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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
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\par Mr. L. Sovau and Ms Vateitei for the State
\par Accused in Person
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 Date of Hearing:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 7 & 20 October 2010
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\par [1]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 The accused was originally charged with Act with Intent
 to cause Grievous Bodily Harm, contrary to section 255(a) of the Crimes Decree 2009.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 The charge on the information reads as follows:}{
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\par }\pard \ql \li294\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin294\itap0\pararsid6765947 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 Particulars of Offence}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 

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KOLINIO SIKITORA on the 14th day of March, 2010 at Nadi in the Western Division with intent to do some grievous harm to SERUWAIA CIRIKIBUYA unlawfully wounded the said SERUWAIA CIRIKIBUYA with a hose pipe.
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\par [2]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 
To this offence, he pleaded guilty in the Magistrates Court and on the 27th September 2010, he confirmed that plea of guilty in this Court, a plea which he stated to be entirely voluntary and considered.
\par 
\par [3]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 A set of facts was put to the accused, who said he understood the facts and admitted them all.}{
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The Court being of the view that the facts did not support the charge laid, acquitted him of that charge however pursuant to section 160(2) of the Criminal Proced
ure Decree 2009 he was convicted of the lesser offence of an assault occasioning actual bodily harm (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 aoabh}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 ) contrary to section 275 of the Crimes Decree.
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\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 Offences Against the Person
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\par [4]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 The Crimes Decree provides for a range of offences to cater for assaults in varying degrees.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 They are, in declining order of severity:
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\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 Causing grievous harm (section 258).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 
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\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 Unlawful wounding (section 261).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 
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\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard \ql \li322\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin322\itap0\pararsid6765947 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 Assault occasioning actual bodily harm (section 275).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6765947 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (e)\tab}}\pard \ql \li322\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin322\itap0\pararsid6765947 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 Common assault (section 274).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6765947 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (f)\tab}}\pard \ql \li322\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin322\itap0\pararsid6765947 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 Negligent act causing harm (section 269).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16215506 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 
\par [5]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 Obviously the circumstances and facts of each case will determine which charge is laid by the prosecution.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 The terms }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 
grievous harm}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506  and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 
harm}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506  are defined in the Crimes Decree (section 4) \endash }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 Grievous harm}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506  means any harm which \endash 
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16215506 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 amounts to a maim or dangerous harm; or}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16215506 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16215506 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 seriously or permanently injures health or which is likely so to injure health; or}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16215506 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16215506 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 extends to permanent disfigurement, or to any permanent or serious injury to any external or internal organ, member or sense.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16215506 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16215506 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 harm}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506  means any bodily hurt, disease or disorder whether permanent or temporary.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16215506 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 
\par [6]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 The facts were that the accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 s wife was ill and he had told his 19 year old daughter, the victim in this case to stay home and look after her.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 This she did not do and she remained at her own place of work.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 
The accused fetched her and took her home where he hit her thighs with a hose pipe.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 He then sat her down and shaved all
 the hair from her head.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 If that was not enough, he then made her carry a 20 litre Flagon filed with water around the house saying }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 I will not tell lies to my father again}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 .
\par 
\par [7]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 It is quite apparent that hitting of another}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 s legs with a hose pipe is not an intent to cause grievous bodily harm, unless the actus reus is of such a violent nature that there might be an attempt to break bones.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 There is no such evidence in the factual basis in this case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 However, it has been held in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 DPP v Smith}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 
 [2006] 2 Cr. App. R., that cutting of another}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 s hair can amount to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 bodily harm}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 
 and therefore this assault should have definitely been charged under section 275 of the Crimes Decree 2009.
\par 
\par [8]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 The framing of relevant charges is a fine art and they should be revisited time
 and again to check that they appropriately reflect the factual situation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 
If, as I suspect happened here, the Police draft the initial charge when the suspect is taken to the Magistrate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 
s Court, then it is a duty of the State Counsel to review that charge before the information is filed in this Court.
\par 
\par [9]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 
In mitigation, the accused handed up a handwritten letter to the Court in which he stressed his early plea of guilty, his deep remorse, and offering an apology to his daughter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 He is 53 years old and a first offender.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 
His incarceration has wreaked havoc on the family}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 s financial future.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 His four months spent in custody on remand has reinforced his desire to lead a law abiding life, and to be a responsible parent.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 He previously worked as a security officer in Nadi and has 3 children and a wife.
\par 
\par [10]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 The victim gave sworn testimony in Court to say that she has forgiven her father, and that they are reconciled.
\par 
\par [11]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 The State was invited to make submissions on sentence, but failed to do so.
\par 
\par [12]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 
There are no precedents for this offence enacted under the Crimes Decree 2009, however the terms of the offence are the same as the old Penal Code offence under section 245 and the maximum penalty remains the same at five years.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 The cases decided under the Penal Code offence of assault occasioning actual bodily harm are therefore apposite.
\par 
\par [13]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 The cases of }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 Elizabeth Joseph v State}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506  [2004] HAA 03 of 2004 and }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 State v Tevita Alati}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 
 [2004] HAA 73 of 2004 establish a tariff of 9 months to 12 months imprisonment, the severity of the wound being the determining factor in the starting point.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 However sentences of 18 months imprisonment have been upheld in domestic violence cases (}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 Amasi Korovata v State}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506  [2006] HA 115 of 2006].
\par 
\par [14]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 The offence committed here is very serious indeed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 The daughter was humiliated, rather badly beaten and had her head hair removed, which to a girl of 19 years old must have been devastating.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 The total abuse occasioned to her on the 14th March 2010 was undignified.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 However despite the abus
e and the severity of it, regard must be had firstly to the evident frustration of the father wanting to raise his daughter to be responsible and truthful and secondly to the rights of the accused as a parent to punish.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 
\par 
\par Whilst the Courts will never condone unnecessary and gratuitous violence to a child within the domestic environment, some recognition must be afforded to a parent to correct what he or she perceives to be wayward behaviour.
\par 
\par [15]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 To reflect the indignity occasioned to the girl by removing 
her hair and for the unnecessary beating with a hose, I take as a starting point a term of 9 months imprisonment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 
For the added humiliation of having to carry a heavy water cooler around the house, I add a further 3 months, making an interim total of 12 months imprisonment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 For the accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 
s powerful mitigation including his time spent in custody, and his plea of guilty at a very early stage of proceedings I deduct 6 months making a term of imprisonment of 6 months.
\par 
\par [16]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 Considering the evidence of the daughter that all is forgiven and reconciled and in view of the accused}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 s very persuasive letter of remorse and apology, I consider this an appropriate case to suspend the sentence.
\par 
\par [17]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 Pursuant to section 26 of the Sentencing and Penalties Decree, 2009, I suspend the 6 month sentence for a period of 18 months.
\par 
\par [18]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 The effect of a suspended sentence is explained in Court to the unrepresented accused.
\par 
\par [19]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 The accused has 30 days to appeal to the Fiji Court of Appeal.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16215506 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 Paul K. Madigan
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 Judge
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16215506 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16215506\charrsid16215506 At Lautoka
\par 22 October 2010}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1972231\charrsid16215506 
\par }}