myself and the chiefs.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Further, I have informed the Fijian Government that I shall treat with the chiefs only. Now, I wish you to understand distinctly the everything that passes betw
een myself and the chiefs on the subject of my mission, and from them to me must be regarded as strictly confidential.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I trust fully to your fidelity and tact in this important and difficult piece of work upon which I have been sent.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I was then required t
o take the usual oath of office, and to join His Excellency}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s staff on board the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Pearl.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par 
\par 9.\tab My only object, sir, in giving these personal particulars is to show the exact position that I was called upon to take in connection with the negotiations referred to, and also to show that I enjoyed the entire confidence of all parties concerned.

\par 
\par 10.\tab Now permit me, sir, to give a brief connected account of the negotiations that immediately followed.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The first step taken by His Excellency was to meet the Chiefs who had already arrived in Levuka.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
To these he read his Commission from Her Majesty the Queen, and submitted a draft of the proposals relating to the cession of the islands to Great Britain explaining the meaning of them with the utmost care.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 He requested Ra
tu Cakobau and his fellow chiefs to discuss the matter among themselves, and when their minds were made up to inform him, saying that Mr. Wilkinson would convey their wishes to him.
\par 
\par 11.\tab Two hours of discussion followed.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 They then requested me to proceed on board the }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Pearl}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 and inform His Excellency that while they were quite ready to discuss the subject he had submitted to them, they considered it unwise to do so in the absence of such high chiefs as Maafu of Lau, Tui Cakau of Cakaudrove, and many others 
who had not yet arrived in Levuka, and so desired His Excellency to grant a short postponement.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
To this request His Excellency readily acceded, and thereupon decided to use the interval in visiting certain parts of the Group, and he invited Ratu Cakobau to accompany him placing at his disposal the H. M. S. }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Dido,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The places visited on the occasion were Lomaloma, Naduri and Bua.
\par 
\par 12.\tab On October 8th the chiefs (all of whom were now present) re-assembled in Council.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The draft proposals were again submitted by
 His Excellency, who spent considerable time in carefully explaining them, clause by clause.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
He also replied to a number of questions put to him by the chiefs, removing certain doubts that some of them not unnaturally entertained.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 He definitely assured them that should the country be ceded to the British Crown, the established customs and usages of the people would not be interfered with except where manifestly wrong.

\par 
\par 13.\tab His Excellency having withdrawn, the discussion of the proposals laid before the chiefs was proceeded with continued to a late hour, when an adjournment was made until the next day.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The important point that occupied serious attention when the Council re-assembled the next day was the giving of the soil (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 qele}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ).}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 They were prepared, they said, to give the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 lewa}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  of their chiefdoms, also their country (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 vanua}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ), but they had no right to give the soil (}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 qele}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
), for that belonged to the people (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 sa kedra na lewe ni mataqali.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 )}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 No chief, however high his rank, could justly give 
the soil of another man even though he were a member of his own mataqali.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Cakobau, addressing Ratu Isikeli (Roko Tui Viwa), his own son Rau Epeli, Rau Savenaca (Cakobau}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s own brother), Nacagilevu of Kadavu, and Maafu of Lau said: - }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 None of us have any rig
ht to give even the smallest portion of the soil of any member of the mataqalis over whom we rule.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The matter that we are now discussing must be most carefully dealt with, and our decision must be clear.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
What we do today cannot be undone tomorrow.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The chi
efs finally decided to request His Excellency to explain to them what was really meant by }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 giving}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  their county (}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 vanua}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ), }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 reefs, bays, rivers, mangrove swamps,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  etc.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 They also said, }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 We should like His Excellency to make clear to us what our position would
 be (in the event of cession taking place) with regard to our fishing and forest rights.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 These questions are perplexing our minds.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 We are confident that His Excellency will give us the kindest consideration.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 This message I duly conveyed to His Excellency.
\par 
\par 14.\tab After giving careful consideration to these points, His Excellency replied as follows:- }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
the cession must be full and complete, and include everything as specified in the document read to them.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Let it be remembered, however, that they were giving as chiefs, in a chiefly manner (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 vakaturaga}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ), and they must trust to the Queen}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s justice and generosity as their Sovereign and Highest Chief to return to them all or whatever part of their gift she may think right.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 They must also trust her to govern them righteously and in accordance with native usages and customs.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
They had mentioned annexation, and in the event of that taking place, their willingness to submit to his authority; but, as annexation would be contrary to his instructions, he could not consider their suggestion.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par 
\par 15.\tab When this reply was read to the chiefs and explained, the effect was magical.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Ratu Cakobau said, }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 You have heard the message.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 What is now our minds?}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
You see we are not treating with the Levuka-beach white man, but with a chief who holds the Queen}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Commission to us.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 We give as chiefs (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
vakaturaga}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ) to the Queen.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 She accepts as a chief (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 vakaturaga}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ), as our chief.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Her Majesty does not want our land (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 qele}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ), or our fish, or our firewood, etc., but she does want our confidence and trust, and to do us good.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Where did our lotu come from?}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Did we ever get anything bad from Britannia?}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 What say we in reply?}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The response from every part of the house was }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It is clear!}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It is clear! Good! Good! It is well! It is well!}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 This practically concluded the negotiations.
\par 
\par 16.\tab The Instrument of Cession which had been rendered into Fijian clause by clause during the discussion, was then read to the Council, and duly signed by everyone present, both chief and commoner.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I might say that before the document was signed it was read over by one of themselves, and in order to make sure that it was understood by all, I put the question: }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Do you thoroughly understand what has now been read to you?}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The reply was, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Yes, sir.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 There is nothing more to be added.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It is quite clear.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I was then requested to take the document to the Queen}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Commissioner on board the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Pearl,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  a chief and a }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Matanivanua}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  being appointed to accompany me.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The document was presented to His Excellency with all due form in a speech by the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Matanivanua}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , and duly accepted by him.
\par 
\par 17.\tab This, sir, was undoubtedly the real cession of the Islands to the British Crown from the native point of view.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
On my suggestion His Excellency met the chiefs again the same evening.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 He thanked them and commended them for t
heir patient deliberations, and for the unanimous decision at which they had arrived, and, holding the signed document in his hand, said, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It shall be my honour and pleasure to present this document to Her Majesty the Queen, at whose command I undertook this Mission which has now terminated so satisfactorily.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Arrangements were then made for the public signing of the Instrument of Cession (in English) the following day at Nasova.
\par 
\par 18.\tab At the hour appointed for the holding of this meeting a large concourse of people assembled.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The chiefs, officials, and others occupied the central room at Nasova.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Sir Hercules Robinson handed the Deed of Cession to Cakobau to be signed.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The chief thereupon handed the document to me saying }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Read, that all may hear.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I cannot no
w recollect whether I read the Fijian copy which had been signed and presented to the Commissioner the day previous as already stated, or whether I translated direct from the English.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The latter I think, most likely.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The reading over, Cakobau rose, signed 
and affixed his seal, then called upon each chief, and each in turn came to the table and did likewise.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Finally Sir Hercules G. R. Robinson signed as Her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Commissioner.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Fijian flag was then lowered and the Union Jack hoisted in its place, amid the cheers of the people.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The function terminated with a salute from the ships of war in harbour.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 

\par 
\par 19.\tab I now beg permission, sir, to offer a few remarks upon some other statements contained in Your Excellency}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s message that appear to me to reflect upon my official conduct.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Your Excellency says, when speaking of the Herculean task that Sir Arthur Gordon had to face on assuming the governorship of this country, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 it may probably be safely assumed that as regards the Deed of Cession, and Native affairs genera
lly, he really relied to a great extent on Mr. Wilkinson, who, as we have seen, had very definite but very illusory ideas of the effect of that Deed.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I humbly submit that this statement is unsupported by evidence.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Where, I would respectfully ask, does Your Excellency show in the message that my }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ideas of the effect of the deed}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  were }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
very illusory?}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Now, permit me to say, that my }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 very definite}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 ideas of the effect of the deed were that peace and good government would result.
\par 
\par 20.\tab Again, Your Excellency says, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The Deed of Cession said plainly, and meant, that all lands not shown to have been alienated and not in the actual use or occupation of some chief or tribe, or not actually required for the further support of some chief or tribe, were absolutely veste
d in Her Majesty.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 But, plain as these words may seem, they were misunderstood.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Were the lands reserved for the natives only those actually used and occupied by them ... or, did the term include also the lands which they neither occupied, used, or needed?}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 T
hat the former of these two alternatives was truly the one intended, I think is obvious, but, unfortunately, the Governor and his guides took the second meaning as the true one.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 As one of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 guides}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 
"}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  probably referred to in this paragraph, I may be permi
tted to reply, that I never doubted that the former of these two alternatives contained the real meaning when viewed from a strictly legal standpoint: but, always having a very vivid recollection of the oft-repeated assurances given by Sir Hercules Robins
on to the chiefs that Her Majesty would act towards them as generously as they had acted towards her; and remembering the emphatic declaration made by the chiefs to the Queen}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Commissioner that they had no right to give their peoples}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 lands; it never occurred to me to gratuitously advise the carrying out of the actual letter of the law with regard to surplus lands.
\par 
\par 21.\tab I would now respectfully draw Your Excellency}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s attention to two or three slight inaccuracies in certain other statements made.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 (1) }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 the pr
oposal was deliberately adopted by Cakobau, a few days later by Maafu, and the chiefs of the Lau Confederacy.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 This, sir, is not correct.
}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 What they adopted was done on the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 same day}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , and also }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 in the presence of each other}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 . (2) }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It is quite certain that Comm
odore Goodenough, Consul Layard, and Sir Hercules Robinson, the three persons chiefly concerned on the British side in arranging the Cession of Fiji}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , etc.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The fact, is that Mr. Consul Layard had nothing whatever to do with the negotiations re the Cession, and never appeared on the scene until the day the Deed of Cession (in English) was signed.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Again, Commodore Goodenough was only present at one interview with the chiefs, and that at the first introduction of the Commissioner.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Nothing could be more clear than this, that Sir Hercules Robinson accepted the sole responsibility of the negotiations and the issue, and he alone was the certified Queen}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Commissioner, and signed the Deed of Cession.
\par 
\par 22.\tab In conclusion, I desire, sir, to express the hope that I have not exceeded my rights as a retired Public Officer in thus addressing an open letter to Your Excellency.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The reflections on my official acts and conduct having been publicly made, it seemed to me that my only course was to reply in this way.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Remembering, 
sir, my Colonial Service, my Service under the Fijian Government, my previous Service to the Native chiefs, and their Confederacies, extending in all over a period of forty years, and remembering too that in serving the Government I did so at very great p
ersonal loss.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I cannot help thinking that I merited kinder consideration than I have received at Your Excellency}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s hands.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I might go further and say that I feel very keenly indeed the inconsiderate treatment meted out to me by the Governor of this Colony at the close of my long career.
\par 
\par I have the honour to be Your Excellency}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s
\par Most obedient servant,
\par D. WILKINSON.
\par Suva, June 30, 1908.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [56]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 As to whether the Deed of Cession was properly explained to the Chiefs, }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Mr Wilkinson }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 answered that in his open letter}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Ibid }}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 :
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par YOUR EXCELLENCY, - 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 My attention has been drawn to the fact that in Your Excellency}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s Opening Message to the second Legislative Council, held in Suva on the 11th May last, my name is mentioned in connection with the native affairs of the Colony generally, and particularly with regard to the native land question.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I must confess, sir, that on reading the Message as published in the local papers of the 15th and 16th May, I was deeply pained to find therein several grave charges thus publicly preferred against my competency and official conduct.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I cannot help thinking, sir, that the course taken was somewhat unfair, no opportunity having been given to me to rebut the charges or give any explanation that it might be in my power to offer.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par 2.\tab Of course, I do not for one moment doubt that Your Excellency fully believed in the truthfulness of the statements made, and this being so I feel the utmost liberty in replying to them.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I am sure, sir, that all sane persons will admit that it is my bounden duty to 
(a) defend my own character, and (b) to see that no injustice is done to those Imperial officers under whom I have had the honour to serve both prior to the cession of the group to the British Crown and subsequently in the public service of the Colony.

\par 
\par 3.\tab Now, with respect to the charges.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 These are as follows:-
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12023769 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12023769 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 That I }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
tried to paraphrase the purport as I conceived it, of the Deed of Cession.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12023769 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12023769 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 That I }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 never 
understood the purport of the Deed of Cession, and that the view of it which I expressed in Fijian was absolutely incorrect.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12023769 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls8\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12023769 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 That I misled Sir Arthur Gordon with regard to the Deed of Cession.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12023769 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 4.\tab Permit me, sir, to reply to these accusations.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 With regard to the first, that I tried to paraphrase.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Now, to paraphrase is to express form.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
This I certainly did, but contend that my translation is an accurate rendering of the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 sense}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  of the Deed of Cession.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The words }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
he tried to paraphrase the purport as he conceived it,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 appear to me to be intended to convey the meaning that my conception of the purport was incorrect; I humbly submit that this has not been shown, and further that it was not so in fact.
\par 
\par 5.\tab I pass on, sir, to the second, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 He never understood the Deed of Cession.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Certainly I had abundant opportunity for studying it.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
It was in my hands for at least ten days before it was finally adopted.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Each section, clause and phrase }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 was explained by its author}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Possible misconstructions were most carefully considered.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Then for three days a similar process was gone through in Fijian in the Council of Native Chiefs.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Their difficulties and objections were met and answered to their own and the Queen}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Commissioner}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s satisfaction, I therefore have no hesitation in saying that }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
the chiefs thoroughly understood the meaning and purport of the document}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Now, sir, permit me to state an interesting fact.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
When the English Deed of Cession was formally signed, there were several gentlemen present who heard my translation.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Amongst these may be mentioned the Rev. F. Lanham, D. D., of the Wesleyan Mission, the Rev, Father Breheret, of the Roman Catholic Mission, R. S. Swanston, Secretary of Native Affairs, J. B. Thurston, Premier of the Fiji Government, all of whom had a very
 thorough knowledge of the Fijian, his language, usages, and modes of thought.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Two at least of these were asked afterwards by Sir Hercules Robinson if they considered that the chiefs understood what they had signed.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Their reply was }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 thoroughly.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par 
\par 6.\tab With re
gard to the third charge, viz, that I misled Sir Arthur Gordon with regard to the Deed of Cession; my reply, sir, is this: If I have shown, as I think I have, that I did not mislead the native chiefs on this important matter, surely it is most improbable 
that I would endeavour to mislead Sir Arthur Gordon.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Then again, we must not lose sight of the fact that his Excellency had ever before him the Deed of Cession in English, so it is difficult to see how he could be misled either by myself or anyone else.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Then to suppose Sir Arthur capable of being misled in the way indicated is surely a grave reflection upon a gentleman of singular conscientiousness, high ability, and courageous spirit.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [57]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Record of Interview}{
\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Exhibit P16, tab 4, p 51}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  between }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Chief Cakobau}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Sir Hercules Robinson}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  on }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 10 October 1874}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  on HMS }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Dido}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  before the signing of the Deed of Cession records:
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Sir Hercules:-
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
As to the land question, I have been surprised to hear that some misapprehension exists as to what might be the intentions of Her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Government with respect to land.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 That misapprehension, I am told, has arisen in consequence of the recent discussion in the House of Lords \endash 
 you may be perfectly certain that nothing unjust will be done.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
What has occurred to me as the fairest way of arranging the matter I have this morning discovered to be included in the code of laws of the Lau Confederacy, viz., that all lands which can be shown to have been fairly and honestly acquired by whites shall 
b
e secured to them; that all lands that are now in actual use or occupation of any chief or tribe, and such lands as may be necessary for the probable future support and maintenance of any chief or tribe, shall be set apart for them, and that all the resid
ue of the land shall go to the government, not for the personal advantage of Her Majesty or the members of any Government, but for the general good, for the purposes of rule and order.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The more public land there is, the less necessity for taxation, the le
ss burdensome to the people will be the maintenance of peace, the administration of justice, the building of hospitals and other institutions of public utility.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 For such purposes as these, and not for adding to the wealth of the Queen, it is a matter of necessity to have public land.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par 
\par Cakobau, in reply, said:-
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I am very much pleased to hear your sentiments as to the land question, and that disputed titles will be finally adjusted.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
In some cases I fear both sides will suffer; but it is better that such questions should be set at rest, even at the cost of a little suffering.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Of one thing I am afraid, that if we do not cede Fiji, the white stalkers on the beach, the cormorants, will 
open their maws and swallow us up.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The white residents are going about influencing the minds of Tui Cakau and other chiefs so as to prevent annexation, fearing that in case order is established a period may be put to their lawless proceedings.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 By annexation the two races, white and black, will be joined together, and it will be impossible to sever them; the }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 lacing}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  has come.

\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Fijians, as a nation, are of an unstable character, and a white man who wishes to get anything out of a Fijian, if he does no
t succeed in his object to-day will try again tomorrow, until the Fijian is either worried out or over persuaded and gives in.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
But law will bind us together.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 THE DEED OF CESSION
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [58]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 On }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 10 October 1874}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  the Deed of Cession was signed at Levuka by the Chiefs of Fiji and Sir Hercules Robinson on behalf of the British Crown followed by a }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Proclamation}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Exhibit P16, tab 3, p 42}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  of Fiji as a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Possession and Dependency of the British Crown}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14118169\charrsid4988722 [59]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 On the same day, the Governor directed}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Exhibit P16, tab 3, p 43}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  the publication for general information of the following documents:
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par I
\par 
\par COPY OF RESOLUTION of Thakombau, Tui Viti, and Vunivalu, and other high Chiefs of Fiji, in Council assembled; - handed by them to His Excellency Sir Hercules George Robert Robinson, at an interview held at Nosova, on Wednesday, the 30th September, A.D., 1
874.
\par 
\par KIVUA NA MARAMA NA TUI PERITANIA \endash  
\par 
\par Keimami na Tui Viti, vata kei ira na Turaga lelevu kei Viti, keimami sa soli Viti walega vua na Marama levu ka dau loloma mai Peritania Levu kei Airaladi ni keimami sa vakararavi sara ni na lewai Viti vakadodonu, e
 na veilomani, me yaco tu ga mai kina na tiko vinaka.
\par 
\par Io keitou kerea vua na Kovana ko Sir Hercules Robinson, na nona talai na Marama me rogoci ira na neitou veivuke ena ka eso era na tukuna vua ni keimami sa vakararavi vei ira ka qara me tinia vinaka na veivosaki oqo.
\par 
\par (Signed)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 -}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
CAKOBAU R.
\par 
\par [Translation]
\par 
\par UNTO HER MAJESTY QUEEN OF BRITAIN \endash  
\par 
\par We, King of Fiji, together with other high Chiefs of Fiji, hereby give our country, Fiji, unreservedly to Her Britannic Majesty Queen of Great Britain and Ireland; 
and we trust and repose fully in Her that she will rule Fiji justly and affectionately, that we may continue to live in peace and prosperity.
\par 
\par And we, desiring these conferences may terminate well and satisfactorily request Her Britannic Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Ambassad
or unto us, Sir Hercules George Robert Robinson, will confer with our advisers who have our confidence in these matters.
\par 
\par (Signed)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 -}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
CAKOBAU R
\par D. WILKINSON, Chief Interpreter
\par 
\par II
\par 
\par INSTRUMENT OF CESSION of the Islands of Fiji by Thakombau, styled Tui Viti a
nd Vunivalu, and by the other high Chiefs of the said Islands to Her Most Gracious Majesty Victoria, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Queen, Defender of the Faith, &c., &c., &c. 
\par 
\par WHEREAS divers subjects of Her Majesty
 the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland have from time to time settled in the Fijian group of Islands, and have acquired property, or certain pecuniary interests therein; AND WHEREAS the Fijian Chief Thakombau, styled Tui Viti and Vunivalu, and other high
 
Chiefs of the said islands, are desirous of securing the promotion of civilisation and Christianity, and of increasing trade and industry within the said Islands; AND WHEREAS it is obviously desirable in the interests as well of the native as of the white
 
population, that order and good government should be established therein; AND WHEREAS the said Tui Viti and other high Chiefs have conjointly and severally requested Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland aforesaid to undertake the government 
o
f the said islands henceforth; AND WHEREAS, in order to (sic) the establishment of British Government within the said islands, the said Tui Viti and other the several high Chiefs thereof, for themselves and their respective tribes, have agreed to cede the
 
possession of, and the dominion and sovereignty over the whole of the said islands, and over the inhabitants thereof, and have requested Her said Majesty to accept such Cession, - which Cession the said Tui Viti and other high Chiefs, relying upon the jus
t
ice and generosity of Her said Majesty, have determined to tender unconditionally, - and which Cession on the part of the said Tui Viti and other high Chiefs is witnessed by the execution of these presents, and by the formal surrender of the said territor
y
 to Her said Majesty; AND WHEREAS His Excellency Sir HERCULES GEORGE ROBERT ROBINSION, Knight Commander of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, Governor, Commander-in-Chief, and Vice-Admiral of the British Colony of New South Wa
les and its Dependencies, and Governor of Norfolk Island, hath been authorised and deputed by Her said Majesty to accept on Her behalf the said Cession:-
\par 
\par NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS, --
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14372425 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14372425 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 That the possession of, an
d full sovereignty and dominion over, the whole of the Group of Islands in the South Pacific Ocean, known as the Fijis (and lying between the parallels of latitude of fifteen degrees south, and twenty-two degrees south of the Equator, and between the meri
d
ian of longitude of one hundred and seventy-seven degrees west, and one hundred and seventy-five degrees east of the meridian of Greenwich), and over the inhabitants thereof, and of and over all ports, harbors, havens, roadsteads, rivers, estuaries, and o
t
her waters, and all reefs and foreshores within or adjacent thereto, are hereby ceded to, and accepted on behalf of, Her said Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, Her Heirs and Successors, to the intent that from this time forth the said island
s, and the waters, reefs, and other places as aforesaid, lying within or adjacent thereto, may be annexed to, and be a Possession and Dependency of the British Crown.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14372425 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14372425 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 That the form of Constitution of Government, the means of the maintenance thereof, and
 the laws and regulations to be administered within the said islands, shall be such as Her Majesty shall prescribe and determine.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14372425 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14372425 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 That, pending the making by Her Majesty as aforesaid, of some more permanent provision for the Government of the said isla
nds, His Excellency Sir HERCULES GEORGE ROBERT ROBINSON, in pursuance of the powers in him vested, and with the consent and at the request of the said Tui Viti and other high Chiefs, the ceding parties hereto, shall establish such temporary or provisional
 Government as to him shall seem meet.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14372425 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14372425 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 That the absolute proprietorship of all lands, not shown to be now alienated, so as to have become }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 bona fide}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 the property of Europeans or other Foreigners, or not now in the actual use or occupation of some Chief or tribe, or not actually required for the probable future support and maintenance of some Chief or tribe, shall be and is hereby declared to be veste
d in Her said Majesty, Her Heirs and Successors.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14372425 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14372425 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
That Her Majesty shall have power, whenever it shall be deemed necessary for public purposes, to take any lands upon payment to the proprietor of a reasonable sum by way of compensation for the deprivation thereof.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14372425 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14372425 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
That all the existing public buildings, houses, and offices, all enclosures and other pieces or parcels of land now set apart, or being used for public purposes, and stores, fittings, and other articles now being used in connection with such
 purposes, are hereby assigned, transferred and made over to her said Majesty.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14372425 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14372425 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 That on behalf of Her Majesty, His Excellency Sir HERCULES GEORGE ROBERT ROBINSON promises (1.)}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 That the rights and interests of the said Tui Viti and other high Chiefs, the
 Ceding parties hereto, shall be recognised so far as is consistent with British sovereignty, and colonial form of government.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
(2.) That all questions of financial liabilities and engagements shall be scrutinised, and dealt with upon principles of justice and sound public policy.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
(3.) That all claims to titles of land, by whomsoever preferred, and all claims to pensions or allowances, whether on the part of the said Tui Viti and other high Chiefs or of persons now holding office under them or any of them, s
hall in due course be fully investigated and equitably adjusted.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the whole of the contents of this instrument of Cession having been, previously to the execution of the same, interpreted and explained to the Ceding parties hereto, by D
avid Wilkinson, Esquire, the interpreter nominated by the said Tui Viti and the other high Chiefs and accepted as such interpreter by the said Sir Hercules George Robert Robinson, the respective parties hereto have hereunto set their Hands and Seals.

\par 
\par Done at Levuka, this tenth day of October, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
\par 
\par (Sd)\tab CAKOBAU R, Tui Viti and Vunivalu\tab (L.S.)
\par \tab MAAFU\tab (L.S.)
\par \tab TUI CAKAU\tab (L.S.)
\par \tab RATU EPELI\tab (L.S.)
\par \tab VAKAWALETABUA, TUI BUA\tab (L.S.)
\par \tab SAVENACA\tab (L.S.)
\par \tab ISIKELI\tab (L.S.)
\par \tab ROKO TUI DREKETI\tab (L.S.)
\par \tab NACAGILEVU\tab (L.S.)
\par \tab RATU KINI\tab (L.S.)
\par \tab RITOVA\tab (L.S.)
\par \tab KATUNIVERE\tab (L.S.)
\par \tab MATANITOBUA\tab (L.S.)
\par 
\par (Sd)\tab HERCULES ROBINSON\tab (L.S.)
\par 
\par I hereby certify that, prior to the execution of the above instrument of Cession, which Execu
tion I do hereby attest, I fully and faithfully interpreted and explained to the Ceding parties hereto, the whole of the contents of the said document (the several interlineations on page\tab line and on page\tab  line\tab 
 of the manuscript having first been made), and that such contents were fully understood, and assented to by the said Ceding parties.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Prior to the execution of the said instrument of Cession, I wrote out an interpretation of the same in the Fijian language, which interpretation I read to the several Chiefs, who one and all approved thereof.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A copy of such interpretation is hereto annexed, marked A.
\par 
\par Dated this 10th day of October, A. D. 1874
\par (Signed)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 D. Wilkinson, Chief Interpreter
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\brdrb\brdrs\brdrw15\brsp20 \aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15409754 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15409754\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A I VOLA \endash VEIVOSAKI NI SOLIA na, vei yanuyanu ko Viti, Ko ira na v
univalu ko Cakobau, ko na Tui Viti vata kei ira na kena Turaga lelevu era sa soli Viti, ki vua na Marama levu ka dau-loloma, ko Vikitoria e na loloma ni Kalou sa Tui ka dau maroroya na lotu dina ni Peritania levu kei Airaladi.
\par 
\par Me vaka:- Ni sa so na kai Papalagi na nona tamata na Tui Piritania levu kei Airaladi, era sa mai tiko e na veiyanuyanu ko Viti, e na vei gauna e so, ka ra sa rawata mai kina na vanua eso kei nay au talega.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Ia ko ira na Vunivalu ko Cakobau na Tui Viti, vata kei ira na kena Turaga lele
vu, kai Taukei ni vei yanuyanu oqo, era sa gadreva ka qara me yaco rawa vakavinaka nav aka Sivilaisesoni, kei na Lotu, ka me tubu cake devaki na tiko vinaka, na veiyole, na gumatua ni rawa yau, e na vei yanuyanu oqori.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Ka ni sa macala vaka sigalevu ni sa k
a yaga vei ira na lewenivanua Taukei kei ira na kai Papalagi me yaco tu ga mai kina, na lewa vinaka vaka Matanitu, kei na tiko vinaka.
\par 
\par Ia ni sa lomadra dina kina, era sa taroga ka kerea ko ira na Tui Viti kei ira yadua na kena Turaga lelevu, vua na Marama
 dauloloma na Tui ni Piritania Levu kei Airaladi, me mai taura na lewa vaka Matanitu mai na gauna oqo, ka me vakatura kina ni lewa vaka Piritania e na vei yanuyanu oqo era sa solia ko na Tui Viti vata kei ira na kena turaga lelevu ni ra sa loma vata kina 
me ra solia, era sa roqota ka musuka vua na Marama ka kerea me vakadonuya ka taura ko koya, ni ra sa qai solia Viti Walega vua na Marama ko ira na Tui Viti kei ira na kena Turaga lelevu ni ra sa vakararavi kin a nona lewa dodonu kei na nona dau veilomani.

\par 
\par Ia sa caka nai vola oqo me kenai vakata-kila ka me macala kina ni sa nodra cakacaka vakai ira ga, ko na Tui Viti, kei na kena Turaga lelevu, ka sa kenai solisoli, kai kaukau me musuka kina vua na Marama.
\par 
\par Ia ni sa lesi na Turaga vinaka ko Sir Hercules Geor
ge Robert Robinson, Knight Commander of the Most Honourable Order of Commander of the Most Honorable Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, Kovana, ka nodra Turaga na Turaga ni valu main a yasana vaka Piritania, ko Welesi Vou mai na Ceva (e yak o Siteni
), kei na kena veivanua ka Kovana ni yanuyanu ko Novoka.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Ia ni sa lesia ko na Marama ka talai koya mai me mai cakava na kena cakacaka e na yacana, ka me taura ka vakadonuya nai vola oqo e ka sa solia kina na vanua na vei yanuyanu ko Viti.
\par 
\par Ia sai koya oqo na ka sa vakatakilai e nai vola oqo, sav aka.
\par 
\par Ai Matai \endash  Ia san a taura tiko na veiyanuyanu oqo ko Viti vakai Taukei sar ko na Marama, vata kei na kena lewa vakaturaga vaka Tui, me yacova na kena vei yalayala, me vaka sa volai tu oqo.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Ia ko Viti sa tiko ma
in a tikini vuravura e na wasawasa na yacana ko Pesivika Osani kin a ceva ia na kena vei yalayala me vaka sa vola tu e na kena Mapi ena yasai vuravura kin a ceva nai ka 15\'b0 ni Latitute i ceva, kei nai ka 22\'b0
 ni Latitute i ceva ga ni wilika main a vei mama kei vuravura.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Ian a vei yalayala main a Ra mai nai ka 177\'b0 ni Ra, ki nai ka 175\'b0
 ni Tokalau (se na tui cake,) ko yaruarua ni wili main a meritiani ni koro ko Kirinesi qori na kena vei Yalayala kei Viti, ka sa solia vata, ko ira na Lewenivanua kecega sa tik
o mai kina, kei na kena Waitui sav akavolivolita, kei na kena vei Toba, se daveta, se kelekele ni Waqa, se uciwai, se drakaniwai, e ya na wai kecega, kei na cakau kece, kei na Baravi, se matasawa kece, kei na kena ka kece tale me vaka sat u kina, se volek
a
 kina, sa yalataki ka solia sara oqo, ka sa vakadonuya talega me taura tiko na Marama na Tui ni Piritania levu keei Airaladi kei ira san a tarava e na nonai tutu vaka Tui, me vaka oqo e ya main a gauna oqo ka yacova na veigauna mai muri ka tawa mudu, me s
a vanua vaka Piritania na vei yanuyanu oqo ko Viti, na kena wai, na kena cakau kece talega sat u kina, se voleka kina, se sa volita, me nona vakai Taukei dina sara, ka me vakarorogo kin a Lewa vaka Tui ni Piritania.
\par 
\par Ai ka rua \endash  Ia sa na lewa ga na Marama na kenai valavala, se ai tovo, ni lewa vaka Matanitu sa yaga me vokaturi mai kina e ya me rawati Viti vinaka, kei na vei ka me rawa kina na kena gacagaca ka me sauma rawa kina na kena cakacaka vaka Matanitu.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Kei na vei Lawa, se lewa me vakatura, ka vakayacora kina e na vei Yanuyanu oqo ko Viti. 
\par 
\par Ai ka tolu \endash  Ia ni sa bera mai na nona lewa na Marama me vaka sa tukuna e cake, e ya nai tutu dina ni lewa vaka Matanitu, e na vei yanuyanu oqo ko Viti.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Era sa kerea, ko na Tui Viti kei na kena Turaga lelevu e yak o
 ira sa kitaka ka vakayacora na soli vanua oqo, ki vua na Turaga sa talai mai na Marama, ko Sir Hercules George Robert Robinson, me vaka na nonai lesilesi sat aura tu oqo ko koya, e ra sa kerea vua me lewa ka vakatura na lewa vaka Matanitu, e na gauna ga 
e daidai e na veiyanuyanu oqo ko Viti, ia me vaka e nanuma ko koya sa na yaga kina.
\par 
\par Ai ka va \endash  E na vuku ni vanua i Viti ko ya sa volitaki oti vei ira na kai Papalagi e so, ni ran a tukuna ni sa nodra, ka sa macala mai na kena veitarotarogi ni sa dina sara
, ni nodra vaka dodonu se ko ya e ra sat aura tiko ko ira na turaga e so, se mataqali, se ko ira na lewenivanua taukei e ya ni sa vakayagataka tiko oqo, se ni na qai vota vei ira na Turaga, se mataqali, se lewenivanua me rauti ira vinaka na tamata yadua, 
e na gauna oqo ka me na rauti ira vinaka e na vei gauna mai muri.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Ian a vanua sa vo ni sa votai oti vaka, sa yalataki ka sa solia sara oqoki vua na Marama, me nona dina sara vakai Taukei vaka turaga, vata kei ira sa na tarava e na nonai tutu vakatui.
\par 
\par Ai ka lima \endash  ia kevaka sa na yaga e dua na tikinivanua ki na Matanitu se kena cakacaka, e na dua na gauna mai muri, ka sa vanua vakai Taukei, sa na qai rawarawa ka tara vua na Marama me taura na tikinivanua ko ya ka vakayagataka kina.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Ia ka sa na sauma vaka dodonu vua nai Taukei ni sa kauta tani mai vua na kena vanua.
\par 
\par Ai ka ono.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
E na vuku ni ka ni Matanitu oqo i Viti, e ya na vei vale kece na vei tikini vanua sat aura tu se vakayagataka tiko e na ka vaka Matanitu na kena yau, se yaya, se gacagaca se dua tale na
 ka, sa tauri ka vakayagataki tiko se vakatokai me ka vaka Matanitu ni Viti sa qai solia vata talega vua na Marama me nona dina, ka me kenai Taukei, ka me vakayagataka, ko koya.
\par 
\par Ai ka vitu \endash  Sa tolu na ka sa yalataka oqo ko Sir Hercules George Robert Robinson, ena yacana na Marama, me na vakabau mai muri (Ai matai).}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
E na vukudra na Tui Viti kei ira na kena Turaga lelevu era sa cakava, ka solia oqo, sa na vakabau tiko, ka vakadinadinataka na nodra tutu vaka turaga, ka maroroya na nodra ka yadua, ia me vaka 
ga e rawa ka kilikili kei na lewa vakatui ni Piritania vaka Matanitu sa dau vakatura e na kenai vei vanua kisau, e ya vaka sa na qai vakaturi i Viti mai na gauna oqo (Ai ka rua).}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 E na vuku ni dinau ni Matanitu kevaka sat u e dua mai vola-veivosaki ka sa ku
nea ni sac aka dodonu ni sa veitarotaroga vakalailai vakavinaka ka na qai lewa kina me vakadonuya vaka ga, sa dodonu, ka yaga kei na lewa vakavuku ka deivaka (Ai ka tolu).}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 E na vuku ni vanua sa volitaki, se soli oti ni ran a qai tukuna, se taroga ko ira na
 tamata ni ra sai tuakei ni tikini vanua e so ka vaka me vakadinadina taki vei ira sa na qai vakataroga sara me kila na dina, ia ena vukudra talega, na Turaga san a vakai tavi e na cakacaka ni Matanitu ka vaka me dua na kedrai sau se vakavakacegu main a n
odrai tavi se ko ira na Tui Viti, kei ira na kena turaga lelevu kece se so vei ira san a vakataroga talega ka me lewa dodonu kina e na kena gauna.
\par 
\par SAI VAKATAKILAI nai vola oqo ni ra sa vakadinadinataka ko ira na Turaga sa cakava, ni sa laveta oti mada kin 
a vosavakaviti ko Tevita Wilikinisoni ko koya era sa lesia ko na Tui Viti kei ira na Turaga lelevu, ka sa vakabauta talega ko Sir Hercules George Robert Robinson, na Kovana me kena dau lavi vosa kina, ka sa wilika, ka vakamacalataka oti ko koya ki vei ira
 kece e na vosa vakaviti ni sa bera ni ra tabaka.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Era sa qai vakadinadinataka ko ira yadua na turaga e na ligadra dina kei na nodra sili, ni ra lomadina kin a ka era sa cakava oqo.
\par Sa caka ka vakayacora mai Levuka, e nai ka tini ni siga ni vula ko Okotopa ni yabaki ni nodra Turagi e dua na udolu ka walu na drau ka vitusagavulu ka va.
\par 
\par ----------------------------------
\par 
\par This is the document marked A referred to by me in my certificate of attestation and interpretation at the foot of the instrument of cession.
\par D. WILKINSON
\par Chief Interpreter
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 INDEPENDENCE
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5918976\charrsid4988722 [60]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 On }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 10 October 1970}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , the British Crown returned to the peoples of this country their right to self government.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Fiji Independence Act 1970 [Cap 1]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  provides by }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s 1(1)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  that on and after }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 10th October 1970}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 the appointed day}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Her Majesty}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Government of the United Kingdom shall have no responsibility for the government of Fiji}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6947836\charrsid4988722 [61]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Fiji Independence Order 1970}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  which revoked previous Orders by Her Majesty in Council and gave effect to the new Constitution provided by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s 5}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 :
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par 5(1)\tab The revocation of the existing Orders shall be without prejudice to the continued operation of any existing laws made, or having effect 
as if they had been made, under any of those Orders: and the existing laws shall have effect on and after the appointed day as if they had been made in pursuance of the Constitution and shall be construed with such modifications, adaptations, qualificatio
ns and exceptions as may be necessary to bring them into conformity with the Fiji Independence Act 1970 and this Order.
\par 
\par (5)\tab It is hereby declared, for the avoidance of doubt, that, save as otherwise provided either expressly or by necessary implication, nothing in this Order shall be construed as affecting the continued operation of any existing law.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
HISTORY OF THE SUVA LANDS & PEOPLE
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6947836\charrsid4988722 [62]\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 According to the Plaintiffs, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Yavusa Nauluvatu}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Vatuwaqa}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Nayavumata}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  had occupied the Suva peninsula from time immemorial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Yavusa Nauluvatu and Vatuwaqa owned land from the sea coast to the Waiqariti Creek.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Yavusa Nayavumata owned land from Waiqariti Creek to the border with what are now Tamavua lands owned jointly with }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Mataqali Tuicolo}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  of Tamavua.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6947836\charrsid4988722 [63]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The three tribes had to flee from their lands in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
1843}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  because of an attack by Rewa, Vuna and Lami forces.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
They regained their lands in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 1846}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  with the help of Chief Cakobau.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The following paragraphs give the details of the origins of the Suva people and their struggle for their lands.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6947836\charrsid4988722 [64]\tab }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Colman Wall}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , in two papers entitled }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Sketches in Fijian History}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Exhibit P14, Parts 1& 2, tabs 1& 2, p 15; \'93
Historical Notes on Suva (Part 1) and (Part 2)\'94 edited by Paul Geraghty.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , read to the Fijian Society on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 25 May 1919}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , recorded the history of Suva and the great war between Rewa and Bau.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
However, before I quote from the paper I remind myself of the author}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s caveat}{
\cs22\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Op. cit, Part 2, p 28.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 :
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The turning into writt
en history of oral traditions must always present many difficulties, and the fact that one speaks an alien tongue does not make matters easier; and neither does the search for elusive dates, nor trying to put on record Melanesian names that refuse to be s
pelled, even phonetically; so the reader must excuse this narrative if it at times seems rugged and desultory.
\par 
\par But, after all, I and those who are working with me are but as workers quarrying out blocks that the edifice may be built, and so long as we do this faithfully we can safely leave the carving and polishing of the stones to other times, and other hands.

\par 
\par Most of the facts recorded in this paper are well known
, and can be verified by reference to contemporary writers; the incidents that connect them together I got from old natives of Suva, most of whom are now dead, and coming from such a source may have been naturally affected by their feelings and prejudices
 as clansmen, so that when we get the story from other sources a different light may be thrown on some parts of it.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I have added nothing to the narrative, even the translations of the speeches at Uluvatu and Bau are literal.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
In rendering names into English I have tried rather to give the idea they conveyed to the mind of the natives, than to translate them literally.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6947836\charrsid4988722 [65]\tab }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Colman Wall }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 records}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Op. cit, Part 1, p 15 onwards.}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  the early history of Suva as follows:
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par The promontory of Suva lies between Suva and
 Laucala Bays, and its hinterland stretches north to the Waimanu River; on the east it reaches geographically, but no period politically, to the Rewa River; while the chiefs of Suva, even in the old days, exercised little authority westward of the Tamavua
 River, and the line of the old Colo-i-Suva Road.
\par 
\par The present race of Suva people claim to have crossed the central tableland of Navitilevu from Saivou, on its northern slope, above the Vitilevu bay, their leader being Tabanimakoveve (branch of the crooked
 mako tree), who on the male side is claimed to have been an immediate descendant of Degei, and hence was of chiefly rank, and so his person was sacred so that no-one of lesser rank dared attempt to strike him even in open warfare, while his mother was a 
princess of the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 veli}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , or dwarf race, the primitive inhabitants of Fiji.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
This lady, as was customary, introduced into the Suvan clan her own tribal worship of Na Leka (the short one), who was supposed to become visible to his votaries as a small white dog.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The dog, pig, rat, and domestic fowl were coeval inhabitants with man in all the larger South Sea Islands.
\par 
\par The first migration of the clan southward towards Suva would seem to have taken place in the earlier stage of Melanesian settlement in Fiji.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I have had several natives attempt to give me a list of the hundred children, or probably companions, of Degei.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 None of them were very satisfactory, but all coincided in the scarcity of female names recorded, which is what one might naturally expect amongst a part
y of Melanesians flying in defeat from some western home.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 And this fact helps to explain Tabanimakovere}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s maternity.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Besides the veli race has so long been extinct on this island as to have become in part mythical, and have almost been finally blotted from history by some old-time beachcomber Celt (perhaps Charley Connor), who dubbed them fairies.
\par 
\par By successive stages, most probably at different times, and evidently from the number of sub-clan names in distinct bodies, the Suva people reaches the district 
lying to the south of the Waimanu River, and here they planted and fished and build frail villages, whose names even are forgotten, but they gradually moved down towards the sea, for a time stopping about Tamavua and at Rairainawaqa (in after days for lon
g the home of Cuthbert family), and finally settled on the high land the present lunatic Asylum, their citadel being the steep gray rock of Uluvatu that rises sheer up from the waters of Walu Bay.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 On the very top of this hill four mounds are still as intact as they were nearly one hundred years ago when the place was abandoned, they are the }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 yavu}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  on which the great houses stood.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 That nearest the road was the site of the harem or dwelling of the great ladies, close to it is the site of the chief}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s house, immed
iately in front of this is the house or hall of council where the old veteran chiefs lived, and a little below it is the site of the temple of the god Ro Vonu (the turtle); all of the mounds showing by their rounded shape that the buildings on them were o
f the old conical design, while the absence of anything like the site of a kitchen sows that they cooked in earth ovens in the open air, for pottery and cooking pots were alike unknown to the old Fijian Melanesian.
\par 
\par Cunningly hidden amongst trees at the landward side of the bluff was the cave of refuge for the women and children in times of danger (there is hardly a hill town to be found without one).}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The burial place of the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 itaukei}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
, (landowners), was on a shelf of the cliff, while the burial place of the chiefs was in a cave in Sealark Hill, on the other side of Walu Bay, now demolished, and the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 matasawa}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  (landing place for canoes) was in Walu Bay amongst the mangroves at the foot of the cliff.
\par 
\par The whole place is a natural stronghold.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 On the side next to Wal
u Bay, and along above the Lunatic Asylum the rocky sides are precipitous, along the Reservoir Road, the}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
only open side, still may be traced the line of the old defensive moat, while on the east it was protected by the deep gully cut by the Dukulu, which little creek flows across the Waimanu Road and falls into Walu Bay.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 On the flat between the top of the caves and the road were the dwellings of the }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 itaukei}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , those of the kai Walu or fisherman being nearest the sea, and here is still to be seen the yavu (mou
nd) on which formerly stood the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 burenisa}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 (club house) of the warriors, which helped to strengthen this side of the town.
\par 
\par The vicinity of the cave of refuge, and the little fern-strewn glen leading to it, was once one of the beauty spots of Suva, as it is now its lasting disgrace.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The little glen has been crossed by the ugly embankment of a tramline, and is strewn with the detritus of a quarry, the trees that hid the cave have been cut down, one side of the cave seems to have been blown in, and the whole pl
ace is disfigured with mud and fragments of stone.
\par 
\par The view from Uluvatu in the old days must have been wonderfully beautiful; the smooth silver waters of the bay lay at its feet stretching out to the long line of white foam on the outer reef, with every shallow and rock pictured}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 out as clearly as in a painting, nothing disturbing their calm loneliness save the birdlike passage of some sailing canoe.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The western side of the bay has been but little altered, Joske}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Peak showing a little indistinctly against the higher background, but Shark}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Fin Hill stands out clearly over a depression in the range, whole the huge bulk of double-lipped Korobaba towers over all.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Seaward lies Beqa, the home of the fire walkers, and 
on a clear day, one may see far to the southward the mountain tops in eastern Kadavu; but the eastern side of the bay (where now the red roofs of Suva show out so sharply from surrounding trees), was then one unbroken mass of verdure of all the varying hu
es of green that the tropics alone know of: }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ivi}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
vutu}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , and breadfruit, with occasional clumps of }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 vesi}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
, while here and there along the beach the denseness of the main mass of foliage was relieved by the ceaseless movement of graceful frondage of the coconut.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 And it is this thick mass of bush, from its backbone ridge of hills to the waters of the bay, that gave the whole side of the promontory the name of Muanikau, or }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Point of the Trees}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ;
}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 that name is now restricted to the extreme end of it beyond Nasese, tho
ugh now about there, as in a Scottish deer forest, the trees are conspicuous by their absence.
\par 
\par It was mainly the attempt of the early settlers of the Polynesian Company to turn this side of the bay into a sugar plantation that was responsible for the change.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 For a time the attempt seemed successful, but no sooner was the light layer of soil covering the co-called }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 soapstone}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 exposed to the action of the sun, and the tropic rains, than it crumbled up and was washed away, and left only the bare stretches of soapstone rock with which we are so familiar.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 But this rock, containing as it does traces of phosphate, when broken up and exposed to the weather, can in a warm moist climate like Fiji easily support plant life.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 But many of the trees now seen about Suva are introduced, not indigenous.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Still, if we are to understand the story of old Suva alright, the presence of the original forest must be carefully borne in mind.
\par 
\par As the population of Uluvatu increased, partly from natural causes and partly by the accession
 of units from other clans (an instance of the latter being a section of the Nacokaika people who settled for a time at Bawalai, near Tamavua, and afterwards joined in the exodus to Vatuwaqa) a new settlement and new planting grounds became necessary, and
 the site fixed on was the hill then known as Vatuwaqa, now better know as Flagstaff Hill.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Unlike Uluvatu, it could boast of no rock citadel but its steep clay sides, rising from the low flats between it and Laucala Bay made it a natural fortress, and on th
e other sides it was protected where necessary by huge earthern ramparts, parts of which still remain.
\par 
\par The road from Uluvatu to Vatuwaqa led down to the creek Dukura just above the spot where it falls suddenly into Walu Bay, where either nature or man has cut away its steep sides to the level of the bed of the creek.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 This spot was the scene of an incident in the opening years of the last century that is till well remembered.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The then chief was standing here listening to the tale of a scout, when suddenly some of the great ladies of Rewa appeared on the top of the bank on their way to the town, and the chief,
 in order to leave the path clear for them, partly out of courtesy, and in part bravado, sprung backwards over the chasm, though the least slip in landing meant death on the rocks below, or what a Fijian dreads still worse, permanent disfigurement; but al
l went well, and to this day the spot is known to his tribesmen as }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Roko Saketa}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Leap}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .
\par 
\par From here the trail struck eastward across the paddocks to the Waimanu Road, which it followed for a little, and crossing behind the late Mr Leslie Brown}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s house, came on down Amy Street till it reached the easily-forded waters of the Nubukalou Creek.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 All the land lying between the Waimanu Road and Walu Bay was in the olden days called Waluwalu, from the kai Walu, or fisher clan, who used it constantly, though they dwel
t in the town above.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Cuthbert}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s paddock was called Vunibaka, from a large banyan tree that grew there, from whose branches the spirit bodies of still-born children were supposed to hang by their feet like flying foxes. Toorak was known as Nadruku; and on t
he east side of the Fiji track, opposite the head of Toorak Road, were the plantations for supplying food to visitors.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Mr Sturt}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s land was known as Naivua, the site of Hon Henry Marks}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  house and the land about it were called Vunidogolai, while the land fro
m Johnson Street to the Maris College termed Nailawa, it being the planting ground of the kai Naqiomila, who remained at Uluvatu after the others had left for Vatuwaqa, but eventually rejoined them in old Suva.
\par 
\par The ford across the Nubukalou is or was till
 lately marked by a blasted stump just above the bridge; the reason probably of the crossing being so low down was that it was convenient to the pool of Naisamuni, where the creek falls suddenly into the swamp, below here being in old days a favourite fis
hing ground of the Fijians.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
In former days this swamp covered all the land between Ellery Street and the creek, and the present site of the kerosene depot, the creek side of Cumming Street, and a good deal of Renwick Street, while both timber yards were mud
 flats dry at half-tide, in fact the late Captain Curran gained the Humane Society}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s medal for rescuing a woman from the cutter Suva that was driven ashore in a hurricane where Brown and Joske}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s copra store now stands.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 From the ford the track turned up Kno
llys Street, and passing through what are no paddocks and half-formed roads crossed Rewa Street to the foot of the steep ascent to the town of Vatuwaqa, now almost impossible in wet weather.
\par 
\par Another track led from the old Navuna towns, Tacirua near Tamavu
a and Naivuivui near Colo-i-Suva, keeping well to the eastward of the Suvan trail, and crossing the creek well above the Naisamuni fall, and there was a good reason for this for the two clans seldom met but a skirmish ensued.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In one of these at Naisereni n
ear the top of the right hand side of the road to Laucala Bay is a gully where Maravola [?] a Suvan was slain, and another was killed in the gully which was known as Kacinavuaka, right opposite Mr Sturt}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}
{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s steps;}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 the object of the Navuna people in these for
ays was partly pig-hunting and part bravado.
\par 
\par When a Fijian speaks of Vatuwaqa, the always, in old days at least, alluded to the town on Flagstaff Hill, and to nowhere else; it started as an overflow town from Uluvatu, but soon rivaled it in importance.
\par 
\par The position of this place, almost impregnable, was further strengthened by }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ikeli }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
(earthworks) some of which still remain; and climbing up the steep track from Rewa Street one reaches the spot where once stood the great }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 burenisa}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  (club-house) of the warriors, built here as an aid to the defences, and near it still lies the sacred stone of Radi Vatudavilai.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Further on was the town of the priests where formerly stood the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 burekalou}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  (temple), whose site is marked by the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 killing stone}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , this was also the burial place of the chiefs; and further east was Korolevu, or the main town, with its }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 rara}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 (assembly ground) where once stood the sacred tavola tree, whose twisted root is now in the Museum; and where the mound sacred to Tui Lakawa may still be traced.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 While near the flagstaff was Nacovi the town of the chiefs, where the mound on which the great chief}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s house stood is still conspicuous.
\par 
\par The view from Vatuwaqa though differing much form that from Uluvatu is no less beautiful.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In clear weather the hills o
f Gau 50 miles to the eastward are plainly visible, while further north, across the low-lying lands of the Rewa delta, rise up the peaks of Ovalau, and nearly due south the island of Ono off Kadavu is conspicuous.
\par 
\par Off the point on the further side of the bay lies }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Makuluvu islet}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , the dangerous Frenchman}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s Reef jutting eastwards from it; it gets its name from the Rev Father Aubry, one of the pioneer Catholic missionaries, who was wrecked and drowned here when returning from Kadavu, and who was laid to rest i
n the little burial place on the neighbouring island of Nukulau; \'85 In the passage on the reef opposite, the Sydney whaling ship Solomon Saltus drifted ashore and was wrecked in 1852.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Between here and Laucala Point lies the reef where the shark god Dakuwaqa
 fought and killed the great sea serpent, and to the eastward of the point took place the naval fight between the great double canoes of Kadavu and Bau where Seru, afterwards known as Cakobau, killed his first man. On the point itself was long a European 
settlement, with its sawmill and boat-builders sheds, for it was hardly healthy to dwell much nearer Rewa town.
\par 
\par The Catholic Mission would seem to have had a station here at one time, for once when several parties of us were forced to take refuge by the we
ather at Naqara in the home of that most hospitable of all hospitable Yankees, old Ezra Work, I recollect Father Breheret telling us with glee how he had boarded a French man-of-war lying in the bay, and secured a left-handed sailmaker}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s palm or thimble, for the grand old missionary was left-handed from childhood.
\par .
\par .
\par The old road from Vatuwaqa to the sea did not follow the line of the Flagstaff Road, but led down the steep earth cliff on the eastern side of the town to the mouth of the creek, crossing the Wailuvea rivulet which flows into the sea through Mr Turner}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
grounds, where it was known as Wailewete.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
On the left side of the track was the land called Veiruku, covered then by taro and via plantations, while on the other side of the road lay Veidogo, a 
marshy flat covered on its lower parts by mangroves, and on its higher by dense growth of ivi trees, but this tract has long since been silted up, the result of floods carrying down mud from the Rewa, and wind-drifted sand, and is now covered with Indian 
settlements and rice fields.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The point where the Flagstaff Road reaches the beach was known as Muanivatu (Rocky Point), and the sandy beach there and reaching to the mouth of the creek was termed Nukuleka.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It was the scene of the skirmish that led to the se
cond Vuna war, and the point at the mouth of the creek was called Ucuisinekudre, from the name of the Vuna warrior who was killed in the fray by Koli; and the whole coastline from here to Muanikau was called Dakuniwai.
\par 
\par Right at the mouth of the creek in t
he pool where the canoes formerly anchored, is a large flat rock on which the pier of the bridge now rests, and having some fanciful resemblance to a boat it was termed Vatuwaqa; it gave its name to the creek and to the great town above, but most decidedl
y not to the district lying about it; that usage is purely modern.
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Anyone who wants to know how well hidden was a Fijian cave of refuge in olden days can try to locate Qara ni Vatuwaqa; if you follow the road past the wireless station towards the bridge ti
ll you come to the last Fijian house, and then strike right in along its southern gable, and then go about 50 yards south-east you will see the low mouth of it \endash  that is, if you were born lucky.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I have been in it twice, but would not guarantee to locate it again.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The mouth is hardly 2 feet high, though of a fair width, so that you have to crawl in, but once inside it is roomy.
\par 
\par A little to the right of the end of Flagstaff Road, on the sands of the beach, was formerly a large flat stone called Kolovia, now 
converted into a road metal, round which the young braves of Vatuwaqa used to march in all their panoply of paint and training malo, till at length one of them became kalou (possessed by a spirit), when he started in to raise Donnybrook.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The fun was never allowed to become too furious, and when everyone}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s honour was satisfied, the heroes retired to have their bruises dressed by the admiring damsels.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par The roads all round those parts of Suva are simply magnificent, and though I wish they would knock off using the hill of Uluvatu as a quarry I must certainly confess that the Works Department are making splendid use of the sacrilegious spoils.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par Round near the old race-course, not far from Mr Turner}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s residence, still stands the old moat an
d rampart (once surmounted by a war fence) of the town of Muanikau, and fortunately being the property of a gentleman who values everything connected with old Fiji they are long likely to remain intact from the hands of vandals; it was an old settlement o
f Fiji carpenters who cut out here the planks, keel-pieces, and steering oars for the canoes that were afterwards put together on the white beach inside Quarantine Island, near Mr. Anderson}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s place.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 There was no fixed town there, but huts were put up for th
e carpenters from time to time when canoe building was in progress.
\par 
\par Vesi trees were at one time plentiful on the point and its vicinity, which will account for a carpenters}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 town at Muanikau; and the little extinct volcano}{\cs22\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  The author is assured by Peter
 Rhodda, of the Mineral Resources Department, that there is no volcano in that vicinity, so it must have been a different natural feature shaped like a volcano.}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 known as Mission Hill, or Delanivatu, whose crater has long since been filled in, was at one time used by the townsmen as a fort, and the land at its foot was known as Niubale.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The general name for Mr. Turner}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s estate was Naiveibaga.
\par 
\par The hill and some of the ground round it was afterwards purchased by the Wesleyan Mission, and the Rev Mr Moore, wh
ose residence was on the top of it, started here a Native Training College, which was afterwards transferred to Navuloa, and eventually to Davuilevu.
\par 
\par After the Suva people had removed from their old hill forts, and built the town of Suva on the site of th
e present Botanical Gardens, and perhaps even before that event, the spirits after death were supposed to bathe in the little creek called Valeiwai, which runs into the sea at Draiba, and then proceed to Nacibicibi, the point of the sands opposite Mr Turn
er}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s house, bare at low water.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Here they invoked the spirit of the channel leading from Suva to Laucala bays, calling out }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Daveta lako mai, lako main a waqa,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 and on his approaching in his canoe, the Spirit of the Passage would ask, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Which end am I to put a
shore, the vesi (chiefs) or the breadfruit (commoners) one,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 and on being answered, he beached the end named, and the spirit going on board was ferried to Bulu, the Land of the Dead.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The beach about Mr Riemenschneider}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s place was known as Nasese, from the 
waves breaking there; the natives say the surf there is now much less than in olden times.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
This may be due to the gradual growth of the outer reef.
\par 
\par Two roads led down from Vatuwaqa to the old town of Suva, both through Rewa Street, and then one of them forked off through the Hon HM Scott}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s paddock (Nadrewa), and down Cakobau Road.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
This one is closely connected with the story of the second Vuna war, but we can leave it for the present.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The other
 followed the line of McGregor Road, and came out on the beach near the Church of England.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The land about the Masonic Hall was termed Qoromataka, from the spirit who dwelt there, and whose duty it was to announce the coming of the dawn, while the land abou
t the church was called Vutuyaloyalo, from the spirit who haunted it, as the cricket ground took its name from Tuinaduruvatu, who ought to be hailed as the patron saint of all }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 stonewalling}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  cricketers.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The old Fijians believed that every copse and stream 
was sacred to some guardian spirit, but it would be as erroneous to call them gods, as to apply that term to dryads or naiads of classic times.}{\cs22\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722 
 In ancient Greek mythology, dryads were wood-nymphs and naiads water-nymphs.}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The track then led by the little
 hill, now leveled out, near the Grammar School, once used as a cemetery and termed Qaranimokukau.
\par 
\par Past the mouth of the creek that flows through the cricket ground, known as Ucukobau from its being the landing place of the Bau canoes after they had saile
d past the town with mast erect and streamers flying to the sound of lalis and conch shells, for Bau and Suva were akin and allied, this creek (on the other side of the bridge) was then much wider and deeper than at present and was used as a turtle pond.}
{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 H
alfway between here and the beach, where the Grand Pacific Hotel now stands, was Vunivesi, the landing place for common people, while the beach at the hotel itself was known as Vunimulomulo.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 From the northern side of the old town another track led across Cakobau Road, called Naisobubenu, from the rubbish heaps that littered it, through what are now the tennis courts \endash 
 Naiusanimaru \endash  the burial place of the chiefs, where the fiercest fighting took place the day that Suva was burned, by the pool Vailase}{\cs22\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Probably a misprint for Wailase.}}}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  in the centre of the cricket ground (now filled in) where the women washed their feet on returning from their plantations before entering the town, across the creek Matamaiwati}{
\cs22\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Probably should be Matameiwati.}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  whence the gi
rls carried their drinking water, and on to the high ground known as Vuniivi, where Mitchell Street joins McGregor Road, and from there struck right across by the kiosk in Victoria Park to the ford at Naisamuni.
\par 
\par The site of the town of Suva is now, as has been stated, the Botanical Gardens, its former inhabitants having shifted across the bay about 1882.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Twenty-five years ago the moat and rampart were practically intact, but there are now no traces of them left, nothing now remains to tell the visitor that
 this was once a busy fortified town, nor that in 1843 when it was burned it was the scene of one of the fiercest and bloodiest-fights in Fijian history.
\par 
\par Passing over the raised track across the moat, opposite the lawn tennis pavilion, one entered the tow
n, and right in front towered the temple of the Ro Vonu, situated on what is now the east side of the present little ornamental water, and behind it shaded by }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 nokonoko}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  trees was the mound sacred to Naleka.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I doubt very much if temples were ever erected to 
him for it seems more natural to suppose that the god of the dwarf denizens of the wilds should have been worshipped on a natural mound in the depths of the forest, rather than in a temple built by human hands.
\par 
\par The space near the clock tower was the burial place of the Taukei (landowners), and the present quarters of the prison labourers was called Soso.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In later days the gable end of the house of the chief Tui Suva, better known as Ratu Ambrose, was almost on the beach road, somewhere about half-way betwe
en Cakobau Road and the leading to Government House, but the bure of his father, Ratu Ravulo, who founded the town was a little further in and to the southward, and close to it stood the house of Lacalevu the high priest of the temple, who with his wife W
asi Rokovakatini was buried alongside it.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Though most of the houses were erected for protection inside the ramparts yet many were to be found in the ibili (outskirts of the town), on the rising ground known as Nabuabua, and the present site of Government House then known as Korobaba.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The rara (town square) is now the drill ground of the Armed Constabulary, and in 1860 when most of the people had embraced Christianity the inhabitants of scattered outlying villages were brought together, and settled at Draiba.
\par 
\par I have already spoken of the loose way in which the word Vatuwaqa is used, but the term Suva has fared worse.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
To the old Fijians Suva (a little hill) was the mound on which the temple of Ro Vonu stood, and in which was concealed the sacred stone Vatubuli
a brought from Vatuwaqa, on which their chiefs were seated at their inauguration, and this mound gave its name to the town \endash  originally the stone was supposed to have been carried by genii from Ucunivanua in Verata.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 But the name of Suva was never applied by them to any other place.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In later years when the sugar mill was erected the place about it was known as Naiqaqi \endash 
 the place where the sugar cane was crushed, and all from that to the creek where most of the modern town stands was simply Nabukalou.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Very p
robably this name was given to it because the first store and hotel were erected on the tongue of land which lay between the swamp in Renwick Road and the beach, and which jutted into Nabukalou creek nearly opposite to where the rivulet Wainamatabalabala,
 flowing past Mr Joske}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s old residence, fell into it.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The other end of this peninsula was blocked by a spur of Bishopscourt Hill, which came down to near the telephone exchange, and round which it was necessary to wade until a cutting was put through it, an
d this cutting not only served as a road, but also as a lighthouse; for when the lights of the original Suva Hotel became visible through it to vessels entering the harbour, they knew that they had cleared the inner mouth of the passage.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 South of the cutti
ng was once a little beauty spot, all green sward and coconuts, through which flowed on to the yellow sands a tiny silver rivulet, but an utilitarian age has buried the soft, warm sands under the concrete pavement, and the rivulet is only a covered-in dra
in, and all of the sward or coconuts that remain are enclosed in the ivi triangle.
\par 
\par This paper is not intended as a guide book; it is simply an effort to arrange the stage and scenery for the story that is to follow.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Many things may seem but trivial, but I trust they will be forgiven, for I wished to omit as little as possible as I doubt if ever another such account will be written, as most of those from whom I learned the story have long since fallen into that sleep 
which knows no awakening.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I made at first an attempt to blend the description of old Suva with its history, but soon found that the inclusion of the modern names necessary in identifying places jarred and broke the sequence of the story.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6947836\charrsid4988722 [66]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Colman also tells the origins of the Suva people and the great and fierce war between Rewa and Bau in }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Part II}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  of his }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Historical Notes on Suva}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Exhibit P14, Part 1, tab 1, p 28.}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 as follows:
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par One of the earliest resting places of the Melanesian people on
 their arrival in Navitilevu would seem to have been Rakiraki and its vicinity, and the Kauvadra mountain range behind it; in fact the name Viti is still said by the old mountaineers to have been simply the word of command given by Degei to his followers 
when he ordered them to }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 viti}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 (clear a track without tools up the mountain side), they having left in their hurried departure from their older home, or lost on the voyage, their chipped stone adzes, and }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ikabi}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  (long oar-shaped hardwood knives with which they 
were wont to smash down the undergrowth); if these were lost at sea it may account for the story of the missing stone chest containing the previous records of their race, which is said to have been lost on the voyage.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Had the Melanesians (which I doubt) ev
er possessed any knowledge of writing of any kind, it is strange that they never seem to have practiced it after their arrival in Fiji.
\par 
\par One party who landed with Degei settled on the mountain at the back of Ellington, which from its position was given the name of Lomaivuna, and from it this clan took the name of }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 kai}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  Lomaivuna.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
They were probably no worse than their neighbours, but seem to have early acquired the knack of being unpopular with the surrounding people, and were driven southward from their home by an attack of the combined Rakiraki clans.
\par 
\par Their next settlement that we know of was in the broken country to the north of Viria, in the bend of the Waidina, their principal village being on the fortified hill called Navuna, and to the district they ga
ve the name of Lomaivuna, after their old home.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
It seems to have had unsettled boundaries, and even now I imagine its borders are a little indefinite; and as the country was easily defended and, in parts at least, fertile, they stopped there a long time, p
erchance for centuries (but as Fijians marked the lapse of time only by the recurring seasons of seed time and harvest their history is innocent of chronology).}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 This custom of giving the name of an old home to a new settlement is very common amongst the Fi
jians and often when other evidence is wanting, enables us to trace the passage of the various clans from the north, to the south and east coasts of Navitilevu.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 For instance, the famous island of Bau is said to have derived its name from the former settlem
ent of its people near the Wainibuka River, which in turn may have been given its name from the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 bau}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 trees growing in the vicinity.
\par 
\par But even in their new home the unpopularity of the kai Lomaivuna seems to have followed them.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 They became involved in a war 
with Viria and, though assisted by Naitasiri, they were defeated, and their fort taken, and their chief Tui Colo (king of the hill country) slain.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Again they had to trek southward till they were given land on which to settle on the northern bank of the Wai
manu River, by the Naitasiri chiefs of Navuso, in the vain hope that they might become useful as a }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 bati}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 (border clan) for their defence; but the result was hardly satisfactory, and one of the last places burned in purely native warfare was their chief town
 of Sawani by the Naitasiri warriors on their return from the Vugalei war in the sixties of the last century.
\par 
\par How soon after their settlement on the Waimanu River they crossed over to its southern bank, and into the hinterland of Suva is (as usual in Fiji
an history) uncertain; but cross they did, and pressing back the Suva people founded the towns of Vuivui [Naivuivui], now Coloisuva; Tacirua, near Tamavua; and Vuniveilakou, on the Samabula River, a little above the cattle station of the late Leslie Brown
, Esq.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
It was their pressure at the back that was the cause of the Suva people, deserting the hinterland, and crowding down on to the promontory between Suva and Laucala Bays.
\par 
\par I must state in fairness that part at least of this sketch that I have given of 
the kai Lomaivuna was obtained from sources that were none too friendly to them, but their subsequent history bears out much of its truthfulness, and it will have to stand till time and money (neither of which I possess at present) will enable me to get f
urther information at first hand from themselves; and it was necessary to insert their story in this place as from now on their history and that of Suva is closely linked together.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The two clans were usually at variance, and occasionally indulged in forays and skirmishes, yet they often met together at feasts in each other}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s town and even inter-married.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The story of the migration of the kai Lomaivuna, with but an alteration of names, will stand good for almost all other clans who emigrated south and east fro
m the northern coast of Navitilevu.
\par 
\par The people of Suva have always been on friendly terms with those of Bau and Nausori, and as accounting for the latter they tell the following story.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A Suva chief who had no wife, found one night on returning to the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 burenisa}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  (men}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s house) at Uluvatu, that there was no food left for his supper, so he determined to take unto himself a wife, for though it was }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 tabu}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  for women to enter into the burenisa, yet they were expected to take to its doorway food for their menfolk.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Acco
rdingly next morning he set out for Bau, and stopping for the night at the hill fort at Calia (now Davuilevu), he reached Bau next day, and here as ladies were plentiful, he soon secured a spouse.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 On his return home with his blushing bride he again stopped
 with the Nausori people, and was so well treated that he persuaded one of the chiefs to return with him to Uluvatu, where he was made }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 vasu}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  by adoption to the Suva clan, and so the friendship between the two tribes was cemented.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Adoption of children was quite common all over the South Pacific, but this is the only instance that I can recollect of anyone acquiring the rank and privileges of vasu, except by birth.

\par 
\par There was one curious custom in vogue in Uluvatu, namely that it was forbi
dden to whistle inside the town, as it was said to attract mosquitoes; and down below on the shore reef once stood a large block of fossil coral, washed down no doubt at some forgotten period from the neighbouring hills, which was supposed to be the shrin
e of the mosquito god, and on which ripe plantains were formerly laid as propitiatory offerings; but there is little use in taking out your visiting friends to see this stone now, as it has long since turned into lime, and now forms part of the gaol wall.
}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 This deeming of whistling unlawful for one reason or another is of purely pagan origin.
\par 
\par The Arabs maintained that the mouth of one guilty of whistling could not be purified till 18 days had passed and that it was the result of Satan, or some evil genie, touching the person.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The Tongans are said to have deemed it offensive to their gods, the people in parts of Northern Germany believed that it made the good spirits weep, and the Icelanders remark to one whistling, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Hush! You do not know what may be passing in the air.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The real objection to whistling in primitive times was twofold.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
First, it was apt to betray the presence of the party on the march, or at rest, to the enemy}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s scouts; and secondly all clan calls were given in whistling, imitating the call of some bird, and the promiscuous whistler by introducing discordant notes became a promiscuous nuisance.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The rest is simply superstition.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Yet there is much to say in favour of the German idea that whistling makes good angels weep, namely, that some whistling certainly would, if the angels possessed any ear for music.
\par 
\par The earlier Suva kings lived at Uluvatu, and after the founding of Vatuwaqa the latter town seems to have been the residence of the son destined to succeed him.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The list of their names does not ru
n very far back, the first I can find any trace of being called Batileka who married Radi Savasava, and had by her two children, Ro Kesa, who married Ro Limawaqa of Rewa, by whom he had a son called Ro Saketa (the hero of Saketa}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Leap).}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The latter married, amongst others, Adi Moave of Bau, said to have been a full sister of Cakobau, but more likely I imagine of Tanoa, his father.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 By her he had two sons, Tabakaucoro or Ravulo, and Tuivuya.
\par 
\par Now great Bau ladies, though they had to marry whom they were order
ed, had no great liking for chiefs whose residence was on hilltops, for though slight and lissome of form when young, they were apt to become of rather generous proportions when they reached maturity, so Moave was probably not overmuch in love with her ne
w home, and becoming jealous on the addition of a younger bride to the household (Adi Savasava of Tamavua), she retired with her baby son to Vatuwaqa, where the people built a new house for her in a day.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  
}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 She did not enjoy its shelter long, but left with her child and attendants for Rewa, and the house was at once burned down, probably in fear of their chief}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s anger.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Saketa, though he had three other wives left to console him in his loneliness, followed her to Rewa, but was clubbed to death on his canoe at th
e present landing place at Naililili, and his body is said to have drifted down to Nukulau, staining the ebb tide with his blood.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Here both he and Moave pass out of the picture, but the boy Tuivuya, when he grew up, went to Nayau (Radi Nayau was one of his mother}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s names), where he married.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
He returned to Suva and lived at Kinoya, and finally sailed from Laucala Bay on a beche-de-mer ship to the Ra coast, where he was killed.
\par 
\par The reign of the next Suva chief, Tabakaucoro, was long and eventful.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 He inter-ma
rried with Bau, and to this day the Suva people speak bitterly of the influence of those great Bauan ladies whom both he and his father married for the withdrawal of the clansmen from their strong hill forts, and the founding with their unwilling assistan
ce of the town of Suva on the eastern shore of the harbour; a step that finally led to his own ruin, and the crippling, nay almost destruction, of his people.
\par 
\par This founding of the town of Suva}{\cs22\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  The author\rquote s note: This combined village, where Thurston Gardens now stands, is usually referred to in contemporary accounts simply as 
\'93Suva.  The specific name of the site is said by some present-day Suva people to have been Solia.  There are Solia people living today in Suvavou, and also in Mau and Sawani (Vuna).}}}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 cannot have taken place later than 1820, and so completely did he strip the older towns of their inhabitants that even the kai Qiomila, who had till then remained at Uluvatu, were compelled to join in the general exodus, and both the hill towns were left
 deserted save at planting or harvest time, for they still cultivated the food gardens there.
\par 
\par Tabakaucoro ranked as a powerful chief, he was not only Tui Suva, with his following of carpenters and fishermen, but he could from his own clansmen and their all
ies muster nearly one thousand warriors, and he was also vasu to Bau, with all the privileges that went with that dignity, and besides this all the hill tribes who came down from the north to the southern coasts from Suva to Serua were practically of one 
stock, and akin to Nausori, Vugalei, and Bau, and this formed a certain bond between them in times of danger, though at other periods raids and skirmishes were not uncommon amongst themselves.
\par 
\par And here we must retrace our footsteps a little in order to more closely connect the history of Suva with that of Bau and Rewa.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
After the fall of the old kingdom of Verata, about 1811, though its final subjection to Bau did not take place for years after, Bau and Rewa became the two greatest states on the coastline of
 Navitilevu; for previously though shorn of much of its old power Verata exercised a more or less nominal suzerainty over the whole group, based more on religious than on temporal authority.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 For years Bau and Rewa had been on the most friendly terms, it wa
s their united forces that had crushed Verata, and since then whilst Bau had become the paramount power in central and eastern Fiji, Rewa had conquered Kadavu and Beqa, and extended its influence westward along the whole southern coast of Navitilevu, till
 they became known as the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 yalayala}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  (boundary) ko Rewa.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Neither extension of power was affected altogether by force, but partly through war, partly through intermarriage of great ladies, and partly by intrigue.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The chiefs of those two great states were close
ly connected by intermarriage, and the children of such marriages alone in Fiji could claim the title of vasu levu; but now neither could extend their conquests except at the expense of the other, and both sides must have foreseen the struggle that lay be
f
ore them, yet they were loath to commence hostilities; for while Bau was all powerful at sea, she was weak in land forces where Rewa was strong, but then Rewa was weak at sea; and in any fight that might ensue, Suva and perhaps Serua would side with Bau, 
w
hile Namosi that lay between them, would side with Rewa, for the simple reason that the smaller states preferred an alliance with a powerful but distant kingdom to one closer at hand, as while it could help them when needed, they ran little risk of being 
absorbed by it \endash  the simple Fiji native having but little to learn in diplomacy from European statesmen.
\par 
\par As it is often the case when the tension between two States becomes too great, the struggle was precipitated by a trivial incident.
\par 
\par In 1841 Qaraniqio,
 or Dakuwaqa, brother of Banuve, the king of Rewa, on his return from paying a friendly visit to Nadroga, called at Suva, and landed at Yalayala ko Rewa, the name given to the beach opposite the present armed constabulary camp [Nasova], for as the Bau can
oes alone were permitted to pass in front of the town with sails hoisted and flags flying, the Rewa chiefs avoided the indignity of having to lower their masts by anchoring before they reached it.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 On entering the town Qaraniqio noticed a large pig, and ordered his men to take it on board his canoe; but this prince of grunters, by name }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Tamavua}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
, was the personal property of Tabakaucoro, and he knowing by experience the peculiar little ways of distinguished visitors (and they have not changed much since) of a
nnexing anything they could put their hands on, had left strict orders that neither prince, pope, nor potentate was to be allowed to meddle with his prospective roast pork, so the townspeople objected, and his followers being in the minority were with him
self hustled back on board the canoe, with parties no doubt exchanging what a certain class of ladies at home describe as }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 langwidge}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
In high ill-temper they sailed round the point, and anchored for the night at Dakuniwai, in Laucala Bay. 
\par 
\par Had the matter ended here it might have been smoothed over as a }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 regrettable incident,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 
"}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  and peace made by an offering of whales}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 teeth; but just before dawn when the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 batikadi}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 (scouts) of Suva were out on their daily task of making sure that the bush surrounding the town concealed no lurking enemy \endash  as is done in all savage countries \endash 
 one of them, Korotatibi, discovered the sleeping camp, and drove his spear through the chest of Kumu, of Vutia, killing him on the spot, and the Rewans, fearing an ambuscade, embarked hastily, and returned to their capital.
\par 
\par This last insult could only be wiped out by bloodshed, and later in the year Qaraniqio, with a Rewan fleet, attacked Suva; w
hile his brother the king of Rewa, partly to avenge the destruction of some of his canoes whilst on a foray by the people of Tamavua, and partly to make a diversion in the rear of Suva in his brother}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s favour, sent a whale}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s tooth by his herald to Kalabu (
a Naitasiri town) asking its chief to attack Tacirua.
\par 
\par The Kalabu people took and burned Tacirua by a surprise attack at dawn, and clubbed nearly one hundred of its inhabitants, mostly women, some of their own people who were on a visit there, and whom it 
was impossible to warn in time, being killed in the confusion.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The place was not rebuilt, the survivors removing to the neighbouring town of Tamavua.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
But the attack on Suva was a failure as the town was prepared, Cakobau, who had information of its threatened danger through his spies, having previously sent word to his ally }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 to look to his war fences}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In a desultory attack some of the Rewa men were slain, and their bodies cooked and eaten.
\par 
\par Nothing now could prevent war, and Banuve, willingly, or more prob
ably unwillingly, was drawn into the conflict, even though it clearly meant war with Bau, and so originated the life and death struggle between those two kingdoms, whose length or results none then dreamt of, except perhaps Cakobau and Qaraniqio, for they
 were both intellectually far ahead of their contemporaries, yet neither even of them could have guessed that it would only end with the hoisting of the British ensign at Nasova over thirty years later.
\par 
\par Knowing the danger of leaving such a powerful ally of Bau as Suva in their rear during the coming struggle, the Rewa chiefs determined to crush her effectually first.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Their initial step was to seduce the towns friendly to Suva from their old alliance with her, and this was successfully accomplished at length
, partly by gifts, and partly by promises, no doubt the dread of the nearness and power of Rewa making it all the easier, while at the same time Rewa had to make sure of the allegiance of her own allies.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  
}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Now the methods of diplomatists were as slow and as 
intricate in Fiji in those days as they are in Europe at the present time, and it was not till early in 1843 that Rewa was ready to move.
\par 
\par When all preparations were nearing completion a }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 mata}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  (herald) with a }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 tabua}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  (whale}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s tooth) was sent to Camaisala, the head of the Lomaivuna clan, who was staying at Koroi, on the Waimanu River, to arrange the details of an inner plot.
\par 
\par Now, so far all had been conducted in sec
recy, but when Rewa at length sent out the fiery cross to Burebasaga, Toga, Noco, Togadravu, Naselai, Nakelo, Tokatoka, and Lokia, and all of them eager to share in the plunder rallied round her standard, the matter could no longer remain a secret, and Ba
u took action.
\par 
\par Tuisauwaqa, the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Mata ki Rewa}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
, was sent with other ambassadors to Banuve to remind him of the friendship that had always existed between the two states, and of their old custom which forbade either one from attacking an ally of the other, no 
matter what provocation had been given, without first obtaining consent to do so.
\par 
\par The Rewan chiefs temporised saying that the army was only intended for punishing some rebel towns in Kadavu, and it was only when the fleet was on the point of sailing that 
the herald was dismissed with a curt statement that the insult offered to Rewa by the people of Suva was so flagrant that it could only be wiped out by the burning of their town \endash  the customary sign in Fijian warfare of the total defeat of a clan.

\par 
\par Tabakaucoro was by no means ignorant of the danger that threatened him, for he had received information both from Bau and from his own spies.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 He drew in all his people from outlying hamlets, but his former friends across the bay, and down the coast to the west, r
eturned but evasive answers to his call for assistance; and to add to his difficulties just at this juncture a large party of Lomaivuna warriors, practically half the fighting men of the clan, arrived on a visit to Suva.
\par 
\par Now, despite the desultory warfare
 that existed between the two tribes, such visits on both sides were by no means uncommon, and according to Fijian usage such guests were always received hospitably, and feasts and dances given in their honour; and the Suva chief may even have hoped that 
they would adhere to the Fijian code of honour which ordained that a host must defend his guests, or guests their host in case of a hostile attack, even against their own tribesmen.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Anyway, at the time of the attack they had been already the guests of the town for a week.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In reality their presence there at the time was the result of the secret agreement between Camaisala and the Rewa herald.
\par 
\par All was now ready, so the fleet sailed from Rewa down into Laucala Bay, and landed the troops on the mudflats on the 
Suva side of the mouth of the Nasinu River, whence they marched along the sandy beach round Muanikau, and formed up for attack on the golf links in the Government House demesne, and one wonders if any of those gaily decorated warriors in marching past wha
t is now Mr. Turner}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s place, known then as Maicebale, thought for a moment of the pathway towards the sandy pit on the opposite side of the track, or the silent ferry-man who waited there.
\par 
\par The Rewa troops had with them a brass cannon, part of the plunder of the L}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Aimable Josephine, a French ship that had been captured and burned near Viwa; it was in charge of Charlie Pickering, not Charley Connor as is generally stated, the latter having died two years before at Batiki.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 At the same time the men from Kalabu,
 Vuniveilakou, Tamavua, Waimanu, and every town westward as far as Mau, had mustered together, crossed the fords of the Nabukalou Creek, and coming down the track to the sea near the Church of England advanced along the beach till passing through the tree
s that then covered the cricket ground they prepared to attack from the north.
\par 
\par Many of the tribes who formed this contingent were former allies of Suva, but the fear of Rewa and the lust for spoils had swept aside all ties of friendship, and with the excep
tion of a small part of the men of Lami none stood true to Suva in her hour of peril.
\par 
\par The attack started about 3 pm, or as the Fijians who had not then started wearing wristlet watches described it, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 when the pigs woke up}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , after their mid-day siesta.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Thi
s was the usual time for an afternoon assault, when most of the defenders of a town would be asleep, and the women would have returned home from their scattered plantations, for in the old wars they formed the chief part of the spoils.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 As usual the attack 
started too far off to do much damage, and though the cannon knocked some of its posts about it did not seriously injure the defence, and honours were fairly even till the Lomaivuna warriors inside the town took a hand in the game.
\par 
\par Seizing brands from the
 hearths, where only the night before they had sat and chatted with their hosts, they fired the town, and anyone who knows the inflammable nature of the materials of which a Fijian house is composed can easily guess how soon the interior of the fortress w
as converted into a roaring mass of flames.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The fire leaped from roof to roof of the closely-packed houses, licking up everything with its greedy lips, and soon }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
the little flames and lean}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  creeping up the steep roof of the temple of Navono burst into streamers of fire from its very summit.
\par 
\par In an instant all was confusion, yet the warriors of Suva were true to their manhood.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
They fought back to back at the northern gate (opposite the tennis courts), one side holding back the Vuna clan within the town, the others driving a wedge into the allied ranks outside.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 There was neither thought nor time to ask for quarter.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The Suva men at length forced their way across Cakobau Road, and on what is now the level sward of the tennis courts they stood in a ring, fighting and dying grimly, that their women and children might have the better chance of escape.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In the end a few only broke through the cordon that surrounded them.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 But if they left most of their best and bravest dead beneath the trees they had at least the consol
ation of knowing that for every man of theirs who lay there dead, two at least of their enemies had been sent to the nether world.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Moreover, they had succeeded in their object, for whilst the melee lasted Tabakaucoro, who with his men was holding the oppos
ite side of the town, seeing that the day was hopelessly lost, gathered his warriors together and with a sudden rush broke through the Rewan ranks and holding them back for a little let the women and children through.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 No frightened, screaming, nerveless throng were they, every woman seized what food was nearest at hand, and with her own or her neighbour}
{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s child on her back slipped quickly through the narrowing gap, and passing the site of Government House gained the old rara, now the drill ground of the armed constabulary [Nasova], their flight being covered by the retreating warriors.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Thence passing quickly along the rising ground where now the cable quarters stand [Williamson Rd] they crossed the little streamlet called Matanawati, and found refuge amongst the thick, dark shadows of the great trees that formed the Vuniivi.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Here they lay till nightfall, being joined from time to time by stragglers from other parts of the fight.
\par 
\par Looking today from this rise above the junction of Gordon Street and Gladstone R
oad across at the clock tower in the Botanical Gardens, one is tempted to wonder why the allies, who must now have numbered fully five to one, did not follow up their success at once.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The answer is twofold.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Fijian clans, like the Highland ones, would n
ever miss a chance of present loot for the sake of a fight that could stand over till next day, and the town was now in their possession; and secondly the whole place was densely covered with trees, and the Suvans knowing every inch of the ground, it was 
not easy to tell where they had taken shelter.
\par 
\par Another thing is the Fijians, like their ancestors before them in their long trek across Asia, and during their sojourn in Western Melanesia, were from the very nature of the country forest fighters, and bush 
fighting allows no room for the Rupert-like charges that lost the field at Marston Moor and Naseby.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Only two courses were open in such wars for men who were ignorant of the use of firearms.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 One was to locate the enemy}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s camp by scouting, and then carry it 
by a silent rush, but this would seldom be possible as half of both parties were mostly on the scout.
\par \tab 
\par So their usual resort was to ambushes, called in Fijian }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 lawa ni valu}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 (net of war), and at every move in this game they were past masters, and there was no wile or trick connected with it they could be taught, and as pretty nearly every man}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s father, uncle or brother had at one time or another been caught in this trap with no better results than to replenish the enemy}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s larder, it was not easy to induce undisciplined men to risk an attack on a concealed foe.
\par 
\par There was but little sleep all through that long dark night for the people of Suva, who lay on Vuniivi.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
At times one bolder then the rest would steal out scouting; or one inspired by love (for the tru
e woman no matter what her race never deserts her mate) in the hope of finding her husband, wounded and helpless but still living, would steal through the wood, and such efforts were all the riskier for ever and again the darkest spots were lit up with a 
sudden intense glow as more houseposts in the ruined town were thrown on the oven stones to heat them for cooking the cannibal banquet, while their own abandoned }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 lali}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  (wooden drum), which but that morning had wakened them for work or play, would slowly toll out the tally of their dead.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
At length, when the last straggler had stolen in, and just ere the stars commenced to pale before the coming dawn, they silently crept away along the track that led to the ford at Naisamuni [Holland St], and passing across in 
a mist wrapt spectral file, reached their old deserted fortress of Uluvatu; and as the dawn merged into day, and showed the weary and dejected clan in its full weakness, on all sides could be heard muttered curses as the great Bauan ladies who had induced
 their chiefs to so foolishly abandon their strong hill fortress to satisfy a woman}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s idle whim.
\par 
\par But they had little time to spare for idle regrets, for all day long while their enemies feasted on the limbs of their kinsmen, or drank }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 yaqona}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  from their lost
 plantations, the men must needs repair the war fence in the few places necessary, for the hill is so strong naturally as to need but little artificial aid for its defence, whilst the women under escort gathered in all the food possible from the nearest p
lantations.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
When night fell the women slept for shelter in the cave, for there were no houses standing, the warriors relieved each other in parties in keeping watch and ward, for just ere dusk the Rewa canoes of her allies lay in the mouth of the Tamavua Ri
ver, so blocking the refugees on either flank.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Behind them lay the waters of the bay, while to the northward detachments of the Lomaivuna clan lay in laager at Rairainawaqa of the Rewans on the present site of the Hon Maynard Hedstrom}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s residence, and sect
ions from Tamavua and Noco lay camped between, thus effectually cutting off all chance of escape by the salata, the old track which led to the fords of the Waimanu, and any hope of safety with their relatives in the hill country beyond \endash 
 the Suva people were caught in a trap from which escape was hopeless.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Not all the enemy, however, were so placed, only strong outposts, for there was but little risk of the remnant of Suva}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s fighting men endeavouring to cut their way through, encumbered as they were by such a number of women and children.
\par 
\par For two days the greater part of the victors feasted, or slept off their orgies, in Suva, for the plantations there were large and fruitful, and the turtle ponds had been well stocked for their Lomaivuna guests, whilst roast }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 bokola}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 was so plentiful that even the meanest camp follower might hope at least to pick the bones after his betters had finished with them; and while the chiefs took counsel as to their next movements, the younger warriors would strut about, club on sho
ulder, amongst the grey ashes and charred houseposts of the ruined town, giving a not over-truthful account of the valiant deeds they had accomplished, often to be rudely interrupted in their flowing speech by a curt order from the chief to go and dig som
e more yams, or hunt up a missing pig, for even a Fiji chief can tire of the same old lie for three days in succession.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 bolebole}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 ceremony, originally merely a pledge of loyalty to the chief and a promise of assistance in a coming contest, might no doubt
 degenerate at times into a mere bragging match, but it was consecrated by long usage, and was only supposed to take place before, not during a contest.
\par 
\par As soon as the town had fallen a }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 mata}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  (herald) had been sent by the Rewa chiefs to Tanoa at Bau to sta
te that by the burning of Suva the insult offered to them had been atoned for, and that the war would now cease, but on the third morning the chiefs, with the balance of their followers, moved from Suva, and joined the forces on the heights round Uluvatu.

\par 
\par The night before a counsel had been held round the smouldering watchfire on the summit of the hill in the doomed fortress.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The ranks of Suva had been cruelly thinned.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Had they fewer women with them they could easily have haled the place, but with over fiv
e hundred women and children to feed the case was very different.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
In vain did Ratu Naileba (the Ulysses of his people) plead the impossibility of taking such a number of women in safety through the hostile country which lay between them and Colo, and urge 
them to hold out till the enemy gave up the siege; for in Fiji sieges were generally short; if a town could not be taken in a few days, the attempt had usually to be abandoned, owing to want of any commissariat arrangements by the assailants.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 But Tukevunad
awa (known in later days as Ratu Manase) and other leaders insisted that so long as such a large number of young women were cooped up in the fort (for they were the real loot that the enemy wanted) there was little hope of the siege being raised, especial
l
y as their foes could easily procure supplies from their own abandoned plantations, and from the Lomaivuna towns which were close at hand, whilst the stock in the fort was scanty, and rapidly dwindling, and that if they could only induce the enemy to acce
pt their }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 isoro}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 (token of surrender) and grant them safe conduct through their lines, the fords of the Waimanu were not so far away, and once across there was a fair chance of safety; besides their fighting men were but few, and weakened by wounds and fatigu
e, and so were certain sooner or later to fall before the enemy}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s incessant attacks and then the position of the women would be hopeless.

\par 
\par Those latter counsels prevailed, and on the morning of the 9th April 1843, Korotatibi, the mata ki Vuna (customary herald to Vuna) set out with the usual isoro offering of a whale}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s tooth in his hand (it was large, and from constant rubbing with turmeric and oil as red as the much prized tabuas of Tonga), and behind him walked one of the fairest maids in Suva, for such was the custom of the land.
\par 
\par She was a chieftain}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s daughter (for to offer a slave girl would have been an insult) tall and comely; she no doubt like many a maid before and since had her daydreams of the Prince Charming who would come to claim her from her p
eople, for was not Suva the close ally to Bau, where all were chiefs \endash  but such hopes were now passed forever.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
She had bathed at dawn, and what little oil was in the camp was used to anoint her (the hill men made but little oil), and dressed in all her poo
r little finery she walked forth to death perchance, if not to worse, smiling as she passed through the hostile ranks as only a woman can smile over the wreck of her dreams and hopes; for in those rough days a girl}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s life or honour counted as nought when the safety of her clan was at stake.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I could never find out, even in the old days, the name of the maid.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I think her people made it, not unnaturally, a point of honour to conceal it; and perhaps }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 twere better so.
\par 
\par They left the cave of refuge, and crossing 
the fort passed through warriors, sullen with defeat and the coming surrender, and through the western entrance on what is now the Reservoir Road, and entered the salata; this led south and west of the reservoir, and through the Hon Maynard companions in 
t
he feasting in the town, and when all was dark, and the last straggler had come in, and the night was still and silent as the poor dead bodies on the bluff above, Tabakaucoro led the shattered remnant of his clan across the ford at the mouth of the Tamavu
a
, and along by the open shore (for they had little to fear for now) till they turned the jutting point opposite Mosquito Island, and thence along the sandy beach till they reached the foot of the old hill track that led to Colo, and following it up they r
eached Vunibua, on the Waidina River, in Soloira, not very far from Vunidawa, where they at length found refuge and rest.
\par 
\par Some state that Qaraniqio sent a whale}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s tooth to their hosts asking them to kill them, but as he never seems to have troubled about t
he refugees who lived close to him at Vutia the story seems doubtful; in fact, the Suva people never speak with enmity of those of Rewa in connection with the massacre, but throw the whole blame on the Lomaivuna tribe, and its old enmity against them.

\par 
\par After the fleet and army of Rewa had returned home, its chief sent Kovelevu to Bau as herald.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
For them to have sent a herald there before the fleet sailed asking permission to burn Suva as a reprisal for insults offered them would have been in accordance with
 the code of etiquette existing between the two States, and the request could hardly have been refused, but then the Rewans would only have found an empty town; but this second embassy after the event, without even the customary tabua, and when their firs
t herald had intentionally or otherwise told a deliberate untruth, was a far more serious matter, and Kovelevu, sacred as a herald}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s person always was by old custom, showed no little courage in going on his errand, especially as he must have known that a full account of the destruction of her ally must have reached Bau ere now through her spies \endash 
 practically his mission was to throw down the gauntlet of Rewa to the Bau chiefs.
\par 
\par On arrival Kovelevu proceeded from the landing place and was met in front of Cakobau}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s house, known as Mataiwelagi, by Tuisauwaqa, the Bau herald to whom he gave his message.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Cakobau, who was eating at the time, hearing them speak came outside, and throwing on the ground the crab he held in his hand, demanded, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Who is this man who brags that he has burned Suva?}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 and Kovelevu, straightening himself up to his full height answered, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I fired the town of Suva}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Then the old king Tanoa, who was seated just inside the great Vatanitawake, which was nearby, called to his on to come to him and on his entering screamed out, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Who is going to pay for the burning of my town of Suva}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
, and Cakobau answering, said, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I am not dirt, I will pay in full for the burning of Suva}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , and Tanoa rejoined, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 See that you do}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ; and how Cakobau kept his word is
 written across the pages of Fijian history.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
After the fight and the feasting was done, and the last Rewa warrior had sailed home, the conquerors at Rairainawaqa began}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
to count up what was likely to be the cost of the outing.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 True they had won a fight, and
 burned a town, and the subsequent feasting broke most records; but in the cooler moments that followed they could not help seeing that they had mortally offended Bau and gained her bitter enmity; and Bau held the power of the sea, and they that hold that
 power, be it with galleys of the Roman, the longships of the Vikings, the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 drua}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 of the Fijian, or the modern super dreadnought hold the keys of victory, especially in island warfare, and so it behoved them to look to the their future safety.
\par 
\par Accordingly th
e Lomaivuna people, and those of Lami fell back on the inland towns on the Waimanu River, the people of Veisari, then of Maivuso, retired to the headwaters of that stream, and even the people of Mau abandoned their homes and took shelter for a time on Beq
a; and for over twelve months afterwards the shores of the bay of Suva were untrodden by man as in the days of the dawn of Creation.
\par 
\par The following extract form the diary of the Rev John Hunt, who at the time he wrote it was on a voyage round Navitilevu, may be given here as it confirms the truth of the story:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16134519 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 7th April 1843 \endash 
 We had full view of poor Suva this morning, where we once had a few Christians.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Yesterday the town was reduced to ashes, and many of its inhabitants killed and eaten by the Rewa people.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
We saw several canoes which had gone in search of the miserable remnant.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Christian Chief is still alive.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6947836\charrsid4988722 [67]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6947836\charrsid4988722 \tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Part 3}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Colman Wall}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  paper}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Exhibit P14, tab 3, p 50.}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  continues:
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par Into the story of that war we cannot enter here as it belongs to the general history of Fiji, except where it affected Suva and its people.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Almost from the start Bau was successful, but it never followed up its partial successes promptly, and the war did not end till 1846.
\par 
\par Early in 1845 Cakobau began to take steps for the rebuilding of Suva, and the return of its people to their own home.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Qaranivalu (Ratu Kini), the chief of Naitasiri, a close ally of Bau, and to whom Cakobau had promised his daughter Adi Kuila in marriage, was instructed to bring them in safety 
to his place. They came down the Rewa to Nacokaika (a portion of that tribe had formerly settled at Nauluvatu [Suva]) where they rested for a time, and thence proceeded to Navuso, and some months afterwards were taken in canoes to Bau.
\par 
\par Then Varani, the ch
ief of Viwa, was ordered to take his men assisted by a large detachment from Vugalei, and proceed by sea with the Suva people to Nukui, a fortified town on the east coast close to Rewa, but held for Bau by Komai Namana [Cokanauto](or Mr Phillips as he sty
l
ed himself on the strength of a voyage in a whaler to the United States), the rebel brother of the king of Rewa, where they were joined by the kinsmen under Ratu Naileba, who had been at Vutia, and from Nukui, the whole party escorted by Mr Phillips and h
is warriors returned to Suva and rebuilt the town, and restored its war fences\'85
\par 
\par Afterwards the Suva people build a little town, or rather fortified post, at Bawalai near Tamavua, as a check on any future forays of the Lomaivuna people.
\par 
\par The replanting of their food gardens was naturally the first work of the returned fugitives, and then while the crops were ripening they crossed the bay to Korobaba mountain, and felled two great }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 damanu}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  [Calophyllum vitiense) trees that grew on its lower slopes, and built out of them two large canoes;}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
and when they were ready for sea, loaded them with turtle and dalo and breadfruit, and sent them as a thanksgiving offering to Cakobau and the Bau chiefs, receiving in return gifts of whales}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  teeth and two large bales of }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 tapa}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  ea
ch one hundred fathoms long.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 This was probably the first of the latter article ever seen in Suva, and must have been deemed highly useful
\'85
\par 
\par Things after the fall of Rewa in 1846 seem to have settled down a little more peaceably, and the people of Mau, Veisari, Lami and Tamavua returned to their homes.
\par 
\par After the burning of Rewa, and the slaughter of its king and four hundred of its people, Qaraniqio, the prime mover in instigating the war and the bitter foe of Bau till his death, t
ook refuge in the Lomaivuna town of Vuniveilakau, on the Samabula River afterwards retiring to Coloisuva \'85
\par 
\par The Lomaivuna people seem for a time to have been wary of making foraging raids into Suva territory; but about 1850, as near as I can determine, a p
arty of seven of them who must have come down by Vuniveilakau and Kinoya, on a hunt for shell fish at the mouth of the Vatuwaqa River, were surprised soon after dawn by a party of five }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
bati kadi}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  (scouts) of Suva, who crept down on them through the scrub ti
ll close enough, when one of their number Koli sprang to his feet, and killed Sinekudre with a blow of his club when, the rest of the Vuna men fled.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The victim gave his name to the southern point of the entrance of the river, which is still known as Ucuisinekudre.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 This Koli was a native of Kalabu, who probably for very wise reasons had shifted his residence to Suva; he was not a chief by birth, but what is known as a }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 tamata qaqa}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  (strong man), a name often used in describing great warriors or natural leaders \endash 
 the famous Degei seems to have belonged to this class\'85
\par 
\par It was this skirmish at Vatuwaqa Creek that led to the second Vuna war.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
But in it the forces marshaled against Suva were far inferior to those in 1843.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Qaraniqio was too busy fighting for himself, 
though he aided them with troops, to give any personal assistance. The towns to the westward of Suva displayed little interest, or were restrained by the fear of Bau; Suva was safe from the treachery insider her own gates (a rare thing in Fijian warfare) 
and the ranks of her fighting men had evidently been considerably strengthened during their stay in Colo and elsewhere; and even the Lomaivuna clan can hardly have mustered in full strength for the three sub chiefs, Mokabuna, Ritiana, }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 vasu}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  to Suva, and Rolatikau, }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 vasu}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  to Lami, who had led them in the former attack, were absent.
\par 
\par Yet Camaisala made a brave effort.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
He gathered to his standard most of his clan on the Waimanu, what forces Qaraniqio could spare him, and raised levies from as far north as Soloira,
 and with these he marched down Coloisuva and Tamavua gathering what recruits he could, including a few from Muaivusu and Lami.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The latter clan was as usual divided, more joining Suva than the enemy.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 From there, avoiding Bawalai to gain the advantage of su
rprise, he advanced to Vuniveilakau.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Next day he crossed the mouth of Kinoya and Vatuwaqa creeks, and passing up the old track and through the ruined town of Vatuwaqa, camped for the night at Matailaivo, the site of the Hon H M Scott}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s residence.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Here in t
he early morning they started to paint their faces and arrange their finery, for at no time was a Fijian such a dandy as when going into a fight\'85
\par 
\par Had they only made their toilets quietly all might have been well, but a Fijian seldom does anything quietly, and the sound of their voices reaching a woman who was cutting }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 cott}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  grass the sleeping places in her house near Mr Marlow}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s residence, where the Cakobau Road first enters through the Naibua rise, she raised the warning cry of the Fijians }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Na ivalu}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , which always denotes the close onset of an enemy, and instantly the town was roused.
\par 
\par First a party of scouts rushed out and quickly reached the Hon James Borron}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s paddock, lying
 to the eastward of Denison Road, then called Naidrewe, which in those days was in parts a swamp, and at once got in touch with the enemy.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The first to fall was a Suvan named Wogadrau, who not side stepping quickly enough was killed by a spear by Baikorewa
 [Baikirewa?], then a Lami man, Toalilili, fighting with the kai Lomaivuna, had a bullet put clean through both cheeks by Kurekadua, and then the scouts fell back on the town, and as they did so the woman Aisega, who was cutting grass, called out to them 
tauntingly, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Give me the gun, and I will go and fight them if you men are afraid}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , for memories of the awful day at Naca still burned in the minds of the women of Suva, but even as she spoke Tabakaucoro and his men came rushing out of the town. The two forc
es met just about the junction of Denison and Duncan Roads, and in the first onset the Vuna leader, Camaisala, had a spear driven through him by Koroverela. It pierced him through the chest, the point coming out near his shoulder blade.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The disabling of th
eir leader threw the enemy into confusion, and they soon scattered and fled before the onset of the Suva warriors, yet their leader, though wounded, was not abandoned.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A faithful few bore him away, but were closely pressed by Koli, Ligasele, the matakibau, and Vita.
\par 
\par Just up at the little cutting in Rewa Street they came to close quarters in the then thick bush.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Ligasele was seized by the throat by a Vuna warrior, who was about to club him when Vita rushed to the rescue and knocked his brains out.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 After this the retreat became a rout.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Next day the dead body of Camaisala was found in scrub in Rewa Street, being easily identified by its necklace of sharks}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 teeth, for whale}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s teeth, for whale}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s teeth were then almost unknown in Colo\'85
\par 
\par After the battle there was a lot of intermittent fighting along the borders.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
At one time the Vuna people attacked Kalabu, at other times the Suva warriors, aided by those of Naitasiri, raided the enemy}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s lands.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 During this period}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
the prettily situated town of Kaukalou, on the Tamavua River, was abandoned and destroyed,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The site was a little below the bridge carrying the water mains, and is still marked by a few coconut trees and the large artificial mound on which the temple once stood; Vakalailaibula, the brother of Tabakaucoro, ha
d taken refuge here after boasting that he was the true chief of Suva, but his brother, not seeing the necessity for there being }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
two kings in Brentford}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  had him murdered by some of his }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 batikadi}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  (scouts).}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It had also given refuge to the party from Lami who
 had joined Camaisala in the late fighting, and so was doomed and wiped out.
\par 
\par The last time the war drum was beaten in Suva summoning the warriors to the fray was towards the close of the Vugalei war about 1865, when aided by an inroad of the Naitasiri cla
n on the people of Waimanu they took and burned the towns of Lami and Tamavua and brought their inhabitants prisoners to Suva where they were detained for a while; but as by this time the kai Suva had become Christians their ovens were heated only for fea
sts of turtle and dalo.
\par 
\par Tabakaucoro married Adi Mili [Mila], the daughter of Komai Naua, and by her he had three children.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Rusieta was born in 1852, but did not live long. \'85 His other children were Tui Buia [Tuivuya, Ratu Avorosa] better known to the old residents of Suva as Ratu Ambrose, and daughter Di Salote.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Ratu Ambrose had by his wife, Adi Kelera of Rewa, three children.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
They died, and left no offspring, and with them ended the race of the old chiefs of Suva.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Tabakaucoro (he who evaded the snare of the club of the mountaineers) died in Bau about 1857, and was buried in the old Vatanitawake; it is uncertain if ever he became a Christian, though as he is sometimes termed Ratu Joshua [Josua], it is more than like
ly that he did; in the missionary records he is always called by his second name, Ravulo.
\par 
\par After his death Cakobau brought the widow and her children to Bau, where they were brought up, but the lady soon afterwards became the wife of Ratu Golea, of Taveuni, and the mother of the present chiefs of Somosomo.
\par 
\par And so ends the history of Suva prior to the coming in of the Polynesian Company and the European.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
It was hard work getting at all the old traditional history of the town, and has taken up mu spare time f
or nearly three years, and cost money that I could ill spare, but it was a labour of love, and may perhaps pay back in part the many friendly acts of the now extinct line of Suva chiefs, and of my friends in Suvavou.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 THE ACQUISITION OF SUVA LANDS BY THE POLYNESIA COMPANY
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6947836\charrsid4988722 [68]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6947836\charrsid4988722 \tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Colonel Smythe}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Report}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Exhibit P16, tab 1, p 17}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  dated }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 1 May 1861}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
, though not favourable towards acceptance of cession and cotton cultivation in the Fiji Islands, identified the Suva peninsula as most suitable for a British Consulate and white settlement.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6947836\charrsid4988722 [69]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 On }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 12 July 1868}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , promoters of the Polynesia Company signed a charter in which they agreed to pay off the American debt in exchange for 200,000 acres of land granted by Chief Cakobau.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Suva peninsula lands were part of those 200,000 acres.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 1869}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
, the Polynesia Company subdivided the Suva peninsula lands setting aside 300 acres as reserves for the natives.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The Company sold 27,000 acres to settlers who settled on their lands on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 8 September 1870}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 By }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 1874}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , }
{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 400 acres}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  in the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Suva}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  peninsula had been cultivated.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6947836\charrsid4988722 [70]\tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Quanchi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , in his Master}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s thesis}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722 Exhibit D3, Pp 176-7.}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , described the Suva lands as follows:
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par The Suva block contained 27,000 acres.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Shortly after his arrival on the Alhambra, Brewer advised the Directors that the b
lock could be extended by persuading Cakobau to grant more land along the coast, perhaps as far as Navua River.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
In the 1868 charter discussions this land had been suggested and the Directors later repeated the idea to Forwood when he was negotiation with the Cakobau government.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Meanwhile the promontory was divided into blocks having twenty chain frontages to either Laucala Bay or Suva harbour and stretching for varying distances from a mile to a mile and a half.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Thirty nine numbered
 blocks and a further six unspecified applications on the boundaries of the delineated blocks were approved by the Company in 1873.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Later in a rearrangement which took place in April 1874 under the influence of Jacob Brache, several boundaries were changed and three more selections were approved west of the Tamavua River, north of the township reserve.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In addition several blocks had been altered by reducing the acreage and allocating a new number to the smaller portions.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 By 1877 when the Land Claims Commiss
ion sat to investigate European claims to land there were, according to the current map of selections, fifty blocks held by Company shareholders.
\par 
\par Selections were made in five ways; actual selection and possession by shareholders who stayed briefly before moving out to other parts of Fiji or returning to Melbourne, proxy selection, selection in Melbourne made at the Company}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s offices and possession of title through share and land warrant transactions. The result was that sixteen }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 bona fide}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  settlers remained 
in occupation of twenty-two blocks while the remaining twenty eight blocks were claimed and counter-claimed by persons who obtained title, or who alleged title, through one of several of the methods mentioned.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In the course of their investigations the LCC examined the applications of ninety-two separate claimants.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6947836\charrsid4988722 [71]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I accept the summary of the Suva lands dealings from the following letter}{
\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Exhibit P16, p 176-9; and Exhibit D6, tab 5 \endash  Report of Dir of Lands to the Colonial Secretary, 8/3/1963.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 :
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12091287 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Acting Colonial Secretary
\par The Secretary for Fijian Affairs
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ALIENATION OF FIJIAN LAND IN SUVA
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 (Your reference letter dated 10.12.62)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
As you will be aware from subsequent exchanges of correspondence on this subject, it was necessary for the Director of Lands
 to have considerable research carried out to ascertain the background and the present position relative to the sale of Fijian land in the greater Suva area, including the area situated between Laucala Bay and Nasamabula.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 2.\tab The research carried out shows
 that dealings in land in the area concerned fell into two distinct periods i.e. those made before the Deed of Cession and those carried out after the signing of the Deed of Cession, the details of which are as follows:-
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls18\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Pre Cession}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls19\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 As the result
 of a series of incidents between 1849 and 1855 in which United States citizens resident in Fiji allegedly sustained material loss at the hands of the Fijians, Cakobau as paramount chief was presented with a demand for damages.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls19\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Unable to meet the demand Cakobau and the High Chiefs of Fiji accepted an offer by the Polynesia Company of Melbourne to discharge the debt of \'a3
9000 to the United States citizens in consideration of a grant of 200,000 acres of land.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls19\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The first Charter setting out the terms of this arrangement was dated 23rd May, 1868, and covered an area of land extending from Suva to Navua and inland as far as the Waidina.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (4)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls19\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 This document brought forth an immediate protest from J. B. Thurston, then British Consul, who pointed out by letter dated May 25th, 1868, to King Cakobau that the land was }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 in most part the territory of Independent Tribes now in arms to prevent your invasion of their country}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (5)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls19\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The protest apparently caused a variation to be made in the Charter since the adopted charter dated 23rd July, 1868, specifies different lands and the heading }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 King Thakombau of the Fiji Group of Islands}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  had been amended to read }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 King Thakombau of the Bau Dominions}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The amended charter appears at pages 257 to 259 of the United States land claims.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The details of the method of repayment to the United States Government by the Polynesia Company appear at page 255 of United States land claims.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (6)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls19\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
In the confirmation deed (page 260 of U. S. Memorial on American Land Claims) dated July 13th, 1869, specific details were given for the boundary of the lands to be handed over to the Polynesian Company and the area is shown by the red mar
gin on plan annexed and marked }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (7)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls19\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Polynesia Company proceeded to dispose of the land by issue of warrants to people from overseas who came and settled in Suva peninsula.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 
 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 At the same time the Company reserved to the Fijians an area of about 300 acres shown coloured orange on plan at }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  together with all Native villages.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (8)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls19\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 By 1874 the Suva settlers were in financial straits due to the failure of sugar and cotton and much of their township lands was mortgaged to James McEwan and Company.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par The position of 10th October, 1874, when the Colony was ceded to Her Majesty Queen Victoria was therefore:-
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12091287 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls20\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12091287 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Fijians in the Peninsula area were either residing on their 300 acre reserve referred to in (7) of paragraph 4 above or in villages outside the present boundaries of the city of Suva.

\par }\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12091287 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls20\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12091287 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Much of the Polynesia Company}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s charter lands outside the Peninsula was still in Fijian occupation.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12091287 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls20\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12091287 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Most of the land on the Peninsula was occupied by settlers many of whom were mortgagees to James McEwan and Company.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12091287 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (4)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls20\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12091287 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The balance of the land on the Peninsula was unoccupied.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \fi-540\li1620\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1620\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard 
\s23\ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls18\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Post Cession}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \s23\ql \fi720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
When Sir Arthur Gordon assumed the Government of the Colony following Cession he was given specific instructions to investigate land titles.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The first Land Claims Commission was appointed on 30th October, 1875 under Ordinance XV of 1875 and claimants were invited to submit particulars (F. R. G. No. 21/1875).
\par 
\par As a primary requirement in the examination of claims to land in \line Suva it was necessar
y to consider the position of the Polynesia Company and the validity of their charter and the validity of land titles of persons who had taken up warrants from the Company in exchange for land.
\par 
\par After due consideration by her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s Government the Governor was advised by the Secretary of State that the Charter was not admitted by the Imperial Government but that the Imperial Government were }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 disposed to receive any claims to consideration which the shareholders of these two companies may appear equitably to possess, and to deal with them in a liberal }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 spirit}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 (Appendix C).}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
(One of these Companies was the Polynesia Company, the second which does not concern us here was the Fiji Banking Company).
\par 
\par The purchase money of \'a39000 paid by the Polynesia Company was paid back to the Company by the Crown.
\par In consequence of the 1874 Lands Claims Commission}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s investigations the Governor-in-Council admitted the claims submitted for all the lands coloured RED on the attached plan and subsequently valid Crown Grants were issued to claimants in respect of these lands.
\par 
\par The Governor-in-Council also accepted the recommendations of the 1874 Lands Claims Commission and approved of the issue of Crown Grants for the PINK area.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 However, at that time negotiations were going on in connection with the proposal by settlers that the capital be moved from Levuka to Suva.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 
 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Government at the time agreed with this proposal but expressed reluctance to adopt it on the grounds that by virtue of the approval of claims t
o the PINK coloured area all the land in the new capital would be in the hands of private freeholders.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Government felt that such a complete monopoly would impede the Government in promoting the proper development of the new capital.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
By subsequent negotiations between the freeholders and Government the whole of the PINK area were given Crown Grants to every alternate lot Government retaining the intervening lot.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 At the same time as this was done and the decision taken to move the capital to Suva so did Government confirm the Fijian title to the 300 acre lot coloured ORANGE.
\par 
\par The balance of the lands coloured GREEN on Plan }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  were the subject of disallowed claims and were retained by the Crown \endash  presumably in accordance with the strict interpretation placed o
n clause 4 of the Deed of Cession and amplified in the conversation between Sir Hercules Robinson and Cakobau and further amplified on the instructions of the Earl of Carnarvon to Sir Arthur Gordon (pages 77 to 86 of United States land claims).
\par 
\par At some ti
me prior to 1882 and in connection with the proposal to move the Capital from Levuka to Suva it is apparent that an approach was made to the Fijians of Suva to sell the Government their 300 acre block and in January 1882 an agreement was concluded between
 the Crown and Ratu Ambrose (Buli Suva) and the nine mataqali having an interest in the land whereby the land was purchased for a payment of a perpetual annuity of \'a3200.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The authority for this purchase is contained in Section 16 of Ordinance 21 of 1880.
\par 
\par The Fijians living on the land then moved from this ORANGE coloured area and settled at Suvavou in accordance with an arrangement made by Sir Arthur Gordon (MP.4469/07).
\par 
\par Subsequently the Lami people gave to the Suva people a large area of land stretching from Tamavua river to Lami river and the gift was recorded in Na Mata of February 1894.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 (See area coloured YELLOW on plan at }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ).}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
(See also extract from Namata at Appendix }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 B}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ).
\par 
\par There is some evidence in MP.2132/23 that half of one annuity (i.e. \'a3100) was paid to the Lami people in full payment for this land.
\par 
\par With the setting up of the first Native Land Commission to determine the ownership and boundaries of Fijian lands in 1890 Fijian ownership was restored for all the lands coloured MAUVE and YELLOW on plan at }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 There is no evidence of any claim being lodged with the Native Lands Commission by Fijians for any portion of the Suva Peninsula \endash 
 on the contrary, plan 91122 by Keaney dated February 1905 showing the boundaries of native holdings as determined by Wilkinson around 1892, shows no Fijian land south of the present Suva City boundary.
\par 
\par From evidence in early Secretariat files there appears to have been confusion about what land was actually purchased from Fijians for the annuity of \'a3200 a year (see Mr. Weston}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s minute dated 29/12/62).}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Some minutes in those files suggest that the 
\'a3200 annuity was in respect of all the land known as Crown Land on the peninsula of Suva.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
In fact the annuity is in respect of the 300 acre lot only and the evidence quoted above appears to make it clear that this 300 acre lot was the only land in what is now Suva City which remained in Fijian ownership.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 This was the area purchased by the Crown for the annuity of \'a3200 a year in 1882 (vide page 34).
\par 
\par The principle of purchase by annuity was considered and upheld by the Chief Justice in a case some years ago concerning eviction of a Fijian from Crown Freehold Nabuiluva at Nadarivatu.
\par 
\par 3.\tab A plan, illustrating the foregoing, is attached hereto as Appendix }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In co
nnection with the foregoing, extracts from Native Lands Commission}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s records are also relevant and translated copies of these are attached hereto as appendices B (1) and B (2).
\par 
\par 4.\tab Arising from the above information and an examination of the attachments to this memorandum, the following are the answers to the four queries raised in the question contained in your letter of the 10th December, 1962.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls21\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 With the exception of one lot of 300 acres, the Fijian lands within the present day boundaries or the City of Suva were originally sold by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 
"}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 King Thakombau of the Bau Dominions}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 to the Polynesia Company in return for the payment of \'a39000 owed by King Cakobau to certain American citizens.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
In accordance with her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s instructions to Sir Arthur Gordon and as a
 result of the investigations of the 1874 Lands Claims Commission and the Native Land Commission of 1890, the freehold title to the lands were confirmed by the Governor-in-Council.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 As regards the 300 acre lot retained by Fijians, this land was sold to Government by the native owners in 1882 for an annuity of \'a3200 a year.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls21\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The native owners agreed to sell the 300 acre lot to Government for an annuity of \'a3200 a year.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls21\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The names of the Fijians who were recorded in 1882 as having a propriety interest in the 300 acre lot are quoted in the attached schedule (see Appendix }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 D}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ).}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 (You will note that in this schedule taken from cso 264/1882 the Roko Tui Suva and Buli Suva is given as Ratu Avirosa.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In other papers this person is referred to as Ratu Ambrosi).}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The names of the recipients of the \'a3200 annuity for 1962 are given in Schedule }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 E}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 These names were checked with the N. L. C records in 1961.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
No records of the original owners of other lands in Suva Peninsula are available.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s23 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls21\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In view of (c) this does not apply.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 5.\tab 
45 copies of the plan referred to in paragraph 3 above are enclosed, for distribution as requested.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par (Sgd.)
\par for Acting Colonial Secretary.
\par 
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Distribution:}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \tab D/Lands.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 WHAT IS THE CORRECT APPROACH
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6947836\charrsid4988722 [72]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 What is the correct approach to be taken in a case such as this where Native land is ceded by deed?}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I respectfully adopt the approach taken by the Privy Council in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Amodu Tijani}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 v}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Secretary, Southern Rhodesia}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 [1921] 2 AC 399 }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 on an appeal from the Suprem
e Court of Nigeria, namely, (1) inquire into what the nature of Native title in Fiji was as at the date of cession, then (2) interpret the words of the Deed of Cession of 10 October 1874 and then (3) come to a conclusion as to what was in fact ceded. 

\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 NATIVE TITLE AND LAND OWNERSHIP AS AT THE DATE OF CESSION
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6947836\charrsid4988722 [73]\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 How is Native title to be decided? The answer was given by the Privy Council in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Amodu Tijani}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 v}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Secretary, Southern Rhodesia}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  (supra), a judgment delivered by Viscount Haldane, at p 402-4:
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par \'85}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I
n order to answer the question, it is necessary to consider, in the first place, the real character of the native title to the land.
\par 
\par Their Lordships make the preliminary observation that in interpreting the native title to land, not only in Southern Nigeria, but other parts of the British Empire, much caution is essential.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 There is a tendency, operating at times unconsciously, to render that title conceptually in terms which are appropriate only to systems which have grown up under English law.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 But this tendency has to be held in check closely.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 As a rule, in the various systems of native jurisprudence through out the Empire, there is no such full division between property and possession as English lawyers are familiar with.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A very useful form of native titl
e is that of a usufructuary right, which is a mere qualification of or burden on the radical or final title of the Sovereign where it exists. In such cases, the title of the Sovereign is a pure legal estate, to which beneficial rights may or may not be at
tached.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
But this estate is qualified by a right of beneficial user which may not assume definite forms analogous to estates, or may, where it has assumed these, have derived them from the intrusion of the mere analogy of English jurisprudence.
\par 
\par The title, such as it is, may not be that of the individual, as in this country it nearly always is in some form, but may be that of a community.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Such a community may have the possessory title to the common enjoyment of a usufruct, with customs under which its individ
ual members are admitted to enjoyment, and even to a right of transmitting the individual enjoyment as a member by assignment inter vivos or by succession.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 To ascertain how far this latter development of right has progressed involves the study of the history of the particular community and its usages in each case.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Abstract principles fashioned a priori are of but little assistance, and are as often as not misleading.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6947836\charrsid4988722 [74]\tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Colonel W J Smythe}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  Report}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Exhibit P16, tab 1, p 14}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 1 May 1861}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  made the follow
ing observations on Fijian society and the use and occupation of land by the Fijians and the settlers:
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par (The Fijians) principal occupation is the cultivation of their yam and taro plots, which affords periodical but easy employment; sailing in their canoes, fishing, and frequently fighting.
\par 
\par The chief articles of food are yams, taro, fish and cocoa-nuts, breadfruit, bananas, and other fruits, the spontaneous productions in the soil.
\par 
\par Their houses are constructed of reeds and grass on a framework of poles.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The floor is the natural soil covered with fern leaves and mats; in the middle is a sunken hearth, the smoke from which escapes through the walls and roof.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Apertures for light other than the door-ways are very rare.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The houses are never isolated, but are crowded together in towns or }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 koros}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , which are frequently surrounded by a ditch and an earthen mound.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The natives have raised no permanent structures.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Although the coral reefs present an inexhaustible supply of lime, and they have discovered the art of burning it, they make no use of it except as paint and to plaster their hair with.
\par 
\par There are no beasts of burden or draught, and consequently no roads.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The usual mode of moving about and of carrying is by canoe.
\par 
\par There are in the group probably not less than 40 independent tribes, twelve of which, from their superior influence, may be considered as virtually to govern it.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The names of these are \endash  Bau, Rewa, Navua, Nadronga, Vuda, Ba, Rakiraki, and Viwa, round the coast of the largest island (Viti-levu); Bua
, Mathuata, and Thakandrove, or the other large island (Vanua-levu) and Lakemba, among the windward islands.
\par 
\par The rule of the chiefs is absolutely despotic; the lives and goods, and to some extent, the lands of their people are at their mercy.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The number of chiefs is very great, almost every koro has one or more.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 They differ greatly in rank and influence.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In many instances there are two great chiefs at the same place as at Bau.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Here one of these is called }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Rokotuembau}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  or }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Great Chief of Bau}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , and the other }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Na Vu-ni-valu}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 is the principal personage: but the other places, where similar titles exist, the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Vu-ni-valu}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , although charged with special duties in the conduct of war, has but little power.
\par 
\par The cultivation of cotton by white settlers is principally a question of land and labour.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
In a general way it may be said that there is not an acre of land in Fiji which is not private property, the ownership resting either in families or in individuals.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A small portion of the land only at any one time is under cul
tivation, as a narrow patch of ground supplies the wants of a Fijian household, and the custom is to break up frequently new ground and abandon the old.
\par 
\par On the subject of purchase of land by whites, I made particular inquiry of the chiefs at each of the public meetings; the general reply was that an agreement made with the owners, if approved by the chief, would hold good.
\par 
\par In older purchases of land by whites, when the quantity exceeded what was required for a house, the native resident were not interfered with, as no cultivation of land was attempted.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In a few recent cases, where the purchases have been effected by the whites who came last year to the islands,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 and who, with the view of forming plantations, wished to remove the natives from the land, opposition from the latter has been met with.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 By a clearer understanding with the owners before the purchase was concluded, these difficulties would probably have been avoided.
\par 
\par The general habits and sentiments of the Fijians are opposed to the acquisition of property by individuals.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The chief seizes anything belonging to his people that takes his fancy, and as readily gives it away, and the people are equally ready to beg and to give.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 As the influence of Christianity increase, the rule of the chiefs will become more mild, and private rights will be more respected.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12091287 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [75]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Report of Commodore Goodenough and Consul Layard}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 13 April 1874}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  contained the following observations on Fijian land ownership}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Exhibit P16, tab 2, p 35, paras 39, 40}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 :
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par 39.\tab 
We have made the native tenure and ownership of land in Fiji the subject of attentive study; and have obtained from Mr John B Thurston, and also from Mr C R Forwood and other gentlemen, explanations and papers on this subject worthy of consideration.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 These will put before your Lordship the state of native tenures, prior to whites coming here.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Purchases have been made from natives to a large extent, as will be seen by an accompanying statement, but there remain still considerable tracts of unoccupied lands, though, as is said with perfect accuracy by Mr Pritchard, formerly Her Majesty}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Consul in Fiji \endash  
\par 
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Every inch of land in Fiji has an owner.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Every parcel or tract of land has a name, and the boundaries are defined and well-known.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The proprietorship rests in families, the head of families being the representatives of the title.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Every member of a family can use the land attaching to the family.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Thus the heads of families are the nominal owners; the whole family are the actual occupiers.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The family land maintains the whole family, and the members maintain the head of the family.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 40.\tab 
In order to make a purchase secure and beyond the possibility of dispute, present customs would require the assembly of the following person, viz.:- The great Chief or his representative, the lesser Chiefs, and the principal men of the adjacent town.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 These should walk over the land, define it, and conclude the sale on the spot.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The natives should then build a house or plant yams for the purchaser, in recognition of his lordship over the soil.
\par 
\par The strict value of the rights of each party to this agreement varies according to the power of the Chiefs in different parts of the group.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In some places the Chief would be strong enough to make the sale alone, and to give possession to a fo
reigner, receiving all the purchase money and removing the natives by force to the other lands; but, in general, as things now stand, if the purchaser were to deal with the great Chief alone, he would only buy his rights as lord of the manor, or whatever 
they might be, and would not acquire exclusive possession of the soil.
\par 
\par On the other hand, were he to purchase from the people without consulting the superior Chief, he would not be recognised by the latter, who would probably try to sell over his head.
\par 
\par Since the formation of the Government here in 1871, regulations for the issue of Crown grants have been made and acted upon.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Mr. Thurston has asked that the Crown grants already issued may be confirmed, but we are of opinion that each case should be examined afresh on its own merits.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Apart from the question of the legality of these Crown grants, which is more than doubtful, we know of the issue of a Crown grant on very disputable grounds.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Not more than twenty such grants have been issued.
\par 
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li709\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \tab 41.\tab We are infor
med by the existing Government that at one of the early meetings of the Chiefs in Council after the formation of the present Government, a resolution was agreed to by which all the natives were to be gradually confined within limits of land sufficient for
 their support, and that all lands outside these limits were to be considered Government property; but nothing has followed this resolution.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 We mention it again because we wish to point out the dangers which would have resulted had it been carried into effect.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 To interfere with the possession of land in this way would be to attack one of the oldest and best understood rights of the natives, and would entail the prosecution of a most unjust war.

\par \tab 
\par No Chief had either the right or power to dispose of the lands of the lesser Chiefs and people without their consent, in this wholesale fashion.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It is true that much of the land is uncultivated and unoccupied; but, of course, the natives who could show just claim to it have a right to its disposal.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The only sense in 
which the resolution above referred to could be acted upon would be the following, and that only in future years: namely, that after a liberal appropriation of land to a town or village, a small tax should be laid on the unoccupied remainder laid claim to
, with the option of selling to Government on valuation, and this could only be done, if the same principle were applied to the unoccupied land of white proprietors.
\par \tab 
\par Many portions of land now claimed by whites are still held on doubtful tenure and are in 
dispute, either with natives or with other whites, and these doubts arise, either from the incomplete manner in which the purchase was first made by whites, or from the very incomplete survey taken of the islands when the purchases were made; there being 
some instances in which the purchase was made from the wrong persons, and others in which the title deeds of adjacent properties set forth that their boundaries extend along lines drawn at right angles to the shore.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Thus where the shore is irregular, a segment, common to both properties, is included in each title deed.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li709\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin709\itap0\pararsid11763655 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par 42.\tab Hence it will be evident that the first step in the land policy of a Colonial Government, will be the accurate survey of the islands; and we suggest that the hydrographic portion should be completed by her Majesty}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Government, if the local Government undertakes the cadastral survey.
\par 
\par 43.\tab Replying then to the questions which your Lordship has proposed to us.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par \tab }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Q}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 (1)\tab Whether the title to land is fully vested in the King and Chiefs?
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \tab The ti
tle to the land is not fully vested in the King and Chiefs.
\par 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Q}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 (2)\tab 
Whether there are any tribal rights or local customs which affect or limit their power to grant and dispose of it? \endash  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Their power is limited by custom, though the limits have often been di
sregarded where a powerful chief has been offered a sufficient inducement by an European, as well as in course of native customs and vasus.
\par 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Q}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 (3)\tab Whether it is proposed that unalienated land shall be absolutely surrendered to the Queen, or shall continue t
o remain in the hands of its native owners until conveyed to private purchasers? \endash  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
. It is proposed that certain land shall be conveyed to the Queen, but that all other land should remain in the hands of the native owners until private purchasers, or the 
Crown itself, become the possessors in the mode we have above indicated for future consideration.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
It would be most desirable that no purchase should take place from natives, but through the intervention of the Crown, as in New Zealand.
\par 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Q}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 (4)\tab On what terms and conditions is land now occupied or owned by white settlers? \endash  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 . For the most part, the land held by white settlers has been purchased.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 But there are exceptions to this rule, in case of land which is called the private property of Cakobau himself, and 
also in the case of the land under authority of Maafu in the Windward Islands.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
This is held by Europeans on long leases of forty to fifty years.
\par 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Q}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 (5)\tab What proportion of the land in the islands is in such occupation, and what amount remains available for f
uture settlement? \endash  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The proportion of land in the possession of whites is given in an enclosed Schedule, which we have had corrected from a Table prepared by the Government.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Most of the best lands have, of course, been already secured, though not all cu
ltivated; but there remain large areas of good soil, fit for coffee, cotton, sugar, &c., in the hands of natives, in addition to the large acreage of first-class land conveyed to Europeans, but uncleared (as shown in Schedule), much of which would be sold
, on annexation, to clear the remainder from encumbrance, and to obtain capital for renewed enterprise.
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [76]\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The new Governor, Sir Hercules Robinson reported to the Earl of Carnarvon on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 20 October 1874}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  on native land tenure as follows:
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 VI Lala, or Services Tenures
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 18.\tab 
Some misapprehension seems to exist in England as to the nature of tenure of land in Fiji and it has sometimes been assumed that because certain services are performed by the people for their Chiefs, the former are in cons
equence held in a state of domestic slavery.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The tenure upon which all native lands in Fiji are held, is precisely similar that which exists to the present day in Ceylon as regards a large proportion of that country \endash  namely the hindigamas or lands of the Chiefs \endash 
 and the Temple lands- the vast tracts belonging to the Buddhist and Hindu Temples.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Upon all these estates the proprietor pays his wages in land, and the tenant pays his rent in labour.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The system however is much simpler and less liable to abuse in Fiji than in Ceylon.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
In Ceylon evils grow out of the undefined nature and extent of the services \endash  which led me to appoint a commissioner to define and register all services tenures \endash  a work which has just been satisfactorily completed; but in Fiji legitimate }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 lala}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
, as it is called, is well defined}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 ,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  and recognised by both Chiefs and people. It is I believe limited to the services \endash 
 (1) assistance in hut building, (2) aid in the cultivation of the Chief}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s garden, and (3) when required for visitors, or in o
ther extraordinary occasions, supplies of food.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
It appears to me that it would be impolitic on the part of the Government and unjust towards the Chiefs and people, to interfere, for the present at all events, with this system, which on the whole works well
, and is cheerfully acquiesced in by all concerned.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
For many years to come, Fiji can only be governed, as a British Colony, through the instrumentality of the native Chiefs.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The effect of abolishing these services tenures would therefore be, to weaken the 
power of the only subordinate agency available at present for the good government of the country, and the people, freed from existing restraining influences, would give way to their natural improvident and slothful inclination and would become, as pointed
 out by Mr Thurston in his able and interesting paper of the native ownership of land in Fiji, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 useless and perhaps troublesome}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .
\par 
\par 19.\tab I think, that when the Commission shall have decided on the native reserves, the chief of every Qali should be acknowledged as the owner of the land of the Qali, or tribe, and the guardian of the interests of his people in such lands.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The people of every Qali should be viewed as tenants of such lands under the chief with hereditary rights of lesseeship, subject to the duties of lessees towards the chief proprietor \endash  to whom they should pay as a head \endash 
 rent for his support such }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 lala}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  as may be mutually agreed on in the shape of labour or produce.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [77]\tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 R. A. Derrick}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  in }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 A History of Fiji}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
, volume 1, wrote}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Defendant\rquote s Submissions \endash  Part 1B, p 189-90.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 :
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par It has already been pointed out that in Fiji chiefs often claimed that they, and they alone, had the right, as in many cases they had the power, to dispose of land.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Take for example a conversation reported by Colonel Smythe between himself and the Namosi Chief, Kuruduadua, in 1860:
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par Q.\tab What is the law or custom about the sale of land in your territories, so that the purchaser may have a clear title?
\par A.\tab I alone can sell.
\par Q.\tab What course should a white man pursue who wished to purchase land?
\par A.\tab He must come to me, as I alone can sell \'85
\par Q.\tab Do you acknowledge the authority over you of any other chief in Fiji?
\par A.\tab I rule alone.
\par }\pard \ql \fi-90\li810\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin810\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Pritchard}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s analysis of the question, however, concluded that the rights of a chief did not go beyond his personal right in the lands of his family.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  
}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 There was a slight modification to this.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Heads of families were the representatives of the title of the family, and the chief, as head of a tribe, represented the title of the lands of the tribe.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 As the members of the family maintained the head of the family so the families of a tribe maintained the chief.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In this way, the whole tribe possessed a collective interest in all the lands held by each family, for every piece of land alienated contracted 
the total available for the support of the tribe and its chief.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Therefore, argued Pritchard, alienation was a collective matter, valid only by act of the whole tribe in the persons of the ruling chief and the heads of families.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 His investigation of sales to be registered at the British Consulate was based on these assumptions.
\par 
\par Thurston later put forward a slightly different analysis.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 On his view, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 All evidence tends to show that the lands of Fiji are vested in the ruling Chiefs of tribes, occupied by their
 subordinate chiefs (or vassals) and people, in consideration for past, present and future services}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 This meant that as of right a chief could dispose of lands, though Thurston added that it was his opinion }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 that \endash  though submitted to \endash  such action of rem
oval would be regarded as an act of gross injustice, if there had been no failure by such subordinates and people to perform the services required of them}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .
\par 
\par In their practical consequences the views of Pritchard and Thurston were not dissimilar.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Each reco
gnised the possibility of alienation in certain circumstances; and though, as of right, chiefs, in Thurston}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s theory, could dispose of land, his modification \endash  that for them to so would be contrary to custom \endash  led him to the view that the consent of others besides the chiefs should be necessary for a valid sale.
\par 
\par Very different was the argument of the Rev. Lorimer Fison, who gave what was to be a most important examination of the Fijian land system in a public address in Levuka in 1880.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 With one possible exception, the views he expounded had already been reached by Gordon quite independently, and they had served as the basis of the Land Commission}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s enquiries in the preceding years.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The exception was Fison}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s theory of the inalienability o
f native land, which, once he had heard it, Gordon was immediately prepared to accept.
\par 
\par Fison rejected any suggestion that land was held in Fiji on a feudal basis, and he denied that the services rendered to chiefs could be regarded as rent.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The chief is their lord, but he is no their landlord.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 ' '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I am fully convinced,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  he said, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 that the tenure of land in Fiji is tribal, and that the title is vested in all the full-born members of the tribe, commoners as well as chiefs; not in any individual, nor in any cl
ass of individual which excludes the commoners.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 ' }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Fison was the first to identify clearly the social groups of the Fijian village:}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 yavusa}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , the descendants of the common ancestor; the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 mataqali}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
, the respective descendants of the individual sons of the ancestor; the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 tokatoka}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
, consisting of closely related families; and the individual }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 taukeis}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , the actual holders of the land.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The important group from the point of view of land holding, argued Fison, was the }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 mataqali}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 . The town land and the arable land of each }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
koro}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  (village) was divided into areas each belonging to a mataqali.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Within this system a chief was merely one of the joint tribal owners.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
As a member of a land owning tribe he has his own joint share of the tribal land; and, as far as rightful ownership of the soil is concerned, he has not one acre more.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 ' }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Admittedly chiefs had been strong enough in the past to dispose of land, and they might claim that such was their right.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 But having the power and claiming the right were very different from actually possessing the right.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Even in the case of conquest, Fison claimed, the right of the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 taukeis}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  to the lands of which they were deprived were not lost to them.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
He was in some doubt as to whether the surrender of a basket of earth to a conqueror amounted to a surrender of rights, but was inclined to believe that it was merely symbolic of a surrender of the fruits of the soil.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In any case, where such a token of surrender was not made, the title to the land was unaffected by the conquest.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Titles were considered by }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 taukeis}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  to be unextinguishable, though allegiance to chiefs might change as the result of conquest.
\par 
\par So much for native rights over land as seen by Fison.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 But he went further.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Not only could chiefs not dispose of the lands of their subjects or those they had conquered, but neither the holders of the land nor the tribe as a whole could alienate, for nobody}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s rights were absolute.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Taukeis}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  had merely a life interest in the land they cultivated.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 That interest could be disposed of, but no more.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Many tribes had parted with their lands in full knowledge of what they were doing, but they had had no right to do so.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The land was a public estate belonging to all full born men, and it was strictly entailed, their being posterity of those men to all generations.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It is impossible to cut off an entail such as this, for the heir can never be a consenting party.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 FINDINGS ON NATIVE TITLE AS AT 10 OCTOBER 1874
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [78]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I am not inclined to accept Fison}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s view of Fijian Native title for two reasons.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [79]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 First
ly, it seems to me that such a view was largely driven by a desire to protect Native land interests from alienation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
This protectionist view was said}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  An article by Kent McNeil, \'93Self-government and the inalienability of Aboriginal Title\'94, July 2001, in the Defendant\rquote 
s Submissions Part 1B.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 to be based on two rationales; (1) the need to protect indigenous peoples from unscrupulous European settlers, and (2) the incapacity of the settlers to acquire lands other than by Crown grant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It has been suggested}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Ibid.}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 that the first rationale is derived from a British colonial policy that, whatever its justification historically, is paternalistic and acts as an impediment to the economic development of indigenous lands today.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I tend to agree.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
In any event, I do not think that such a view was supported by what was actually taking place in Fiji.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [80]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Secondly, Fison}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s view would have the result pointed out by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Derrick}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Defendant\rquote 
s Submissions \endash  Part 1B, p 192}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , that:
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par If strictly interpreted, according to Fison, no sale by natives could be valid.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 There were various types of claims to be considered.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
There were those in which a chief, depending on his power over his subjects or those he had conquered, had disposed of land by his own individual action. There were those in which the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
taukeis}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  had been consulted, and had agreed to a transaction, but where they had failed to grasp the nature of a sale, and had imagined that they were granting only a life occupation.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Even in the latter cases the natives were acting beyond their rights in disposing of their posterity.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 If the Lands Commission in considering clai
ms, or the Land Board in considering appeals, were to adhere closely to native custom, or to Fison}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s interpretation of it, they would have to reject all claims, irrespective of the extent to which the purchasers were acting in good faith.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [81]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The weight 
of the evidence, in my respectful opinion, is that Native land tenure and title as at the date of Cession was as follows:
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 All lands in Fiji were at one time owned and occupied by the indigenous Fijians.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Such lands were communally owned according to Fijian customary law (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Native land}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ).
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Such ownership gave exclusive possession and use by the communal owners of the land as a group.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 But Native land was subject to a Chief, as head and representative
 of the owners, having the reserve power to sell or otherwise alienate it with or without consultation with his people.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (e)\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12091287 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Having disposed of Native land in this fashion, Native title was extinguished.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 INTERPRETATION OF THE DEED OF CESSION
\par 
\par WHAT DID THE CHIEFS OF FIJI CEDE IN RESEPCT OF THEIR LANDS?
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [82]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Chiefs}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  Resolution of 30 September 1874}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  and }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Articles 1, 4, 5, 6 and 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Deed of Cession of 10 October 1874}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  are relevant.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [83]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Mr Vuataki cited, and I accept, the American case of }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Jones}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  v }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Meehan}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  (1899), 175 US 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  and the Canadian case of }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Simon}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  v }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Queen}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  24th DLR (4th) 390, 402}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  as authorities for the proposition that deeds of cession should be interpreted not according to their technical meanings but liberally in favour of the indigenous people.
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ARTICLE 1
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [84]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 He submitted that under }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Article 1}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , the Chiefs only ceded possession, sovereignty and dominion and not Native title over their islands. He cited the Privy Council decision in }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Amodu Tijani}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  (supra) as}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 authority for the proposition that the mere act of cession and any general terms of the Deed of Cession did not extinguish Native title of the Fijians.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Article 1 is such a general term.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 He also relied on the later Privy Council decision in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Oyekan}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  v }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Adele}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  [1957] 2 All E R 785}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [85]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I accept the submission that }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Article 1}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  did no more than cede possession, sovereignty and dominion of the Fiji Islands to the British Crown.
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ARTICLES 4 - 7
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [86]\tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Articles 4, 5, 6 and 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 of the Deed of Cession were in these terms:
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11763655 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls16\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11763655 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 That the absolute proprietorship of all lands, not shown to be now alienated, so as to have become }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 bona fide}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  the property of Europeans or other Foreigners, or not now in the actual use or occupation of some Chief or tribe, or not actually required for the probable future support and mainte
nance of some Chief or tribe, shall be and is hereby declared to be vested in Her said Majesty, Her Heirs and Successors.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11763655 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls16\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11763655 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 That Her Majesty shall have power, whenever it shall be deemed necessary for public purposes, to take any lands upon payment to th
e proprietor of a reasonable sum by way of compensation for the deprivation thereof.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11763655 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls16\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11763655 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
That all the existing public buildings, houses, and offices, all enclosures and other pieces or parcels of land now set apart, or being used for public purposes, and s
tores, fittings, and other articles now being used in connection with such purposes, are hereby assigned, transferred and made over to her said Majesty.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11763655 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls16\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11763655 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 That on behalf of Her Majesty, His Excellency Sir HERCULES GEORGE ROBERT ROBINSON promises (1.)}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Tha
t the rights and interests of the said Tui Viti and other high Chiefs, the Ceding parties hereto, shall be recognised so far as is consistent with British sovereignty, and colonial form of government.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 (2.) That all questions of financial liabilities and engagements shall be scrutinised, and dealt with upon principles of justice and sound public policy.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
(3.) That all claims to titles of land, by whomsoever preferred, and all claims to pensions or allowances, whether on the part of the said Tui Viti and other
 high Chiefs or of persons now holding office under them or any of them, shall in due course be fully investigated and equitably adjusted.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [87]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Mr Vuataki adopted the terminology and concept of native title recognised in }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Mabo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  (supra) and submitted that under }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Article 4}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 radical}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  title was not ceded and therefore was not extinguished.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I am not persuaded by the submission. There is a significant difference between that case and the present case in that the doctrine of }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 terra nullius}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  never applied to the Fiji Islands and, secondly, the lands here were ceded to the British Crown by Deed of Cession on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
10 October 1874}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [88]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I think the answer is to be found in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Article 4 }
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 of the Deed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In my opinion, the Article provides for }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 two situations}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  where the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 absolute proprie
torship of Native land became vested in the British Crown}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , namely, where:
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7695821 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7695821 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Land }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
not shown to be now alienated, so as to have become }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 bona fide}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  the property of Europeans or other Foreigners (}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Non bona fide alienated Native land}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ), }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 and
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7695821 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7695821 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Land }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 not now
 in the actual use or occupation of some Chief or tribe, or not actually required for the probable future support and maintenance of some Chief or tribe}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Unused or Unoccupied Native land}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [89]\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I think this interpretation is consistent with the views expressed by the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Chief Justice}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 1875}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  in this memorandum}{
\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Exhibit P16, p 89-90.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 :
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 FROM THE CHIEF JUSTICE
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par August}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  25, 1875. \endash  My dear Sir Arthur Gordon \endash 
 Since our meeting on Monday I have carefully considered the question of the Ordinance which was then agreed to, and I think it is impossible to pass an Ordinance declaring that the Deed of Cession means what, on the face of it, it clearly does not mean.}
{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 If there could be any doubt on that point, it would be removed by the 15th par. of Sir H. Robinson}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s despatch of 3rd October, in which he states that the 4th clause of the Deed of Cession was drawn in that shape advisedly, and that }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 it would have been impos
sible to have gone farther than this without injustice, and without giving rise at the outset of British rule to serious disaffection and difficulties.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par 
\par In another place he says, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 If any clause had been inserted transferring to Her Majesty all lands irres
pective of private ownership and the requirements of tribes, such a provision would never have been assented to peacefully.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 " }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I think it is clear from this that it was the intention of the parties to the Deed of Cession that the proprietorship of NOT }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 the w
hole of the land within the limits of Fiji,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 but only that of certain specified portions of that land, should be transferred to the Crown, and I do not see how you can declare the intention of the parties to be something totally different from that which they themselves state it to be.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
If the Crown will not accept the gift on those terms, but insists on an absolute and unconditional transfer of the ownership of the whole of the lands in these islands, whether in the occupation of Europeans or natives, this,
 I think, is an act of State, and, as such, is }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 beyond the powers of the local Legislature.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It is now, I think, clear, that the proper time for making such a declaration was at the time of the cession, and the framers of the deed appear to have removed the 
difficulties of the situation from themselves with the result of bequeathing them, perhaps with increased intensity, to those who came after them.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Upon the whole, if it be necessary to follow the directions of paragraph 13 of Lord Carnarvon}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s despatch, lit
erally, by making the declaration there mentioned, I am disposed to think that it should be done by Proclamation and not by Ordinance, at the same time that I cannot see how the transfer can be said to have been made by the Deed of Cession, in the face of
 such a construction being expressly repudiated by Sir H. Robinson himself.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [90]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Further, Article 4, and the whole of the Deed of Cession for that matter, should, in my opinion, be interpreted in the context of the historical events recorded in the above p
assages, in particular, the payment of the Cakobau debt by the Polynesia Land Company in return for Native lands and the subsequent reimbursement by the Colonial Government to the Company of the }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \'a39000}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  payment.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [91]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Thirdly, Article 4 must be read together with Articles 5, 6 and 7.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 
 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Article 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  gave the Crown where public purpose required it, subject to the payment of compensation and }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Article 7(1)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , together with }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Article 1}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , gave supremacy to the Crown where Native rights and interests were inconsistent with British sovereignty and colonial form of government.
\par 
\par }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 BONA FIDE}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  ALIENATED NATIVE LAND
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [92]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I think it is implicit under the first limb of Article 4 that Native title to all Native lands which were alienated }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 bona fide}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  were extinguished and lost forever. Absolute proprietorship vested in the individuals so acquiring such lands.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [93]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Further, it would be an artificial distinction in my opinion to suggest that acquisition by the Crown for public purposes under Article 5 on the payment of compensation extinguished Native title but acquisition }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 bona fide}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  by individuals, which must be by payment of compensation, did not extinguish Native title.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [94]\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Thus, no question of compensation or other relief can arise in respect of such }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 bona fide}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  acquisitions, subject to whether the Land Claims Commission process was proper, an issue which I deal with later on in this judgment.
\par 
\par }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 NON BONA FIDE}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  ALIENATED NATIVE LAND
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [95]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 As to lands }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 not}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  alienated }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 bona fide}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , it seems to me that the plain
 meaning and intention of the words in the first limb of Article 4, in the context which I have referred to above, is that such lands became ceded to and became the absolute property of the British Crown and, consequently, Native title to such lands becam
e extinguished and lost forever.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [96]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I do not think there is any room for the interpretation that such lands were to be held in trust by the Crown for the benefit of the indigenous Fijians.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [97]\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 As I have suggested above, I think the flaw in the submission lies in the assumption that Native title in Fiji is the same as that in the Torres Straits.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [98]\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Thus, no question of compensation or other relief can arise in respect of }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 non bona fide}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  claims.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
UNUSED OR UNOCCUPIED NATIVE LAND
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [99]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
In so far as the second limb of Article 4 is concerned, I do not think it is necessary for me to express an opinion now on what the Article entails because of my view of the facts in this case, other than to say this.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 When }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Article 4}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  is read together with }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Articles 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 7(1)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 7(3)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
, these provisions mean that it is a matter for the Crown to decide which lands were to be acquired for public purposes, and once that decision is made, the compensation is paid and the land is acquired, Native title to such land is
 extinguished and lost forever.
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 APPLICATION TO THE SUVA LANDS
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [100]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
It therefore follows that in respect of the Suva lands, all lands investigated by the Land Claims Commissions and found to be }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 bona fide}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , no claim can be made for them by the Plaintiffs for compensation or any other relief because such lands became the absolute proprietorship of the individual claimants.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [101]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Similarly, in respect of Suva lands that were found to be }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 not}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 bona fide}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  acquisitions, no claim can be made for them because such lands were ceded to the Crown and vested absolute proprietorship in the Crown under Article 4 of the Deed of Cession.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [102]\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In respect of the Suva lands used or occupied by the native Fijians also, I think no claim can be made for them because, as I have s
aid above, Article 4 is to be read subject to Articles 1, 5, 6 and 7.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The purpose for the acquisition of the Suva lands by the Crown was to house Government and for other public purposes.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [103]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I accept the evidence recited abo
ve that the only land in the Suva Peninsula that was occupied by the Suva people immediately prior to Cession was 300 acres which were reserved for them by the Polynesia Company, and for which the Government later paid them compensation of an \'a3
200 annuity and for their relocation to Suvavou.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The adequacy of such compensation and payments is a matter for Executive Government and not for the Court to decide.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
In any event, it was not an issue raised in these proceedings, and even if it was, it would be too late to reopen it now either because it is statute barred or because of estoppel.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It therefore follows that Native title for the 300 acres reserved to the Suva people was extinguished on the payment and acceptance of the annuity of \'a3200 a year in 1882.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [104]\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Mr Vuataki further submitted that Ratu Seru Cakobau had no right, power or authority to sell the Suva lands to the Polynesia Land Company.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Even if he is correct, and I do have some doubts about it, I think it is a matter which is too late to be re-opened now.
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 BREACH OF TRUST AND FAITH IN DECIDING LAND CLAIMS
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [105]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
In my view, the decision to investigate land claims by Lands Claims Commissions established under Ordinances rather than by the Courts was not inconsistent with or prohibited by the Deed of Cession.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 On the contrary, I think such powers were granted to the British Crown under }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Articles 1, 4, 7(1) and 7(3)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [106]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Secondly, such a decision was an Executive decision which is not open for scrutiny in these proceedings.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 [107]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 As to the submission tha
t the process was in breach of trust and faith, I think the submission fails for the reasons give in the following memorandum}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6182962 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid4988722 \chftn }{\insrsid4988722  Exhibit P16, pp 94-96}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 :
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 PRIVATE MEMORANDUM FOR SECRETARY OF STATE
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 September }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 1878 \endash 
 Since I left England, some doubts appear to have arisen as to the exact force and effect of certain words in the deed of cession, with respect to the settlement of claims to land, and it has been suggested that in all cases where a claimant is dissatisfi
ed with the award of the Governor in Council, his claim should be decided by the ordinary action of the courts of law.
\par 
\par I strongly deprecate any change in the system for the settlement of land titles recommended by Sir Hercules Robinson, accepted by the natives and settlers at the time of cession, deliberately adopted by Her Majesty}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Government in 1875, and ever since that date practically acted on by the local government in Fiji.
\par 
\par I am prepared, and should wish to support, my objection to such change by abundant illustrations, and by subsidiary reasons not now put forward.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 But in the present Memorandum (which is not a formal or official exposition of my views), my object is conciseness, and I therefore confine myself to a bare enumeration of the chief groun
ds on which my opinion is based.
\par 
\par I consider that a virtual (though probably not a technical) breach of faith would be involved in any measure which transferred to the Law Courts the cognisance of land claims.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Of the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 intention}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  of those who framed, and thos
e who executed, the deed of cession, there can be no doubt whatever.
\par 
\par That of Sir Hercules Robinson is clearly to be gathered from his Despatches of October 1874 to the Secretary of State, and is explicitly stated in a recent letter to me, which encloses o
ne from Sir George Innes (who drew the deed of cession), explaining the meaning which he intended and still believes his words to convey.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Copies of these letters are appended.
\par 
\par That the language of the deed was understood in the same sense by Cakobau and his Chiefs, and by Mr. Thurston and Mr. Wilkinson acting on their behalf, is equally certain.
\par 
\par Lord Carnarvon}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s Despatch of March 4, 1875, interpreting the deed in a similar manner, has been published throughout Fiji; and I have solemnly declared, over and over again, Her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s decision as to the mode in which claims to land should be considered.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Any intimation now made that, if the decision of the Governor in Council in any case be adverse, the claimant may seek to obtain more favourable consideration f
rom a court of law, would undoubtedly (and not, I think, unreasonably) be held to be a breach of faith, and would shake to its very foundation the confidence which the natives have gradually learnt to repose in the fairness and friendliness of the Governm
ent.
\par 
\par There would be great inconvenience in imposing on a court of law the decision of questions which can hardly be determined except locally.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It is not points of law, but questions of fact, that are usually at issue, and in the great majority of cases the
 dispute is, not whether a piece of land has been sold, but as to what are the boundaries to be assigned to it.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
The delimitation of boundaries is a matter which, as is recognised at home, may be far more satisfactorily performed by such a commission as the Enclosure Commission than by a law court.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 That, in spite of the natural tendency of cour
ts and lawyers to seek to extend their jurisdiction, the Chief Justice of Fiji should be quite as decidedly opposed as myself to the reference to a law court of existing land claims, is grave testimony to the unsuitableness of such courts for their decisi
on.
\par 
\par 3.\tab To the white settlers whose claims have been already allowed, the possible revision of those claims by a court of law would be in many cases disastrous, and would in all cases introduce an element of doubt into their title.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Claims have been allowed 
by the Governor in Council on grounds of occupancy, convenience, etc., which might not hold good in law, and on the faith of the presumed finality of this settlement large sums of money have been, in some cases, expended by those who have been admitted as
 proprietors.
\par 
\par The local government would, it seems to me, be bound in equity to protect those who had acted on the faith of its guarantee.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
As an illustration of what I mean, I may mention that the surveys effected for the Lands Commission have shown that in many cases estates overlap, and that portions of the same land have thus in }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 bona-fide}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  ignorance been sold to two or more persons.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Governor in Council has in such cases divided the land between the different claimants in such a manner as in the varying circumstances of each case seemed equitable.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
A court of law would, I apprehend, in all, or almost all, cases be bound to admit the claims of the first purchaser, should he put them forward.
\par 
\par To those whose claims have not yet been heard the reference to 
a legal decision would in many cases be a hardship, as they would assuredly not receive the same indulgence as has been shown to those whose cases have been dealt with by the Governor in Council; and if in consideration of the facts just mentioned all cla
ims already sanctioned by the Governor in Council were confirmed, they would have a fair ground for complaint that their neighbour}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s claims and their own had not been dealt with or an uniform system.
\par 
\par 4.\tab I have, so far, dealt only with the injury likely to be experienced by white settlers; but it is to the native landowners and vendors that the greatest injustice would be done by the contemplated change.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It is not only that in some cases I have no doubt a claim, }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
prima facie}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  legal, exists, which has probably no foundation in equity, but that there would be the greatest difficulty in bringing the native case before the court.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Every lawyer in the Colony is personally interested in land claims, and would be an unwilling agent in disputing them.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 This, however, is but a minor difficulty.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
What is more serious is that the natives, generally speaking, have neither the means, nor the knowledge, requisite to employ counsel, and that an appeal by a white claimant to the Supreme Court would be practically undisputed.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The e
xtreme unwillingness of the natives to resort to the European law courts, and their profound distrust of them, do not admit of dispute, nor can I convey to any one unacquainted with the country any idea of the exceeding difficulty (amounting to a practica
l }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 impossibility}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ), of inducing them to prefer cases, or to produce witnesses.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 This reluctance is strongest among the natives of the interior, whose interest it is most important to guard.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 If it be urged that the Government might take up the cases on behalf of the natives, I would reply \endash  
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 1st.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 That such a course would be attended with enormous expense; and 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 2nd.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 That it would place the Government in a most undesirable position of antagonism to the white claimant
s, instead of allowing it to hold, as it does now, the place of an impartial and equitable arbitrator.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par Moreover, though the Government can procure the attendance of witnesses before a local commission, it would be next to impossible to bring those from the mountains before the Supreme Court }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 at}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Levuka.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par 
\par 5.\tab To these considerations I must add, that, besides being inevitably attended with enormous practical wrong to the natives, the consequences of a reference to the legal tribunals, and of the real though uni
ntentional hardships which would thereby be inflicted on the native proprietors, might be in the highest degree dangerous.
\par 
\par It must not be forgotten that the natives hold their estates by well defined though often very complicated tenures; that they are ve
ry jealous of the ownership of their hereditary land; that they will not regard with indifference the substitution of a new tribunal for that which has already dealt with the land question, and which they know and trust; and that if they find themselves, 
by the action of a new tribunal, deprived of what they hold to be theirs, they will regard the whole transaction as a fraudulent piece of jugglery on the part of Government.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The almost inevitable result of this would be, sooner or later, an outbreak of a ge
neral and serious character, the suppression of which would prove very costly and very tedious, which would throw back for years (if it did not wholly destroy) the growing prosperity of the Colony, and which would result in the ultimate extirpation of the
 native race.
\par 
\par In short, then, I consider that the proposed change would sacrifice the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 substance}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 of justice to its form, and for the sake of a literal adherence to words, the strict meaning of which may be open to question, would disregard their acknowledge
d intention, whilst a mode of proceedings would be established which must be infinitely more dilatory than that now in use, which is far less likely to determine correctly respecting questions of boundary, and which would practically give an enormous and 
undue advantage to white purchasers over the native vendors.
\par 
\par I therefore strongly recommend that the mode of dealing with land claims prescribed by Her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s Government in 1875 be maintained, and that if it be thought necessary to remove any doubts on 
the matter, a declaratory Ordinance should be passed defining the meaning of the deed of cession to be that which it was intended to bear, using for that purpose the language of Lord Carnarvon}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s Despatch of March 4, 1875. 
\par 
\par At the same time it may perhaps 
be admitted that a power of revision may in some cases be desirable, and I believe that such an arrangement as would satisfy nearly all those who desire a rehearing of their claims might be effected, without bringing the law courts into operation, and wit
hout substantial injustice to the natives, or to those settlers whose claims have already been allowed.
\par 
\par Should Her Majesty}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
s Government be disposed to attach weight to the considerations urged in this Memorandum, I shall be prepared to submit the outline of an Ordinance to provide for such revision.
\par A.H.G
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 A.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls22\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \endash  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Sir Hercules Robinson to Sir A. Gordon}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par August}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  2, 1878 \endash  My dear Gordon \endash  In compliance with your request, I was just about to write and explain fully what my }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 intention }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 was in framing the 4th clause
 of the deed of cession, when I found, on looking over the Bluebook, that what I meant to provide for by that clause, and the mode in which I thought that provision ought to be carried into effect, are points fully explained in the 15th paragraph of my De
spatch of the 28th October 1874 (see pages 4 and 50 of Blue-book).}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I do not see that I can now add anything to make my intention more clear.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The view you take is }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 precisely}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  what was in my mind at the time the deed of cession was being framed; and the plan wh
ich I understand has been carried out for the last three years is, I believe, substantially in unison with the course recommended by me in my Despatch of the 20th October 1874, above referred to.
\par 
\par I do not think that the meaning of clause 4, even taken by itself, admits of reasonable doubt.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The words }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 shown to be}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 were not in the original draft, but were inserted in the revised copy for the purpose of throwing the onus of proof of alienation on the claimants; my feeling being that whilst it would have been 
unjust to confiscate lands which had before the cession become }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 bona-fide}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 private property, it was necessary to leave it entirely to the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Government}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 to decide, in each case, whether the property claimed had, or had not, been fairly acquired.
\par 
\par The contention you refer to, of those whose claims have since been disallowed \endash  that }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
every claim is to be considered good unless by an action brought on behalf of the Crown it is pronounced in the Supreme Court not to be so}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  \endash  appears to me untenable.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 At all events my }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 intention}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 in framing the deed of cession was exactly the reverse, viz. that the proprietorship should be vested in the Crown unless a claim were advanced which on investigation was shown }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
to the satisfaction of the Crown}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  to be good, in which case the title would be confirmed by the issue of a Crown grant to the Claimant.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 If I had intended the onus of proof of non-alienation to be thrown on the Government, I should have used the words }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 shown not to be}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  instead of }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 not shown to be.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 

\par 
\par I never contemplated that the investigation into land claims would be made by a court of law, but recommended that a Commission should be appointed to inquire into the merits of each claim, and to report upon the validity of European titles (see
 par. 15 of 20th October 1874).
\par 
\par I enclose a note which I have received from Sir George Innes concurring in the view taken by you as to the intention with which the 4th clause was fr}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11031399\charrsid4988722 a}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 med. \endash  Yours very truly,
\par 
\par HERCULES ROBINSON.
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11232668\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Sir George Innes to Sir H. Robinson
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par CHAMBERS, ELIZABETH STREET, }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 July 29, 1878. \endash  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 My dear Sir Hercules \endash 
 In accordance with your wish, I have read Sir Arthur Gordon}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 s note of the 14th with reference to the }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 claims to land}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 question in Fiji, and I quite concur in the view he takes as to the intention with which the 4th clause of the deed of cession was framed.
\par 
\par The clause itself, without any aid from clause 7, in my opinion clearly expresses that intention, and the onus of proof of alienation is manifestly thrown upon the claimant in each case.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 It seems to me simply absurd to contend for any other construction of the 4th clause.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8476846\charrsid4988722 [108]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
I respectfully accept the view expressed in the above despatches and therefore find that there is no factual or legal basis to support the submission t
hat there was a breach of trust or faith in the establishment of Lands Claims Commissions to decide land claims or in their processes.
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par FISHING RIGHTS CLAIM
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8476846\charrsid4988722 [109]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Plaintiffs claim that the State, through its Minister and Director of Lands, by declarin
g that the waters surrounding the Suva peninsula and the soil underneath belonged to the State and leasing them out, continued to defraud the Plaintiffs and deprive them of income and compensation.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8476846\charrsid4988722 [110]\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 I think such a claim is unsustainable in light of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Articles 1 and 7(1)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  of the Deed of Cession.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 CONCLUSIONS
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8476846\charrsid4988722 [111]\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 In summary, I have come to the following conclusions.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Native Title
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8476846\charrsid4988722 [112]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Native land tenure and title as at the date of Cession was as follows:
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1985217 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (f)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1985217 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 All lands in Fiji were at one time owned and occupied by the indigenous Fijians.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1985217 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (g)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1985217 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Such lands were communally owned according to Fijian customary law (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Native land}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ).
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1985217 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (h)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1985217 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Such ownership gave exclusive possession and use by the communal owners of the land as a group.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1985217 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1985217 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
But Native land was subject to a Chief, as head and representative of the owners, having the reserve power to sell or otherwise alienate it with or without consultation with his people.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1985217 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (j)\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls9\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1985217 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Having disposed of Native land in this fashion, Native title was extinguished and lost for ever.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Lands vested in the State
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8476846\charrsid4988722 [113]\tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Article 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  of the }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Deed of Cession}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  provides for }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 two situations}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  in which}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
absolute proprietorship of Native land became vested in the British Crown}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 , and Native title is extinguished, namely, where:
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9990279 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9990279 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Land }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
not shown to be now alienated, so as to have become }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 bona fide}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  the property of Europeans or other Foreigners (}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Non bona fide alienated Native land}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 ), }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 and
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9990279 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls17\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9990279 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Land }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
not now in the actual use or occupation of some Chief or tribe, or not actually required for the probable future support and maintenance of some Chief or tribe}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Unused or Unoccupied Native land}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Lands Claims Commissions
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8476846\charrsid4988722 [114]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The decision to investig
ate land claims by Lands Claims Commissions established under Ordinances rather than by the Courts was not inconsistent with or prohibited by the Deed of Cession.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 On the contrary, I think such powers were granted to the Crown under }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Articles 1, 4, 7(1) and 7(3)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8476846\charrsid4988722 [115]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Further, there has been no breach of trust or faith by the British Crown in the carrying out of the land claims process.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Native Title lost for }{
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 bona fide}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  claims
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8476846\charrsid4988722 [116]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Native title in respect of the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 bona fide}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  alienated areas in the Suva peninsula were extinguished and lost for ever by virtue of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Article 4}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
Such lands became the absolute property of the individuals who acquired them.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Native Title lost for }{
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 non bona fide}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  claims
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8476846\charrsid4988722 [117]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 As to lands }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 not}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  alienated }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 bona fide}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
, it seems to me that the plain meaning and intention of the words in the first limb of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Article 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
 is that such lands became ceded to and became the absolute property of the British Crown and, consequently, Native title to such lands became extinguished and lost forever.
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par Native Title lost for the Reserve Area
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8476846\charrsid4988722 [118]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
As at the date of Cession, the only area in actual use and occupation by the Plaintiffs in the Suva peninsula was the 300 acres reserve.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8476846\charrsid4988722 [119]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Native title to the 300 acres reserve was extinguished by virtue of }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Articles 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  read together with }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Articles 1, 5, 6 and 7}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  as lands acquired by the Crown to house Government and for other public purposes for which compensation and other benefits had been given to the Plaintiffs.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Native Title lost for the Fishing Rights Area
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8476846\charrsid4988722 [120]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Native title was lost to the Fishing Rights area by virtue of }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Articles 1 and 7(1)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  of the Deed of Cession.
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Final result
\par }\pard \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7481620\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7481620\charrsid4988722 [121]\tab The final result is that Native title to all of the Suva peninsula lands have
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4722290\charrsid4988722 b}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7481620\charrsid4988722 een extinguished and all of the Plaintiffs claims must therefore fail and the relief
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 sought by them is refused.

\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7481620\charrsid4988722 
\par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 COSTS
\par 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8476846\charrsid4988722 [122]\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Defendants would normally be entitled to their costs.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4988722  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
However, they used in-house counsel and are in a better position to absorb the costs in this case so I make no order as to costs.
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 FINAL ORDERS
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8476846\charrsid4988722 [123]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Orders}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722  are as follows:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12091287 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls23\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12091287 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 The Plaintiffs claims are dismissed.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12091287 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls23\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12091287 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 There is no order as to costs.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4988722 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 
\par \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6182962\charrsid4988722 Sosefo Inoke
\par Judge}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814482\charrsid12091287 
\par }}