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\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ANASA VOCEA \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Hearing:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 22 & 23 October 2010 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Ruling:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 26 October 2010 \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Counsel:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Mr. V. Perera & Ms E. Leweni for \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 FICAC \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Mr. B. Lateef & Mr. P. Yaqona for Accused \par \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 RULING ON NO CASE TO ANSWER \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 1\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 After the close of case for the prosec\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ution, counsel for the defence\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 submits that there is no case for the Accused to answer. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 2\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A no case to answer application is gover\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ned by section 231(1) of the Criminal Procedure Decree.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Section 231(1) provides: \par \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 When the evidence of the witnesses for the prosecution has been concluded, and after hearing (if necessary) any arguments which the prosecution or the defence may desire t\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 o submit, the court shall record a finding of not guilty if it considers that there is no evidence that the accused person (or any one of several accused) committed the offence.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 3\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 S\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ection 231(1) \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 is in identical terms with its predecessor, that is, \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sec\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 tion 293(1) of the Criminal \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Procedure C\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ode.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The test is \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that there must be some relevant and admissible evidence, direct or circumstantial, touching on all the elements of the offence\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Matters of the credibility and weight of the evidence are not within \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the province of the judge at this stage of the trial\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (}{ \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Sisa Kalisoqo v. State}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Crim. App. No. 52 of 1984, }{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 State v. Mosese Tuisawau}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Crim. A.\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 R.\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 No. 14 of 1990)\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 4\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The Accused is charged with eight counts of fraudulent conversion and eight counts of\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 false de\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 claration.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Except for the dates and amounts,\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 same particulars are alleged in the charges.}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The counts charging\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 fr \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 audulent conversion allege\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that the Accused being entrust\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ed with money paid to him as Director}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s Fees from Pacific Forum Line\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (NZ) Limited,\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 in \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 order that he may pay i\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t into the Ministry of Finance,\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he instead fraudulently converted the said Director}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s Fees to his own benefit. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 5\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 T\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 h\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e false declaration counts allege\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that the Accused knowingly and wilfully made a false declaration in a Fiji Islan \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ds Revenue & Customs Authority \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Form \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 by omitting to declare the income he earned as Director}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s Fees from Pacific \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 F\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 orum Line (NZ\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ) \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Limited. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [6]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 There is no doubt that t \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 offence of false declaration is an alternative to the offence of \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 fraudulent conversion\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ,\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 albeit, the \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Information does not expressly \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 state\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that the charges are in alternative. \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The failure to charge the two offences in alternative is not necessarily fatal to the prosecution. Any prejudice that may arise to the Accused due to the prosecution}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s f\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ailure to expressly state that the charges are in alternative can be cured by appropriate direction to the assessors to treat the offences in alternative and reach an opinion on either one of the offence. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 7\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 T\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he offence of fraudulent conversion that the\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Accused is charged, is created by section 279(1)(c)(i) of the Penal Code.}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Section 279(1)(c)(i) reads: \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 An\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 y person who \hich\f0 \endash \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 being entrusted either solely or jointly with any other person with any property in order that he may retain in safe custody or app \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ly, pay, or deliver, for any purpose or to any person, the property or any part thereof or any proceeds thereof; \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 is guilt\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 y of a misdemeanor, \'85\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 8\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The offence of false declaration is defined by section 121(b) of the Penal Code as follows: \par \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Any perso\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 n who knowingly and willfully makes (otherwise than on oath) a statement false in a material particular and the statement is made \hich\f0 \endash \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 in an abstract, account, balance sheet, book, certificate, declaration, entry, estimate, inventory, notice, report, return\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 or other document which he is authorized or required to make, attest or verify by any Act for the time being in force; \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 is guilty of a misdemeanor.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 9\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The offence of fraudulent conversion has three essential elements.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The elements were succinctly exp\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ressed by Halle\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t J in }{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 R v. Boyce}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 40 Cr. Ap. R. 62 at p63}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 : \par \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Where the charge is one of fraudulent conversion, it is essential that three things should be proved to the satisfaction of the jury; first that the money was entrusted to the accused person for\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a particular purpose; secondly that he used it for some other purpose and thirdly that the misuse of the money was fraudulent and dishonest.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 10\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Both counsel filed detailed submissions. I do not find it necessary to outline every submission of counsel\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . For the purpose of this application, I summarize and highlight those submissions which have some bearing o\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the issues. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [11]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Counsel for the defence submits that there is no evidence of entrustment of the funds by the paying entity on the Accused to pay\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 it to the Government of Fiji.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The charges allege that the Director}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s Fees were paid by Pacific Forum Line (NZ) Limited, while the evidence is that the fees were paid by Pacific Forum Line Limited.}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 These are two separate legal entities, \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 former being \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a subsidiary of the latter.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [12]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In my view t \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he wrong company name in the charges is not \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 material defect\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . I cannot see how the defence was misled by the error. The entity from which the Accused received funds is not an essential element of the offence\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 of fraudulent conversion. The crucial elements are that the Accused was entrusted with the funds for a particular purpose and that he fraudulently used it for \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 his \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 own purpose. These elements \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 are \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 alleged in the charges. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [13]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Similarly, as regards the fal \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 se declaration charges, the source of the Accused}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s income is not \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 material ingredient. The crucial ingredients are that the Accused knowingly and willingly made a false declaration by omitting to disclose his \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 true income. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [14]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In any event, the charges \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 can \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 be \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 amended under \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 section 214(2) of the Criminal Procedure Decree \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 so that the particulars \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 conform \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the evidence led at the trial\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 I \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 am satisfied\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that no injustice will be caused to the Accused \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 if \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 this amendment\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 is made\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 I direct that the reference \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the word \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (NZ) to the name of the company Pacific Forum Line Limited is to be deleted from the charges in conformity with the evidence. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [15]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Pacific Forum Line (PFL) Limited is a limited liability company.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 PFL Limited is into shipping business and the\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 objective\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 of the company is to make profit.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The shareholders of PFL Limited \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 are the governments of twelve regional countries, including the Government of Fiji.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 PFL Limited is run by a Bo\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ard of Directors.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Directors \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 are\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 appointed under Articles of As \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sociation of PFL Limited (D15).}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A Director is appointed by each shareholder and \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he or she can be \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 removed by giving written notice to PFL Limited by the shareholder.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The Articles \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 of Association allows\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the Director to be appointed from both\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 public and \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the private sector\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 T\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he Articles \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 of Association allows\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 payment of remuneration \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to the Directors \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 for their services to the Company.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The remuneration is paid as \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Director}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s Fees. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 16\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Counsel for the defence submits that t\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he Director}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s Fees paid to the Acc\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 used were his entitlement under the Articles of Association of PFL Limited or at le \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 st the Accused honestly believed it was his lawful entitlement.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Counsel for the defence further submits that after the Accus\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d was paid Director}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s Fees by PFL Limited, the\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 re is no evidence that he had applied the funds for fraudulent use. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 17\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Counsel for the prosecution submits that the Accused received the Director}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s Fees in his capacity as a \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 public servant of the Government \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 of Fiji.}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 He was appointed to the Board of Dir\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ectors of PFL Limited in his capacity as a public official and not in a private capacity.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The Government of Fiji was a shareholder in PFL Limited.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 When the Accused attended meetings of PFL Board of Directors he was representing the Government of Fiji.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 T\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he Accused was in a fiduciary relationship with the G\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 overnment of Fiji and when he received \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Director}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s Fees he had a legal duty \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 under the Public Service Commission General Orders \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 return the funds to the Government of Fiji.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Counsel submits that instead \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 of returning the funds to the Government of Fiji, the Accused admits that he \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 cashed \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the cheques he received from PFL Limited as Director}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s Fees\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and deposited t\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he funds\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 into his personal bank account in New Zealand\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 18\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Counsel for the defence relies on \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he decision of the High Court of Australia in }{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Stephens v. The Queen}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (1978) 139 CLR 31\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 5,}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 for the principles\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to be applied in \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 determining the\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 issue \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 That case involved a charge of fraudulent conversion under identical legislation. The accused received depo\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sits under building contracts and it was alleged that instead of applying the money in accordance with the terms of those building contracts he fraudulently converted it to his own use.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The question of whether the deposit moneys had been entrusted to the \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 accused for that purpose depended entirely upon the construction of the contract document under which it had been paid. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 19\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 T\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he principles to be applied are expressed in the following extracts from the majority decision delivered by Gibbs J: \par \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 If the ac\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 cused has obtained or assumed control of the property of another under circumstances whereby he becomes entrusted, and he fraudulently converts it, he commits an offence against the section\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (page 332) \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 It is accepted that there can only be an offence u\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nder this subsection if there was a fiduciary element in the relationship of the accused person to the property alleged to have been fraudulently converted by him\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (page 333) \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 One of the ordinary meanings of the word }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 entrust}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 is }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to confide the care an\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d disposal of}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (see Shorter Oxford English Dictionary) and it is in that sense that the word is used in the section.}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 To bring the case within the section, the property must have been entrusted to the accused either for safekeeping or to be applied, paid o\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 r delivered for a purpose or to a particular person.}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\f0 In other words it must have been earmarked for certain purposes which are not the purposes of the accused \'85\loch\f0 It is necessary to consider the terms on which the property was received.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 If money were given\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to the accused on terms that he might use it as he wished, but must later return it (for example if an ordinary loan were made to the accused) the case would not be within the section\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (page 333) \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Professor Smith in an article }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The Scope of Fraudulent \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Conversion}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [1961] Crim Law Review 797, at p.800 suggests the following test where the ownership in money is transferred: \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Was the transferee permitted, under the terms of the contract, to use the money as he thought fit; or was he obliged to apply it in \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a particular way or to retain an equivalent sum, either in his possession or in a bank? Only in the latter event can the transferee commit fraudulent conversion.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 This seems to be a practical test to apply.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (page 334) \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 20\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The majority recognized that\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 every case must depend on its own facts.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 They held that whether or not there was an }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 entrusting}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 depended upon the construction of the written contract.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 That contract referred to the deposit paid as }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 funds held in trust}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and provided that the accused wa\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s not authorized to use the funds until finance for the house had been approved.}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 They were then to be used for the purposes of the contract.}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The funds were earmarked for that purpose and that was an entrustment. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The finance was never approved and the ac \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 cused therefore fraudulently converted these fund\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 when he used them for his own purposes. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 21\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The strong minority decision delivered by Barwick CJ adopted a slightly different approach to this issue.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 It held that the word }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 entrusted}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 contemplates money\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 being paid to another on terms that the money remains the property of the payer at law or in equity and that it shall be applied to some specific and specified purpose.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 It is a fiduciary relationship because the money has never become the property of the\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 recipient.}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The test of entrustment }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 is whether or not the common intention of the parties was that the money handed over should remain the property of the payer}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (page 323).}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 It was considered that a proper construction of the contract }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 did not evince a \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 mutual intention that the deposit moneys remain the property of the owners}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (page 330).}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 It merely created a debtor and creditor relationship.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 There was therefore no entrustment and no offence of fraudulent conversion committed. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 22\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The judgments in }{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Ste\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 phens v. The Queen}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (supra) provide a very helpful review of the earlier decisions and the principles to be applied in cases of fraudulent conversion.}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The two different approaches to the interpretation of }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 entrustment}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 are very enlightening but the decisio\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 n of the majority is the more persuasive authority. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 23\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In my judgment\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the words }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 entrust\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ment}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 purpose}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 as used in s\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ection 279(1)(c)(i) of the Penal Code are intrinsically related.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 There must be a mutual purpose for which money or property is hande\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d over that creates a fiduciary relationship between the recipient and that money or property.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 It is that fiduciary element which makes the handing over of the money or property an entrustment.}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The recipient is \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 n \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ot free to do whatever he wishes with the \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 money or property.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The use of it for a different purpose would be a breach of the recipient}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s fiduciary duty in relation to that property.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The purpose must, of course, be one of the purposes defined in Section 279(1)(c)(i). \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [24]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The primary fact \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that is\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 not in dispute is that t\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he Accused was appointed as a Director to PFL Limited Board by \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a Cabinet Minister in Government of Fiji. At the time of the appointment, the Accused was holding a senior position as the Permanent Secretary for the Ministry for Work\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s and Transport.}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 There is evidence \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 for consideration \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that he attended the Board meetings of PFL Limited in his capacity as a public official of the Government of Fiji because he was being remunerated by his employer \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 as Permanent Secretary \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 for the period h\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e attended the meetings.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 It therefore follows that when he received an additional remuneration\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ,\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Director}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s Fees\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ,\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 while being paid\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a government salary\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 at the same time\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , he \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 would have been\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 legally bound by the Public Service General Orders that required\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 any additional remuneration to be paid into Government revenue.}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 It is the official position of the Accused in the public service that created \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 fiduciary\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 relationship with his employer \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 W\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 hen \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he was paid \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 fees \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 as remuneration\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 in addition to his gov\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ernment salary when performing \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 an\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 official duty, \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the question remains whether \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the fees\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 which were entrusted\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to him \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 were\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 be\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 paid into Government revenue. \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The evidence is that\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 from 2000 to 2007\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the Accused cashed the cheques he received from PFL Limited a\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s Director}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s Fees and \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 then put t\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he funds\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 into his personal bank account in New Zealand. There is evidence\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 available\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that the Accused never paid those funds into Governme\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 nt revenue when he returned \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 home from his official duty abroad.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 On the evidence, it\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 is\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 open to\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 be concluded that \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 effective c\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 onversion took place in Fiji although it began in New Zealand. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [25]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 There is evidence that when the Accused filed his income tax returns he did not disclose the remuneration he received as Director}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s Fees from PHL Lim\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ited \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to Fiji Islands Revenue and Customs Authority \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 until 2010 when he \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 filed amended returns after \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 such \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 procedure\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 was permitted under a new law.}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 There is also evidence that the Accused has returned the \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 se same\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Director}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s Fee\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 which\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he had received from PFL \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Limited to the Company. The first payment was made on 21 0ctober 2008 in an amount of $100,000.00 (D18). The second payment was made\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 on\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 4 November 2009 in an amount of $56,815.00 (D19). \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [26]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 I find that there is \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 available\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 relevant and admissible evidence \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 on all the counts\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and that there is jurisdiction to try the offences. \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The intention, knowledge and belief of the Accused are\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 however\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 matters of inference for the assessors after considering\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 whole of the evidence. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [27]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Th\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e Accused \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 therefore \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 has a case \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to answer. \par \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Daniel Goundar \par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 JUDGE}{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1264042 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042 \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 At Suva \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 26 October 2010 \par \par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Solicitors:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1264042\charrsid1264042 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Office of Fiji Independent Commission Against Corruption for Prosecution \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Office of \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Messrs. Lateef & Lateef for Accused \par }}