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\b\f48\fs18\insrsid2587660                                                  }{\b\f48\fs18\insrsid2587660\charrsid2587660 }{\b\f48\fs18\insrsid2587660\charrsid2587660 Estate Management Services \endash v- Prince Vyas Muni Lakshma}{
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI AT SUVA
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\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid6775050 
\par Plaintiff
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6775050 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid6775050 PRINCE VYAS MUNI LAKSHMAN }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid6775050 f/n Braham Dass Lakshman
\par Defendant
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\par Before:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 Master Anare Tuilevuka
\par 
\par Counsels:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 Cromptons for the Plaintiff
\par Messrs Sherani & Company & A.G. Chambers for the Defendant
\par 
\par Date of Ruling:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 14th October 2010
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6775050 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 RULING}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
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\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 INTRODUCTION
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par In this case, an issue has arisen as to whether or not the plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 ''}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
s claim against the defendants falls within the realm of public law and if so \endash  whether or not therefore, it should have filed judicial review proceedings under }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 Order 53}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065  of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 High Court Rules 1988}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
 rather than in its current }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 writ-statement of claim}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065  form. 
\par 
\par Both defendants are of the view that the plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 s claim raises public law issues and therefore, the current action in }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 writ-statement of claim}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065  form should be struck out under }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 Order 18 Rule 18(1)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065  of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 High Court Rules 1988}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065  as:
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disclosing no reasonable cause of action.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 
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\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1715769 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1715769 [ii] }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
being scandalous, frivolous or vexatious.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1715769 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1715769 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1715769 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1715769 [iii] }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
being an abuse of the Court process.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15557065 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par The plaintiff argues that its claim is mainly and primarily against the 1st defendant and is a:
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1715769 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
claim in contract against the First Defendant in that the First Defendant breached terms and conditions which it covenanted to when taking transfer of CT 35021 from the Plaintiff}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 "}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15557065 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par and, as against the 2nd and other defendants, the plaintiff submits that its claim:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1715769 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
 is secondary and dependant upon their statutory obligations in that the claim against the Second and the other Defendants flow from the breach of the covenants by the First Defendant}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 "}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15557065 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 BACKGROUND
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par The plaintiff is a property developer. It is the predecessor in title of all that freehold property being }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 Lot 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065  on }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 DP 3954 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 comprised in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 Certificate of Title 35021}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 .}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 CT 35021 was derived from }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 Certificate of Title 14135}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 . This land is situated at Pacific Harbour in Deuba.
\par 
\par For some time, the plaintiff had been developing }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 CT 14135 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 based on a particular concept and scheme. 
\par 
\par I am to understand that the plaintiff had carved out huge blocks of land off CT 14135 and sold them off to buyers.
\par 
\par One such buyer was the 1st defendant who acquired }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 CT 35021}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065  by sale from the plaintiff in 
2003. CT 35021 was originally zoned }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 private open space and future reserve in the initial scheme in Development Plan No. 3954}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 . However, the zoning was changed in 2003 when the plaintiff sold }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
CT 35021}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065  to the 1st defendant. The plaintiff alleges that the sale and transfer of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 CT 35021}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065  was made on the 1st defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 s covenant 
that the land would continue to be used and zoned }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 public open space future reserve}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 . I gather that the 
covenant was insisted upon by the plaintiff \endash  and given by the defendant - to preserve the open space character and theme in line with the plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 s development scheme in the area. The plaintiff further alleges that the agreed purchase price was arrived at with the covenant in mind. 
\par 
\par The covenant allegedly was in the nature of a }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 restrictive covenant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 . According to the plaintiff, the covenant 
constituted a promise by the 1st defendant that he would not put }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 CT 3501}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065  to commercial use
 when he acquires the property but would keep it open as a reserve for public use and to benefit adjoining landowners in line with the plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 s development scheme. 
\par 
\par I note that these covenants were actually registered on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 CT 35021}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065  for some time. That this was so is confirmed by the 
very first memorial on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 CT 35021}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065  which records a covenant being registered but only to be revoked later.
\par 
\par The plaintiff alleges that once the 1st defendant acquired }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 CT 35021}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 , he then recanted and changed the zoning. In p
aragraph 17 of the statement of claim, the plaintiff alleges:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1715769 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 Upon th
e transfer of CT 35021 to him, the First Defendant, in breach of the terms and conditions of transfer to which he had covenanted with the Plaintiff, and without seeking and obtaining the consent of the Plaintiff, had the zoning/usage of CT 35021 changed f
rom Civic (Education) to Comprehensive Development Area, thus breaching the contract of sale between him and the Plaintiff}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15557065 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 RELIEF SOUGHT
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par The remedies sought by the plaintiff are as follows:
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\fs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [i].\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1715769 {
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 An order extending the plaintiff}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 '}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
s caveat until final determination of the within proceedings.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15557065 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\fs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [ii].\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1715769 {
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 An order that the 1st defendant is bound by the terms and conditions as contained at paragraph 9 of the statement of claim, which terms and conditions the 1st
 defendant covenanted upon with the plaintiff when taking transfer of CT 35021.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15557065 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\fs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [iii].\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1715769 {
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 An order that any approval granted by the Second Defendant permitting CT 35021 to be used other than for civic (education) purposes be revoked.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15557065 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\fs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [iv].\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1715769 {
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 An injunction restraining the First defendant from using the said land other than for Civic Education purposes until the final determination of this Action.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15557065 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\fs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [v].\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1715769 {
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 An order that there be endorsed by the Third Defendant on CT 35021 a provision that the said land be only used for Civic (Education) Purposes.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15557065 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\fs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [vi].\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1715769 {
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 An Order that the First Defendant be not permitt
ed to use the land situated at Pacific Harbour being Lot 5 on DP 3954 as comprised in CT 35021 for any use of purpose other than for Civic (Education) Purposes.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15557065 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\fs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [vii].\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1715769 {
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 Alternatively, an Order that a restrictive covenant be registered over CT 35021 to give effect
 to the terms and conditions covenanted to by the First Defendant (as contained at paragraph 9 of the Statement of Claim) when taking transfer of CT 35021 from the Plaintiff.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15557065 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 ANALYSIS
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par The plaintiff alleges in its statement of claim that it had been prepared to consent to a rezoning but on certain conditions. Paragraph 19 of the statement of claim pleads that the plaintiff had notified both the DTCP and the 1st
 defendant of its conditions. However, the rezoning went ahead without compliance with the plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 s conditions.
\par 
\par The statement of claim then alleges that the Director of Town and Country Planning approved the rezoning without the plaintiffs consent and without proper procedure as laid down in the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
Town Planning Act (Cap 139)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 .
\par 
\par I am convinced by the submissions filed by counsels for the 1st defendant that essentially, what the plaintiff is purporting to do is:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1715769 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
..challenge the decision of the Director of Town and Country Planning in approving the rezoning of the CT 35021}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15557065 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par The nature of the relief sought certainly bear this out. And furthermore, the decision of the Director of Town and Country Planning to change the zoning would have been made in exercise of a public and statutory function under the }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 Town Planning Act (Cap 139)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 . Any application seeking to challenge or undermine that decision must be made under }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 Order 53}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065  of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 High Court Rules}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065  and come by way of Judicial Review. Such application raising public law issues cannot be sustained in a writ-action which essentially, is a private law originating process.
\par 
\par Counsels for the 1st Defendant have cited various authorities emphasizing the need to maintain the distinction between private law and public law originating processes (see also following article for a more detailed discussion on the attitude of
 Fiji Courts on this topic - }{\cs19\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 The Public Law-Private Law Divide in Fiji Courts: A Review of Recent Authorities}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065  }
{\cs20\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 Udit & Sharma}{\cs20\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065  }{\cs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 \endash  }{
\cs20\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 Legal Lali \endash Volume IV No.1 June 2001}{\cs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 ).
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par Without going into detail as to the reasons why, suffice it to say that in public law cases, the Courts are required to consider the wider public interest and which interests are more appropriately addressed in the judicial review forum. 
In fact, even under }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 Order 53}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 , it is still open to the Plaintiff to claim damages if the damages sought arise
s out of or relates to or is connected with the public law issues raised (see }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 Order 53 Rule 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 ). 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1715769 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 I reiterate here the sentiments of Pathik J in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 Ram Prasad v A-G}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065  \endash  Civil Appeal No. ABU 0058 of 1997, 27 August 1999 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 that a public law challenge disguised as
 a private law action is an abuse of process (as per Pathik J in) and ought to be struck out (see also }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 O}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 '}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 Reilly v Mackman}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065  [1982] 2 ALL ER}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 ).
\par 
\par I agree with the submissions of the Office of the Attorney-General that the nature of the challenge against the 2nd and 3rd defendants strike at the heart of the manner of their exercise of their statutory and public functions. 
\par 
\par I presume that immediately upon the plaintiff becoming aware of the 1st defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
s intention to rezone the land, it lodged a caveat on the title. The title records that the plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
s caveat was actually registered on the 04th of April 2007 \endash  which would have been some three years after the registration of the transfer to the plaintiff. 
\par 
\par }{\cs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 Having said that, while I am convinced that the submissions filed by the counsels for the 1st defendant are sufficient to strike out the plaintiff}{
\cs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 '}{\cs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 s claim against the 2nd, 3rd and 4th defendants \endash 
 I am reluctant to use the same ground to justify striking out the claim against the 1st defendant. My reasons follow.
\par 
\par }{\cs20\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 Firstly}{\cs20\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 the plaintiff}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 s claim against the 1st defendant is premised on a cause of action based on an alleged right as }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 covenantee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065  to enforce the 1st defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 s covenant. True, the covenant cannot now be enforced given that enforcing it would entail reversing the rezoning which the Director of Town and Country Planning had approved, and 
would entail a public law matter outside the purview of the current writ process. However, it is my view that the plaintiff may still recover damages against the 1st defendant, if it succeeds in its claim. 
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 Secondly}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 , and flowing from the first, the issues raised in the Plaintiff}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 s claim involve triable issues. 
\par 
\par The allegation against the first defendant is that he breached his covenant and changed the zoning to }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 multi unit residential development}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065  without reference to the plaintiff. The plaintiff also pleads that }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 "}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 the value of the land has thereby increased significantly}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 \endash  which suggests that the 1st defendant has benefitted tremendously out of his act of breaching the covenant.
\par 
\par I do note though that the remedies sought all seek to achieve a reversion of the zoning of the land to its original form before the current zoning. In that regard, the oft cited comments of the learned }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 Mr. Justice}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 Lord Diplock}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065  in }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 O}{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 '}{
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 Reilly v Mackman}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065  [1982] 2 ALL ER }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 at }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 page 1134}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065  is worth noting:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1715769 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
In the instant case where the only relief sought is a declaration of nullity of the decisions of a statutory tribunal, the Board of Visitors of Hull Prison, as in any other case in which a similar declara
tion of nullity in public law is the only relief claimed, I have no hesitation, in agreement with the Court of Appeal, in holding that to allow the actions to proceed would be an abuse of the process of the court. They are blatant attempts to avoid the pr
otections for the respondents for which Ord 53 provides}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15557065 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par The rezoning was essentially approved by the Director of Town and Country Planning. Also, presumably, as is often the case, the process which led to the decision to approve rezoning would have been triggered by an application by the 1st Defendant. 
On that alone, any consideration of whether the 1st Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 s act of applying for a rezoning 
constituted a breach of covenant and therefore a private law matter \endash  or - whether it falls within the purview of public law \endash  would have to tread on a very fine line.
\par 
\par I must say that while I personally have misgivings about the chances of success of the plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 s claim in its current form}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 against the 1st defendant, I am mindful that the jurisdiction to strike out pleadings under }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 Order 18 Rule 18(1) (a)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065  is exercised only where the case is so clearly untenable that it cannot possibly succeed (}{
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 Takaro Properties Ltd \endash v- Rowling}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
[1978] 2 NZLR 314 at 317}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 ). 
\par 
\par I am of the view that it is best to leave the issues arising out of the allegations of breach of covenant against the 1st defendant to trial. This necessarily means that the plaintiff must be allowed a chance to 
amend and better its pleadings against the 1st defendant and in particular the remedies it seeks.
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 CONCLUSION
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par Having said that, it must be pointed out that since a rezoning (a public law issue) is out of the question, and since the remedies now available to the plaintiff against the 1st defendant must necessarily then be restricted to damages for breach o
f covenant, the caveat that the plaintiff has placed on the title is now without any sound basis. But that is best left for another day if the 1st defendant so applies to remove it.
\par 
\par As for now, the claim against the 2nd, 3rd and 4th defendants is struck out. The claim against the 1st defendant is to take its normal course. The Registry is to issue NOAH to the parties for a mention date before Master Amratunga.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1715769 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 Anare Tuilevuka
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 Master
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15557065 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par At Suva
\par Dated this 14th day of October 2010.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15557065\charrsid15557065 
\par }}