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\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 JAINENDRA VIKASH \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Defendant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 FINAL JUDGMENT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par Judgment of:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Inoke J. \par \par Counsel Appearing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Mr. S. Singh for the Plaintiff}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Mr. F. Khan for the Defendant \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Solicitors}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Messrs Parshottam & Co. for the Plaintiff \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Messrs Faiz Khan for the Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Date of Hearing:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 28 April 2010 \par Date of Judgment:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 27 September 2010 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 INTRODUCTION \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The Defendant was a shareholder and director of a company called }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Paper Power (Fiji) Limited}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Paper Power}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The company had a bank account with the Plaintiff bank.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The bank paid out on several Paper Power cheques on the Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s sole signature without being countersigned by another director, contrary to the company}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s written authority, so the company sued and obtained judgment against the bank for the moneys paid out on these cheques.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The bank having paid on the judgment now sues the Defendant to recover the judgment sum on the basis that it mistakenly paid out on the cheques. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 CASE HISTORY \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 This is one of those cases where judgment remained outstanding after trial because the trial Judge did not return to the Bench.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The Defendant wanted a trial de novo but the bank wanted judgment on the trial Judge}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s notes.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The bank made an application for such an order which I granted on 18 January 2010.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 My judgment is reported in }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 ANZ Banking Group Ltd}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 v }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Vikash}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 [2010] FJHC 3; HBC208.2004L (18 January 2010)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 I also gave leave for counsel to make oral submissions which they did on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 28 April 2010}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 and I reserved my judgment to be delivered on notice, which I now do. }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 THE STATEMENT OF CLAIM \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The Statement of Claim filed on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 27 July 2004}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 pleaded that Paper Power was a customer of the Plaintiff bank.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The Defendant could draw on the company}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s bank account only if cheques were counter-signed by one other authorised signatory.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 On various dates between }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 19 December 2001 and 25 January 2002}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 , the Defendant drew 5 cheques totalling }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 $11,074.23}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 on the company}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s account.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Despite these cheques being signed by the Defendant alone, the bank, by mistake, paid out on them.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The Defendant received the moneys and converted them to his own use.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The bank also alleged that the Defendant withdrew the moneys fraudule ntly.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 As a direct consequence of the Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s actions, Paper Power demanded that the Plaintiff make full payment to it of the $11,074.23 and interest.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 On 13 February 2004, Paper Power sued the bank in this Court and on 17 April 2004 the company obtained judgment against the bank.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 On }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 7 July 2004}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 , the bank paid }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 $14,600.84}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 to Paper Power in satisfaction of the judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The bank alleges that it has suffered loss as a result; it has made a demand for payment but the Defendant has not paid the money.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 It claims the money together with interest and costs. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 THE DEFENCE \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 In his Defence, the Defendant said he was the only resident signatory of the company and the general procedure followed for urgent withdrawals for the company}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s business was for only one lo cal signatory and one of the overseas directors/shareholders, Gyanendra Deo, to advise/inform the bank of such withdrawals.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 These withdrawals were used for the company}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s business.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 He denied the withdrawals were done fraudulently.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 He also said the judgme nt obtained by the company against the bank was a default judgment so the bank}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s loss was a result of it not defending the action and not a result of the cheques being paid out.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 He sold his shares in the company on 30 January 2003. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 THE AGREED FACTS \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 It was common ground that Paper Power held a bank account with the bank from which the 5 cheques were drawn totalling $11,074.23 on those various dates. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 THE DOCUMENTS \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The Agreed Bundle of Documents was tendered by consent as Exhibits 1 to 28. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 THE EVIDENCE AT THE HEARING \par \par Plaintiff}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s Witnesses \par PW1 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 She is the Bank Manager of Nadi branch.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 She was familiar with the background of the case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 She said the bank paid the cheques against an incorrect authority.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 They paid contrary to the instructions the customer gave them.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The customer was Paper Power.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The company had a bank account with the bank.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The instructions were two directors to sign and for overseas transactions, Mr Gyanendra could sign alone.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The written authority}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid6642263 \chftn }{\insrsid6642263 Exhibit 1}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 to the bank dated 23 November 1995 was that as from that date all cheques drawn on the company}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s account were to be }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 co-jointly signed by either any two Directors or a Director and Jinendra Vikash}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Subsequently by authority}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid6642263 \chftn }{\insrsid6642263 Exhibit 2}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 dated }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 5 July 1998}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 , the company changed the signatories to } {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Any two to sign co-jointly}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 One of the signatories was to be the Defendant.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The bank was not supposed to honour cheques not }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 co-signed co-jointly}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 On each of the five cheques there was only one signature; that of the Defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The bank paid out on all cheques unauthorised.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 All were cheques made out to }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 cash}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The bank realised its mistake when it received a complaint from the customer that the moneys had been paid out contrary to the instructions to the bank.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Paper Power claimed against the bank and the bank paid out because it was at fault; the bank was obligated to pay.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 It paid $14,684.00 including interest.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 If it had not paid out the company, the bank could have used the money at 8-9% interest; now 13%. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 In cross examination she confirmed that the cheques were drawn on the company}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s accounts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 She confirmed that some cheques had only the Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s signature but they were not part of this claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 They could be related to overseas bank drafts which the Defendant was authorised to sign.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 She confirmed t he company authorised the Defendant in respect of company account }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 3706137}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 by letter dated }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 11 August 1999}{\cs22\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid6642263 \chftn }{\insrsid6642263 Exhibit 4}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 to be the only signature required for the issuing of cheques for payment of overseas accounts ONLY.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 All other requirements are as standing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 This was the account on which the cheques in this case were drawn on.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 She was also referred to a written authority from the company director Gyanendra Deo dated 31 July 2000}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid6642263 \chftn }{\insrsid6642263 Exhibit 5}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 which authorised the Defendant to operate account 05007091 from that date with his signature only; the Defendant was authorised to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 "}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 pay overseas bills by making bank draft and direct payment by doing transfer of funds from 05007091 to 03706137}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 She confirmed that he could operate these accounts on his signature alone.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 She agreed that the bank pays cheques on demand.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 She confirmed that the bank did not usually ask its customers where the funds were going to. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par The Defendant}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s Witnesses \par DW1 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The Defendant gave evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 He joined Paper Power in 1997 and worked for the company for more than 5 years then he became a Shareholder and Director for the next three and a half years till January 2003 when he had a dispute with the other directors.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The nature of the dispute was his working under duress.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 He was here all alone; all the other directors were in New Zealand.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 He asked for improved working conditions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 They did not agree.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 They arranged for a solicitor to draw up numerous documents for him to be paid $55,000 within two years.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 It did not work out.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The matter was settled in the High Court.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 In one case he was paid $10,000 and in another $13,000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The company sued him in civil action }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 HBC 89 of 2003}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid6642263 \chftn }{\insrsid6642263 Exhibit 26.}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Included in that action was a claim}{ \cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \cs22\super\insrsid6642263 \chftn }{\insrsid6642263 Ibid, paragraph 10(i)}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 for repayment of the balance of one of the cheques the subject of this action.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 He defended the action and counter-claimed against the company.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The action was settled and he was paid $13,000}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid6642263 \chftn }{\insrsid6642263 Exhibit 27.}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 In respect of the operation of the two accounts he said he operated them in the same manner for both overseas and local payments.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 He had signed cheques on his own on numerous occasions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 All payments were reported by the 5th of the following month and posted to the directors including the payment particulars \endash amounts and payee.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Whenever the directors came to Fiji they would have meetings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 They never complained to him that he could not do what he was doing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 There was no dispute at all between him and the other directors during the period 19 December 2001 and December 2002.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Neither did they demand payment from him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 In respect of the first cheque, he said it was for leave pay for company staff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The company had six outlets in Fiji and had 18 to 20 permanent employees.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The amount of the cheque was the exact amount for leave pay which he had calculated.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The other cheques were for }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 back to school}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 books and items.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 All were arranged by Gyanendra Deo from New Zealand to the bank officer looking after the company account in Fiji.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Sometimes Deo faxed to ANZ Nadi attention Mr James and when Mr James called him he would then go with the cash cheque.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Because }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 back to school}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 payments were to government supplies they had to be by cash.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 None of the cheques were used for himself.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 They were all used for the company. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 No one from the bank inquired with him about the cheques.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 He had no documents because they were all left with the company when he left. \par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 In cross examination, he said Deo would send authority to the bank only on cash cheques.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The authority had to be given first.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 However, he did not agree that he had no authority to sign those cheques.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 He maintained that he was authorised and the bank did not make a mistake. \par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 OBJECTION TO THE DEFENDANT}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 S EVIDENCE \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Counsel for the bank submitted that because it was not put to the bank}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s witness that the Defendant was authorised to sign cash cheques on his own on Gyanendra Deo advising the bank, I should apply the rule in }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Browne}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 v}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Dunne}{\cs22\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs22\super\insrsid6642263 \chftn }{\insrsid6642263 (1896) 6 R 7}}}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 followed in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Sewak}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 v}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Narayan}{ \cs22\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \cs22\super\insrsid6642263 \chftn }{\insrsid6642263 [2008] FJHC 258; HBC118.2007 (22October 2008)}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 and exclude the Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s evidence in this regard.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Counsel also submitted that such a defence was not pleaded. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 I think these submissions were misconceived.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 This d efence was clearly pleaded in paragraph 2 of the Defence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The Plaintiff could not have been taken by surprise.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 It was evidence which would have been available to and used by the bank.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 It is risky advocacy for its counsel not to lead evidence to rebut the Defence and to rely on }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Browne}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 v}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Dunne}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 to exclude such evidence from the Defendant in the hope that the Defence would not be put to the Plaintiff or its witnesses. \par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Further, I do not think it would have made any difference whether the defence was put to t he witness or not because she was only familiar with the background of the case and not the details.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Her evidence rested primarily on the written authorities to the bank.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 She was not the one actually accepting the cheques nor was she directly concerned with whether the cheques were properly countersigned or not. I think the submission is based on a misunderstanding of the rule. \par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 I therefore reject the submissions. \par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 FINDINGS ON THE EVIDENCE \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 It seems to me that the bank knew exactly what it was doing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Despite the written authority, the parties adopted another procedure because of convenience.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The other signatories lived overseas.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 It would have been practically impossible for the Defendant to run the company without being able to write and sign cheques on his own.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The adopted procedure benefited both the company and the bank. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The bank could have called the officer that looked after the company}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s accounts but did not do so.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 It did not explain why he was not called.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 I am entitled to apply the principle in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Jones}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 v }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Dunkel}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 (1959) 101 CLR 298}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 and find that his evidence would not have helped the bank}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s case, namely, that the bank made a mistake.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 I am left with the Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s evidence which I accept and find that the agreed procedure was in fact adopted and the bank was in fact authorised to pay on the cheques despite there being only one signature, that of the Defendant. \par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The bank admitted making a mistake but I do not think it was a mistake at all.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 That admission came as an afterthought because the written authorities did not support it. \par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Secondly, the bank failed to prove that the cheques were paid to the Defendant personally or that he used the money for his own use and not for the purposes of the company.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Indeed, it adduced no evidence at all to prove the allegation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Instead I accept the Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s evidence and find that all moneys collected from the cheques were paid for company expenses. \par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Having come to those conclusions on the facts, it follows that the bank only did what it was obliged by law to do , which was to honour the cheques of its customer, the company.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The company therefore had not basis to recover the moneys from the band and was not entitled to the default judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The bank paid the judgment when it should not have.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Its loss is therefore not one occasioned by the Defendant}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s actions but one occasioned by a misconception.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 As put by counsel for the Defendant, the bank}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s misconception was to treat the Defendant as a third party.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 He was not.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 It also follows that there is no basis for the present claim against the Defendant. \par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Counsel for the Defendant also referred me to }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 B. Liggett (Liverpool) Ltd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 v }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Barclays Bank Ltd}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 [1928]1 KB 48}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 as authority supporting his case.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The facts of that case are very similar to those in this case except for on e, and that is, my finding that the bank was in fact authorised by the company to pay on the cheques.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 There, the bank paid on cheques which did not comply with the company}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s written authority and the practice adopted by the bank and the company.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The cheques were issued and honoured in payment of the company}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s creditors and discharge of its legal liabilities. The company sued the bank for repayment of the amount on the cheques as money had and received because the bank paid on those cheques without authority.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 } {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Wright J stated the applicable principle (at p 59) as follows: \par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par }\pard \s23\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6642263 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Under those circumstances it is contended by the defendant bank that they are entitled to credit for the amounts so paid \endash that is to say, for all those cheques \endash in discharging the debts of the company, and they rely upon the equitable doctrine under which a person who has in fact paid the debts of another without authority is allowed to take advantage of his payment.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 I take the statement of that equitable doctrine in these terms from the language of Scrutton LJ in the case of }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 A L Underwood Ltd}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 v }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Bank of Liverpool and Martins}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 [1924] 1 KB 775. \par }\pard \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Thus, even if I am wrong in my finding that the bank was in fact authorised to pay out on the cheques, this equitable doctrine allowed the bank to take the benefit of its payments because they were to discharge the debts of the company.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The company had no legal recourse for repayment or judgment against the bank.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Having therefore repaid the company under circumstances when it should have not, the bank}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s remedy is against the company and not its director/shareholder, the Defendant. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Further, it makes no difference in my view that the cheques here were made out to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 cash}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The undisputed evidence was that the moneys from the cheques were paid towards company expenses.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The equitable principle still applies. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Counsel for the Plaintiff relied on }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Simos}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 v}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 National Bank of Australia Ltd}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 [1975] 45 FLR 97}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 , a decision of the Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory in which the bank was able to recover from one of the signatories.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 That case can be distinguished because the signatory was a third party.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 That was not the case here. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [26]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Much was made of the two and a half year delay in the bank notifying the Defendant of its mistake during which time the D efendant had changed his position by settling the claims against him so it would be inequitable to require him to make restitution.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 I do not need to consider the point and the cases referred to by counsel because of the findings and conclusions that I have reached. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [27]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The Plaintiff has failed to prove its case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 It is dismissed. \par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 COSTS \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [28]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The Defendant is entitled to his costs of the action.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 I think the Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s claim is misconceived.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Although I do not think that it is a case justifying indemnity costs, I think costs should be in the high end of the scale for a trial in this Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 It took one day; two witnesses and a moderate number of documents were involved, and substantial submissions were filed by counsel.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 I think costs in the sum of $2,000 is justified and order accordingly. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 ORDERS \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [29]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Orders }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 are as follows: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6642263 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The Plaintiff}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s claim is dismissed. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6642263 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 The Plaintiff shall pay the Defendant}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 s costs of $2,000 within 21 days. \par }\pard\plain \s23\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 \par }\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6642263 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6642263\charrsid6642263 Sosefo Inoke \par Judge \par }}