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\cs19\fs16\lang1024\langfe1024\noproof\insrsid8680602 2}}}{\cs19\fs16\insrsid7437333\charrsid15281234 
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT LAUTOKA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION}{\b\insrsid15281234 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\insrsid1192570\charrsid1192570 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 Civil Action No: HBC 233 of 2004L
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\insrsid1192570\charrsid1192570 BETWEEN}{\insrsid1192570 : 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\insrsid1192570 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\insrsid8464044\charrsid1192570 PRAMILA DEVI }{\insrsid8464044\charrsid1192570 father}{\insrsid12074522\charrsid1192570 '}{\insrsid8464044\charrsid1192570 
s name Deo Raj}{\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 
\par Plaintiff
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\insrsid874009\charrsid1192570 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\insrsid1192570\charrsid1192570 AND}{\insrsid1192570 : 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\insrsid1192570 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\insrsid8464044\charrsid1192570 QUEENSLAND INSURANCE (FIJI) LIMITED}{\b\insrsid874009\charrsid1192570 
\par }{\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 1st Defendant
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\insrsid1192570\charrsid1192570 AND}{\insrsid1192570 : 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\insrsid1192570 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\insrsid8464044\charrsid1192570 LAUTOKA CITY COUNCIL}{\b\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 
\par }{\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 2nd Defendant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\insrsid874009\charrsid1192570 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\insrsid1192570\charrsid1192570 AND}{\insrsid1192570 : 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\insrsid1192570 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\insrsid8464044\charrsid1192570 THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF FIJI}{\b\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 
\par }{\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 3rd Defendant}{\insrsid874009 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\insrsid1192570\charrsid1192570 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\insrsid1192570\charrsid1192570 AND}{\insrsid1192570 : 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\insrsid1192570 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\insrsid8464044\charrsid1192570 MUNENDRA SHARMA}{\insrsid8464044\charrsid1192570  father}{\insrsid12074522\charrsid1192570 '}{
\insrsid8464044\charrsid1192570 s name not known to the Plaintiff
\par 4th Defendant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\insrsid874009\charrsid1192570 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\insrsid1192570\charrsid1192570 AND}{\insrsid1192570 : 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\insrsid1192570 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\insrsid8464044\charrsid1192570 RAGHWANAND SHAMA}{\insrsid8464044\charrsid1192570  father}{\insrsid12074522\charrsid1192570 '}{
\insrsid8464044\charrsid1192570 s name not known to the Plaintiff
\par 5th Defendant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 FINAL JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8680602 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Judgment of:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Inoke J.
\par 
\par Counsel Appearing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1192570  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 Mr V Mishra for the Plaintiff
\par Mr F Haniff for the 1st, 4th & 5th Defendants
\par Mr A Patel for the 2nd Defendant
\par Mr R Green for the 3rd Defendant
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Solicitors}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1192570  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 Mishra Prakash & Assocs for the Plaintiff
\par Munro Leys for the 1st, 4th & 5th Defendants
\par S B Patel for the 2nd Defendant
\par Attorney General}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522\charrsid1192570 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 s Chambers for the 3rd Defendant
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Date of Hearing:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1192570  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 21, 22 April 2010
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Date of Judgment:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1192570  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 17 August 2010}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1192570\charrsid1192570 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 INTRODUCTION
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The Plaintiff insured her house with the First Defendant, QI, for $100,000 indemnity cover for loss due to fire for one year from }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 5 February 2000}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Fire completely destroyed her house on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 23 April 2001.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Unbeknown to her son-in-law, who was looking after her affairs and her agent, the policy had lapsed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 So when he lodged his mother-in-law}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
s claim the day after, QI rejected it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
It was only then that he discovered that the house had no cover because the premium had not been paid when it was due on 5 February 2001.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 She brought this action on 31 July 2004 against QI and its agents, 4th and 5th Defendants.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 She alleged that QI and its agents undertook to hold cover whilst the premium was being reviewed and they reneged on their undertaking.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 She
 also sued the Lautoka City Council for not having enough water in the fire hydrants and the Public Works Department for not ensuring that the hydrants were visible to the firemen when they came to put out the fire.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 CASE HISTORY
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The Writ of Summons and Statement of Claim, dated 31 July 2004, were issued out of this Court on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 9 August 2004}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 . Original Defences were filed by the Defendants but subsequently, the Plaintiff amended her Statement of Claim on 29 March 2007 so all Defendants filed Amended Defences.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
The Plaintiff filed further and better particulars in February 2006 at the request of Queensland Insurance and pleadings eventually closed in August 2007.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 PTC Minutes were eventually filed on 14 January 2008.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
The hearing was set for 18 and 19 November 2008 but could not proceed because of unavailability of court time.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
It was adjourned to 19 November 2009 and four more adjournments followed before I set the matter down for hearing on 21 and 22 April 2010.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7892697\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7892697\charrsid12074522 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 THE PLEADINGS
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The Statement of Claim
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The Original Statement of Claim states that the Plaintiff was the owner of a substantial residential dwelling on Lot 13 Ram Asre Road, Lautoka.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The Plaintiff insured her residence with QI for $100,000 vide Policy Number 0038689 for a number of years, th}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12018732\charrsid12074522 e }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 last being for a period of 1 year commencing from 5 February 2000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Before the expiry of the policy, the Plaintiff through her agent and son in law, Dr Ganesh Chand, requested QI and its agents to consider a reduction in the annual premium.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 QI and its agents undertook to review and to keep the policy current pending their decision.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
The Plaintiff in reliance on the undertaking did not pay the premium. On 23 April 2001, her house caught fire and was completely destroyed and caused her loss.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Her loss was significantl
y and substantially contributed to by the failure of the Fire Authority to locate the fire hydrant nearest her house and the low water pressure when the hoses were connected to the hydrant.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The Amended Statement of Claim filed on 29 March 2007 added that the fire hydrant had been covered by soil during recent road work by the Council and/or the PWD which was in breach of }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 s 40(1)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  of the }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 National Fire Service Act, 1994}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
The Plaintiff also added that there was negligence in not ensuring that there was proper water pressure, without specifying whose negligence it was.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\ul\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\ul\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 The Insurer}{\b\ul\insrsid12074522\charrsid1192570 '}{\b\ul\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 s Defence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\ul\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 QI admits that the Fourth Defendant was its insurance agent and that cover was held until 5 February 2001 on which date it }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 expired}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 But it denies giving any such undertakings as alleged by the Plaintiff. The premium was to be paid before the policy expired and in this case it was not so paid so cover }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 lapsed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 It denies the Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 s claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1192570\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\ul\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 The Lautoka City Council}{\b\ul\insrsid12074522\charrsid1192570 '}{\b\ul\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 s Defence

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\ul\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The Council denies that it was under any duty }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
to ensure full utility services are provided to the ratepayers}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  as claimed by the Plaintiff.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 It says that the building caught fire due wholly or in part to the negligence of the Plaintiff and/or her tenants.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 T
he particulars of negligence were failure to properly inspect and maintain the electrical wiring system of the residence, failure to provide precautions against fire caused by electricity or gas and failure to ensure that her tenants took adequate steps t
o prevent fire.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The PWD}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 s Defence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The PWD says that any interrupted or uninterrupted water supply is not within the control of the Department and that maximum water supply could not be guaranteed in any case, including fire.
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 It denies that its workers buried the fire hydrant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 It says that the hydrants were in fact visible and accessible at all times.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 At the beginning of the hearing counsel for PWD sought to amend its defence, the only significant additions were that the hydrants were constructed and installed pursuant to }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 s 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  of the }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Water Act}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  and responsibility for maintaining them were transferred to the Fire Authority pursuant to s }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 11(m)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  of the }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 National Fire Authority Act, 1994}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
 and it also pleaded }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 s 26}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  of the Act.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 I allowed the amendments, there being no objection to the application.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The Insurance Agents}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  Defence
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The Fourth Defendant admits that he was an agent of QI but denies that cover was held after 5 February 2001 and that he gave any undertakings as alleged by the Plaintiff.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
The Fifth Defendant who was the Manager West was not served so he did not participate in the case but his absence did not make any difference because QI accepted that he was an agent of the company.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The Plaintiff}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 s Reply
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 In reply, the Plaintiff says that the Fourth and the Fifth Defendants as agents of QI were responsible for placing her insurance cover with}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1192570  }
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 QI.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
She further says that QI is estopped from denying cover because of its agents}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  undertaking to review the premium and advise her.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 THE HEARING
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The Current Plaintiff
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The original Plaintiff was Kala Wati.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
She died in the course of these proceedings and is now represented by her daughter, Pramila Devi, who is the admistratrix of her estate.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The Agreed Facts
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The Pre Trial Conference Minutes recorded as agreed fact that the Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 s premises at Lot 13 Ram Asre Road, Lautoka was destroyed by fire on 23 April 2001.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The Agreed Documents
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The parties all agreed on a bundle of documents to be used at the trial numbering Agreed Documents 1 to 7 with three more added to at the trial making a total of 10
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7892697\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 PW1
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The first witness for the Plaintiff was Pramila Devi.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
Kala Wati was her mother who is now deceased.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 She is the administratrix of her mother}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 s estate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 She was not at her mother}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 s house at the time of the fire because she was away in Labasa attending a funeral.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 But she went there later that evening.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 She saw the house was burnt.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 It was a single story, modern, 4 bedroom house, with good views and location when it burnt down.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 She bought the house from the Home Finance Company by tender in November 1996 for $20,000.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 It was rundown and vandalised.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 She hired a carpenter who redesigned the interior and renovated it at a cost of between $60,000 and $70,000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Her mother was living on her own with three children.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
She felt her mother was not secure so she and her husband agreed to transfer the house to her as hers.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
The house was rented to a tenant and was occupied by the tenant at the time of the fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The house was 
two driveways away from the one that she and her husband were staying at.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Pramila}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
s mother was of limited education so it was agreed that her husband, Ganeshwar Chand, was to take care of Kala Wati}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
s affairs concerning the house, including the renovation works.
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 She saw the house after it was burnt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 From the top she could see that the roof was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 curved}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
, it was a burnt blackish grey colour, the walls were still standing but the concrete was of a greenish black colour and the paint had peeled off.
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 In cross examination by counsel for QI she said that the house is as it was after the fire.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 It is not occupied by anyone.
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 To counsel for the Council, she said that she and her husband paid for the renovations.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 She was rather evasive when questi
oned about the structural damage to the house and the verandah even though she said she inspected the house before she bought it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
It was her husband that was dealing with the carpenter.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\ul\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\ul\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 PW2
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\ul\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The second witness was Dr Ganeshwar Chand.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 He is the husban
d of Pramila Devi, the Plaintiff Kala Wati}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 s daughter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 He knew the 4th and 5th Defendants personally.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
The 5th Defendant was the manager and the 4th an employee in Lautoka.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 He confirmed that he managed the property on his mother-in-law}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 s behalf.}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The house was purchased by his wife then after a few months she transferred it to her mother.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The house was severely vandalised when she purchased it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 All that remained were the walls and corrugated iron roof.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
There were no ceiling or partitions or electrical.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 He hired carpenters, plumbers, joiners and a number of labourers.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 They renovated the property completely and fully in about 3 months.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The house was completely rewired by a licensed electrician and repainted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The verandah was repaired, and a new driveway and fence were built.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
It cost about $60,000.
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 He was at the scene on the day of the fire, 23 April 2001.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Just after lunch at around 2.00 pm, a neighbour came yelling that the house was on fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Dr Chand ran out of his house which was only two driveways away and saw smoke.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The tenant who was a fisherman was away at the time.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
The fire started with a lot of smoke before the ambers ignited.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 He called the Fire Brigade in Lautoka.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The fire was intense.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
The Fire Brigade arrived and the firemen tried to douse the fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 They took the hose from the water tank on the fire truck to the fire.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The tank had limited water.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Some of the men were running around looking for the fire hydrant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
They eventually found a fire hydrant near the shop some 300 meters away.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 He did not know how long it took for them to find the hydrant.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
When they connected the second hose to the hydrant, he could see that the pressure was lower than the pressure in the hose from the fire truck tank.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The hose from the truck ran out of water in a few minutes. These hoses had numerous leaks.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The Later on he came to know that there was a hydrant about 10 to 15 feet from the property.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 He had not seen it there before. 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 He signed the insurance proposal for her mother-in-law for the year commencing 26 November 1996 and paid the premium.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 It was to insure the house for $70,000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The proposal included cover for fire damage or loss.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
That policy was renewed annually from }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 26 November 1997}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  to }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 26 November 1999}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The period of cover was changed and renewed for the period from }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 5 February 2000}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 5 February 2001}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
 and the certificate of insurance showed the insured sum was increased to $100,000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
Dr Chand could not remember the exact premium but it was over $400.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 He negotiated with the 5th Defendant on the premium and c
over dates because the property was free of mortgage and he had three other properties insured which all had different dates and it was more convenient if all of the policies had the same date of cover.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 He said he reminded Raghwanand at least three times.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
One was during the Christmas break when Raghwanand}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
s relatives were at his office when Dr Chand went there and a second time in early February.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
The last time was about two months before the fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 He knew Raghwanand well; Raghwanand always said he would loo
k at it; he was very persuasive.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 On }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 19 January 2001}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
, QI sent a letter to Kala Wati headed }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Renewal Invitation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  advising her that the policy for her house needed renewal (the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
renewal letter}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
It was addressed to Dr Chand}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 s post office box in Suva.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 He said he did not get this letter until towards the end of April.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
He also said that Raghwanand did not mention this letter in any of their conversations.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [26]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Dr Chand made a claim after the fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
Raghwanand told him that he would have difficulty approving the claim and advised him to write a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 passionate}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  letter to QI.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
He wrote that letter on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 24 April 2001}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 In it he explained that he was one of the politicians that were held hostage in Parliament in Suva for 56 days on 19 May 2000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 After his release he moved back to his home in Lautoka and stayed away from Suva as much as he could.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 For about three months he did not check his mail box until his return the week before he wrote his letter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 That was when he found the QI renewal letter.
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [27]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 He also explained the reasons for the non payment of the premium.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 He returned from Suva to Lautoka on Sunday 22 April and had planned to visit the Western Manager of QI on the next day, Monday 23 April.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 But on his way he went first to the Mayor}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
s office to discuss some other business and took up the Mayor}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 s offer of a cup of tea.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 He said in his letter that he now realised the extra half an hour he spent in the Mayor}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 s chambers had proven dear to him.
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [28]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 His plea was not accepted by QI.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 They replied to his letter on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 25 April 2001}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 It was written by the General Manager, Mr John Hunt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The letter said that Munendra Sharma had reminded Dr Chand on two occasions to renew the policy.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The letter also said that Raghwanand had spoken to Dr Chand }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
prior to the renewal date to review the pricing of various covers with QI but (Dr Chand) did not come back to see him}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 In those circumstances QI, with much regret, declined Dr Chand}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 s request to reinstate the policy.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 He said in eviden
ce that what the letter said was not true.
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [29]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
When cross examined on other quotes he said he did not get any quotes from other insurers and could not recall telling Raghwanand that he was getting a quote from Tower Insurance.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 He disagreed when it was put to him that on the morning after the fire what he intended to do and did do was to go to Raghwanand and pay the premium then lodge his claim.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 He insisted that he understood all along that cover was still good and he went to lodge his claim on that understanding.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
Raghwanand told him when he went to lodge the claim that the premium had not been paid and he was to write the letter which he did on 24 April 2001.
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [30]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 He was shocked when he received the response from Mr Hunt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 These two employees had misrepresented the facts to Mr Hunt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
He was so upset that he taped a conversation with Raghwanand that Raghwanand had agreed to look at the premium but did not do so.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
In that conversation, he said Raghwanand told him that QI said not to negotiate the premium.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 He had the tape but does not have it now.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 But he has a transcript of the conversation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 He did not give the transcript to Mr Hunt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
After he received the letter he called the 4th Defendant, Munendra Singh, and asked him on which two occasions did they meet.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Munen
dra said once at the market and the second was when he told the tenant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
Dr Chand could not recall meeting him at the market or being reminded by him that the policy had expired.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
He was not the person that Dr Chand was dealing with in any event.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [31]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 As to
 whether he obtained a permit from the Council for the renovations to the house Dr Chand said because there were no new additions and structural changes to the house no permit was required.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Dr Chand hired an electrician who rewired the house, FEA inspected and gave the go ahead.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Sewerage drains did not have to be changed so no approval was required from the sewerage authority.
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [32]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Dr Chand was the Minister responsible for water and fire authority prior to 2000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 He wanted a report from the Fire Authority after the fire but was not provided one despite several requests.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\ul\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\ul\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 The Defendants}{\b\ul\insrsid12074522\charrsid1192570 '}{\b\ul\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570  case
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\ul\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [33]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The Defendants did not want to call any witnesses.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [34]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 At the end of the hearing counsel asked for time to file written submissions which they all have, for which I am grateful, and I was to deliver my judgment on notice, which I now do.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\ul\insrsid7892697\charrsid1192570 
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 THE CLAIM AGAINST THE FIRST DEFENDANT
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [35]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Having heard and seen Dr Ganesh Chand give evidence I would prefer his evidence to that of the insurer as contained in Mr Hunt}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 s letter of 25 April 2001.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
I therefore do not accept that Munendra Sharma reminded Dr Chand of the need to renew the policy or that Raghwanand was waiting for Dr Chand to come back to him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 I think it was the other way round.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 It do
es not make sense that it was Dr Chand who was to go back to Raghwanand when the latter was to review and reduce the premiums.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [36]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 I also find that Raghwanand did undertake or represent to Dr Ganesh Chand to hold the policy current whilst the premium was being reviewed by QI.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 One of the reasons for me so finding is that both of them were good friends.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 It is the sort of thing that a friend would say and do for a friend.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
Whether Raghwanand was actually authorised to give such an undertaking or make such a representation is a matter between him and QI.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
Raghwanand, as Manager West, in my view, certainly had ostensible authority to do that.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
The other reason was that the parties have conducted business in a similar manner before as far as adjustment of the cover period so that the policies commenced and ended at the same time.
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [37]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
I find it surprising that Raghwanand or Munendra Sharma did not inform Dr Chand on the various occasions that they met that QI had sent him the renewal letter of 19 January 2001.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Alth
ough it is the responsibility of the insured to ensure that correspondence to his mail box is cleared regularly, I think the circumstances of this are such that, I find, as a matter of fact, that Dr Chand and his mother-in-law were not in fact notified th
at the premium was due and that QI wanted her to pay the full premium, unadjusted, and that QI required her to renew the policy before it expired.
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [38]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 I note Mr Haniff, counsel for QI, wrote in his submissions that QI had not attempted to contradict the a
lleged assurance claim by the Plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
It simply relies on the fact that the assurance alleged by the Plaintiff is impossible as well as being implausible, as evidenced by the correspondence after the fire.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 That assurance by QI was that the policy would remain current while it considered the Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 s request to reduce the premium. 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [39]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
Neither Raghwanand nor Munendra Sharma were called to give evidence and their absence were not explained so I am entitled to presume that their evidence would not have helped QI despite what was said in Mr Hunt}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 s letter: }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Land Transport Authority}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  v }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Lal}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
 [2008] FJCA 79; ABU0053.2007S (7 November 2008)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [40]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
s claim against QI will therefore succeed if the undertaking or representation as I have found above, or the assurance as Mr Haniff submitted, amounted to estoppel against QI or had becoming otherwise legally binding.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 THE LAW
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [41]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The law in this area was decided in the landmark decision in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
Central London Property Trust Ltd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 v}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 High Trees House Ltd}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  [1947] KB 130}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
 and I quote from the judgment of Lord Denning, after referring to the old common law that a deed could not be varied by a agreement by parol (whether in writing or not) but only by deed, explained the law as follows at pp 133-4:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Equity, however step
ped in, and said that if there has been a variation of a deed by a simple contract (which in the case of a lease required to be in writing would have to be evidenced by writing), the courts may give effect to it as is shown in }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Berry}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  v }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Berry}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  [1929] 2 KB 316.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
That equitable doctrine, however, could hardly apply in the present case because the variation here might be said to have been made without consideration.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 With regard to estoppel, the representation made in relation to reducing the rent, was not a representation of an existing fact.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 It was a representation, in effect, as to the future, namely, that payment of the rent would not be enforced at the full rate but only at the reduced rate.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Such a representation would not give rise to an estoppel, because, as was said in }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Jorden}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  v }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Money}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  [1854] 5 HLC 185, a representation as to the future must be embodied as a contract or be nothing.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 But what is the position in view of developments in the law in recent years?}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The law has not been standing still since }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Jorden}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  v }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Money}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  [1854] 5 HLC 185.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
There has been a series of decisions over the last fifty years which, although they are said to be cases of estoppel are not really such.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 They are cases in which a promise was made which was intended to create legal relations and wh
ich, to the knowledge of the person making the promise, was going to be acted on by the person to whom it was made, and which was in fact so acted on.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 In such cases the courts have said that the promise must be honoured.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The cases to which I particularly desire to refer are:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Fenner}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  v }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Blake}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  [1900] 1 QB 426, }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Re William Porter & Co Ltd}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  [1937] 2 All E R 361 and }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Buttery}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  v }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Pickard}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  [1946] WN 25.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
As I have said, they are not cases of estoppel in the strict sense.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 They are really promises \endash  promises intended to be b
inding, intended to be acted on, and in fact acted on.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Jorden}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
 v }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Money}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
 can be distinguished, because there the promisor made it clear that she did not intend to be legally bound, where as in the cases to which I refer the proper inference was that the promisor did intend to be bound.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
In each case the court held the promise to be binding on the party making it, even though under the old common law it might be difficult to find any consideration for it.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The courts have not gone so far as to give a cause of action in damages for the breach of such a promise, but they have refused to allow the party making it to act inconsistently with it.}
{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 It is in that sense, and that sense only, that such a promise gives rise to an estoppel.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [42]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 I find that the undertaking or representation or assurance made in this case was intended to be legally binding, it was intended to be acted on, was acted on and is therefore binding on QI.}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 That is to say, QI cannot now say that because it had not reviewed the premium and the premium w
as not paid up, the policy had lapsed at the time of the fire.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [43]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 One of the issues raised by Mr Haniff was the renewal letter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
He referred to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 s 125}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  of the }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Insurance Act 1998}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  which required an insurer to notify the insured no later than 14 days before the cover expires that the insurer was prepared to negotiate to renew or extend the cover.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 He submitted that no such claim was pleaded so I am to ignore it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 He cited }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Ram}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  v }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Taito}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  [2005] FJHC 248; HBA0020.2004 (4 May 2005)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
 as authority.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 I think a close examination of that case would have }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6556707\charrsid12074522 
revealed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  that Winter J would have come to a different conclusion if there was evidence of the issue despite it not being pleaded.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The reason for that is if in the course of the trial evidence is given to support a particular c
laim or defence, an amendment would be granted, and the rules of court allow either by application or by the court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
s own motion, subject to prejudice from it being raised at a very late stage.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
The law is clearly not that if a claim or defence is not pleaded then the court cannot consider it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 See }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Sitamma}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  v }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Kumar}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  [2010] FJCA 38; ABU006.2007 (19 July 2010)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
 by which I am bound, is clear authority that I must consider the point in this case.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid7041231 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7041231 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7041231\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [44]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Section 125}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  of the Act provides:
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12074522 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
Notification of expiration of contracts of general insurance
\par 125.\emdash (1) in this section Renewable insurance cover means insurance cover that-}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1192570\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 (a)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1192570  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 is provided for a particular period of time; and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1192570\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 (b)}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1192570  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 is of the kind that it is usual to renew or for the renewal of which it is usual to negotiate. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1192570 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
(2) Not later than 14 days before the day on which renewable insurance cover provided under a contract of general insurance or under any prescribed class of insurance (in this section called the Original contract) e
xpires, the insurer must give to the insured or to a person acting on behalf of the insured written notice of the day on which, and the time at which, the cover will expire and whether the insurer is prepared to negotiate to renew or extend the cover.}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1192570\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 (3) if-}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1192570\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 (a)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1192570  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 an insurer fails to comply with subsection (2); and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1192570\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 (b)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1192570  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 before the original contract expires the insured has not obtained insurance cover from some other insurer to replace that provided by the original contract, }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1192570\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
there exists between the parties to the original contract a contract of insurance providing insurance cover as provided by the original contract, except that the cover provided-}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1192570\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 (c)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1192570  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 commences immediately after the insurance cover provided by the original contract expires; and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1192570\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 (d)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1192570  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 expires, unless the contract is sooner cancelled, at-
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 (i)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1192570  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 the expiration of a period equal to the period during which insurance cover was provided by the original contract; or }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1192570\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 (ii)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1192570  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 the time when the insured obtains from some other insurer, insurance cover to replace that provided by the original contract, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1192570\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 which ever is the earlier. 
\par (4) where a contract of insurance is in force by virtue of subsection (3), the insurer may charge the insured a premium for the subsequent period, not exceeding the premium paid under the original contract.
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [45]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 I do not accept Mr Haniff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 s submission that the onus of showing that due notice was not given is on the insured.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The wording of s 125(2) is in mandatory terms.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
It is the insurer that must show that it has given notice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
Secondly, it may be impossible for the insured to prove a negative: that he was not given a s 125(2) notice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
I have found as a matter of fact that the insured in this case had not been notified by QI of the expiry of the policy and the need for its renewal until after the policy had expired.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 QI had therefore not complied with s 125(2) with the consequence that under s 125(3) the policy remained in place at the time of the fire because it had not been earlier cancelled.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [46]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The cover was for $100,000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
It is an indemnity policy as opposed to a replacement value one limited to that amount.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
I accept the evidence of Dr Chand and his wife that they had spent between $60,000 and $70,000 in renovations.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
His wife bought the badly rundown and vandalised house in 1996 for $20,000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
The valuer was not called so I have not accepted his report into evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
QI and the other Defendants did not call evidence to seriously challenge the Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 s e
vidence that the loss was in fact $100,000 as insured for.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 However, I find that the Plaintiff has proven her loss only to the value of }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 $70,000}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  and is entitled to be indemnified to this amount.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Her loss may be more but in the absence of proper proof I cannot grant her claim to the full amount of the indemnity.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\ul\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 
\par THE CLAIM AGAINST THE SECOND AND THIRD DEFENDANTS
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [47]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
The evidence against the Council and the PWD fell far short of showing that the reduced water pressure, even if it were true, or the covering of the fire hydrant contributed significantly to the loss of the house.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Such proof would have required expert evidence and none was adduced in this case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 I therefore find that the facts do not support the Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
s claims against the 2nd and 3rd Defendants.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 That being the case, I need not look at the statutory and other Defences raised by them.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 I will leave them for decision by another court in an appropriate case.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 INTEREST
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [48]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 I make no award for interest on the judgment sum because I think the Plaintiff has been slow in prosecuting her claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\ul\insrsid1192570\charrsid1192570 
\par }{\b\ul\insrsid15281234\charrsid1192570 COSTS
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [49]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 As between the Plaintiff and the First, Fourth and Fifth Defendants, the Plaintiff is entitled to her costs.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 As between her and the Second and Third Defendants she should pay their costs.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Those claims were fraught with difficulties but I do not think that they were so hopeless that an award of indemnity costs would be justified.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The hearing took two days and a substantial number of documents were filed and read.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 In these circumstances I think the First Defendant should pay the Second and Third Defendants}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12074522 '}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522  costs which I summarily assess at $2,000 each.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 ORDERS
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [50]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Orders }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 are therefore as follows:}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1192570 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The First Defendant shall pay to the Plaintiff the sum of $70,000.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1192570 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 The First Defendant shall pay to the Second and Third Defendants their costs of $2,000 each within 28 days.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12074522 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1192570 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15281234\charrsid12074522 Sosefo Inoke
\par Judge}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7437333\charrsid1192570 
\par }}