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{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 MADHWAN SINGH \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 Defendant \par }\pard \s16\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2846164 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 Counsel:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2846164 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 Samad Law for the Plaintiff \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2846164 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 Sunil Kumar ESQ for the Defendant. \par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \par Date of Interlocutory Judgment}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 :}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2846164 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 29th November, 2010 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2846164 \f37\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2846164 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 INTERLOCUTORY JUDGMENT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2846164 {\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2846164 {\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 This is an application made by the defendant appellant seeking following orders: \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a.\tab}}\pard\plain \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2846164 \f37\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 That leave be granted to appeal out of time of the judgment of Mr. Eparama Rokoika of 2nd October 2008 which was read out in open court on the 11th December 2008 in Civil Case No 007 0f 2008. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2846164 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b.\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2846164 { \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 That an order for a stay of the said judgment. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2846164 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c.\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2846164 { \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 That an order for a stay of the Order made by Mr Chaitanya Lakshman dated 5th November 2009 on means test in judgment debtor summons. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2846164 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 d.\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2846164 { \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 That the cost of this application be in the cause. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2846164 \f37\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \par In support of the motion the defendant filed an affidavit. \par \par The facts of the affidavit can be summarised as follows: \par \par The plaintiff had instituted an action against the defendant on 8.02.2009 which was heard by the Magistrate on 8.9.2008. The written submission was ordered to file on 2.09.2008.The defendant}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164 '}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 s solicitor delayed in filing written submission but obtained the consent of the plaintiff to file the submission. When the written submission was taken to the Magistrate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164 '}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 s Court registry it was refused by the registry stating that the judgment had already been written by the magistrate. The Magistrate had delivered the judgment on 11.12.2008. \par \par In response to the defendant}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 s affidavit the plaintiff filed affidavit. In the affidavit the plaintiff states that the learned Magistrate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164 '}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 s decision was made on evidence and submissions filed by the plaintiff}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 s solicitor. \par \par Having cited some authorities, the defendant}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 s counsel laid great stress on the Magistrate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 s failure to consider the defendant}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 s written submission and its impact on the learned Magistrate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 s decision. Further, the principles upon which leave to appeal application should be granted were also stressed by the defendant. \par \par However, it is interesting to note that there is no evidence to show that the defendant had ever given the notice of intention to appeal in the magistrate court. \par \par Before going into the merits of the Magistrate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 s decision, court has to first consider whether the defendant has advanced any cogent reason to justify his delay in filing the leave to appeal out of time application. \par \par Appeals from the Magistrates Court to the High Court are governed by the }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 Order xxxvii of the Magistrates Court Rules }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 which provides: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2846164 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 The appellant shall within one month from the date of the decision appealed from, including the day of such date, file in the court below the grounds of his appeal, and shall cause a copy of such grounds of his appeal to be served on the respondent. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2846164 {\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \par The deci sion in the Magistrate court was delivered on 11.12 2008. The grounds of appeal were filed by the defendant on 4th December 2009. That is almost one year after the judgment of the Magistrates Court. It is apparent that the defendant failed to file his gro unds of appeal within one month from the date of the Magistrates Court judgment. \par \par Therefore, the onus of satisfying the court of the need for enlargement of time is on the defendant appellant. \par \par In }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 A.G & Another v. Paul Praveen Sharma, Fiji Court of Appeal, Civil App: No. ABU00041/93S 17.05.1995, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 five factors were identified for consideration in applications of this nature. These factors were reiterated by }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 Justice Gates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 (as he then was) in }{ \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 Locks Crain and Constructors Ltd v.Clutch Systems (Fiji) Ltd [2002]FJHC 06. \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 They were: \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard\plain \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2846164 \f37\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 The reasons for the failure to comply, \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}The length of delay. \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}Is there a question which justifies serious consideration? \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}If there has been a substantial delay, do any of the grounds urged by the applicant have such merit that t hey would probably succeed? \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}The degree of prejudice to the respondent in enlarging time. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2846164 {\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2846164 \f37\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 It could be observed that the affidavit filed by the defendant does not disclose any valid reason for the failure to comply with the time limit within which the appeal shall be made. \par \par Following authorities would throw lights as to how the court should approach in deciding the issue of delay. \par \par In }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 C.M.Stillevoldt B v. E.L.Carriers (1983) 1 WLR 207}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 the court allowed an extension where the applicant}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164 '}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 s solicitors were 2 weeks late in setting down the appeal where as }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 in R v. Rhodes (1910) 5Cr App 35}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 a month was considered a substantial interval of time. In }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 R.v. Marsh (1935) 25 Cr. App.R}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 49}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 , two months were referred to as considerable delay. In both cases the application was refused. \par \par In }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 Rawashdeh v.Lane (1988) EG109}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 six weeks delay was referred to as lengthy. \par \par In }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 Revici v. Prentice Hall Incorporated and Others (1969) 1 All. E.R.772}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 it was held that: \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 i.\tab}}\pard\plain \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2846164 \f37\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 The rules of the court must be observed and it matt ered not that the plaintiff had offered to pay the costs and that no injustice would be done to the other side. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2846164 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\s15 \i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 ii.\tab}}\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2846164 { \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 If there was non-compliance of the rules it must be explained; and prima facie if no excuse was offered, no indulgence should be granted. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2846164 {\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2846164 \f37\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 In that case }{ \b\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 Lord Denning M.R.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 dealt with the issue of delay and non compliance with rules as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2846164 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164 "}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 Nowadays we regard time very differently from what they did in the 19th century. We insist on the rules as to time being observed. We have had o ccasion recently on the rules as to time being observed. We have had occasion recently to dismiss many cases for want of prosecution when people have not kept to the rules as to time. So here, although the time is not so very long, it is quite long enough . There was ample time for considering whether there should be an appeal or not. (I should imagine it was considered.) moreover (and this is important), not a single ground or excuse is put forward to explain the delay and why he did not appeal. The plaint iff had three and half month in which to lodge his notice of appeal to the judge and he did not do so. I am quite content with the way in which the judge has exercised his discretion. I would dismiss the appeal and refuse to extend the time anymore}{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164 "}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2846164 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 The grant of leave to appeal out of time is entirely a matter for the discretion of the court. \par \par The following passage from the judgment of Privy Council in }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 Ratnam v. Comaraswami and Another [1964] 3 All.E.R 933 at 935}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 amply demonstrate the courts reluctance to grant leave to appeal in a case of this nature in the absence of substantial reasons. \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2846164 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 The Rules of court must prima facie, be obeyed, and in order to justify a court in extending the time during which some step in procedure requires to be taken, there must be some material on which the court can}{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164 }{ \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 exercise its discretion. If the law were otherwise, a party in breach would have an unqualified right to an extension of time which would defeat the purpose of the rules which is to provide a time table for the conduct of litigation. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2846164 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2846164 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 Though the court has power to extend the period of fourteen days under the above rule even when that period has expired, the power will not be exercised unless there is some good and reasonable excuse for the applicant having failed to act within the prescribed period.}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164 ' }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2846164 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 In the instant case, the delay was one year, which is not excusable in the absence of any reasonable explanation by the defendant. \par \par In the Magistrates Court the defendant failed to file his written submission on the due date. But the defendant managed to get the consent of the plaintiff to file it. By that time the magistrate had written the judgment. \par \par It was the duty of the defendant to file written submission on time. The defendant}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 s allegation is that the registry refused to accept the defendant}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164 '}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 s submission on the ground that the judgment had already been written. Having failed to file the written submission on time, the defendant asks the court to say that an extension of time ought to be granted to him. \par \par When the defendant failed to file written submission on the due date the Magistrate was not required to wait without writing the judgment. \par \par Furthermore, had the defendant been prejudiced due to the non acceptance of the written submissions by the court, the defendant should have filed his grounds of appeal within the stipulated time. \par \par Merely because the defendant states that he has an arguable issue, court is not bound to grant enlargement of time. The defendant must explain the delay. In order to do that the defendant must give cogent reasons. If the court grants enlargement of time disregarding the length of delay in filing the grounds of appeal, it would frustrate the purpose of Order xxxvii of the Magistrates Cou rt Rules. \par \par Therefore, in my view, no ground for acceding to the defendant}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 s application has been shown. \par \par Having regard to the above, I conclude that the defendant has failed to establish that substantial injustice was caused to him by the Magistrate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 s fai lure to consider the written submission. Also the intended appeal does not raise any vital point of law requiring the attention of the High Court. \par \par The defendant appellant has also failed to show sufficient cause or merit to justify his application for leave to appeal out of time. \par \par I, therefore dismiss the defendant appellant}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 s application for leave to appeal out of time and also dismiss the application for stay the Magistrate Court}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164 '}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 s judgment and order. \par \par The plaintiff respondent is awarded cost which is summarily assessed in the sum of $500.00. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2846164 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 Pradeep Hettiarachchi \par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 JUDGE \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2846164 {\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid7670469 At Suva \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2846164\charrsid2846164 29th November, 2010 \par }}