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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT LAUTOKA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Civil Action No: HBC 87 of 2006L
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {\b\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 WAI HING LEE
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {\b\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 YUK LUEN LEE and RICHARD YING HIN LEE}{\insrsid5071397 
\par }{\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 as Executors and Trustees of the late Allen Lee (Original First Defendant)
\par 1st Defendants
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {\b\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 LUM SUI FONG
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {\b\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 FINAL JUDGMENT
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\par Judgment of:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Inoke J.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par 
\par Counsel Appearing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Mr B C Patel for the Plaintiff
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016\charrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Mr A Patel for the 1st and 2nd Defendants
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Solicitors}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Young & Assocs for the Plaintiff
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016\charrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 S B Patel & Co for the Defendants
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Date of Hearing:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016\charrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 23 April 2010
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Date of Judgment:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016\charrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 27 August 2010
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 INTRODUCTION
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The parties in this action are members of the Lee family that own the Lees Group of Companies in Fiji.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The Plaintiff lent a sum of money to her brother in New Zealand between 1992 and 1994.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 In 1997, her brother sold his interest in the Group to his parents.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
They agreed that part of the purchase price was for his parents to take over his loan from his sister.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
She says the loan was only partly repaid and sued her parents for the balance.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Her pa
rents say they have in fact overpaid her and counter-claimed for the overpayment.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 THE PARTIES
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The original First Defendant was the late Mr Allen Lee.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
He was sued as the executor and trustee of his father, the late Mr Lee Wah Yip.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The Plaintiff is Allen Lee}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 s sister.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
The Second Defendant is their mother.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
Allen Lee died on 4 June 2007 before this action went to trial so his executors and trustees became substituted in his place.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
They are the current First Defendants, Richard Lee, who is Allen Lee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 s son and Yuk Luen Lee, who is Allen Lee}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 s wife.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The Plaintiff lent NZD$315,000 to her late brother, Allan Lee, in New Zealand.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
Subsequently, repayment of the loan was taken over by their parents in July 1997.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Two repayments were made by her parents in July
 2000 in Hong Kong but as at 31 July 2005, the balance had not been paid despite a demand having been made.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 CASE HISTORY
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The Writ of Summons and Statement of Claim was filed on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 28 March 2006}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016  in which the First Defendant was Allen Lee as executor and trustee of the late Lee Wah Yip.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The Second Defendant was her mother.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
The Defence and Counter Claim was filed on 13 April 2006 and Reply and Answer filed on 12 May 2006.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The First Defendant filed 
further and better particulars of their Defence on 5 February 2007.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
On 11 August 2008, the current First Defendants, his wife and son respectively, became substituted for Allan Lee.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
The Plaintiff filed her list of documents on 29 July 2009 and the Defendants filed theirs on 1 September 2009.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
On 7 October 2009, the Plaintiff filed a Summons for an interim }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Mareva}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
 injunction restraining the Defendants from disposing and removing from Fiji any assets of her late brother and father.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
She also asked for an order that the Defendants file an affidavit in Court disclosing all their assets in Fiji.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
The application was made on the grounds that the Defendants were selling off assets in Fiji which might not leave enough to satisfy any judgment she might get.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 On 13 October 2009, I granted a short term interim }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Mareva}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
 injunction and gave directions for a full hearing of the application on 3 November 2009.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
The application was adjourned on two more occasions but in the end the application was not pursued by the time this matter went to trial on 23 April 2010.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The Minutes of Pre Trial Conference were filed on 5 November 2009.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 THE STATEMENT OF CLAIM
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The Plaintiff pleaded in her Statement of Claim that prior to July 1997, she lent }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 NZD$315,000}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016  to her later brother Allan Lee in New Zealand.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
By a Sale and Purchase Agreement made on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 25 July 1997}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016  (the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Agreement}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
) her brother agreed to sell to their parents his shares and interest in the Lees Group of Companies.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Clause 3.2(a)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016  of the Agreement stated that payment of the purchase price included deduction of $315,000 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 payable to Wai Hing Lee in full satisfaction of the vendor}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 s liability to her}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
In satisfaction of that liability, her parents paid in Hong Kong the equivalent of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 NZD$77,906.40}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016  on 10 July 2000 and }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 NZ$D62,226.34}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016  on 25 July 2000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 As at 31 July 2005, her parents still owed her }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 NZD$174,867.26}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 .}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 On 7 October 2005, she made a demand for this amount but her parents have failed to pay.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 She claims this amount and interest at 10% on reducing balance from 25 July 1997.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Her claim is based on 3 causes of action: novation, moneys had and received, and trust.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 THE DEFENCE AND COUNTER-CLAIM
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 In his Defence Allen Lee says that between 1993 and 1994 in New Zealand, Allen Lee personally took two loans from the Plaintiff totalling NZD$315,000.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 He admits that an agreement was entered into on 25 July 1997 but denies that any money is owing to the Plaintiff.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 His father paid in 2001 HK$700,000 (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 NZD$199,221.00}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 ) to the Plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
He set out in three schedules 1, 2 and 3 payments between May 1994 and 2001 totalling }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 NZD$550,585.54}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 He therefore says the Plaintiff has been overpaid by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 NZD$235,585.54}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016  and counter-claims for this amount.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 REPLY AND ANSWER
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The Plaintiff denies that her father paid her HKD$700,000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
She says that each of the Schedule 1 payments were from her own account and not payments by the Defendants.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
She lent to her brother NZD$250,000 on 8 June 1992 and a further NZD$65,000 in around December 1994.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
Both loans carried 10% pa interest. No repayments were made until 3 May 1994.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The payments in Schedule 2 were made in reduction of interest.}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The total of Schedule 3 payments is less than what is stated.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The Plaintiff denies there was overpayment or otherwise owing money to the Defendants.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 FURTHER PARTICULARS OF THE DEFENCE
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 In the further particulars of the Defence, the Allan Lee said that the Plaintiff had the authority to sing on all the bank accounts of their parents.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 She herself told their parents that she had withdrawn HKD$700,000 from their account.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 When asked to give copies of bank statements for the period 1997 to 2006, the Plaintiff refused to give them all saying that she did not have them.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 THE PRE-TRIAL CONFERENCE MINUTES
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The PTC Minutes recorded the following important agreed facts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
Between 1993 and 1994 the Plaintiff made two loans to the late Allen Lee personally totalling NZD$315,000 in Auckland, New Zealand.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
By virtue of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 clause 3.2(a)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016  of the Agreement signed on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
25 July 1997}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016  between Allen Lee as vendor and Lee Wah Yip and Lum Sui Fong as purchaser, Lee Wah Yip and Lum Sui Fong took over and assumed the personal debt of }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 NZD$315,000}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016  owed by Allen Lee to the Plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Two payments were made by the Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 s parents: (1) HKD$ 273,188.73 (}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 NZD$ 77,906.40}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 ) on 10 July 2000, and (2) HKD$ 217,591.46 (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
NZD$ 62,226.34}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 ) on 25 July 2000.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 THE HEARING
\par 
\par Preliminary Applications
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 At the commencement of the hearing Mr Anu Patel, counsel for the Second Defendant produced a letter from his client}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 s doctor in Australia that Mrs Lee suffers from dementia and her judgment is impaired and that she was not in a position to appear in Court.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The letter was dated 20 April 2010 and faxed to her solicitors in Fiji on 21 April.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 In light of his client}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 s medical and mental condition, Mr Patel ask
ed for an adjournment to allow his client}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
s next friend or guardian ad litem to appear, pursuant to Order 80 rule 2 of the High Court Rules 1988.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The application was opposed.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The Plaintiff had come from overseas and her counsel was only notified of the application on the morning of the trial.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The illness was not new; it did not just happen overnight and this matter has been pending for sometime now.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 I took the view that this was a technical point and the attendance of her guardian would not have advanced her case.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 For these reasons I refused the application for adjournment.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Mr Anu Patel then applied to withdraw as counsel for the Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
s mother because he had no instructions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The application was also opposed because he had acted thus far as her counsel.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The Defendants}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
 cases were not adverse to each other; they all had the same defence and counter-claim; and enforcement of the claim is not relevant to liability.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Taking these matters into account and the need to safeguard the Second Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 s interests I refused leave for her counsel to withdraw.
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The next issue was who to go first.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Mr B C Patel, counsel for the Plaintiff, argued that the Defendants should begin for two reasons.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The Defendants according to him bore the onus on all the issues.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
The debt in this case and the amount lent was not in dispute.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
The Defendants had to prove that the debt had been paid and was over-paid in the amount counter-claimed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
Secondly, the Plaintiff should not be required to prove the negative.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 She should hear the
 evidence of the alleged payments before giving evidence in rebuttal.
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 He referred me to three case authorities.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The first was }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Ram Sharan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016  v }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Kanyawati}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7689857 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
1969}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7689857 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016  15 FLR 220.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
In that case, the appellant claimed the right to probate of a will executed on the day before the testator died.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
The respondent brought an action claiming probate under an earlier will alleging that the will relied upon by the appellant was not signed or acknowledged by the testator and that the testator was not of sound mind, memory or understanding at the time.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
The Court of Appeal held that the appellant had the burden of proof of all the issues and that the trial Judge was correct in ruling that the appellant should begin.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 That was the effect of the now O 35 r 5(6) of the High Court Rules 1988.
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The second case was that of }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Beevis}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016  v }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Dawson}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
 [1957] 1 QB 195, 204, 215 as authority for the proposition that in exercising its discretion, the Court would have regard to the most convenient way of dealing with the matter in the interests of
 justice, in the interests of the parties, and from the point of view of the Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
Singleton LJ also said in that passage that he doubted that there was a hard and fast rule and the authorities seemed to show that the practice was based on general convenience.
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The third case that counsel cited was }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 McLaren & Sons}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016  v }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Davies}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
 918900 6 TLR 372, 373 where it was said that it is inconvenient to require the defendant to prove the negative of an issue on which the plaintiff bears the onus of proof before hearing the evidence to be adduced by the plaintiff.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4140483 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4140483 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4140483 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Again it is clear from that case that it is a question of convenience.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
How much time could be saved?
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 In the exercise of the discretion given by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 O 35 r 5(1) HCR}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 , I directed the Plaintiff to begin. I did not think that the Defendants had the onus of proof on all the issues.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Ms Lee still had to show that she only received a certain sum less than what she lent to her brother.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 That was the very crux of the case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 It w
as not the case that she had to prove that she did not receive the full amount.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
From the proof of receipt of the lesser sum, I can properly infer that she did not receive the rest.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
It was for the Defendants to then show that she was paid more.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Also, because Ms Lee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
s mother was not able to give evidence and if the other defendants did not give evidence, it would have been most embarrassing for them and, we would be in the same situation with the Plaintiff going first.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 However, I gave her leave to be recalled if the Defendants adduced any evidence which she needed to rebut.
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The Plaintiff}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016\charrsid14421016 '}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 s Case}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016\charrsid14421016 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 PW1
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Ms Lee gave evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
She is a dentist and lives and practices in Hong Kong.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The Second Defendant is her mother.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Her father died recently.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Allen Lee was her brother.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
She lent money to her brother in New Zealand, a total of NZD$315,000 which was made in two payments, $250,000 on 8 June 1992 and $65,000 in December 1994.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Her brother requested it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 They agreed that he would pay 10% interest on th
e loan which he did.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 In 1994 he paid $3,000 per month into her account in New Zealand.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 She was referred to a summary of calculations of simple interest on principal amounts prepared by Robert Lee.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 I do no think it is necessary for me to go into the details because the document speaks for itself.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 I accept her evidence that the balance owing, including 10% interest, was }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 $487,421}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016  as at 23 April 2010, the date of the trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
The exchange rate in July 1997 between FJD and NZD was 1.06177.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Ms Lee was aware of the Agreement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
Her brother Edmund told her of the Agreement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 She first saw it a few years after it was signed.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Clause 3.2(a)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
 stated that the purchase price was to be paid by the purchaser (her parents) to the vendor (Allen Lee) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 by deducting $315,000 pay
able to Wai Hing Lee in full satisfaction of the vendor}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 s liability to her}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Ms Lee said some of the payments alleged by the Defendants to be payments made by them to her were in fact the other way round.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 These were the Schedule 1 payments in the Defence totalling $32,762.38.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 In cross examination she said she was younger than her brother Allen.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
There was no written loan agreement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 She did not know the purpose of the loan at the time but do now.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 She disagreed that there was no interest to be paid because the repayments actually made included interest.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 She did not know who prepared the Agreement between her parents and her brother.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 She had not input into it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
Her parents told her before they entered into the Agreement that they were taking over Allen}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 s debts.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 They asked and she agreed for then to deduct from the price the amount owed by Allen to her.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 
 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Her parents made two payments.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
She denied being advanced HKD$700,000 to purchase equipment for her dental practice in Hong Kong.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 She said the equipment 
only cost her $70,000.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The Defendants}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016\charrsid14421016 '}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016  Case
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The Defendants were not able to call any evidence.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 CONSIDERATION OF THE EVIDENCE AND FINDINGS
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 It is clear from the PTC Minutes that there is no issue that the amount stated in the Agreement of 25 July 1997 was NZD$315,000 and not FJD$315,000.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Even if there is, I have no hesitation in finding that it was in New Zealand dollars.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Clause 3.2(a) specifically refers to the debt owed by Allen Lee to the Plaintiff and the exact amount in figures, $315,000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The only debt owed by him in that amount was the two loans totalling NZD$315,000, an agreed fact.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 I also find that there is no issue that the debt was properly assigned, novated or otherwise taken over by Ms Lee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 s parents with her consent.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
It is not necessary to decide by which means the debt was taken over for the purposes of this judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
It was taken over and assumed by her parents with the Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 s knowledge and approval.
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Thirdly, the Defendants have not adduced any evidence to prove their counter-claim so it is dismissed.
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Neither have they proven that they actually made any of the payments alleged in their Defence so their Defence fails.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Indeed, the Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
s evidence was that at least $32,726.38 of the amount which they claim to have repaid was not in fact repayment by them.
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [26]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 This case is therefore essentially an undefended claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The Plaintiff still has to prove her case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
She had produced for her a table of all payments made in respect of the loan.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
The table was not seriously challenged in cross-examination, possibly because of the Defendants}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016  failure to give their counsel instructions.}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The table included re-payments for 10% interest on the principal sum.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 In the circumstances, I accept her oral and documentary evidence and therefore find that she has proven her claim.
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [27]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
Her counsel submitted that the Defendants liability crystallized on the date of the Agreement, 25 July 1997 in NZD at the then prevailing exchange rate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 I think it made no difference as to what the exchange rate was then or now.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
The original debt was in NZD.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 I have found that the debt that was taken over by the Plaintiff}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 s parents was in NZD.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
If the Defendants decide to pay in HKD or in FJD it is for them to make up for the exchange rate differences.
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [28]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
s table showed }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 $487,421}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
 due to the Plaintiff as at the date of the trial and daily interest of 10% on the outstanding balance of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 $67.40}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Accordingly, judgment is in her favour in those amounts in New Zealand dollars.
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 COSTS
\par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [29]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Although this is a commercial matter but nevertheless a family matter so I make no order as to costs.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 ORDERS
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [30]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Orders}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016  are as follows:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14421016 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Judgment for the Plaintiff in the sum of NZD$487,421 together with interest thereon of $67.40 per day until the date of payment.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14421016 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 The Defendants}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14421016 '}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016  counter-claim is dismissed.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14421016 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 There is no order as to costs.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14421016 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid25251\charrsid14421016 Sosefo Inoke
\par Judge
\par }}