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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT LAUTOKA
\par CRIMINAL JURISDICTION
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3097513 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 CRIMINAL MISC. NO. HAM 052 OF 2010
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3097513 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 BETWEEN:
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\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 ESALA TABALOA
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513 2. }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 KAMINIELI DONU
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 Applicants
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 Respondent
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\par Applicants in Person 
\par Ms N. Tikoisuva for the State
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 Date of Hearing:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 02 September 2010
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 Date of Ruling:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 09 September 2010
\par 
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\par [1]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 On the 28th
 June 2007, the Applicants together with one other were charged in the Magistrates Court at Lautoka with (a) unlawful use of a motor vehicle contrary to section 292 of the Penal Code, 
and (b) shop breaking entering and larceny, contrary to section 300(a) of the Penal Code.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 The case against them has still not been concluded.

\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 [2]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 Each of the applicants applies for a permanent stay of proceedings in 
the matter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
The first applicant pleads undue delay and insufficiency of evidence, the second applicant pleading undue delay and unfair investigation procedures.
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 The Law}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par 
\par [3]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 The principles for stay on the grounds of delay are well settled.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 It was said in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 R v Derby Crown Court, exp Brooks}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
 [1984] 80 Cr. App. R, 164 (Sir Roger Ormrod):
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3097513 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
The power to stop a prosecution arises only when it is an abuse of processes if either (a) the prosecution have manipulated or misused the process of the Court so as to dep
rive the defendant of a protection provided by law or to take unfair advantage of a technicality, or (b) on the balance of probability the defendant has been, or will be, prejudiced in the prosecution of or conduct of his defence by delay on the part of 
the prosecution which is unjustifiable: for example, not due to the complexity of the inquiry and preparation of the prosecution case, or to the action of the defendant or his co-accused or to genuine difficulty in effecting service.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3097513 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par [4]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 In }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 Jago v The District Court of New South Wales}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513  (1989) 168 CLR 23, Mason CJ in the High Court of Australia said:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3097513 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
to justify a permanent stay of criminal proceedings, there must be a fundamental defect which goes to the root of the trial of such a nature that nothing that a trial Judge can do in the conduct of the trial can relieve against its unfair consequences.}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3097513 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par [5]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 In a more recent case in the High Court of Australia in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 R v Edwards
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513  [2009] HC 20, the Court described stay of criminal proceedings as an extreme step that should be taken only if it is not possible to hold a fair trial.
\par 
\par [6]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 In }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 Attorney General}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513 '}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 s Reference No. 1 of 1990}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
 [1992] QB 630, Lord Lane CJ said, at page 643G:
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3097513 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 no stay should be imposed }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 unless the defence shows on the balance of probabilities th
at owing to the delay he will suffer serious prejudice to the extent that no fair trial can be held.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
In other words that the continuance of the prosecution amounts to a misuse of the process of the Court.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3097513 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 [7]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 The position is most succinctly set out in Shameem J}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 s ruling in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 Brijan Singh v State}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513  \endash  HAC 20/05 and HAM 66/07 where she said that the questions to be judicially posed were:
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3097513 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 Was the delay unreasonable?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3097513 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3097513 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 Will the delay have the effect of depriving the accused of a fair trial?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3097513 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3097513 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 Are there other available remedies in the trial process in relation to the effect of delay and any prejudice suffered?
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3097513 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 The Delay}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 [8]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
There can be no doubt that the progress of this trial has been long, tortuous and unnecessarily prolonged.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 In large part it has been victim t
o the uncertainties and inactivity in our judiciary occasioned by the constitutional event in April 2009, when Courts were not sitting for some time and when Magistrates left the Courts and were replaced with others.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 [9]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 In the 38 months between first app
earance and today, 7 months were spent dealing with the applicants}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513  own difficulties with legal representation.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 The second applicant pleaded guilty on the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 25th June 2008 and the trial against the first applicant commenced only to be aborted when he suddenly decided to challenge his interview under caution.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 Of some concern is the fact that between the 7th
 August 2008 and 30 June 2009 the matter was adjourned 18 times without any note in the record as to the reasons for the adjournment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
Blame for suc
h a practice cannot be laid at the foot of any one particular Magistrate, because the case has been handled by at least six different Magistrates at various stages, however to adjourn a case repeatedly for no stated reason is a practice which seems to be 
prevalent and it is a practice to be deprecated.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 [10]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
The record however shows nothing on the part of the prosecution to consciously delay matters; the delays having been for various reasons beyond their control.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 [11]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 In the case of the first applicant,
 he submits and the State concedes that the case against him is very weak and unsubstantiated however it is not for this Court to determine that and find the application meritworthy on that basis.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 There is nothing on the record which even suggests, let alone passes the test of balance of probabilities, that he has been prejudiced by the delays.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 It will be after due process in the Court below which 
will determine if the case against him is sufficiently weak to warrant acquittal of the charges.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 [12]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 His application for stay is refused.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 [13]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
The second applicant has pleaded guilty not once but twice during the proceedings and the present Magistrate has ruled that his plea was unequivocal and voluntary.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 It is indeed rather shocking that since he first entered a plea on 25th June 2008, he has never been sentenced.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 Despite that, he cannot be said (as he claims) to be prejudiced in his trial; there will be no trial; 
he merely awaits sentence, which will have to take into account of course the time he has spent in custody awaiting sentence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
He has been denied bail because of his history of escaping from lawful custody and breach of earlier bail terms.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 [14]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 His application for stay is also refused.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 Orders
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 [15]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 In recognition of Shameem J}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 s exhortary dicta in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 Brijan Singh}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513  to explore alternative remedies, I make the following declaration and orders:
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3097513 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 1.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 The second applicant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
s right to be sentenced without unreasonable delay has been breached.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3097513 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3097513 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 2.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 The trial of the first applicant is to proceed without delay and as a matter of priority in the Lautoka Magistrates Court.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3097513 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3097513 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 3.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 The sentence of the second applicant be addressed without delay and as a matter of priority and that considerable weight be given to the time spent in custody awaiting sentence.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3097513 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3097513 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513 4. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 Both applicati
ons to stay proceedings are refused.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3097513 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3097513 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 Paul K. Madigan
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 Judge
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3097513 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3097513\charrsid3097513 At Lautoka
\par 09 September 2010
\par }}