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{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 
\fs22\lang2057\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1600035\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 AT SUVA
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 CRIMINAL JURISDICTION
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid1600035\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 HIGH COURT CRIMINAL CASE NO:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1600035\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 HAC 181 OF 2008
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid1600035\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 BETWEEN:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 
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\b\f0\fs24\insrsid4283556\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10622277\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (FICAC)}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1600035\charrsid7418646 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1600035\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 PROSECUTION}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1600035 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid1600035\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 AND:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 
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s/o }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1600035\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 BAIJU}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1600035\charrsid7418646 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ACCUSED}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10622277\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1600035\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 PERSON
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid1600035\charrsid7418646 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1600035\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Counsel:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1600035\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Mr N. Marasinghe & Ms. E. Leweni}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1600035\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1600035\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
For FICAC
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Mr. A. Kohli}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1600035\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1600035\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 For Accused
\par 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1600035\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Date of Ruling:}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1600035\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 13.08.2010
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1600035\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 RULING
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid1600035\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14685516\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid14685516\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The accused}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5046408\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14685516\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Sunil Kumar}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11694584\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  (the accused)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14685516\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  stood charged on seven counts on the information }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13847257\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 dated 19.12.2008 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14685516\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 filed by the Fiji Independent Commission Against Corruption (FICAC).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5046408\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 All seven counts related to }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5046408\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 attempting to prevent }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11694584\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5046408\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 course of justice}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11694584\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12345262\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 an offence }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11694584\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
punishable under Section 131 (d) read with Section 47 of the Penal Code. The charges were founded on the basis of the comments and/or remarks}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5143792\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11694584\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 made by the accused whilst hearing cases of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11694584\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 formal proof}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11694584\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  in relation to traffic offences as the Resident-Magistrate at Nausaori between }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12853859\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 11.}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid11694584\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 0}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12853859\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 5}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11694584\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .2007- }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12853859\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 09.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11694584\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12853859\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 0}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11694584\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .200}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12853859\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 7}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11694584\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3036864\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13847257\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12853859\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid12853859\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12853859\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 comments and/or remarks}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12853859\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  as }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13847257\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 referred to by witnesses}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12853859\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , to which I will make reference later, do not in my view}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13847257\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  qualify themselves to be }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4333242\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
termed }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13847257\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 as such. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4333242\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Instead, it would be more semantically appropriate to categorise them as }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4333242\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 utterances}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4333242\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  for the purposes of this ruling, of course, without doing violence to the evidential impact of the testimonies of each witness.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13847257\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid1012424\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13697627\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid13697627\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12853859\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 alleged }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5143792\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 utterances}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13697627\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12853859\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 appe}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697627\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
ared to have been directed at Special Constable 2103 Divendra Singh on 11.05. 2007 and 12.05.2007, Woman Police Constable 3088 Ashika Mala on 07.06.2007, 30.08.2007 and 18.09.2007, Sergeant Timoci on 11.06.2007, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5143792\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697627\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Police Constable 3201 Avinesh on 09\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .10.2007}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2305541\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . Utterance
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5143792\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2305541\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15900\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  the accused}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2305541\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  on each day}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13847257\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , as mentioned above,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2305541\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 had given rise to a charge }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15900\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 in the above order }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2305541\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 against the accused according to the information dated 19.12.2008}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15900\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13697627\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid1012424\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1012424\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid1012424\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The information was, however, amended on 12.04.2010 by FICAC by deleting count }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4067705\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 N}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1012424\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 o 7, where the allegation of}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1012424\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1012424\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 attempting to prevent the course of justice}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1012424\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  was founded on the alleged accusation by the accused that }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11622956\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1012424\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Police Constable}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1012424\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 3201 Avinesh}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11622956\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1012424\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 was}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11622956\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1012424\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  taking\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  tips from drivers}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11622956\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ...}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid11622956\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14712503\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1012424\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid11622956\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11622956\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid11622956\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Remaining six counts were further reduced by an amendment to the information dated 10.06.2010 by deletion of the count relating to 12.05.2007 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4869749\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 admittedly for the reason that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11622956\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the impugned utterances could no}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4869749\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 t}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11622956\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  have been made }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4333242\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 at Divendra Singh }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4869749\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on that date
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6388156\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4869749\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6388156\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 which was }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4869749\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a Saturday}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6388156\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4869749\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11622956\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 in the absence of judicial proceedings }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4869749\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 being presided over by the accused. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11622956\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4869749\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4869749\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 6.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid4869749\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The trial}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12853859\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , having commenced on 28.07.2010 on the amended information dated 10.06.2010}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid679415\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12853859\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid679415\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 was }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12853859\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 proceed}{\f0\fs24\insrsid679415\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ing}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4869749\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  in respect of existing five counts}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid679415\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . In the course of the trial,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4869749\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid679415\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 t}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4869749\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he 3rd count pertain}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14823988\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4869749\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 g to the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14823988\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 alleged }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4869749\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 utterances }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14823988\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 of}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2123413\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  11.06.2007 by}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14823988\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  the accused }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4869749\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 directed at }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14823988\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Sergeant Timoci was withdrawn \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0  though belatedly }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2123413\charrsid7418646 \loch\af0\dbch\af36\hich\f0 \endash }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14823988\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2123413\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on 06.08.2010 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14823988\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
due to the absence of witness Timo\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ci}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2123413\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4869749\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14712503\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14712503\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 7.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid14712503\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The resultant position was that the information, as amended and filed on 10.06.2010, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16343850\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 was left with}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14712503\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  only four counts}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4067705\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16387790\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 The case for the prosecution}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5143792\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , having led nine witnesses with exhibits marked }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5143792\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 P-1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5143792\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 -}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5143792\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 P-26 (a)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5143792\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16387790\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 was closed in respect of those four counts}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4067705\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16387790\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4283556\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Record of exhibits tendered by the prosecution is annexed in Schedule-X.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14097142\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14097142\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067705\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 8.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid4067705\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 I propose to set-out below the charges}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6388156\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  in the four counts}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4067705\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  against the accused in the order of their occurrence in the amended informat\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ion in respect of which the prosecution led and produced evidence. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6388156\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6388156\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4328348\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (i)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6388156\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14097142\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Count 1 \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0  11}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4283556\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14097142\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 05}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4283556\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .20}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14097142\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
07: ordered Special Constable No. 2103 Divendra who was giving evidence on oath on Traffic Formal Proof cases to stop booking offending drivers or he would be cripp\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 led like former Police Commissioner, Mr. Jimi Koroi}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7408962\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , thereby attempting to prevent the course of justice by discouraging such officer from carrying out his official duties}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14097142\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3042696\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6388156\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4328348\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4328348\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (ii)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6388156\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14097142\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Count }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7408962\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 2}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14097142\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0  07}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4283556\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14097142\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 06}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4283556\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .20}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14097142\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 07: ordered Woman Police Constable No. 3088 Ashika }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4283556\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Mala }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14097142\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 who was giving evidence on oath on Traffic Formal Proof cases to stop booking offending drive}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7475580\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 r}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14097142\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s accusing her for killing them as Police have nothing to do and threatened the said officer that her children will be crippled like former Police Commissioner Ji\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 mi Koroi as a result of public curse}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid4283556\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , thereby attempting to prevent the course of justice by discouraging such officer from carrying out her official duites}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14097142\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6388156\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6388156\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4328348\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (iii)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6388156\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14097142\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Count }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14428480\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 4}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14097142\charrsid7418646 \loch\af0\dbch\af36\hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0  30}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5384973\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14097142\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 08}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5384973\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .20}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14097142\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 07: ordered Woman Police Constable No. 3088 Ashika who was giving eviden\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
ce on oath on Traffic Formal Proof cases to stop booking offending drivers or she would be crippled like former Police Commissioner, Mr. Jimi Koroi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5384973\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 thereby attempting to prevent the course of justice by discouraging such officer from carrying out her offic\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ial }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2515559\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 duties}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5384973\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6388156\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6388156\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4328348\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (iv)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6388156\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14097142\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Count }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3042696\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 5}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14097142\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0 
 18/09/07: ordered Woman Police Constable No. 3088 Ashika who was giving evidence on oath on Traffic Formal Proof cases to stop booking offending drives or she would be crippled like former Poli}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3042696\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ce Commissioner, Mr. Jimi Koroi}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5384973\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  thereby attempting to prevent the course of justice by discouraging such officer from carrying out her official duties.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14097142\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5382587\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4067705\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 9.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid4067705\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 At the close of the prosecution case, court wished to be aided }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5382587\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
by submissions of learned counsel as to the commission of the offen\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ces by the accused in light of the evidence adduced and the documents produced. Court specifically invited the assistance}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6046243\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  of t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5382587\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he learned counsel for the prosecution to sum-up }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5384973\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 evidence in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5382587\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the case in respect of each and every element of the offence}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16715963\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5384973\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6046243\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4328348\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4328348\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6046243\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 10.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid6046243\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Learned counsel}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7475580\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  for the prosecution}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6046243\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
, however, appeared }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7475580\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 perturbed and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6046243\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 persistent}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3309032\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
ly rel}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7475580\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ied}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3309032\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  on the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6046243\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  contention that}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6046243\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6046243\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
there should be an application by a party}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3309032\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4684565\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16715963\charrsid12591338 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 obviously}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4684565\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  for }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4684565\charrsid12591338 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 no case to answer}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4684565\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ]}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid12591338 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4684565\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4684565\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
and alluded to the proposition that the court did not have power to embark on the cours}{\f0\fs24\insrsid871870\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e of action that it did wish to}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4684565\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16124242\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16124242\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4684565\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 11.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid4684565\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Judicial course, as the court wished to embark on}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2056282\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  as stated above}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4684565\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6975455\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  was premised on Section 231 of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16715963\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6975455\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he Criminal Procedure Decree No\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  43 of 2009 (the Decree), which states:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5708049 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \qj \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9984473 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5708049\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Close of case for the prosecution
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5708049\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 231.}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid416677\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5708049\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (1) }{\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5708049\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 When the evidence of the witnesses for the prosecution has been concluded, }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5708049\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 and after hearing}{\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5708049\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  (if necessary) }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5708049\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
any arguments which the prosecution or the defence may desire to submit, the}{\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid5708049\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 court shall record a finding of not guilty if it considers that there is no evidence that the accused person (or any one of several accused) committed the offence.}{\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7418646\charrsid12591338 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5708049\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (2) When the e\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
vidence of the witnesses for the prosecution has been concluded, the court shall, if it considers that there is evidence that the accused person (or any one or more of several accused persons) committed the offence, inform each such accused person of thei
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 r\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  right \hich\f0 \emdash \loch\f0  
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5708049\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5708049\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to address the court, either personally or by his or}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5708049\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 her lawyer (if any); and 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5708049\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5708049\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to give evidence on his or her own behalf; or 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5708049\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5708049\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to make an unsworn statement; and 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5708049\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5708049\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to call witnesses in his or her defence. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5708049\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (3)...}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4328348\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4328348\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (Emphasis added)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5708049\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16124242\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 12.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid16124242\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 An analysis of the provisions of Section 231}{\f0\fs24\insrsid416677\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , as applicable to}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16124242\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  this instance, would be opportune and appropriate in view of the learned }{\f0\fs24\insrsid871870\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 prosecuting }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16124242\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
counsel}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16124242\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s }{\f0\fs24\insrsid416677\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 contention, which I find to be obnoxious to}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16124242\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  the Section}{\f0\fs24\insrsid416677\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2056282\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  Such analysis wou
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ld}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14568719\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  also}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2056282\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
, in my view, be relevant for purposes of posterity even though the learned counsel for the prosecution ably summed-up his case after an adjournment either with or without appreciation of the provisions of the Section-which court w
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 as not able to fathom in the absence of a submission to that effect by the learned counsel.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3042696\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid416677\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid416677\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 13.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid416677\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Section 231, }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid416677\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 inter alia,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid416677\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 envisages two situations, namely }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid416677\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ...there is no evidence...}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14568719\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid416677\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [to proceed with]}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid416677\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  under sub-Section (1) and}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid416677\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid416677\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ...there is evidence ...}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14568719\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid416677\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [t\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 o proceed with]}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid416677\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  under sub-Section (2)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7170962\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  and i}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid416677\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 n either }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7170962\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 situation}{\f0\fs24\insrsid416677\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
, the court has to make a provisional determination}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7170962\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . It was in the spirit of sub-Section (1)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14568719\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 and on principles of equity}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7170962\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14568719\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7170962\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
court invited submissions from both counsel albeit the court was empowered to make such determination }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7170962\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ex-mero motu}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14568719\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14568719\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14568719\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3309032\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 14.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid3309032\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 I may digress to observe that }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9599901\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 one may }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3309032\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 perhaps }
{\f0\fs24\insrsid9599901\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 find }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10038972\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9599901\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
learned counsel to be correct in his contention that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14381158\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9599901\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9599901\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 an application [for no ca\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 se to answer] had to}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6449940\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 come from a party}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6449940\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6449940\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
for court to consider the evidence of the prosecution thus far led}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3500202\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . But, that i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6449940\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9599901\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  due to the misconception of a }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6449940\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 day-to-day }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9599901\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
practice}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6449940\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  in court}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9599901\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , which is almost }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5333484\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 now }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9599901\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 hardened to a rule}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7805468\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9599901\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  in}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14381158\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 stead}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9599901\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  of the appreciation of the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7805468\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 statutory}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9599901\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  content of the Section.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid416677\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7805468\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The statutory content}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14381158\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , however,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7805468\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  does not at all postulate}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6449940\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 that court could consider evidence of the prosecution at th}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3500202\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6449940\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  stage }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3500202\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 of its close}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6449940\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  on}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3500202\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ly on}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7805468\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  an application from a party. Conversely, it is the court and the court alone\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  that ought to make the determination}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6449940\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 under the Section}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7805468\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  either with or without an}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10038972\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 y}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7805468\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  application}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10038972\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . If }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6449940\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 it is otherwise}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7553479\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4328348\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  as erroneously contended by the learned counsel}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10038972\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , it would amount to }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15663364\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 an}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10038972\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  abdication of the power of court}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14381158\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
. Such an }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15622661\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 abdication }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15663364\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 by court of its power }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15622661\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 must not be viewed to have been present in a criminal trial}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3500202\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15622661\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14381158\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14381158\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15622661\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 15.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid15622661\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Moreover, this power of court}{\f0\fs24\insrsid815299\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  as granted by the Decree}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14381158\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , which I consider as salutary in criminal jurisprudence and procedure,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10038972\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid815299\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
must not be compromised with the practice\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  in court even though such practice has attained the status of }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid815299\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 cursus-curiae}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid1199415\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid871870\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 contrary to the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1199415\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 clear language in the Section.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid815299\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid815299\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3500202\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 16.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid3500202\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 By means of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5333484\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 either }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3500202\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
abdication or compromise, the power vested with court under Section\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  231 (1) of the Decree is too expensive to have }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10553108\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 been }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3500202\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 done away with}{\f0\fs24\insrsid538700\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3500202\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10553108\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 as}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3500202\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10553108\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 some }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3500202\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 fundamental}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10553108\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3500202\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  criminal }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid538700\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 jurisprudence}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3500202\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  and procedure}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10553108\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , in my view,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3500202\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  seem to have been ingrained in that Section}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6248890\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3500202\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }
{\f0\fs24\insrsid871870\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 And, it is the sacrosanct duty of court to uphold them.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15663364\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15663364\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (i) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10553108\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Firstly, it has the effect of shielding an accused-person against self-incrimination, which is available to any person as a}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15296314\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10553108\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 privilege}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15296314\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15663364\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 This privilege against self-incrimination could be affected if court exposes a person accused of an offence without }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5384973\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 prima\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  facie }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15663364\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 satisfying itself }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9979857\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on the evidence }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15663364\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 as to}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9979857\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  the commission of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1199415\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 an}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9979857\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  offence.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15663364\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15663364\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (ii) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15296314\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Secondly, it ensures that }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15296314\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a prima-facie case}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid12591338 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15296314\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15296314\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 against the accused-person should be brought forward by the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5333484\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 prosecution }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1199415\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 as}{\f0\fs24\insrsid15296314\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  an innocent man }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9979857\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid15296314\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 re}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9979857\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 quired to offer}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15296314\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  no explanation or defence}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9979857\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  against any allegation on commission of an offence}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid15296314\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid871870\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9979857\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5333484\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (iii) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5333484\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Thirdly, }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4144729\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the combination of (i) and (ii) above, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5333484\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 reinforces the inviolable golden rules of presumption}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4144729\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  of innocence and burden of proof }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5384973\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on the prosecution, which are }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4144729\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 uniq\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ue to}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5333484\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  criminal}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5384973\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  law}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4144729\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5333484\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid9979857\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (iv) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4144729\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Fourthly}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3487548\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , it }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9979857\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 guarantees judicial intervention of court as the final arbiter}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3487548\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  to uphold and preserve above principles }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4144729\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 in favour of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3487548\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a person}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid538700\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  accused of an offence}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3487548\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid538700\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid538700\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid538700\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 17.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid538700\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The first two signify substantive legal principles, which are presumed to have}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid538700\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 known to any investigative and prosecutorial agency}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950945\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  and they are expected to apply the principles objectively}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2050557\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  so as to avoid a person being charged}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4144729\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2050557\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 if no criminal offence is re\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 vealed under the law}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950945\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . Once the case is handed-}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11348903\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 over}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3950945\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 to court after going through the channels of investigative and prosecutorial agencies, the legislative wisdom of the Criminal Procedure Decree, as the other contemporary jurisdictions do, invests court wit\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 h power}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11080864\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  to procedurally uphold the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3950945\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid11080864\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
above legal principles through a mechanism prescribed by Section 231 (1)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2050557\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4589424\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Th}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4416010\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 is}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4589424\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  mechanism is pertinently important}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1199415\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 especially}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4589424\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  if a prosecutorial agency either innocuously or consciously }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7553479\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
presents a case without prima facie evidence in respect of each and every element of the offence with which the accused is charged. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4589424\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4589424\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6951936\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 18.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid6951936\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 It was in this}{\f0\fs24\insrsid329582\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  background of Section 231}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6951936\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 that court invited submissions of counsel in order to be able to discharge it\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s mandatory task of determining on whether to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8933731\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 proceed or not as }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid4144729\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 required }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8933731\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 by }{\f0\fs24\insrsid329582\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2050557\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Section}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4416010\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5321414\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5852351\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Learned counsel for the prosecution and for the accused made submissions and I must place on record that the court was benefitted by them. Before I consider the submis
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 sions, I would deal with the test that needs to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12066486\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 be }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5852351\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 adopted }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12066486\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 in making the determination by court under the Section at the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5852351\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12066486\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 close of the prosecution case.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2050557\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid12066486\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12066486\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 19.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid12066486\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The provisions of Section 231 (1) of the Decree are identical to those of Section 293 (1) of the Criminal Procedure Code. The application of the provisions of the Section }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10058587\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 and the similar provisions in contemporary jurisdictions has very often become a cont\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 entious issue in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14968770\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10058587\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
adjudication of cases pertaining to criminal law. The matter, however, is now settled by a long line of judicial precedents perhaps commencing from the landmark decision in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5205071\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5205071\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 R v Galbraith }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5205071\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 73 Cr. App. R. 124 of the Court of Appeal of the\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  United Kingdom.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid7999927\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7999927\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 20.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid7999927\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In Gailbraith}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7999927\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7999927\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  case, it was held that:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid4144729\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
' ...(1) If there is no evidence that the crime alleged, has been committed by the defendant, there is no difficulty. The judge will of course stop the case. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (2) The difficulty arises where t\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
here is some evidence but it is of a tenuous character, for example because of inherent weakness or vagueness or because it is inconsistent with other evidence.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Where the judge comes to the conclusion that the prosecution evidence, taken at its highes\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
t, is such that a jury properly directed could not properly convict upon it, it is his duty, upon a submission being made, to stop the case. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Where however the prosecution evidence is such that its strength or weakness depends on the view to be taken \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
of a witness's reliability, or other matters which are generally speaking within the province of the jury and where on one possible view of the facts there is evidence upon which a jury could properly come to the conclusion that the defendant is guilty, t
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 h\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 en the judge should allow the matter to be tried by the jury.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12591338 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
. . . . There will of course, as always in this branch of the law, be borderline cases. They can safely be left to the discretion of the judge.'
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid7999927\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5011709\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 21.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid5011709\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The above dictum }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9072571\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 was }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5011709\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 considered by the Fiji
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  High Court in the case of the }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid5011709\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 State v Kapoor }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5011709\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
[1996] FJHC 111; HAC 06/94; 30.04.1996 in light of the submission by the prosecuting counsel }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9072571\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to the effect that if there is some evidence, the case should proceed }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9836736\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 apparently }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9072571\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on the basis of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9836736\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a ruling}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9072571\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  in }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9072571\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Sisa Kalisoqo v R }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9072571\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Cr. App. 52/1984.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid9072571\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9072571\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 22.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9072571\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Sisa}{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7025078\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9072571\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  case appears to have been relied on by the State in order to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid421094\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 negate court}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid421094\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s inclination to follow the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9836736\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 dictum }{\f0\fs24\insrsid421094\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 of Grant J. in the case of }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid421094\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 R. V Jai Chand}{\f0\fs24\insrsid421094\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  (1972) 18 FLR 101, where}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11029778\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid421094\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  issue of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid421094\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 whether to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16262409\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 or not to proceed}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid421094\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 arose. Grant J.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid421094\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s forceful formulation as to how a Judge should approach the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7999927\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16262409\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 issue merit}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7025078\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7999927\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7025078\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 its }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16262409\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 setting-down. His Lordship ruled:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2051118\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11029778\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid11029778\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2051118\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
It seems clear that the decision as to whether or not there is a case to answer should depend not so much \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
on whether the adjudicating tribunal would at that stage convict or acquit but on whether the evidence is such that a reasonable tribunal properly directing its mind to the law and the evidence could or might convict on the evidence so far laid before it.
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In other words, at the close of the prosecution}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2051118\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
s case the Court should adopt an objective test as distinct from the ultimate subjective test to be adopted at the close of the trial. But the question does not depend solely on whether there is some evidence\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 irrespective of its credibility or weight sufficient to put the accused on his defence. A mere scintilla of evidence can never be enough nor can any amount of worthless discredited evidence.}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15336972 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7999927\charrsid15336972 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6446064\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6446064\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 23.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid6446064\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Having considered the above decisions, His Lordship Justice Fatiaki (as he then was) observed that:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6446064\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6446064\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Prosecuting counsel in light of the above dictum of the }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6446064\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Fiji Court of Appeal}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6446064\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  in}{
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6446064\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6446064\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Sisa Kalisoqo}{\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7418646\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6446064\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6446064\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 case submitted that the decision in }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6446064\charrsid15336972 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Jai Chand}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6446064\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  must be cons\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 idered as impliedly over-ruled.}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15336972\charrsid15336972 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15336972\charrsid15336972 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6446064\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In my view}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9836736\charrsid15336972 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6446064\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  however}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9836736\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6446064\charrsid15336972 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  the two decisions are not necessarily in conflict and indeed may be reconciled on the basis that }{\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6446064\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Sisa Kalisoqo}{
\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7418646\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid6446064\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s}{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6446064\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6446064\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 case was directed at interpreting the meaning of }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6446064\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Section 293 }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6446064\charrsid15336972 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 in the context of the recogn\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ised separation of the duties and functions of a judge and a jury in the case of a jury trial, whereas, Jai Chand}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15336972 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6446064\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s case is directed at \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
the meaning of the term "evidence" as it occurs in Section 293 when viewed in the context of the mode of trial in this Court where the judge in giving the judgment of the Court is not bound to conform to the opinions of the assessors}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid9836736\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6446064\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  (See: }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6446064\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Section 299(2) 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 CPC}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6446064\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ).}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6446064\charrsid15336972 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6446064\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16739713\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 24.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid16739713\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Learned prosecuting counsel in this case, too, was strenuously seeking to make the point that if there is }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16739713\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 some evidence}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16739713\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , the c}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7025078\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ourt }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16739713\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 must proceed and the case must be left to the assessors to decide. This submission, }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11759631\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on one hand, has the ineffi\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 cacy of downplaying the role of the Judge in a High Court Criminal Trial in view of the provisions in Section 237 of the Decree, }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3415506\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 which states: 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3415506\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3415506\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
237(1) When the case for th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e prosecution and the defence is closed, the judge shall sum up and shall then require each of the assessors to state their opinion orally, and shall record each opinion. }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15336972\charrsid15336972 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15336972\charrsid15336972 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3415506\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (2) }{\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid3415506\charrsid15336972 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The judge shall then give judgment,\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  but in doing so shall not be bound to conform to the opinions of the assessors.}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3415506\charrsid15336972 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3415506\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3415506\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ...}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3415506 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15336972\charrsid7418646 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3415506\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The counterpart section of the above under the Criminal Procedure Code has already been considered by Fatiaki J. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7667881\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7025078\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Kapoor}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7025078\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7667881\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 case }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3415506\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 and }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7667881\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 has }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3415506\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
underlined the inconclusivenes\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s of the opinions of the assessors in a criminal trial under the laws of Fiji as opposed to trials by jury in other jurisdictions.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7667881\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  His Lordship}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7667881\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s observation serves to reinforce the Judge}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7667881\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s role in a criminal trial}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6968831\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  at every stage until its conclusion.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid8282929\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid7667881\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8282929\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 25.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid8282929\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The submission, on the other hand}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7667881\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid8282929\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 cannot be legally accommodated in light of}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16739713\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  the recent pronouncement by Goundar J. in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16739713\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 FICAC v Rajendra Kumar and Jaswant Kumar }{\f0\fs24\insrsid16739713\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 HAC 001/09; 11.02.20}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10622277\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16739713\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 0.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7667881\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  His Lordship Justice Goundar in that case very succinctly formulated t
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he test to be applied in dealing with a matter at the stage of the close of prosecution case. His Lordship held that: 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7667881\charrsid15336972 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7667881\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
The test is that there must be some relevant and admissible evidence, direct or circumstantial, touching}{\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7667881\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  on all the elements of the off\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ence.}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7667881\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid7667881\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The credibility, reliability and weight of the evidence are matters for the assessors}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7667881\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  (}{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7667881\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Sisa Kalisoqo v. State }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7667881\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Criminal Appeal No. 52 of 1984,}{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7667881\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  State v. Mosese Tuisawau }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7667881\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Criminal Appeal No. 14 of 1990)}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7667881\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid7667881\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\f0\fs24\insrsid7667881\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (Emphasis added)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid2050557\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2763904\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 26.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid2763904\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1912566\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
above holding clearly demarcates the functions of the Judge and the assessors. The credibility and the weight of the evidence indisputably can be considered only after all the evidence including that of the accused is led}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid11343213\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3934922\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  and}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11343213\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3934922\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  that stage is yet to come.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1912566\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3934922\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 T
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he test, referred to above,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6833516\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  therefore}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3934922\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 pertains only to the issue of existence of evidence to satisfy all the elements of the offence so as to enable court to proceed with after the case for the prosecution is closed. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6833516\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6833516\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6833516\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 27.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid6833516\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The offence}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13042848\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  of }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13042848\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 attempt to prevent the course of justice}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13042848\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  under Section 131 (d)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4392028\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  of the Penal Code}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6833516\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
, with which the accused is charged, is common to all four counts numbering (1), (2), (4) and (5) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13042848\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 of the amended information dated 10.06}{\f0\fs24\insrsid132884\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .2010. The Section provides}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13042848\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 :}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13042848 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15336972\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13042848\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Any pers\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on commits a misdemeanour who-
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15336972\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13042848\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15336972 {
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13042848\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 conspires with any other person to accuse any person falsely of any crime or to do anything to obstruct, prevent, pervert or defeat the course of justice; or
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15336972\charrsid15336972 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13042848\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15336972 {
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13042848\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
in order to obstruct the due course of justice, dissuades, hinders or prevents any person lawfully bound to appear and give evidence as a witness from so appearing and giving evidence, or endeavours to do so; or
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15336972\charrsid15336972 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13042848\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15336972 {
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13042848\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 obstructs or in any way interferes with\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  or knowingly prevents the execution of any legal process, civil or criminal; or
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15336972\charrsid15336972 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13042848\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15336972 {
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13042848\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 in any way obstructs, prevents, perverts or defeats, or attempts to obstruct, prevent, pervert or defeat, the course of justice.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15336972\charrsid15336972 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4392028\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 28.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid4392028\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4392028\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 attempt}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4392028\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  is defined under Secti\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on 380 of the Penal Code, which states:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13042848\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid132884\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid132884\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
When a person, }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid132884\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 intending to commit an offence,}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid132884\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid132884\charrsid12591338 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 begins to put his intention into execution by means adapted to its fulfilment}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid132884\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid132884\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 and manifests his intention by some overt act}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid132884\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , bu\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
t does not fulfil his intention to such an extent as to commit the offence, he is deemed to attempt to commit the offence.}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15336972\charrsid15336972 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15336972\charrsid15336972 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid132884\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
It is immaterial, except so far as regards punishment, whether the offender does all that is necessary on his part for completing th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
e commission of the offence, or whether the complete fulfilment of his intention is prevented by circumstances independent of his will, or whether he desists of his own motion from the further prosecution of his intention}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15336972 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15336972\charrsid15336972 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid132884\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 It is immaterial that by reason o\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
f circumstances not known to the offender it is impossible in fact to commit the offence.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13042848\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1784321\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 29.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid1784321\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Elements of the offence that could be deduced from the above legal provisions are:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid1784321\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (i) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1784321\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Intention to commit the offence (namely the prevention of the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1784321\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 course of j\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ustice);
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\f0\fs24\insrsid7806243\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (ii) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1784321\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Putting such intention into execution by means adapted by}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid1784321\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 him to fulfil the intention; and,
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\f0\fs24\insrsid7806243\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (iii) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7806243\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Manifestation of such intention by some overt act.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid7806243\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16584164\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 30.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid16584164\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Intention to prevent the course of justice, therefore, plays a pivotal role in the whole gamut of the offence of }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15336972 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid16584164\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 attempt to prevent the course of justice}{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16584164\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  under Section 131(d) read with Section 380 of the Penal Code. Contents of (i) above represent the es\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
sential mental element, while the contents of (ii) and (iii) above represent the essential physical element. Presence of both elements together would only constitute the offence}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13513846\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6979073\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6979073\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 31.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid6979073\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 His Lordship Justice Goundar in}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13513846\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6979073\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
his ruling dated 18.03.2010 in this case\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  considered the constituent elements of the offence under Section 131}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7626632\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (d)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6979073\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  of the Penal Code. I respectfully call in aid the formulation by His Lordship on the issue of intention }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7626632\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 bas}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6979073\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ed on }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid6979073\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 R v Vreones }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6979073\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (1891) 1 QB 360}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7626632\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  to support the above proposition. It was held that:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13513846\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3042696\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid7626632\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15336972 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7626632\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
The accused is specifically charged with an attempt to prevent the course of justice, contrary to section 131(d) of the Penal Code. This charge can be sustained in law and fact, if it could be shown t\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
hat the accused did an act with an intention to prevent the course of justice. It was held in }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7626632\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 R v Vreones}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7626632\charrsid15336972 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 (supra) that the offence requires proof of a specific intention to prevent the course of justice and not an act that has a known tendency to prevent t\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he course of justice.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16600698\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626632\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 32.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid7626632\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Prosecution, in laying charges in respect of the offence, therefore, has to undertake the task of proving both elements beyond reasonable doubt in the discharge of its overall burden at the conclusion of the case. It must in the 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 process satisfy court that }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7626632\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
...there is evidence that the accused person has committed the offence}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7626632\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7626632\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 at the close of the prosecution case as, if it is otherwise, Section 231 (1) of the Decree poses\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 a threat to the prosecution case at the instance of the Judge to }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7626632\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ...record a finding of not guilty...}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7626632\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid7626632\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13388653\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 33.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Evidence as adduced by the prosecution at the close of the prosecution case }{\f0\fs24\insrsid8471824\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 comes}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 from witnesses Sp. Constable 2103 Divendra Singh in relation t\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
o Count No 1 and from Woman Police Constable 3088 Ashika Mala in relation to Count Nos. 2, 4 and 5.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7626632\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13388653\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 34.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Evidence of witness-Ashika Mala reveals that:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
She was a Woman Police Inspector and was attached to Nausori Police Station}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12538211\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .She}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  was on duty in Highway 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Patrol Section. She gave evidence before the accused when he was functioning as the Magistrate in Nausori from June- September, 2007. Evidence was taken in Chamber of the accused from 0800 hrs. PC 2103 Divendra Singh, Sgt 191 Timoci were present. Police P
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 r\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 osecutor was PC Shalend Prasad. She went to give evidence on }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 07.06.2007}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .She said that why I was doing so many bookings. Your}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12538211\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 are killing the people of
}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12538211\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  Nausori. What had happened to J}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 imi Koroi . He is on a wheel chair}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12538211\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  That is what will happen to you. He asked}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12538211\charrsid15216136 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  whether I was married. I said t}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 hat I was just engaged and he said that your children when born wil}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12538211\charrsid15216136 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 l}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  be crippled. The witness said that she felt so bad and built fear against doing bookings. That resulted in less}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12538211\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 b\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
ookings. She said normally she had about 10-15 bookings per day. She had complained of the incident to Sgt 266 Subash Mudliyar and CPL 1298 Ashok Kumar. She said the remarks had traumatized her and that she had never experienced}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12538211\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  it}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  before}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12538211\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15336972\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 She had gone be\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 fore the accused on }{
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 30.08.200}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
7 between 0800 hrs-0830 hrs. The accused had questioned on her bookings. She had not been able to answer the }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12538211\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 queries}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  by the accused and she had been subjected to the same comments by the accused. She sai}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12538211\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 d}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  that the incident buil\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 t fear in her and resulted in less bookings. }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12538211\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15336972\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 She had suffered the same experience on }{
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 18.09.2007.}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  She had asked for transfer.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15336972\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Witness identified TINs relating to her appearance before the accused on 30.08.2007 and m}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12538211\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
rked such TINs commencing from Nos 723922-725956 in relation to count 4 of the Information as }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 P-1}{
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15336972\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 She marked TINs from 733659-750697 and the volume containing such TINs as }{
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid12538211\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 P}{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 -2}{
\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
in relation to count 5 of the Information, which related to her cases for \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 18.09.2007. She said that she had taken 48 TINs for the period from 04.07.2007-01.08.2007. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Witness marked Traffic}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15216136 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Registers from 22.12.2006-06.01.2008 as }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 P3-P21}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
She identified 36 TINs for 30.08,2007 and 48 TINs for 18.09.2007. She said that the reduction of bookings was due to the fear that she had over the remarks made by the accused.. She said she went before the accused even after 07.06.2007 on 30.08.2007 and 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 1\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 8.09.2007.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
She said that she had to form some white forms before the cases were taken up before the accused and that she had not filled such forms before and that she only gave the police dockets for formal proof cases.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In cross-examination, she said tha\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 t:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
She said that she could not show any TIN total of which was 60 in number that came up for formal proof on 07.06.2007}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  on which date the comments in issue were made by the accused. She was emphatic that her TINs for 07.06.2007 were not available for her\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  to testify on and instead relied on court register.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
However, after the trial was adjourned for the following day being the 02 .08.2010, the TINs that were alleged to have been unavailable emerged and were produced before court. She could not tell whether\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 all the accused were discharged or convicted in her formal proof cases on 07.06.2007. She said that she had about 60 TIN for that day and only 39 had been presented to court and 21 were missing. The percentage of conviction on the basis of available TINs
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 was 66% and it could be even more had the balance TIN been available. She said that she was not in a position to say where the balance TIN were.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
She said that the accused did not want any booking. She said that 10 minutes were given for her study the file\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  and come back for formal proof.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
She said that Devendra Singh too could not answer the questions and he was also }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2515559\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 given}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 the files to be taken home
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 She said that the dockets }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2515559\charrsid15216136 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 were}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  given when she was not able to answer the accused and she saw nothing wrong i\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
n the accused asking questions like that. She was not able to say }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2515559\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 whether}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 the TINs that were not before court were the ones where she was not able to answer on. She said that the accused was only asking that why you were doing so many bookings and that com\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
ments was made during the proceedings in the formal proof cases.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
She said after the comments the bookings came down. She said that the number of formal proof cases on her TINs were 38 and that was for March, 2007. For the month of June, 2007, the number o\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
f cases formally proved was 36. She admitted that there was a reduction by 2. Answering court whether such d}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid3625453\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 crease could not be attributed to any other contributory factors, she emphatically said that it was exclusively due to the remarks made by the accu\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
sed. On 18.09.2007, she had formally proved her bookings for the month of July,2007 and it was 47 TINs. She did not answer the question that for the month of July, 2007, the number of her TINs had gone up by}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10622277\charrsid15216136 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  11 and }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he sought to explain the increase on the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 basis of traffic operations
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10622277\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 35.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid10622277\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Evidence of witness Divendra Singh in relation to Count No (1) is of similar tenor. He said that}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7756450\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  that}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10622277\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 :}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7756450\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7756450\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7756450\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 He went to court on 11/5/2007.}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15216136 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7756450\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 He had about 100 Formal Proof Notices. The proceedings were held in open court on 11/5\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 /2007 before the accused.}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7756450\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 He was not able to answer all the questions a he had about 100 Formal Proof Notices.}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7756450\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 He did not remember speed places of offence, etc. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7756450\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The Accused gave the file for him to study the fast and come and give evidence.
}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7756450\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Even after go\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
ing through the files he was not able to grasp all the details in the file because of the number of the files.}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7756450\charrsid15216136 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 They were called back to give evidence and she could not give all the details asked by the accused.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7756450\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The accused then started making remarks sayi\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ng }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7756450\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 You people can}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7756450\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 t give evidence why are you doing so many bookings.}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7756450\charrsid15216136 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 You people need to be spoon-fed. Make rice and dhal and feed you.}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7756450\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
You are being cursed by the drivers.}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7756450\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
Your former Commissioner, Jimi Koroi and another officer whose limb has been amput\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ated - the same fate will happen to you}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7756450\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . He was discouraged by the remarks by the Magistrate.}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7756450\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7756450\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The witness marked the volume of TINs containing 31in number marked P22.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7756450\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 He went for the remaining 69 TINS on 14/5/2007.}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7756450\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7756450\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Answering cross examinations the wi\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
tness said that he was not able to give the details that the accused wanted.}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7756450\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
The accused said if the witness was not able to recall the details of bookings why was he having so many bookings?
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7756450\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The accused said the witness should recall the details of his b
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ooking.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7756450\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 He was given a form under Section 221 of the CPC to fill in. That assisted him.
}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7756450\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 But the witness thought it was wrong.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136\charrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7756450\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The witness said that he preferred the que\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
stions to have been asked by the police prosecutor because he used to ask leading questions as they were easy to answer because they suggested the answers.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid8471824\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10622277\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 36.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid10622277\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The testimony of the two material witnesses}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6313225\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10622277\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 insofar as the words spoken to by the accused are \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 concerned in relation to the four counts}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6313225\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10622277\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  is uncontradicted. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6313225\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The rest of the evidence of many witnesses corroborated the testimony of the two witnesses in that regard. }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10622277\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The defence, in fact, did not seek }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6313225\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to dispute them. This court, therefore, is able to co\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
me to the inevitable conclusion that the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10622277\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6313225\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
words alleged were spoken to and directed at the two witnesses, who had appeared before the accused in }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6313225\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Formal Proof Cases}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6313225\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  on Traffic Infringement Notices (TIN).}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12078888\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 Court accordingly takes the words at their worst aga\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 inst the accused.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6313225\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6313225\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16075719\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 37.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid16075719\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Having heard the evidence of the two witnesses, t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid11678885\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 his court notes with a great deal of contempt}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid12078888\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  that the words directed at the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16075719\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 m}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12078888\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 by the accused in this case}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10622277\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid12078888\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 were really intrusive and d\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
istasteful; and, no sensible human being could have consumed them. The accused}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1519028\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , therefore,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid12078888\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 deserves to be frowned upon and must receive the opprobrium of this court for making those utterances whilst}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1519028\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  sitting as a Magistrate as no judicial officer is expect
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ed to make that kind of offensive utterances at a witness or anyone else}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16600698\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  in judicial proceedings}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1519028\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . }{\f0\fs24\insrsid808036\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid808036\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid808036\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 38.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid808036\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Learned counsel for the prosecution submitted that he was relying only on the utterances made by the accused to support his case. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14437862\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 This Court holds that \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid808036\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he utterances}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14437862\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16600698\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 would }{\f0\fs24\insrsid808036\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 con}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14437862\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid808036\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ti}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14437862\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 tute}{\f0\fs24\insrsid808036\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  the physical element of the }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14437862\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 offence under Section 131 read with 380 of the Penal Code}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2971122\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16600698\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  if and only if}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2971122\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16600698\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid2971122\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the prosecution establishes that the words spoken w}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4980768\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ere}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2971122\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2971122\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the means adapted by the accused in fulfilment of his intention}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid12591338 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2971122\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  and the act of speaking of th}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid4980768\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ose}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2971122\charrsid12591338 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  words was }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2971122\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the manifestation of his intention}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2971122\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  to }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{
\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2971122\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 prevent the course of justice}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid2971122\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid2971122\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 This, by any standard,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4980768\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  wa}{\f0\fs24\insrsid2971122\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
s an uphill task for the prosecution i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14437862\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 n the absence of evidence suggestive of any other offending act in this case\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  by the accused.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid1519028\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9977930\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14316571\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9977930\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 39.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid9977930\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The legal issue}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14316571\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  before this court}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9977930\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14316571\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 therefore}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9977930\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3305341\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
looms large requiring court to consider }{\f0\fs24\insrsid808036\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 as to whether}{\f0\fs24\insrsid330438\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid808036\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4980768\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 words }{\f0\fs24\insrsid808036\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 spoke}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4980768\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 n}
{\f0\fs24\insrsid808036\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  and directed at the two witnesses }{\f0\fs24\insrsid4980768\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 by themselves}{\f0\fs24\insrsid330438\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid4980768\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  were capable of making both the mental element and the physical element so as to constitute the offence as analysed in paragraph 30 above.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid808036\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid330438\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In this context, ruling in }{\b\i\f0\fs24\insrsid330438\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 R v Vreones }{\f0\fs24\insrsid330438\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (supra) on the specific intention to prevent the course of justice and the sp\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ecific act to prevent the course of justice as opposed to its mere tendency should be borne in mind.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid330438\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6165290\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 40.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid6165290\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The utterances made by the accused should be considered in overall consideration of the conduct of the accused }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9074498\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 as}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6165290\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  such utterances}{\f0\fs24\insrsid16075719\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , though offensive}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9074498\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6165290\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  r\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 epresent only one segment of his conduct in the judicial proceedings concerning }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6165290\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Formal Proof Cases}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6165290\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  on TINs}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid16075719\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  on the four relevant dates}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6165290\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6165290\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9074498\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 41.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid9074498\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The overall conduct of the accused was brought forward i}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5458809\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 n cross-examination of }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6165290\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the prosecution}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5458809\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  witnesses}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9074498\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5458809\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9074498\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 I}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5458809\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 t was}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6165290\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  transpired that: 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6165290\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (i) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6165290\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
The accused took-up the traffic cases in the morning from 08.00-09.00 a.m}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13721373\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9977930\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (ii) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13721373\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
The accused used to ask for details of traffic infringements from witnesses;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6165290\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16075719\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (iii) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13721373\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
As and when the witnesses failed to know the details of TINs, he r\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ebuked and remarked }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13721373\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 if}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13721373\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 you cannot remember the details of your bookings, do not book people for the sake of booking;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16075719\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (iv) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13721373\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
The accused adjourned the proceedings to enable the two witnesses to refresh their memories on the relevant dates; 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16075719\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (v) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13721373\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The accused
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  wanted the witnesses to fill details that they tended to forget in a white form to expedite the}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5012231\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  disposal of cases;}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid13721373\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16075719\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (vi) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid533731\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
The accused made the utterances only in the course of the proceedings in relation to TINs that came up in the ordinary course of the business of court presided over by him;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16075719\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (vii) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid533731\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
The accused had not asked to stop bookings in general;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16075719\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (viii)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid533731\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The accused ha
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 d not asked not to book any particular person, group or class of persons.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13388653\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13922909\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 42.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid13922909\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 It was further revealed in prosecution evidence that: 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16075719\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (i) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13922909\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
In the volume of documents ma}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3555844\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 rked as }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3555844\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 P-1}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3555844\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  relating to witness- Ashika Mala}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14770622\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3555844\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  there were 36 TINs for 30.08.2007 and on\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 all offending drivers were found guilty by the accused, sentences imposed and in some cases cost awarded against the drivers; 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16075719\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (ii) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid3555844\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
In the volume of documents marked as }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3555844\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 P-2}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid3555844\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  relating to witness Ashika Mala}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14770622\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid3555844\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 there were 48 TINs for 18.09.2007 all offending drivers were found guilty by the accused, sentences imposed and cost awarded as appropriate;}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13513846\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16075719\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (iii) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14770622\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
In the volume of documents marked as }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14770622\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 P-22}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14770622\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  relating to witness- Divendra Singh, there were 31 TINs for 11.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
05.2007 and on all offending drivers, except for three where the TINs were defective, were found guilty by the accused, sentences imposed and in some cases cost awarded against the drivers; }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5458809\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 and,}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14770622\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid16075719\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (iv) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14770622\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
In the volume of documents marked as }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14770622\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 P-23}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14770622\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  relating to\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 witness- Ashika Mala there were 39 TINs for 07.06.2007 and on all offending drivers were found guilty by the accused, sentences imposed and in some cases cost awarded against the drivers}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5458809\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14770622\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid3042696\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5458809\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 43.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid5458809\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The above overall conduct of the accused, as revealed, in the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 course of the prosecution case itself}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9796321\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , should be considered even if the accused had per se uttered }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9796321\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 stop bookings of offending drivers......
}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9796321\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  as averred in the four counts. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14097142\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid9796321\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9796321\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 44.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid9796321\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 As Goundar, J. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9074498\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 observed }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9796321\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
in his ruling of 18.03.2010}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5252646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  (paragraph 20)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9796321\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
, with which I respectfully agree after carefully assessing the evidence and the applicable law, the state of mind or t}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5252646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he intention of the accused could be inferred }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9796321\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 from the entire circumstances of the case}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5252646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  but not in isolation of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14571660\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 even one of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5252646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 them.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid9074498\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9074498\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 45.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid9074498\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Wh\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 en this court considers the evidence of prosecution at its close, court finds that there is no evidence to conclude that the words }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14571660\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 were }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9074498\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 uttered}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14571660\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 with the intention of attempting to prevent the course of justice. Therefore, court holds that mere utterances }{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid14571660\charrsid12591338 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 p\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 er se }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid14571660\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 are not capable}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9074498\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{\f0\fs24\insrsid14571660\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
of either establishing the mental element or physical element to have constituted the offence of }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14571660\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
attempt to prevent the course of justice}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14571660\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  in the absence of any accompanying acts or result.}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9074498\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid5252646\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14571660\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 46.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid14571660\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Even though the result needs not alway\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s be proved or have existed in an attempted-offence, }{\f0\fs24\insrsid5252646\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the case for the prosecution was presented on the basis that there was a substantial reduction of bookings as a result of the utterances by accused}{\f0\fs24\insrsid9074498\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 as police officers including the two witnesses were}{\f0\fs24\insrsid5252646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  discouraged and traumatized }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9074498\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 by }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid5252646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid9074498\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 utterances of the accused.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid9796321\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14571660\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14571660\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 47.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid14571660\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 However, bringing into focus of an inconsistency within the prosecution case itself, the above analysis of oral and documentary evidence}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433585\charrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  clearly show that the number of bookings despite, subjective and self-interested assertions by witnesses, had remain intact. On the contrary, they had gone up in the case of witness-Ashika Mala, when she }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid10450276\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 gave evidence }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433585\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 for the }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10450276\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 third}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6433585\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  time on 18.09.2007.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10450276\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0  Doc\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 uments marked as }{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 
\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10450276\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 P-3}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10450276\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 -}{
\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10450276\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 P-21}{\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 '}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10450276\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
 were not shown to have any other impact on bookings even they were relentlessly marked by the prosecution.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid14571660\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6433585\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6433585\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 48.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid6433585\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 For these reasons I find that there is no evidence on any element of the offence }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10760402\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 against the accused, }{
\f0\fs24\insrsid6433585\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 as charged in Counts (1), (2), (4) and (5)}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10760402\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 
, to proceed further. I accordingly find the accused not guilty of Count No (1), (2), (4) and (5) of the information dated 10.06.2010.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10760402\charrsid7418646 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10760402\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 49.\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {
\f0\fs24\insrsid10760402\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The accused is accordingly acquitted.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7418646 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10760402\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10760402\charrsid15216136 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 PRIYANTHA NAWANA
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid15216136 {\f0\fs24\insrsid15216136 
\par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10760402\charrsid7418646 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Friday the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 13th August, 2010 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6433585\charrsid7418646 
\par }\pard \qj \li0\ri0\sa200\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 {\f0\fs24\insrsid7418646\charrsid7418646 
\par }}