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\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3696033 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3696033 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 SALENDRA SEN SINHA \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3696033 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Hearing:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 13\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 th \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 October 2010 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Ruling:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 14\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 th \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 October 2010 \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Counsel:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Ms A. Tuiketei \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 & Ms \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 A. \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Lomani \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 for State \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Mr. H.A. Shah for Accus\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ed \par \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3696033 {\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 RULING \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3696033 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 1\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The defence objects to the admissibility of the accused}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s caution statements.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The statements are contained in the record of inter\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 views of the accused (MFI 1A & B\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ).}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The accused was interviewed twice under caution. \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The first interview was\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 conduc \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ted at Namaka Police Station \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 on 13 September 200\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 7\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The second interview was conducted at CID Headquarters in Suva on 28 October 2007 and concluded on 29 Octob\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 er 2007.}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 T\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he accused mad \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 incriminating statements in these interviews. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 2\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The sole gro\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 und for objection is \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that the accused was induced in making\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 incriminating statements. The form of inducement \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 was\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 a promise that the accused \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 would not be charged if he assisted the police to identify ot\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 hers involved in the case\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 3\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The princi\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ple\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 of ad\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 missibility of self incriminating\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 statements is\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 settled.}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In }{ \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 R v Ibrahim}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [1914] AC 599}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , Lord\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Sumner laid down the principle\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 as follows: \par \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3696033 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 It has long been established as a positive rule of English criminal law that no statement by an accused is admissible\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 in evidence against him unless it is shown by the prosecution to have been a \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 voluntary statement in the sense that it has not been obtained from him either by fear of prejudice or hope of advantage exercised or held out by a person in authority.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 } {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The prin\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ciple is as old as Hale.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3696033 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 4\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 An inducement\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 may take the form of some fear \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 of prejudice or hope of advantage exercised or held out by the person in authority }{ \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (}{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 R v Voisin}{ \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [1918] 1 KB, at pp 537, 538)}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 I\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 n }{ \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 R v Smith}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ( \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 1959) 43 Cr. App. R. 121}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 it was held \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 tha\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t even the most gentle threat or slight inducement will taint a confession.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The burden of provi\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ng admissibility\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 is on the prose\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 cution and the standard is\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 beyond reasonable doubt }{ \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (}{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 R v Sartori}{ \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 (1961) Crim. L.R. 397)}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 5\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The prosecution called th\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 r\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ee witnes\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ses.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Inspector Sha\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 lesh Kumar was\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 both the investigating \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and the interviewing officer in this case.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 DC Rajesh K \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 umar witnessed the first\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 interview while Shamim Khan from FIRCA \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 office witnessed the\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 second interview\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The interviews are signed by these offic\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ers and the accused.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 There is no dispute regarding the \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 authenticity\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 of the signatures. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 6\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The accused gav\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e evidence.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 He gave \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 evidence of his dealing\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s with Inspector Kumar\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 while the investigations were on going. The accused gave evidence of \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 three se\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 cre\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 payments \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that he made \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Inspector Kumar in return of certain favours from him\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The payments were in cash.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The accused said that\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Inspector Kumar\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 promised him \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that he would not \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 b\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 e charged if he assisted \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the police to implicate \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 others involved in the case\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 He said he was led to believe\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 by Inspector Kumar \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 that he was going to be made a State witness.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The accused said he was surprised when he was charged on 6 November 2007. \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The accused also said that \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Inspector\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Kumar \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 promised him that the prosecution was no\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t g\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 oing to oppose bail and bail was in fact not opposed \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 by the prosecutor \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 when he \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 was \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 presented in the Magistrates}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Court. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 7\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Inspe\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ctor Kumar\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 denies making any promise to the accused.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 He denies taking any payments from the accused.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Inspe\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ctor Kumar\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 sai\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 d that the accused freely\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 and voluntarily\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 made the statements in his interview\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The witnessing officers gave evidence supporting the evidence of Inspector Kumar. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 8\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 If there was a promise made to the accused, not to charge him in return for his statemen\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ts implicating others involved in the case, then in law that would amount to an inducement \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 . T\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he issue is one of credibility of Inspector Kumar and the accused. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 9\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 The defence submits that Inspector Kumar had sufficient evidence to charge the accused \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 in \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 September 2005\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 , but he unnecessarily delayed to charge him\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 until November 2007 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 because he had promised the accused that he would be made a State witness. The defence further sub\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 mits that\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the accused co\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 -\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 operated during the \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 caution interview because\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 the prom\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ise \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 operated in his mind. T\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 he defence invites the Court to reject the evidence of Inspector Kumar and to accept the evidence of the accused. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 10\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 In assessing the credibility of the witnesses, I bear in mind their demeanour when they gave evidence.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 I be\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ar in mind that police officers are experienced and trained witnesses. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 11\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 However, in the present case, I find Inspector Kumar to be a credible witness. \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 I reject the evidence of the accused on the alleged promise made to him by Inspector Kumar. \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 If such\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 promise was indeed made, the accused would not have waited until 2010 to inform his counsel about the promise. He was charged in 2007. In his charge statement he makes no mention about the alleged inducement by Inspector Kumar. Inspector Kumar was not in \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 v\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 olved in charging of the accused. A different police\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 officer\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 was\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 involved \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 in charging the accused.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 12\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 It must have surely occurred \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 to the accused\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 tha\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 t the promise made to him by Inspector Kumar\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 was very important. But it took him almost three years to\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 inform his counsel about it. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 13\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Unfortunately, I have to make findings on credibility on collateral issues, when the substantive issues are still to be tried. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 14\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 I accept Inspector Kumar}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s explanation for the \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 delay in the investigation of the case\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 .\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 This was a complicated investigation and he said he had to carry our further investigation to verify the statements of the accused that he made in his interviews. The verifications are reflected in the second interview of the accused.}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 I accept Inspector\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Kumar}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 s evidence that the accused freely and voluntarily gave statements, and without any inducement. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 [\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 15\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 I am satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that the accused was not induced by a promise to make statements. The caution statements of the accused \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 are admissible. \par \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3696033 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Daniel Goundar \par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 JUDGE}{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3696033 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 At Suva \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 14\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 October 2010 \par \par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Solicitors:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3696033\charrsid3696033 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions for State \par \hich\af0\dbch\af37\loch\f0 Office of Messrs. Haroon Ali Shah for Accused \par }}