{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\deff37\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};} {\f2\fmodern\fcharset0\fprq1{\*\panose 02070309020205020404}Courier New;}{\f3\froman\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05050102010706020507}Symbol;}{\f10\fnil\fcharset2\fprq2{\*\panose 05000000000000000000}Wingdings;} {\f37\fswiss\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 020f0502020204030204}Calibri{\*\falt Century Gothic};}{\f156\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f157\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};} {\f159\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f160\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f161\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};} {\f162\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f163\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f164\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};} {\f176\fmodern\fcharset238\fprq1 Courier New CE;}{\f177\fmodern\fcharset204\fprq1 Courier New Cyr;}{\f179\fmodern\fcharset161\fprq1 Courier New Greek;}{\f180\fmodern\fcharset162\fprq1 Courier New Tur;} {\f181\fmodern\fcharset177\fprq1 Courier New (Hebrew);}{\f182\fmodern\fcharset178\fprq1 Courier New (Arabic);}{\f183\fmodern\fcharset186\fprq1 Courier New Baltic;}{\f184\fmodern\fcharset163\fprq1 Courier New (Vietnamese);} {\f526\fswiss\fcharset238\fprq2 Calibri CE{\*\falt Century Gothic};}{\f527\fswiss\fcharset204\fprq2 Calibri Cyr{\*\falt Century Gothic};}{\f529\fswiss\fcharset161\fprq2 Calibri Greek{\*\falt Century Gothic};} {\f530\fswiss\fcharset162\fprq2 Calibri Tur{\*\falt Century Gothic};}{\f533\fswiss\fcharset186\fprq2 Calibri Baltic{\*\falt Century Gothic};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;\red0\green255\blue0; \red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;\red128\green128\blue128; \red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f37\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \snext0 \styrsid613790 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden Default Paragraph Font;}{\*\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\langnp1024\langfenp1024 \snext11 \ssemihidden Normal Table;}{\s15\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar \tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f37\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext15 \slink16 \styrsid613790 header;}{\*\cs16 \additive \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af0\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon10 \slink15 \slocked \styrsid613790 Char Char2;}{\s17\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar \tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f37\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext17 \slink18 \styrsid613790 footer;}{\*\cs18 \additive \fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\loch\f37\hich\af37\dbch\af0\langnp5129\langfenp1033 \sbasedon10 \slink17 \slocked \styrsid613790 Char Char1;}}{\*\latentstyles\lsdstimax156\lsdlockeddef0}{\*\listtable{\list\listtemplateid982817600\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc0 \levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1125277114\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fbias0 \fi-360\li1080\lin1080 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0 \levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134169\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li1800\lin1800 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid336134171\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li2520\lin2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134159\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;} \fi-360\li3240\lin3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134169\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2 \leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134171\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li4680\lin4680 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0 \levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134159\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li5400\lin5400 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134169 \'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li6120\lin6120 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134171\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li6840\lin6840 } {\listname ;}\listid99765186}{\list\listtemplateid-872221554\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1978968492\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fbias0 \fi-360\li1080\lin1080 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134169\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li1800\lin1800 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2 \leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134171\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li2520\lin2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0 \levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134159\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li3240\lin3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134169 \'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134171\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li4680\lin4680 } {\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134159\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li5400\lin5400 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0 \levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134169\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li6120\lin6120 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0 {\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134171\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li6840\lin6840 }{\listname ;}\listid202863536}{\list\listtemplateid1183249524\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0 \levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid-2005884914\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\b0\fbias0 \fi-360\li720\lin720 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134169 \'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134171\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li2160\lin2160 } {\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134159\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0 \levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134169\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li3600\lin3600 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0 {\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134171\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134159\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers \'01;}\fi-360\li5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134169\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2 \levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134171\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li6480\lin6480 }{\listname ;}\listid451364701}{\list\listtemplateid285642424\listhybrid{\listlevel \levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1403806034\'03(\'00);}{\levelnumbers\'02;}\fbias0 \fi-360\li1080\lin1080 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0 \levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134169\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li1800\lin1800 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0 {\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134171\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li2520\lin2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134159\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers \'01;}\fi-360\li3240\lin3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134169\'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2 \levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134171\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li4680\lin4680 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1 \levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134159\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li5400\lin5400 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134169 \'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li6120\lin6120 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134171\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li6840\lin6840 } {\listname ;}\listid802423736}{\list\listtemplateid1819069420\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid1063143070\'02\'00.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fbias0 \fi-360\li1080\lin1080 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134169\'02\'01.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li1800\lin1800 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2 \leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134171\'02\'02.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li2520\lin2520 }{\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0 \levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134159\'02\'03.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li3240\lin3240 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134169 \'02\'04.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li3960\lin3960 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134171\'02\'05.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li4680\lin4680 } {\listlevel\levelnfc0\levelnfcn0\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134159\'02\'06.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li5400\lin5400 }{\listlevel\levelnfc4\levelnfcn4\leveljc0\leveljcn0 \levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134169\'02\'07.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-360\li6120\lin6120 }{\listlevel\levelnfc2\levelnfcn2\leveljc2\leveljcn2\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace0\levelindent0 {\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134171\'02\'08.;}{\levelnumbers\'01;}\fi-180\li6840\lin6840 }{\listname ;}\listid1699699045}{\list\listtemplateid-1013812526\listhybrid{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1 \levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134145\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0 \fi-360\li1440\lin1440 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid336134147\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0 \fi-360\li2160\lin2160 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134149\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers ;}\f10\fbias0 \fi-360\li2880\lin2880 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134145\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0 \fi-360\li3600\lin3600 } {\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134147\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0 \fi-360\li4320\lin4320 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0 \levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134149\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f10\fbias0 \fi-360\li5040\lin5040 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360 \levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134145\'01\u-3913 ?;}{\levelnumbers;}\f3\fbias0 \fi-360\li5760\lin5760 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext \leveltemplateid336134147\'01o;}{\levelnumbers;}\f2\fbias0 \fi-360\li6480\lin6480 }{\listlevel\levelnfc23\levelnfcn23\leveljc0\leveljcn0\levelfollow0\levelstartat1\levelspace360\levelindent0{\leveltext\leveltemplateid336134149\'01\u-3929 ?;}{\levelnumbers ;}\f10\fbias0 \fi-360\li7200\lin7200 }{\listname ;}\listid2077701118}}{\*\listoverridetable{\listoverride\listid451364701\listoverridecount0\ls1}{\listoverride\listid1699699045\listoverridecount0\ls2}{\listoverride\listid202863536\listoverridecount0\ls3} {\listoverride\listid2077701118\listoverridecount0\ls4}{\listoverride\listid99765186\listoverridecount0\ls5}{\listoverride\listid802423736\listoverridecount0\ls6}}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid613790\rsid811014\rsid862776\rsid1972231\rsid2193419\rsid2371452 \rsid2506087\rsid3176464\rsid3822112\rsid3831056\rsid4153849\rsid4280745\rsid4329331\rsid4331392\rsid4478023\rsid4855016\rsid4931203\rsid5052173\rsid5062183\rsid5123780\rsid5592493\rsid6060947\rsid6782860\rsid6835486\rsid7366506\rsid7483118\rsid7958375 \rsid7961561\rsid8016262\rsid8524331\rsid8598875\rsid8790013\rsid9197734\rsid9323076\rsid9452663\rsid9776131\rsid10107402\rsid10427252\rsid10749241\rsid11355540\rsid11880640\rsid11928628\rsid12081942\rsid12921552\rsid12931985\rsid12983114\rsid13396029 \rsid13521856\rsid13926108\rsid14055906\rsid14493614\rsid14510136\rsid14967201\rsid15032169\rsid15159555\rsid15297671\rsid15405516\rsid15670413\rsid15864576\rsid16139693\rsid16219351\rsid16545956\rsid16592213\rsid16597937\rsid16718612}{\*\generator Micros oft Word 11.0.5604;}{\info{\title IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI AT SUVA}{\author Ruddley_E}{\operator freriks_k}{\creatim\yr2010\mo2\dy24\hr9\min45}{\revtim\yr2010\mo3\dy11\hr18\min49}{\version14}{\edmins117}{\nofpages7}{\nofwords2236}{\nofchars10937} {\*\company scims}{\nofcharsws13042}{\vern24689}}\paperw11906\paperh16838\margl1440\margr1440 \widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dgmargin\dghspace180\dgvspace180\dghorigin1440 \dgvorigin1440\dghshow1\dgvshow1\jexpand\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\splytwnine\ftnlytwnine\htmautsp\nolnhtadjtbl\useltbaln\alntblind\lytcalctblwd\lyttblrtgr\lnbrkrule\nobrkwrptbl\snaptogridincell\allowfieldendsel\wrppunct \asianbrkrule\rsidroot613790\newtblstyruls\nogrowautofit\viewbksp1 \fet0{\*\ftnsep \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f37\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 { \insrsid16718612 \chftnsep \par }}{\*\ftnsepc \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f37\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\insrsid16718612 \chftnsepc \par }}{\*\aftnsep \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f37\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\insrsid16718612 \chftnsep \par }}{\*\aftnsepc \pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f37\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\insrsid16718612 \chftnsepc \par }}\sectd \linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid6835486\sftnbj {\footer \pard\plain \s17\qr \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \f37\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\field{\*\fldinst {\insrsid16219351 PAGE \\* MERGEFORMAT }}{\fldrslt {\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid13926108 7}}}{\insrsid16219351 \par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\sa200\sl276\slmult1\widctlpar\tqc\tx4513\tqr\tx9026\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\insrsid16219351 \par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}} {\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16545956 \f37\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid16545956\charrsid613790 AT SUVA}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 ADMIRALTY JURISDICTION}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 ADMIRALTY ACTION NO: 1 OF 2010}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid7961561 ADMIRALTY ACTION IN REM AGAINST THE MOTOR VESSEL "MOANARAOI KSSL". \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 BETWEEN:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 PRAKASH CHANDRA T/A DOLPHINS MARINE ELECTRICAL COMPANY T/A DOLPHINS ELECTRICAL AND MAINTENANCE WORKS \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 PLAINTIFF \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 AND:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 KIRIBATI SHIPPING SERVICES LIMITED \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 FIRST DEFENDANT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 AND:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 THE MOTOR VESSEL "MOANARAOI KSSL" \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 SECOND DEFENDANT IN REM \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16139693 Counsel: Mr. R. J. Singh for the Plaintiff. \par No appearance of the defendants.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521856\charrsid16139693 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16139693 Date/Place of Hearing: Wednesday, 3rd February, 2010 at Suva. \par Date/Place of Hearing: Thursday, 4th February, 2010 at Suva.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4280745\charrsid16139693 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16139693 Judgment Of:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 The Hon. Acting Justice Anjala Wati. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9197734 {\f0\fs24\insrsid9197734 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid613790\charrsid10427252 ADMIRALTY JURISDICTION}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 \endash application by the plaintiff for an order for arrest of }{\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid613790\charrsid10427252 Motor Vessel " Moanaraoi KSSL}{ \i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 " on the grounds that the defendants owe to the plaintiff a substantial sum of money for works done on the ship on the request of the agents of the owners of the ship; the work being also approved by the captain and chief engineer of the ship- the materia l s placed before the court establishes that there was a request to the plaintiff to carry out maintenance and repair works on the ship and that the plaintiff in fact carried out the works for which he was partially paid but substantial payment is due and o wing- an action to recover monies for maintenance and repair works done on a ship is an action classed in rem and the plaintiff is entitled for an order for seizure of the ship --an order for arrest of the motor vessel issued. \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9197734 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid613790\charrsid7961561 Legislation \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid9197734 Administration of Justice Act 1956. \par High Court Act, Cap.13. \par High Court (Admiralty) Rules, Cap. 13. \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid9197734 \par }{\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid613790\charrsid7961561 Cases referred to \par }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid9197734 "The Cella" (1989) 13 P.D. 82 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 \par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 The Case Background \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4478023 1. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 This is an action under the Admiralty Jurisdiction for an order for an arrest of motor vessel }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid613790\charrsid10427252 "Moanaraoi KSSL"}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 presently anchored at Suva Wharf in Fiji.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4478023\charrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4478023 2. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 The application was brought by an ex-parte motion supported by an affidavit of the plaintiff filed on the 1st day of February, 2010.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4478023\charrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4478023 3. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 A writ of summons was also filed on the 1st day of February, 2010 which contains an indorsement of claim to the following effect:-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4478023\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid4478023 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid4478023 "The plaintiff claims the sum of $50,900 (Fifty Thousand Nine Hundred dollars) being t he balance sum due and owing for electrical repairs and maintenance works executed to the Motor Vessel " Moanaraoi KSSL" during December 2009 at the request of the defendant, together with interest thereon at the rate of 12.5%, sales expenses and cost". \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4478023\charrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4478023 4. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 On the 4th day of February, 2010 the application was initially heard and refused ex-parte. An order for service of the application was made. It was ordered that the application must be served on the agents of the first defendant, the agent being Williams & Gosling Limited. It was further ordered that the application would be heard inter-partes at 4.00pm on the 4th day of February, 2010. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4478023\charrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4478023 5. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 The Court was informed that the vessel was to depart on the 5th day of February, 2010 at a time unknown to the plaintiff. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4478023\charrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14493614 6. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 The application was served on the agents but the agents failed to appear in court. The matter was therefore heard in the absence of the defendants. \par \par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid613790\charrsid14493614 The Affidavit and the Submissions \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14493614\charrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14493614 7. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 The plaintiffs counsel relied on the affidavit in support and his oral submissions to seek an order for arrest of the motor vessel.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14493614\charrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14493614 8. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 The affidavit in support stated the following:-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14493614\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 a. }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid10427252 The plaintiff is the sole proprietor of the business known as Dolphins Marine Electrical Company t/a Dolphins Electrical Maintenance and Mechanical Works. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 b. }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid10427252 The plaintiff engages inter alia in the business of electrical repairs and maintenance of motor vessels. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 c. }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid10427252 On or about 16th December, 2009 the plaintiff at the request of the defendants carried out repairs and maintenance works, and supplied necessary materials in the sum of $68,900 to the first }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15670413\charrsid10427252 defendant's}{ \b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid10427252 motor vessel. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 d. }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid10427252 The motor vessel belongs to the first defendant. The repair works were carried out by the order and direction of the servants and agents of the first defendant, namely, Williams and Gosling Ltd. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 e. }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid10427252 A search caused at the Fiji Registry at the Marine Department confirmed that the motor vessel is a foreign registered motor vessel. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 f. }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid10427252 There has never been any dispute as to the debt owed for works carried out on the said vessel. There has been clear acknowledgment by the first defendant of high standards and professionalism of the plaintiff company for the works carried out on the said vessel. There is also acceptance of the full amount being due and payable. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 g. }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid10427252 In e arly January, 2010 the defendant through its agent Williams and Gosling Limited paid a sum of $10,000. A further sum of $8,000 was paid on the 20th day of January, 2010. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 h. }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid10427252 After the payments, the balance amount owing to the plaintiff is $50,900. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 i. }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid10427252 The payment was to be done on C. O. D (Cash on Demand) basis. Several efforts have been made to obtain full payment. Despite promises for payments by the defendant\rquote s there has been failure to make the full payments. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 j. }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid10427252 Information has been received that the first defendant may be in the process of disposing off its vessel and assets and leaving the jurisdiction of Fiji. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 k. }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid10427252 If ownership of the vessel changes then no action in rem can be maintained against the motor vessel. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 l. }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid10427252 The plaintiff company is fearful that the debt may not be paid in full if the assets and vessels of the shipping company are disposed off. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 m. }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid10427252 The balance debt remains unpaid. Additional legal costs have been incurred and the cost continues. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 n. }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid10427252 The plaintiff undertakes to arrange for the services of a reputable security company to assist the Admiralty Marshall in the arrest of the motor vessel. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612 9. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 In addition to the affidavit evidence, Mr. Singh made the following submissions in support of the application:-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 a. }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid10427252 The matter was one of urgency. The vessel is foreign owned and due to depart on Friday, the 5th February, 2010. If payment is not secured then the plaintiff will not be able to recover its debt. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 b. }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid10427252 It is not known whether the first defendant exists in Fiji or not. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 c. }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid10427252 The presentation of the invoice was itself a demand for payment and that the defendants should have made payments once the invoice was presented. The debt is undisputed. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid10427252 d. }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid10427252 The payments were made by Williams and Gosling Limited and they are agents of the first defendants. It is not proper to sue Williams & Gosling as they are just the agents. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612 \par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 The Consideration \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 The plaintiff stated in the affidavit that he was ordered and directed by the agents of the first defendant Williams & Gosling to carry out repairs, do maintenance works and supply materials to the vessel. In support of his statement he produced an order for generator repair. The order reads as follows:-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 "MV MOANARAOI \par KSSL \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 16-12-09 \par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid15670413\charrsid16718612 Capt.}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid15670413 }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid15670413\charrsid16718612 Moote}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid15670413\charrsid16718612 Tiara}{ \b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 \par General Manager \par KSSL \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 Attn: Solo \par W & G \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 From Chief Engineer MV }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid15670413\charrsid16718612 Maharani}{ \b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 Subject: Generator Repair \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 Please arrange for the following tasks to be repaired by Dolphins Electrical Company 102-suva }{ \b\f0\fs24\insrsid15670413\charrsid16718612 sty}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 Suva \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612 - }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 If they can fix the following problems for Generator No 1, \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612 - }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 Remove all 3 phase wires. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612 - }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 Weld plate for lifting generator. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612 - }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 Remove 2-ton generator. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612 - }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 Dismantle generator at damage part (rubber coupling) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612 - }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 Supply and install burnt part. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid16718612 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612 - }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 Reassemble all part and to be tested. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 Thanks \par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid15670413\charrsid16718612 Sad}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 \par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid15670413\charrsid16718612 Kaka}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 Taburimai" \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612 11. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 The order also bears some writing in ink which indicates that the order for repair was approved by the Master/Captain of the ship.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612 12. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 It is clear from the order that the request was made to one Solo from W& G. I take it that W & G meant Williams & Goslin g Limited. If Williams & Gosling ordered the plaintiff to carry out the works then it would definitely be the directions to carry out the works in terms of the order.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612 13. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 Invoice number 1943, consisting of two pages was presented by the plaintiff to }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid10427252 "Kiri bati Shipping Services Limited C/- Williams and Gosling Ltd, Suva, Fiji Island Attn: Capt Timwemwe 9086456".}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 It shows the various works that were carried out by the plaintiff on the vessel. It also shows that the cost for the work was}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612 in the sum of $68,900.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612 14. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 Mr. Singh argued that upon presentation of the invoice the payments became due and owing since the terms of the payments was that payment would be made in cash on demand basis. It was further argued that the Captain and the Chief Engineer of the ves sel had approved payment and the approval was via handwriting on the invoice and signed by both of them. There is also evidence of payment in the sum of $8,000. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612 15. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 It is clear from the order presented and the invoice raised that there was a request to t he plaintiff to carry out maintenance and repair works to the ship and the plaintiff in fact carried out the works. The work was approved by the captain and chief engineer of the ship and payments were also approved but only a sum of $8,000 was paid. The b alance amounts remains due and owing and the plaintiff has no option but to look for payment. His only recourse now is to have the ship arrested as the owners of the vessel are not based in Fiji and the Fiji agents have refused and neglected to pay the mo nies due and owing. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612 16. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 I am satisfied that this application is an action in rem and that the plaintiff is entitled to bring it and have it tried. Whether or not their claim turns out to be a good one, they are entitled to assert the claim by proceeding i n rem. On the material before me I must say that the plaintiff has established a lawful right to claim the monies due and owing on which an order for arrest could be founded. I must cite one very important case authority and the legislative provisions whi ch allows for seizure of a ship in cases of monies due and owing to the ship-repairers.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612 17. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 Lord Esher M.R in }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid613790\charrsid10427252 "The Cella" (1989) 13 P.D. 82}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 said at p.86:-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 "It is true that in respect of repair s done by the plaintiff there was no maritime lien, but the Admiralty Division, nevertheless has jurisdiction over such a claim as this, and ... that jurisdiction may be exercised by proceedings in rem, as was done in this case. As regards a maritime lien the Admiralty Court, ... enforces it in an action in rem by seizing the ship and it does so in order to enable the person who alleges he has a right against the ship to realise that right. Now the jurisdiction given to the Admiralty Division by the Act in question can, as I have said, be exercised by an action in rem, that is to say, upon the production of a proper affidavit, a warrant of arrest is issued and under it the }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid15670413\charrsid16718612 Marshall}{ \b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 may seize the ship, and the Court will adjudicate upon it. Possession is taken by the }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid15670413\charrsid16718612 Marshall}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 in order that the ship may be sold, and that the right of the plaintiff may be satisfied out of the ship. These rights must exist before the ship is seized for the Court adjudicates upon the ship on the ground that it has jurisdiction to seize it and realise it for the plaintiff, on account of something which happened before the seizure, which in this case was repairing her." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612 18. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 The }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid10427252 in rem}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 jurisdiction of the High Court of Fiji is derived from section 21 of the }{ \b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid613790\charrsid10427252 High Court Act Cap. 13}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 which reads as follows:-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 "The Supreme Court (now High Court) shall be a Colonial Court of Admiralty within the meaning of the Colonial Courts of Admiralty Act, 1890, of the United Kingdom, and shall have and exercise such Admiralty Jurisdiction as is pro vided under or in pursuance of subsection (2) of section 56 of the Administration of Justice Act, 1956 of the United Kingdom or as may be from time to time be provided by any Act, but otherwise without limitation, territorially or otherwise." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612 19. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 Section 1(1) of the Administration of Justice Act provides:-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 "The Admiralty Jurisdiction of the High Court of Fiji shall be as follows, that is to say, jurisdiction to hear and determine any of the following ...claims- \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 (m) any claim in respect of goods or materials supplied to a ship for her operation or maintenance. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 (n) any claim in respect of the construction, repair or equipment of a ship or dock or dues...;" \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612 20. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 Order 2 Rule 1(a) of the }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 High Court (Admiralty) Rules, Cap.13}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 states that:-}{ \f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 "In admiralty actio n in rem a warrant for the arrest of the property may be issued at the instance either of the plaintiff or of the defendant at any time after the writ of summons has been issued, but no warrant of arrest shall be issued until an affidavit by the party or his agent has been filed, and the following provisions complied with:- \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid16718612 (a) }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 The affidavit shall state the name and description of the party at whose instance the warrant is to be issued, the nature of the claim or counter-claim, the name and nature of the p roperty to be arrested, and that the claim or counter-claim has not been satisfied;..." \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid613790 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612 22. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 The affidavit of the plaintiff complies with Order 2 Rule 1(a) of the High Court (Admiralty) Rules. \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612 \par 23. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 For the reasons outlined above, the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15670413\charrsid613790 plaintiff's}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 application for issue of warrant must be granted.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 Outcome \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612\charrsid613790 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612 23. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 A warrant for arrest of the motor vessel }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid613790\charrsid10427252 "Moanaraoi KSSL"}{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 shall be issued forthwith. \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16718612 24. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid613790 All applications including the writ must now be served on the defendant\rquote s. The action shall then take its normal course. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid16718612 ANJALA WATI \par Acting Judge}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid613790 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13396029 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13396029\charrsid16718612 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16718612 {\f0\fs24\insrsid613790\charrsid13396029 4.02.2010 \par }}