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{\title IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI}{\author ulamila.noke}{\operator sam_f}{\creatim\yr2010\mo8\dy23\hr17\min1}{\revtim\yr2010\mo8\dy25\hr8\min59}{\printim\yr2010\mo8\dy11\hr15\min8}{\version4}{\edmins3}{\nofpages3}{\nofwords666}{\nofchars3800}
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\f36\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid7078878\charrsid11802846 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13263077\charrsid11802846 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid7078878\charrsid11802846 AT SUVA
\par CRIMINAL JURISDICTION
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11802846 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid7078878\charrsid11802846 STATE
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11802846 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid7078878\charrsid11802846 JALE BABA
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\par Hearing:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7078878\charrsid11802846 2nd August 2010
\par Ruling:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7078878\charrsid11802846 17th August 2010
\par 
\par Counsel:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7078878\charrsid11802846 Mrs. N. Ratakele for State
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4488475\charrsid11802846 Mr. J. Baba for Accused}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7078878\charrsid11802846 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13047187\charrsid11802846 
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\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7078878\charrsid11802846 [}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3670653\charrsid11802846 1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7078878\charrsid11802846 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7078878\charrsid11802846 This case was transferred }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4488475\charrsid11802846 to the High Court }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7078878\charrsid11802846 by the Suva Magistrates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846\charrsid11802846 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7078878\charrsid11802846 
 Court pursuant to section 42(1) of the Criminal Procedure Decree 2009, which provides:
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6386326\charrsid11802846 
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Whenever any doubt arises as to the court by which any offence should be tried, any court entertaining such doubt may, in its discretion, report the circumstances to the High Court, and the High Court shall decide by which court the offence shall be tried
.
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\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1986855\charrsid11802846 [}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3670653\charrsid11802846 2}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1986855\charrsid11802846 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1986855\charrsid11802846 
The transfer order was made on 22 June 2010 but the case was transferred to this Court on 23 July 2010 without the transcript of the proceedings in the Magistrates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846\charrsid11802846 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1986855\charrsid11802846 
 Court.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846\charrsid11802846  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5207817\charrsid11802846 The transfer order states}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14898422\charrsid11802846 :
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\f0\fs24\insrsid2242496\charrsid11802846 A}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6386326\charrsid11802846 mendment Act I hereby }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2242496\charrsid11802846 
transfer the arraignment/trial/sentencing* of the above-named accused to the High Court in respect of the attached charge sheet.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846\charrsid11802846 "}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6386326\charrsid11802846 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11802846 {\f0\fs24\insrsid2242496\charrsid11802846 
\par [}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3670653\charrsid11802846 3}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2242496\charrsid11802846 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14898422\charrsid11802846 It appears that the reference to the Crimes}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12137602\charrsid11802846  Decree
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5207817\charrsid11802846  in the order}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12137602\charrsid11802846  is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14898422\charrsid11802846  an error. The order was made under the Criminal Procedure Decree. Also, the reference that }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12214764\charrsid11802846 the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14898422\charrsid11802846 case was transferred for arraignment/}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12137602\charrsid11802846 trial/sentencing is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14898422\charrsid11802846  an }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12137602\charrsid11802846 error. The transfer was }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14898422\charrsid11802846 made }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11225862\charrsid11802846 to}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12214764\charrsid11802846  the High Court to decide on the jurisdiction}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11225862\charrsid11802846  in case of doubt}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12214764\charrsid11802846 . It is important that transfer orders from the Magistrates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846\charrsid11802846 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12214764\charrsid11802846 
 Court to the High Court are expressed clearly so that a judge is not left in doubt as to why the case is before }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1521058\charrsid11802846 him.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1986855\charrsid11802846 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1521058\charrsid11802846 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2899371\charrsid11802846 [}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3670653\charrsid11802846 4}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2899371\charrsid11802846 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2899371\charrsid11802846 
Counsel for the State has filed helpful submissions which give some backgr}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5207817\charrsid11802846 ound to this case.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846\charrsid11802846  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5207817\charrsid11802846 
The accused and a co-accused were jointly charged under the Penal Code with }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2899371\charrsid11802846 attempted larceny and conversion.
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8277791\charrsid11802846 
\par [}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3670653\charrsid11802846 5}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8277791\charrsid11802846 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11486670\charrsid11802846 T}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8277791\charrsid11802846 he trial commenced in the Magistrates}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846\charrsid11802846 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8277791\charrsid11802846  Court on 7 January 2008.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846\charrsid11802846  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8277791\charrsid11802846 
After the close of the case for the prosecution, the learned Magistrate upheld a no case to answer application by the defence and acquitted the accused persons.
\par 
\par [}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3670653\charrsid11802846 6}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8277791\charrsid11802846 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8277791\charrsid11802846 The State appealed against the acquittals to the High Court.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846\charrsid11802846  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8277791\charrsid11802846 On 9 October 2008, the High Court set aside the acquittals and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5207817\charrsid11802846  ordered the trial to proceed with}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8277791\charrsid11802846  the defence case before the same magistrate.
\par 
\par [}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3670653\charrsid11802846 7}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8277791\charrsid11802846 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8277791\charrsid11802846 After the case was remitted to the Magistrates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846\charrsid11802846 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8277791\charrsid11802846  Court, it was adjourned on numerous occasion}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1521058\charrsid11802846 s, mainly}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8277791\charrsid11802846  due to the fault of the defence.
\par 
\par [}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3670653\charrsid11802846 8}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8277791\charrsid11802846 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11486670\charrsid11802846 S}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8277791\charrsid11802846 ubsequently, the trial }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11486670\charrsid11802846 M}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8277791\charrsid11802846 agistrate left the benc}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1521058\charrsid11802846 h and the case is now before another}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8277791\charrsid11802846  Magistrate}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1521058\charrsid11802846 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8277791\charrsid11802846  
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1521058\charrsid11802846 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8277791\charrsid11802846 [}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3670653\charrsid11802846 9}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8277791\charrsid11802846 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8277791\charrsid11802846 
Meanwhile, the co-accused died and the charges against him are no longer relevant.
\par 
\par [}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3670653\charrsid11802846 10}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8277791\charrsid11802846 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8277791\charrsid11802846 On 22 June 2008, the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1521058\charrsid11802846 
 State made submissions before the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8277791\charrsid11802846  new }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5207817\charrsid11802846 Magistrate on}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1521058\charrsid11802846  the options }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11225862\charrsid11802846 that }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1521058\charrsid11802846 the court}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5207817\charrsid11802846  had}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8277791\charrsid11802846  in terms of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5207817\charrsid11802846 continuing with the case. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5181509\charrsid11802846 It was submitted that the trial could either continue on the previous }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11225862\charrsid11802846 trial }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181509\charrsid11802846 record}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11225862\charrsid11802846 ,
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181509\charrsid11802846  or de novo}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5207817\charrsid11802846 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16064475\charrsid11802846 The learned Magistrate without }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181509\charrsid11802846 making a decision}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16064475\charrsid11802846  transferred the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11225862\charrsid11802846 case to the High Court to determine}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16064475\charrsid11802846  jurisdiction.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8277791\charrsid11802846 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16064475\charrsid11802846 
\par [}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3670653\charrsid11802846 11}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16064475\charrsid11802846 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16064475\charrsid11802846 
In my judgment, the learned Magistrate erred in transferring the case to the High Court under section 42(1) of the Criminal Procedure Decree.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181509\charrsid11802846  There is no issue of jurisdiction in this case.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846\charrsid11802846  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181509\charrsid11802846 The accused is charged with offences that can be tried in the Magistrates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846\charrsid11802846 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181509\charrsid11802846  Court. 
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16064475\charrsid11802846 
\par 
\par [}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3670653\charrsid11802846 12}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16064475\charrsid11802846 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181509\charrsid11802846 An a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16064475\charrsid11802846 
ttempt to commit larceny contrary to section 381 of the Penal Code is an offence triable in the Magistrates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846\charrsid11802846 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16064475\charrsid11802846 
 Court according to the First Schedule of the Criminal Procedure Code.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846\charrsid11802846  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16064475\charrsid11802846 Conversion pursuant to section 279 of the Penal Code is also triable in the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2885901\charrsid11802846 Magistrates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846\charrsid11802846 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2885901\charrsid11802846  Court with the consent of the accused.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846\charrsid11802846  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2885901\charrsid11802846 There cannot be a doubt as to the jurisdiction of the Magistrates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846\charrsid11802846 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2885901\charrsid11802846  Court to try the charges in this case.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846\charrsid11802846  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2885901\charrsid11802846 For these reasons}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3427006\charrsid11802846 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2885901\charrsid11802846 
 the transfer order made to clarify doubt as to the jurisdiction was made in an error.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16064475\charrsid11802846 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2885901\charrsid11802846 
\par [}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3670653\charrsid11802846 13}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2885901\charrsid11802846 ]}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2885901\charrsid11802846 The transfer order is quashed and the case is remitted to the Magistrates}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846\charrsid11802846 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2885901\charrsid11802846  Court.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846\charrsid11802846  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2885901\charrsid11802846 Th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181509\charrsid11802846 
e learned Magistrate has discretion}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2885901\charrsid11802846  to either proceed with the case o}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181509\charrsid11802846 n the record }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4671852\charrsid11802846 of the previous Magistrate, }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2885901\charrsid11802846 or de novo.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181509\charrsid11802846  The discretion must be exercised after weighting all the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4671852\charrsid11802846  relevant}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181509\charrsid11802846 
 factors such}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11360720\charrsid11802846  as}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5181509\charrsid11802846  sufficiency of earlier court}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4671852\charrsid11802846 
 record and whether the accused is disadvantaged by the fact that the new Magistrate 
had no opportunity to observe the demeanour of the prosecution witnesses when they gave evidence. Of course, no exhaustive list can be produced. The right to a fair trial is the ultimate objective.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2885901\charrsid11802846 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13047187\charrsid11802846 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11802846 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid6889469\charrsid11802846 Daniel Goundar
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6889469\charrsid11802846 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11802846 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13047187\charrsid11802846 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6889469\charrsid11802846 At Suva
\par 17th August 2010
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6889469\charrsid11802846 Solicitors:
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6889469\charrsid11802846 Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions for State
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12453031\charrsid11802846 Office of Java}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11802846\charrsid11802846 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12453031\charrsid11802846 s Law }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13130815\charrsid11802846 for Accused}{\f0\fs24\insrsid596517\charrsid11802846 

\par }}