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FIRST}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493\charrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8547203\charrsid12279493 DEFENDANT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8547203\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493\charrsid12279493 AND: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8547203\charrsid12279493 REGISTRAR OF TITLES \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8547203\charrsid12279493 SECOND DEFENDANT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8547203\charrsid12279493 \par Mr A Kohli for the Plaintiff \par Mr K Marawa}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10177877\charrsid12279493 i}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8547203\charrsid12279493 for First Defendant}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304828\charrsid12279493 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16011117\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1394137\charrsid12279493 JUDGMENT}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8547203\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8547203\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8547203\charrsid12279493 This is an action brought by the Plaintiff who}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1334755\charrsid12279493 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8547203\charrsid12279493 in the indorsement on the Writ}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1334755\charrsid12279493 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8547203\charrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1334755\charrsid12279493 claimed}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8547203\charrsid12279493 specific performance of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304828\charrsid12279493 what was described as }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8547203\charrsid12279493 an undertaking }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270254\charrsid12279493 given in writing on 12 November 2002 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8547203\charrsid12279493 to transfer Lot 21 on DP 3037 contained in Certificate of Title Number 1436}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10177877\charrsid12279493 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8547203\charrsid12279493 . \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270254\charrsid12279493 \par The Writ }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14970244\charrsid12279493 had been}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270254\charrsid12279493 filed on 26 July 2005.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270254\charrsid12279493 The Plaintiff\rquote s Statement of Claim was not filed until 2 May 2006 and his Amended Statement of Claim was filed on 15 April 2008. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8547203\charrsid12279493 \par In his Amended Statement of Claim the Plaintiff sought relief in the form of a declaration that Chandra Prabha held the land contained in CT 14368 in trust for the Plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8547203\charrsid12279493 He also sought a declaration that he has a proprietary right in the said land and an order that the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14970244\charrsid12279493 Second }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8547203\charrsid12279493 Defendant transfer the land to him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8547203\charrsid12279493 The Plaintiff also claimed special and general damages and claim (e) is expressed as }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8547203\charrsid12279493 alternatively for restitution}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8547203\charrsid12279493 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4602542\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270254\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16006540\charrsid12279493 The facts upon which the Plaintiff relied for his claims are set out in paragraphs 4 to 11 of the Amended Statement of Claim. \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16006540\charrsid12279493 4}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16006540\charrsid12279493 That prior to her death the Plaintiff and Chandra Prabha lived together in a de facto relationship since 1981. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16006540\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16006540\charrsid12279493 5}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16006540\charrsid12279493 In or about the year 1981 Chandra Prabha requested the Plaintiff to move his house to L ot 21 on DP 3037 on CT 14368 belonging to Chandra Prabha and which lot was located adjacent to her land and dwelling.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16006540\charrsid12279493 She promised to buy lot 21 on DP 3037 on CT 14368 in future for the Plaintiff. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16006540\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16006540\charrsid12279493 6}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16006540\charrsid12279493 That upon Chandra Prabha\rquote s request and with her concurre nce and knowledge the Plaintiff dismantled his 30 feet by 20 feet dwelling consisting of two bedrooms, a kitchen and a sitting room and relocated and constructed the same on Lot 21 on CT 14368.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16006540\charrsid12279493 He also constructed a flush toilet and a concrete bathroom. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16006540\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16006540\charrsid12279493 7.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16006540\charrsid12279493 The Plaintiff incurred expenses on }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3691595\charrsid12279493 labour}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579344\charrsid12279493 and material in relocation and construction of the house.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16006540\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579344\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579344\charrsid12279493 8}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579344\charrsid12279493 The Plaintiff spent approximately $15,000 from 1986 until her death on 18 December 2002 on Chandra Prabha to assist her in meeting her expenses upon he r assurance and promise that Lot 21 would be transferred to the Plaintiff. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579344\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579344\charrsid12279493 9}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579344\charrsid12279493 In 1992 Chandra Prabha bought Lot 21 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1054876\charrsid12279493 o}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579344\charrsid12279493 n CT 14368 for the Plaintiff.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579344\charrsid12279493 However she kept the land in her name as a security since they were not married.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579344\charrsid12279493 Chandra Prabha promised the Plaintiff that she would hold the land in her name for the benefit of the Plaintiff and upon her death the land would be transferred to the Plaintiff. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579344\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579344\charrsid12279493 10}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1054876\charrsid12279493 The Plaintiff with the knowledge of Chandra Prabha and with her encouragement and upon reliance of her promise moved his house to Lot 21 on CT 1436}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10177877\charrsid12279493 8}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1054876\charrsid12279493 and carried out improvements and incurred expenses.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6579344\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1054876\charrsid12279493 \par }\trowd \irow0\irowband0\ts19\trgaph108\trleft1310\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid10622640\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalc\clbrdrt \brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth9576\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid12279493\yts19 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493\charrsid12279493 Particulars\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493\charrsid12279493 \trowd \irow0\irowband0 \ts19\trgaph108\trleft1310\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid10622640\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth9576\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\trowd \irow1\irowband1 \ts19\trgaph108\trleft1310\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid10622640\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx5406\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid10963370\yts19 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 a. }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493\charrsid12279493 Grading & landscaping\cell }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid12279493\yts19 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493\charrsid12279493 $ 1,500.00\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493\charrsid12279493 \trowd \irow1\irowband1 \ts19\trgaph108\trleft1310\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid10622640\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx5406\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid12279493\yts19 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 b. }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493\charrsid12279493 Relocation of premises\cell }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid12279493\yts19 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493\charrsid12279493 $ 750.00\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493\charrsid12279493 \trowd \irow2\irowband2 \ts19\trgaph108\trleft1310\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid10622640\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx5406\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid12279493\yts19 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 c. }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493\charrsid12279493 Renovation & construction\cell }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid12279493\yts19 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493\charrsid12279493 $17,000.00\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493\charrsid12279493 \trowd \irow3\irowband3 \ts19\trgaph108\trleft1310\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid10622640\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx5406\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid10963370\yts19 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 d. }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493\charrsid12279493 Moneys spent on Chandra Prabha\cell }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid12279493\yts19 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493\charrsid12279493 $15,000.00\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493\charrsid12279493 \trowd \irow4\irowband4 \ts19\trgaph108\trleft1310\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid10622640\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx5406\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid10963370\yts19 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493\charrsid12279493 Total\cell }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\pararsid12279493\yts19 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493\charrsid12279493 $34,250.00\cell }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\intbl\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493\charrsid12279493 \trowd \irow5\irowband5\lastrow \ts19\trgaph108\trleft1310\trftsWidth1\trftsWidthB3\trftsWidthA3\trautofit1\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tblrsid10622640\tbllkhdrrows\tbllklastrow\tbllkhdrcols\tbllklastcol \clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx5406\clvertalc\clbrdrt\brdrtbl \clbrdrl\brdrtbl \clbrdrb\brdrtbl \clbrdrr\brdrtbl \cltxlrtb\clftsWidth3\clwWidth4788\clshdrawnil \cellx9468\row }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1054876\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1054876\charrsid12279493 11}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1054876\charrsid12279493 On 12 November 2002 Chandra Prabha expressed her desire to transfer Lot 21 on DP 3037 to the Plaintiff upon her death.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1054876\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16011117\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1054876\charrsid12279493 Initially paragraph 5 of the Statement of Claim referred to the year as 1986.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1054876\charrsid12279493 At the commencement of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304828\charrsid12279493 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1054876\charrsid12279493 trial Counsel for the Plaintiff sought and was granted leave to amend the year to 1981. \par \par This application was probably sought to relate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14970244\charrsid12279493 the request}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1054876\charrsid12279493 back t o the year the relationship was alleged to have started as stated in paragraph 4 of the Statement of Claim. \par \par H}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270254\charrsid12279493 owever the amendment compounded}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14970244\charrsid12279493 a problem that wa}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1054876\charrsid12279493 s}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14970244\charrsid12279493 already}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1054876\charrsid12279493 apparent on the face}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4591816\charrsid12279493 of the claim.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4591816\charrsid12279493 How could Chandra Prabha}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270254\charrsid12279493 have }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4591816\charrsid12279493 request}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270254\charrsid12279493 ed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4591816\charrsid12279493 the Plaint iff to move his house on to Lot 21 in 1981 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270254\charrsid12279493 (or 1986)?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270254\charrsid12279493 She did not purchase the land }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4591816\charrsid12279493 until 1992 as stated in paragraph 9 of the Statement of Claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1054876\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4591816\charrsid12279493 \par During the course of his evidence the Plaintiff stated that Chandra Prabha showed him a receipt in the sum of $9,500 which was dated 1986 and which, the Plaintiff claimed, Chandra Prabha told him was for the purchase of Lot 21.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4591816 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4591816\charrsid12279493 As a result Counsel for the Plaintiff made an application almost at the end of the trial to amend the year referred to in paragraph 5 of the Claim back to 1986.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4591816\charrsid12279493 The application was refused. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6361445\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270254\charrsid12279493 It should be noted that paragraphs 6 and 10 plead the same set of facts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270254\charrsid12279493 However neither paragraph states the date or the year when the Plaintiff }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304828\charrsid12279493 actually}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270254\charrsid12279493 moved his house to Lot 21.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270254\charrsid12279493 The }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304828\charrsid12279493 result}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270254\charrsid12279493 is that if reliance is placed on paragraph 6 he did so some time between 1981 and 1986 or even possibly 1992.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270254\charrsid12279493 However if reliance is placed on paragraph 10, then he did so some time after Chandra Prabha purchased Lot 21 in 1992. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4591816\charrsid12279493 \par Lot 21 was located at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12799119\charrsid12279493 Vunikoka}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4591816\charrsid12279493 in the Savusavu area.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4591816\charrsid12279493 Adjoining Lot 21 was Lot 22 which was at all material time owned by Chandra Prabha (mistakenly referred to as Prabha Wati in paragraph 3 of the Statement of Claim).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4591816\charrsid12279493 Chandra Prabha lived in a dwelling on Lot 22 with her mother and her sister who suffered from a mental illness.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4591816\charrsid12279493 If Chandra Prabha had ever married (the First Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2710077\charrsid12279493 \rquote }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4591816\charrsid12279493 s two affidavits filed in interlocutory proceedings were in conflict on this point), she was certainly no longer married in 1981.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4591816\charrsid12279493 She never had any children. \par \par The Plaintiff is a carpenter by occupation who initially stayed in Navaqiqi also located in the Savusavu area.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4591816\charrsid12279493 He }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270254\charrsid12279493 later}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4591816\charrsid12279493 moved onto Lot 21 at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12799119\charrsid12279493 Vunikoka}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4591816\charrsid12279493 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4591816\charrsid12279493 He }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270254\charrsid12279493 was at all material time}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4591816\charrsid12279493 married}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14970244\charrsid12279493 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14970244\charrsid12279493 He and his wife have}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4591816\charrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500915\charrsid12279493 five}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4591816\charrsid12279493 children two of whom are sons aged 25 and 14}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2710077\charrsid12279493 and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4591816\charrsid12279493 who still reside with the Plaintiff and his wife. \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2908770\charrsid12279493 The First Defendant is the Executrix and Trustee of the Estate of Chandra Prabha who died on 18 December 2002}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270254\charrsid12279493 (hereafter referred to as }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270254\charrsid12279493 the deceased}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270254\charrsid12279493 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2908770\charrsid12279493 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2908770\charrsid12279493 The First Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8026303\charrsid12279493 was (what is a common expression in Fiji) a cousin sister of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270254\charrsid12279493 the deceased}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8026303\charrsid12279493 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8026303\charrsid12279493 She was granted Probate of Chandra Prabha\rquote s estate on 21 February 2003.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4591816\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8026303\charrsid12279493 \par The Will of Chandra Prabha was dated 17 December 2002.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8026303\charrsid12279493 It purported to be signed by the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270254\charrsid12279493 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8026303\charrsid12279493 estatrix by a finger print or prints.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8026303\charrsid12279493 The Will is witnessed by two staff nurses.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8026303 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15870952\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8026303\charrsid12279493 Under the Will the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16270254\charrsid12279493 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8026303\charrsid12279493 estatrix devised and bequeathed: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2710077\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8026303\charrsid12279493 all my property both real and personal of whatsoever nature or kindsoever and wheresoever situate unto my cousin sister Lalita Wati Father\rquote s name Shiu Shankar of Sabeto Nadi Law Clerk for her sole use and benefit absolutely.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8026303\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8026303\charrsid12279493 \par It is perhaps convenient at this stage to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6361445\charrsid12279493 consider}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8026303\charrsid12279493 the Will.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8026303\charrsid12279493 On the face of the document it is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6361445\charrsid12279493 a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8026303\charrsid12279493 properly made will and probate in respect thereof was granted to the First Defendant. \par \par Under those circumstances the onus of proof was on the Plaintiff to establish the allegations that first appeared in an affidavit sworn by him on 10 January 2006 and filed in respect of interlocutory proceedings. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6361445\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8026303\charrsid12279493 In the last sentence of paragraph 5 of that affidavit the Plaintiff deposed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6361445\charrsid12279493 :}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8026303\charrsid12279493 \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8026303\charrsid12279493 I further say that the will was made under dubious circumstances.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8026303\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8026303\charrsid12279493 \par In paragraph 7 of the same affidavit the second sentence stated: \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8026303\charrsid12279493 It is only after the death of Chandra Prabha that Lalita had forged the Will and attempted to claim the property.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8026303\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7613242\charrsid12279493 \par These allegations of fact were made by the Plaintiff in response to statements contained in an affidavit sworn by the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14970244\charrsid12279493 F}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7613242\charrsid12279493 irst Defendant on 14 November 2005 in support of a striking out application.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6361445\charrsid12279493 In that affidavit the First Defendant states that if the deceased (Chandra Prabha) had intended to leave Lot 21 to the Plaintiff she would have mentioned this fact in her will.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7613242\charrsid12279493 \par \par However in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2710077\charrsid12279493 an earlier}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7613242\charrsid12279493 affidavit sworn by the Plaintiff on 22 July 2005 in support of his ex parte application for an interlocutory injunction, there was no reference of any description to the Will of Chandra Prabha }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6361445\charrsid12279493 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7613242\charrsid12279493 deceased}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6361445\charrsid12279493 )}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7613242\charrsid12279493 nor was there any }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6361445\charrsid12279493 re}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7613242\charrsid12279493 ference to any of the allegation s that were }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6361445\charrsid12279493 subsequently }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7613242\charrsid12279493 raised by the Plaintiff in the latter affidavit. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16011117\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7613242\charrsid12279493 In paragraph 10 of his Statement of Claim dated 8 April 2006 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6361445\charrsid12279493 (after the affidavits referred to had been filed) }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7613242\charrsid12279493 the Plaintiff took the allegation one step further when he pleaded: \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7613242\charrsid12279493 10.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7613242\charrsid12279493 That on or about the 17th December 2002 a day before the death of Chandra Prabha the Defendant caused a Will to be made and had the same executed under dubious circumstances which is under police investigation.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7613242\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7613242\charrsid12279493 \par That pleading is repeated in identical wording in paragraph 12 of the Amended Statement of Claim dated 14 April 2008.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8026303\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500915\charrsid12279493 \par The pleading is ambiguous in the sense that it is not entirely clear whether the Plaintiff is asserting that the making and the executing of the Will are referring to the same event.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500915\charrsid12279493 Nor i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304828\charrsid12279493 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500915\charrsid12279493 i}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304828\charrsid12279493 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500915\charrsid12279493 clear whether the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304828\charrsid12279493 Plaintiff is asserting}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500915\charrsid12279493 that the events occurred on the same day.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500915\charrsid12279493 No }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304828\charrsid12279493 further }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500915\charrsid12279493 particulars were provided. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7613242\charrsid12279493 \par In her Defence to the initial Statement of Claim the First Defendant pleaded \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7613242\charrsid12279493 5.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7613242\charrsid12279493 That as to paragraph 10 of the Statement of Claim the First Defendant says that she denies the same and the will was made and executed on the deceased\rquote s instructions on her own free will. \'85.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 " }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7613242\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16011117\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7613242\charrsid12279493 In her Defence to the Plaintiff\rquote s Amended Statement of Claim she pleaded to the same allegation as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7613242\charrsid12279493 10.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7613242\charrsid12279493 That the First Defendant denies the allegation contained in paragraph 12 of the Amended Statement of Claim and says that the Police investigation is complete and the report is already in the Court file.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7613242\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304828\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522670\charrsid12279493 Apart from pleading that he joins issue with the content of paragraph 10 the Plaintiff did not plead any material fact in his Reply dated 2 June 2008. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304828\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522670\charrsid12279493 The Police report referred to by the First defendant in her Defence was not produced at the trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522670\charrsid12279493 There is no copy in the court file and neither the Plaintiff nor the First Defendant were questioned on the existence or contents of the report.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7613242\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522670\charrsid12279493 \par The two named witnesses in the will were not called to give evidence and nor was any explanation offered as to why they were not called.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522670\charrsid12279493 As the onus in respect of this issue was on the Plaintiff, the Court would be entitled to draw the inference}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500915\charrsid12279493 in the absence of a reasonable explanation}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522670\charrsid12279493 that the evidence of the witnesses would not have been of any assistance to the Plaintiff. \par \par The only evidence called by the Plaintiff to support his allegations was given by Adimaitoga Kelera Matakibau.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522670\charrsid12279493 This lady and }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6361445\charrsid12279493 her }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522670\charrsid12279493 husband took up residence in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6361445\charrsid12279493 the deceased\rquote s}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522670\charrsid12279493 home on Lot 22 in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500915\charrsid12279493 about }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522670\charrsid12279493 1995.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522670\charrsid12279493 They and their four children were initially tenants paying rent at $60.00 per month.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522670\charrsid12279493 However shortly afterwards, Ms Matakibau was asked by Chandra Prabha to help with looking after }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6361445\charrsid12279493 her}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522670\charrsid12279493 mother instead of paying rent. \par \par Ms Matakibau and her family continued to reside mostly rent free at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6361445\charrsid12279493 the deceased\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522670\charrsid12279493 house from that date until the present time.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522670\charrsid12279493 In the meantime, Chandra Prabha\rquote s sister, }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6361445\charrsid12279493 her}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522670\charrsid12279493 mother and Chandra Prabha herself ha}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304828\charrsid12279493 ve}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522670\charrsid12279493 all passed away.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522670\charrsid12279493 In her evidence Ms Matakibau stated that before she died }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6361445\charrsid12279493 the deceased}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522670\charrsid12279493 had told her that she could have Lot 2 2 and the Plaintiff could have Lot 21. \par \par On the question of the will, Ms Matakibau stated that the First Defendant came to Savusavu about a week before Chandra Prabha died.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522670\charrsid12279493 She came with some papers including a document for the ailing Chandra Prabha to sign.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522670\charrsid12279493 Chandra Prabha had been admitted to Savusavu Hospital on about 26 November 2002.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522670\charrsid12279493 Ms Matakibau stated that both the First Defendant and }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13834644\charrsid12279493 she}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522670\charrsid12279493 asked Chandra Prabha}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6104390\charrsid12279493 to sign the document which was apparently the will.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6104390\charrsid12279493 Ms Matakibau stated that Chandra Prabha refused to sign and that the First Defendant took the papers away.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6104390\charrsid12279493 She also stated that Chandra Prabha usually signed documents and that she did not see Chandra Prabha put her fingerprint on the will.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12522670\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6104390\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3608576\charrsid12279493 Ms Matakibau then related a most unusual series of events that are alleged to have occurred following the death of Chandra Prabha.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3608576\charrsid12279493 She stated that when }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6361445\charrsid12279493 the deceased\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3608576\charrsid12279493 body was at the Nadi Mortuary, she observed the First Defendant produce a stamp pad out of her bag and place the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12799119\charrsid12279493 deceased}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6361445\charrsid12279493 \rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3608576\charrsid12279493 fingerprint on the will.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3608576\charrsid12279493 She said that although she was seated against the wall she was close enough to see that the will had the signatures and the signature blocks of the two witnesses already on the document but that it was undated.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3608576\charrsid12279493 She said she recognised the names of the witnesses and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10177877\charrsid12279493 knew}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3608576\charrsid12279493 them.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6104390\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3608576\charrsid12279493 \par In her evidence the first Defendant stated that she had arranged for the will to be prepared at the law firm at which she was then employed in Nadi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6361445\charrsid12279493 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6361445\charrsid12279493 This was done upon }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3608576\charrsid12279493 return ing from discussions with Chandra Prabha following the mother\rquote s funeral, in early November 2002 at Savusavu.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3608576\charrsid12279493 She then }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12799119\charrsid12279493 arranged}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3608576\charrsid12279493 for the will to be sent to Savusavu for Chandra Prabha to sign.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 } {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6361445\charrsid12279493 She claimed that the Plaintiff had }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13834644\charrsid12279493 intercepted}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6361445\charrsid12279493 the will before the deceased had signed it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3608576\charrsid12279493 \par \par Shortly afterwards she received a call from the Plaintiff that Chandra Prabha was ill and had been admitted to hospital.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3608576\charrsid12279493 Upon arrival at Savusavu she obtained the unsigned will from the Plaintiff and handed it to Ms Matakibau.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3608576\charrsid12279493 Sh e left the will with Ms Matakibau who said that she would have it signed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3608576\charrsid12279493 The First Defendant then returned to Nadi.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3608576\charrsid12279493 She said that she was handed the duly executed will by Ms Matakibau when she returned to Savusavu shortly after Chandra Prabha\rquote s death on 18 December 2002. \par \par The First Defendant denied taking the will to the Nadi Mortuary.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3608576\charrsid12279493 She also denied that Ms Matakibau was present with her at the Nadi Mortuary since on such occasions only close relatives attend and only Indo Fijians attend such occasions. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304828\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3608576\charrsid12279493 On the balance of probabilities I accept the evidence of the First Defendant on this matter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3608576\charrsid12279493 The only evidence questioning the propriety of the will was given by a person who had as much to gain from the outcome of this action as did the Plaintiff.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3608576\charrsid12279493 In the event that the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5319407\charrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3608576\charrsid12279493 First Defendant was successfully di}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4732694\charrsid12279493 vested of Lot 21 then for similar reasons she }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304828\charrsid12279493 might}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4732694\charrsid12279493 also be divested of Lot 22 in separate proceedings already commenced by Ms Matakibau.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3608576\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4732694\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500915\charrsid12279493 In addition, none of the allegations were pleaded as particulars to paragraph 12 of the Amended Statement of Claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid424885\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500915\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4732694\charrsid12279493 The First Defendant\rquote s evidence was more consistent }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2710077\charrsid12279493 and described a more probable chain of events}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4732694\charrsid12279493 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5319407\charrsid12279493 Her}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4732694\charrsid12279493 recollection of events was logical and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5319407\charrsid12279493 appeared to be }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4732694\charrsid12279493 more }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5319407\charrsid12279493 reliable as she described the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4732694\charrsid12279493 events}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5319407\charrsid12279493 as they}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4732694\charrsid12279493 unfolded.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4732694\charrsid12279493 The evidence given by Ms Matakibau was }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5319407\charrsid12279493 in part }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4732694\charrsid12279493 sensational and there was no material to corroborate her claims. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5319407\charrsid12279493 \par There was no material before the Court to indicate that any person had commenced proceedings for a decree pronouncing against the validity of the Will. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9244215\charrsid12279493 \par It is appropriate now to refer to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5319407\charrsid12279493 the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9244215\charrsid12279493 document }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5319407\charrsid12279493 upon which the Plaintiff relies for the claim}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9244215\charrsid12279493 in paragraph 11 of the Amended Statement of Claim that on 12 November 2002 Chandra Prabha expressed her desire to transfer the l and to the Plaintiff upon her death. \par \par During the course of the Plaintiff\rquote s evidence Counsel for the Plaintiff produced a copy document dated 12 November 2002 that purported to be signed by both the Plaintiff and the First Defendant and witnessed by P}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5319407\charrsid12279493 u}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9244215\charrsid12279493 ndit Ravi Chand Maharaj.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9244215\charrsid12279493 As the document produced by Counsel was only a copy and as the First Defendant had deposed in an earlier affidavit filed in interlocutory proceedings that what purported to be Chandra Prabha \rquote s signature was not her signature, the document was not admitted into evidence at the trial. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304828\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9244215\charrsid12279493 However the same document was referred to in paragraph 13 of an affidavit sworn by the Plaintiff on 22 July 2005 and filed in support of his application for an interlocutory injunction.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9244215\charrsid12279493 The document}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16740537\charrsid12279493 that is annexed to the affidavit was also described as being }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16740537\charrsid12279493 a copy of that writing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 " }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16740537\charrsid12279493 The document stated:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9244215\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16740537\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16740537\charrsid12279493 I Chandra Prabha \'85 declare that I have a de-facto relationship with Mr Muttu Sami \'85 of }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12799119\charrsid12279493 Vunikoka}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16740537\charrsid12279493 Savusavu for the last sixteen years. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16740537\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16740537\charrsid12279493 In event of my death I would like to transfer Lot 21 on DP 3037 to Muttu Sami on which he is currently residing. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid424885\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16740537\charrsid12279493 This declaration is irrevocable and shall only apply upon my death.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16740537\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16011117\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16740537\charrsid12279493 This is presumably the document upon which the initial claim for specific performance was based in the indorsement of claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12799119\charrsid12279493 Incidentally}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16740537\charrsid12279493 , for reasons best known to themselves the Legal Practitioners acting for the First Defendant at that time filed a Defence to that indorsement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5319407\charrsid12279493 Furthermore, the claim for specific performance was not included as relief sought in the Amended Statement of Claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16740537\charrsid12279493 \par \par Presumably it was the desire expressed therein that now forms in part the basis of the Plaintiff\rquote s claim that Lot 21 was being held on trust for him by }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5319407\charrsid12279493 the deceased}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16740537\charrsid12279493 . \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5319407\charrsid12279493 \par There are two comments about the contents of the documents that should be made. \par \par First, these proceedings were not commenced until July 2005 and it is of some concern to the Court that this document whi ch is dated 12 November 2002 did not form part of an earlier challenge either to the validity of the will or to the subsequent registration of the First Defendant as registered prop}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12079212\charrsid12279493 rietor of Lot 21.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2710077\charrsid12279493 There was also a delay of some two and half years before proceedings were commenced.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5319407\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538239\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12079212\charrsid12279493 Secondly, t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538239\charrsid12279493 he document states that the de factor relationship had been in existence for 16 years which would indicate that it started in 1986.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538239\charrsid12279493 However in the Amended Statement of Claim filed by the Plaintiff and in his evidence he asserted that the relationship had commenced in 1981. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2710077\charrsid12279493 \par I have concluded that it would be unsafe to attach any weight to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304828\charrsid12279493 the contents of a copy when there was no reasonable explanation as to the whereabouts of the original document.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2710077\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500915\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12079212\charrsid12279493 H}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538239\charrsid12279493 aving heard the evidence given by the Plaintiff, the Plaintiff\rquote s wife and Ms Matakibau I am satisfied on the balance of probabilities that the Plaintiff and Ch}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12079212\charrsid12279493 andra Prabha were involved in }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696239\charrsid12279493 a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538239\charrsid12279493 relationship.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12079212\charrsid12279493 In 1981 they}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538239\charrsid12279493 were both in their late twenties.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538239\charrsid12279493 The fact that the First Defendant was not aware of it and denied its existence is not surprising.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538239\charrsid12279493 She admitted that she only came from Nadi to visit her cousin sister in Savusavu from time to time. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12079212\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538239\charrsid12279493 I am also satisfied that this relationship commenced in about 1981.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12079212\charrsid12279493 In his affidavit sworn on 22 July 2005 the Plaintiff deposed that he and the deceased }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12079212\charrsid12279493 had been living in a de factor relationship since 1981}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12079212\charrsid12279493 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538239\charrsid12279493 In his evidence the Plaintiff explained how the relationship had started.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500915\charrsid12279493 \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7538239\charrsid12279493 It would appear that in late 1980 the Plaintiff carried out some renovation work on Chandra Prabha\rquote s home on Lot 22 at her request for the sum of $3,500.00}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13638452\charrsid12279493 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13638452\charrsid12279493 This amount was paid off by Chandra Prabha at the rate of $300.00 per week each Friday in cash.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13638452\charrsid12279493 Then in 1981 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12079212\charrsid12279493 the deceased had}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13638452\charrsid12279493 requested the Plaintiff to do some extensions to her home in the form of an additional bedroom, sitting room, toilet and bathroom.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13638452\charrsid12279493 The Plaintiff said in his evidence that there was no agreement as to price.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13638452\charrsid12279493 He stated that shortly after he started the work, they began their relationship.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13638452\charrsid12279493 He said that when he stayed at Chandra Prabha\rquote s house it was as husband and wife and that he usually spent two or three nights each week at Chandra Prabha\rquote s house.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13638452\charrsid12279493 She apparently cooked meals for him when ever he visited.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13638452\charrsid12279493 I accept that th e relationship continued in a physical sense for some considerable period of time after the Plaintiff had completed the extensions to Chandra Prabha\rquote s house. \par \par In his evidence the Plaintiff told the Court that the extensions to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12079212\charrsid12279493 the deceased\rquote s house}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13638452\charrsid12279493 were val ued at about $15,000.00 being for both labour and materials.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13638452\charrsid12279493 He stated that two labourers}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12079212\charrsid12279493 were paid}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13638452\charrsid12279493 $200.00 per week for up to three to four months. \par \par One aspect of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12079212\charrsid12279493 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13638452\charrsid12279493 his arrangement that has caused the Court some concern is }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12079212\charrsid12279493 that o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13638452\charrsid12279493 n the evidence before me I cannot avoid the conclusion that the Plaintiff\rquote s wife became aware of the relationship }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696239\charrsid12279493 at some point in time}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13638452\charrsid12279493 and once aware of it condoned it to the extent that she and the Plaintiff also continued to live as husband and wife.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13638452\charrsid12279493 As the First Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696239\charrsid12279493 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2454591\charrsid12279493 not without some considerable merit}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696239\charrsid12279493 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2454591\charrsid12279493 pleaded in paragraph 2 of her Defence that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2454591\charrsid12279493 \'85 as the Plaintiff was married and no wife will join her husband to stay in de facto relationship with another woman.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 " }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2454591\charrsid12279493 The fact that the relationship continued for many years with the knowledge of the Plaintiff\rquote s wife who in turn at the same time continued to live as husband and wife with the Plaintiff }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12079212\charrsid12279493 raises a question concerning}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2454591\charrsid12279493 the true intentions of the Plaintiff and his wife.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13638452\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12079212\charrsid12279493 \par Although the Plaintiff both in his amended Statement of Claim and in his evidence described the relationship as a de facto relationship, that description is not entirely accurate. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8417997\charrsid12279493 \par For the duration of the relationship, the Plaintiff was married with children.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8417997\charrsid12279493 Therefore his relationship with the deceased was extra marital and on the basis of his evidence was an adulterous relationship and not }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2710077\charrsid12279493 a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8417997\charrsid12279493 de facto}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2710077\charrsid12279493 relationship which }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696239\charrsid12279493 suggests}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2710077\charrsid12279493 that the couple live}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696239\charrsid12279493 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2710077\charrsid12279493 together as husband and wife}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8417997\charrsid12279493 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8417997\charrsid12279493 Adultery is defined in the Oxford Dictionary of Law (Fifth Edition) as: \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8417997\charrsid12279493 An act of sexual intercourse between a male and female not married to each other, when at least one of them is married to someone else.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8417997\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8417997\charrsid12279493 \par Furthermore between 1981 and 2002 the law regulating marriage in Fiji was the Matrimonial Causes Act Cap 51.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8417997\charrsid12279493 Under section 14 of that Act, one of the grounds for a petition of dissolution (divorce) was that, since the marriage, a party to the marriage has committed adultery.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2454591\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8417997\charrsid12279493 \par It was conceded by both the Plaintiff and his wife that the Plaintiff\rquote s wife was aware of the relationship and presumably the adulterous nature of the relationship}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696239\charrsid12279493 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8417997\charrsid12279493 In their evidence both the Plaintiff and his wife acknowledged that this arrangement had as its }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696239\charrsid12279493 ultimate }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8417997\charrsid12279493 purpose the aim of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696239\charrsid12279493 eventually }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8417997\charrsid12279493 securing an interest in Lot 21. \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696239\charrsid12279493 Certainly,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2454591\charrsid12279493 the Plaintiff does currently reside on Lot 21 with his wife and children.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2454591\charrsid12279493 What is not clear is when the Plaintiff moved to Lot 21 at Vunikoka from Navaqiqi, under what circumstances and the circumstances under which the house on Lot 21 was erected. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500915\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2454591\charrsid12279493 It is not disputed that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8417997\charrsid12279493 the deceased}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2454591\charrsid12279493 became registered proprietor of Lot 21 on 3 February 1992.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2454591\charrsid12279493 The previous registered proprietor was Narain Construction Company Limited having been registered as such on 7 February 1986.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2454591\charrsid12279493 There is an entry on the title to indicate that Receivers were appointed in June 1987. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2710077\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2454591\charrsid12279493 There is no material on the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12799119\charrsid12279493 Certificate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2454591\charrsid12279493 of Title nor is there any material before the Court to indicate that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8417997\charrsid12279493 the deceased}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2454591\charrsid12279493 had any legal interest in Lot 21 prior to February 1992.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2454591\charrsid12279493 I must therefore con clude that Chandra Prabha was not in a position to give permission for or to request that the Plaintiff move onto or relocate to Lot 21 prior to that date.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2454591\charrsid12279493 The expression }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2454591\charrsid12279493 nemo dat qui non habet}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2454591\charrsid12279493 (no one gives who possesses not) is therefore applicable in this case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2454591\charrsid12279493 There was no material before the Court to indicate }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8417997\charrsid12279493 when the deceased acquired an}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2454591\charrsid12279493 equitable interest in Lot 21 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8417997\charrsid12279493 pursuant to any contract of sale}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2454591\charrsid12279493 . \par \par Furthermore, even if there was in existence a receipt dated some time in 1986 in the sum of $9,500.00 being in respect of the purchase price, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820083\charrsid12279493 and a contract in writing in respect of the same, thereby creating an equitable interest in Lot 21, there was no material before the Court that indicated that it was a term of that agreement that }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8417997\charrsid12279493 the deceased}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820083\charrsid12279493 was entitled to possession and/or occupation pending transfer and registration.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8417997\charrsid12279493 In any event there was no receipt or contract document in evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2454591\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820083\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid542834\charrsid12279493 Certainly, the witness Ms Matakibau did give evidence supporting the Plaintiff in the sense that she stated that when she and her family moved into }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10252337\charrsid12279493 the deceased\rquote s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid542834\charrsid12279493 residence the Plaintiff and his family were staying in a house on Lot 21.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid542834\charrsid12279493 However her evidence was that she did not move into Chandra Prabha\rquote s house until }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500915\charrsid12279493 about }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid542834\charrsid12279493 1995 which was some three years after Chandra Prabha became }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3411664\charrsid12279493 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid542834\charrsid12279493 registered proprietor of Lot 21.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820083\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696239\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid542834\charrsid12279493 I find that the Plaintiff and his family did not move to Lot 21 until some time after 3 February 1992.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid542834\charrsid12279493 It follows that I accept the evidence of the First Defendant that Lot 21 was vacant land prior to February 1992. \par \par This conclusion is not inconsistent with the finding concerning the relationship between Chandra Prabha and the Plaintiff having commenced in 1981.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid542834\charrsid12279493 There was evidence before the Court that the distance between Navaqiqi and Vunikoka was only about half a kilometer.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid542834\charrsid12279493 The Plaintiff admitted in evidence that before he and his family moved onto Lot 21 (whenever that was) he used to travel to and from his home to Chandra Prabha\rquote s house using his van. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7488083\charrsid12279493 \par In his evidence the Plaintiff stated that it was the suggestion of Chandra Prabha that he should pull down his house at Navaqiqi and bring it to Lot 21.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4670547\charrsid12279493 He said that he then hired a dozer from Roop Singh at a cost of $1500 to clea}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3411664\charrsid12279493 r}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4670547\charrsid12279493 Lot 21.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4670547\charrsid12279493 He then dismantled his home and paid a Jag Deo to move the material at a cost of $150 for}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3411664\charrsid12279493 each of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4670547\charrsid12279493 five trips being a total of $750.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4670547\charrsid12279493 The Plaintiff described his house at Navaqiqi as being a wooden house with bamboo outside consisting of four bedrooms.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4670547\charrsid12279493 When it was re-assembled on Lot 21 it was modified to consist of three bedrooms and a kitchen.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4670547\charrsid12279493 At that time all his children were living at home.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4670547\charrsid12279493 The Plaintiff did not produce any receipts to establish these amounts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4670547\charrsid12279493 He also stated in his evidence that he did not pay any rent to Chandra Prabha once he moved into his re-assembled house on Lot 21.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7488083\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3411664\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9572012\charrsid12279493 This evidence was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3411664\charrsid12279493 in general terms }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9572012\charrsid12279493 consistent with the facts that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10177877\charrsid12279493 w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9572012\charrsid12279493 ere pleaded in his Amended Statement of Claim. \par \par However, in his affidavit sworn on 22 July 2005}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10252337\charrsid12279493 (some nine months before the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817430\charrsid12279493 Statement}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10252337\charrsid12279493 of Claim was filed)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9572012\charrsid12279493 in support of his application for an interlocutory injunction the Plaintiff explained the circumstances of his moving to Lot 21 as follows: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3876307\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9572012\charrsid12279493 10.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9572012\charrsid12279493 That }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10177877\charrsid12279493 i}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9572012\charrsid12279493 n or about the year 1986}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid987655\charrsid12279493 Chandra Prabha requested me to build a house on the piece of land contained in Lot 21 on Certificate of Title 14368 which was located adjacent to where she lived.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9572012\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696239\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid987655\charrsid12279493 11.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid987655\charrsid12279493 That upon her request in 1986 I constructed a two bedroom house consisting of wood and iron, a pit toilet and a lean-to bathroom.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid987655\charrsid12279493 In or about 1991 I added an extra bedroom and constructed a flush toilet and a concrete bathroom.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid987655\charrsid12279493 That one of the two bedrooms was rented out and the proceeds of the rent I collected and gave to Chandra Prabha. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid987655\charrsid12279493 \par There is no reference in the affidavit to the house that he built on Lot 21 being his dismantled home from Navaqiqi.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10252337\charrsid12279493 T}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid987655\charrsid12279493 here }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10252337\charrsid12279493 is no}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid987655\charrsid12279493 reference to }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696239\charrsid12279493 preparing or clearing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid987655\charrsid12279493 the land on Lot 21.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10252337\charrsid12279493 Nor is there any reference that he had dismantled his residence at Navaqiqi at the request of the deceased}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid987655\charrsid12279493 . \par \par There is also an admission that rent was being paid to Chandra Prabha. \par \par In support of her striking out application the First Defendant stated in her affidavit sworn on 14 November 2005 in paragraph}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696239\charrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid987655\charrsid12279493 3 that Chandra Prabha gave a contract to the Plaintiff to build a residential house on Lot 21 and that the cost of construction was paid by Chandra Prabha. \par \par In his answering affidavit sworn on 10 January 2006 the Plaintiff has changed his position and in answer to the First Defendant\rquote s claim stated:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3411664\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid987655\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid987655\charrsid12279493 3.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid987655\charrsid12279493 As to paragraph 3 of Lalita\rquote s affidavit I say that upon request of Chandra Prabha I dismantled my 30 feet b y 20 feet dwelling consisting of two bedrooms, a kitchen and a sitting room and relocated}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3682610\charrsid12279493 and constructed the same on Lot 21 on CT. 13368.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3682610\charrsid12279493 I also constructed a pit toilet and a lean-to bathroom.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3682610\charrsid12279493 Later I added an extra bedroom and constructed a flush toilet and a concrete bathroom.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3682610\charrsid12279493 All this was done at the request of Chandra Prabha and with her full knowledge.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3682610\charrsid12279493 The cost of relocation and the construction of the dwelling were borne by me.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3682610\charrsid12279493 I am still paying for the cost of the materials that I purchased.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid987655\charrsid12279493 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3682610\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10252337\charrsid12279493 There are}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3682610\charrsid12279493 obvious inconsistencies between this paragraph and the paragraph in his earlier affidavit and inconsistencies between the affidavit material and the Plaintiff\rquote s oral evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3411664\charrsid12279493 The particulars in the Plaintiff\rquote s Statements of Claim reflect the substance of the details in the second affidavit.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3682610\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3876307\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10252337\charrsid12279493 The nature of the Plaintiff\rquote s tenure of the land upon which his house was erected at Navaqiqi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696239\charrsid12279493 was not raised in the evidence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10252337\charrsid12279493 . \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3682610\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7033954\charrsid12279493 In her Defence and in her evidence the First Defendant claimed that the house on Lot 21 was constructed by the Plaintiff at the request of Chandra Prabha and was paid for by Chandra Prabha as }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10252337\charrsid12279493 also were}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7033954\charrsid12279493 the subsequent renovations and extensions. \par \par The F}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2163979\charrsid12279493 irst Defendant stated that the Plaintiff was renting the house from Chandra Prabha.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2163979\charrsid12279493 In cross-examination she stated that the Plaintiff was paying rent of $200 per month.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2163979\charrsid12279493 She denied that he had }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696239\charrsid12279493 moved}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2163979\charrsid12279493 his house from Navaqiqi.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2163979\charrsid12279493 She stated that the house on Lot 21 was built }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696239\charrsid12279493 i}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10252337\charrsid12279493 n }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2163979\charrsid12279493 about 1996 or 1997.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2163979\charrsid12279493 She could not recall what year it was that he subsequently moved into the house.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2163979\charrsid12279493 She stated that although she had given her bank account details to the Plaintiff, she had not received any rent since the death of Chandra Prabha.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7033954 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2163979\charrsid12279493 On the balance of probabilities I find it to be more likely that the house on Lot 21 was constructed }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696239\charrsid12279493 some time after 1992 } {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2163979\charrsid12279493 by the Plaintiff at the request of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10252337\charrsid12279493 the deceased}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2163979\charrsid12279493 and paid for by her.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2163979\charrsid12279493 I also find that the subsequent extensions were also paid for by Chandra Prabha.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2163979\charrsid12279493 I find that the Pla intiff and his family subsequently moved into the house under an informal tenancy arrangement whereby the Plaintiff paid rent of $200 per month to Chandra Prabha.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2163979\charrsid12279493 I find that this was the arrangement that existed from some t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9398283\charrsid12279493 ime after 1992 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10252337\charrsid12279493 upon the completion of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9398283\charrsid12279493 the house on Lot 21 up until the time of the death of Chandra Prabha in December 2002.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2163979\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9398283\charrsid12279493 \par The Plaintiff called his wife and his brother-in-law to give evidence in support of his many claims concerning these issues.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9398283\charrsid12279493 However the Court has concluded that the weight to be attached to their evidence was limited due to their proximate relationship to the Plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9398283\charrsid12279493 Furthermore, the fact that the First Defendant, by letter dated 12 August 2003 from Patel and Sharma (her then employer) offered to sell Lot 21 to the Plaintiff for $30,000 does not affect any of the above findings of fact.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9398283\charrsid12279493 The Plaintiff did not respond to the offer. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3876307\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9398283\charrsid12279493 I also accept the evidence given by the First Defendant that at the time of her death Chandra Prabha left an estate valued conservatively at $115,000.00.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9398283\charrsid12279493 This consisted of Lot 21 and Lot 22 valued at about $50,000 each together with $9000 in a fixed deposit account and between $7000 and $8000 in a savings account.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9398283\charrsid12279493 There was also a third block of land at Daku that had been registered in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10252337\charrsid12279493 the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817430\charrsid12279493 deceased\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10252337\charrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9398283\charrsid12279493 mother\rquote s name and which }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10252337\charrsid12279493 her}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9398283\charrsid12279493 mother had left to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10252337\charrsid12279493 the deceased}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9398283\charrsid12279493 . \par \par Under these circumstances and in the absence of any documentary material to support his claim, I reject the claim by the Plaintiff that he spent $15,000 on Chandra Prabha for her expenses. \par \par The question now for the Court is to determine whether }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696239\charrsid12279493 on the above}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9398283\charrsid12279493 findings of fact a declaration }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3876307\charrsid12279493 should be made }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9398283\charrsid12279493 that Chandra Prabha held Lot 21 on trust for the Plaintiff or that the Plaintiff has a proprietary right in t he said land. \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696239\charrsid12279493 In}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9398283\charrsid12279493 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696239\charrsid12279493 period}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9398283\charrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696239\charrsid12279493 after}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9398283\charrsid12279493 she had become registered proprietor of Lot 21 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817430\charrsid12279493 in 1992 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9398283\charrsid12279493 until her death in December 2002, Chandra Prabha had not transferred the land to the Plaintiff and nor had she executed any trust deed in his favour.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817430\charrsid12279493 There was no reference in her Will to any devise of Lot 21 to the Plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817430\charrsid12279493 The document dated 12 November 2002 was not in evidence at the trial and to the extent that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3411664\charrsid12279493 a copy}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817430\charrsid12279493 was exhibited to an affidavit, does not }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696239\charrsid12279493 add a great deal of weight to}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817430\charrsid12279493 the Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6696239\charrsid12279493 \rquote s case}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817430\charrsid12279493 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9398283\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid424885\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9398283\charrsid12279493 The question then becomes whether the relationship that existed from 1981 up to the death of Chandra Prabha in December 2002 established a constructive trust }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817430\charrsid12279493 or proprietory estoppel (if the Plaintiff can demonstrate that he has suffered detriment)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9398283\charrsid12279493 . \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817430\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1735282\charrsid12279493 Perhaps not}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817430\charrsid12279493 surprisingly}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1735282\charrsid12279493 ,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817430\charrsid12279493 Counsel for the Plaintiff in his written closing submissions makes no reference to these claims.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817430\charrsid12279493 Instead the submission addresses only the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817430\charrsid12279493 alternative}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817430\charrsid12279493 claim for restitution for unjust }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15888193\charrsid12279493 enrichment}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817430\charrsid12279493 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817430\charrsid12279493 As this is the only aspect of the Plaintiff\rquote s claims that has been addressed substantively the Court proposes to consider that claim first. \par \par There is a difference between a claim for restitution on the basis of unjust }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15888193\charrsid12279493 enrichment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817430\charrsid12279493 and a claim based on principles founded on equity.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817430\charrsid12279493 In determining the Plaintiff\rquote s claim for restitution the question is whether the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15888193\charrsid12279493 First }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817430\charrsid12279493 Defendant has acquired possession}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 of a benefit which, in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15888193\charrsid12279493 fairness}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 , she should }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003136\charrsid12279493 give back}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 to the Plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 If the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15888193\charrsid12279493 First }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 Defendant is allowed to }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003136\charrsid12279493 keep}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 that benefit can she be said to be unjustly enriched at the Plaintiff\rquote s expense.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 The issue is not so much a question of compensating the Plaintiff for whatever loss he has suffered, but rather it is a question of taking from the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15888193\charrsid12279493 First}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 Defendant whatever enrichment she has }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003136\charrsid12279493 received}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 Equitable compensation by contrast measures the loss suffered by a plaintiff and requires a Defendant to make good that amount (See }{ \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 Equity and Trusts}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15888193\charrsid12279493 (}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 Sixth Edition}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15888193\charrsid12279493 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 Alastair Hudson at page 1169).}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6817430\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 \par The principle of unjust enrichment presupposes three }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15888193\charrsid12279493 components}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 First, the defendant must have been enriched by the receipt of a benefit.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 Secondly, that benefit must have been gained at the Plaintiff\rquote s expense.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 Thirdly, it would be unjust to allow the defendant to retain that benefit.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 (See }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 The Law of Restitution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 Goff and Jones }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15888193\charrsid12279493 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 Fifth Edition}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15888193\charrsid12279493 )}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 at page 15). \par \par The Plaintiff submits that the Defendant has been enriched by the receipt of two specific benefits.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 The first benefit is said to be the work undertaken }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003136\charrsid12279493 in 1981 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 by the Plaintiff on the deceased\rquote s house.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 This was work d one by the Plaintiff at the request of the deceased on the house situated on Lot 22 which was owned and occupied by the deceased and her sister and mother at the time.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 It was whilst the Plaintiff was undertaking this work that he claimed }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11492684\charrsid12279493 that}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003136\charrsid12279493 his}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 relationship with the deceased}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3411664\charrsid12279493 started}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 . \par \par However these facts were not pleaded in the Amended Statement of Claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 The only relevant fact that was pleaded was that the Plaintiff and the deceased }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 lived together in a de facto relationship since 1981}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 (see paragraph 4).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 There were no facts pleaded to the effect that the Plaintiff performed work on the deceased\rquote s home in 1981 at the request of the deceased.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16326766\charrsid12279493 The evidence given at the hearing about this work was admitted on the basis that it was relevant to the circumstances under which the relationship had commenced.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003136\charrsid12279493 As it had not been pleaded as part of the Plaintiff\rquote s claim, none of the witnesses were cross-examined on}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9469774\charrsid12279493 this aspect of the evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9469774\charrsid12279493 There was no reference to any of these matters in the agreed facts in the Pre-Trial Conference Minutes. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15888193\charrsid12279493 \par Furthermore, it was a benefit initially received by the deceased some 24 years before the proceedings were commenced against the First Defendant. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9469774\charrsid12279493 \par T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003136\charrsid12279493 his part}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885823\charrsid12279493 of the Plaintiff\rquote s submission can only be regarded as an afterthought and is rejected. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13003136\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885823\charrsid12279493 The second benefit it is submitted }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9469774\charrsid12279493 by the Plaintiff }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885823\charrsid12279493 arises as a result of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9469774\charrsid12279493 alleged }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885823\charrsid12279493 relocation by the Plaintiff of his house onto Lot 21 and }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885823\charrsid12279493 the renovation and construction of the house and the alterations done to it}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885823\charrsid12279493 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885823\charrsid12279493 There appears also to be }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9469774\charrsid12279493 an inference }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885823\charrsid12279493 in the submission that the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3411664\charrsid12279493 First }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885823\charrsid12279493 Def}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15888193\charrsid12279493 endant\rquote s benefit included the land itself}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15821558\charrsid12279493 as a result of the devise of Lot 21 to her under the deceased\rquote s Will.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885823\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16011117\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15821558\charrsid12279493 In so far as the land is concerned, the requisite formalities appear to have been observed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15888193\charrsid12279493 The deceased purchased Lot 21 and became registered proprietor in 1992.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10713710\charrsid12279493 T }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15821558\charrsid12279493 here was a Will, the validity of which was not challenged.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15821558\charrsid12279493 Probate has been granted to the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7482853\charrsid12279493 First }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15821558\charrsid12279493 Defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15821558\charrsid12279493 There was no challenge to the grant of probate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15821558\charrsid12279493 Titl e to Lot 21 has been transferred to the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7482853\charrsid12279493 First }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15821558\charrsid12279493 Defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15821558\charrsid12279493 Whatever may be the basis of the Plaintiff\rquote s claim to the land, it clearly is not by way of unjust enrichment. \par \par The Plaintiff\rquote s further claim is that he has improved Lot 21 and that those improvements were requested by, or freely accepted by the deceased or that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517939\charrsid12279493 she acquiesced in what he did.} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517939\charrsid12279493 However the earlier findings of the Court are to the effect that the deceased (and through her, the Defendant) did not receive a}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid424885\charrsid12279493 ny gratuitous }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517939\charrsid12279493 benefit in the form of improvements}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid424885\charrsid12279493 from the Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517939\charrsid12279493 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517939\charrsid12279493 The Court\rquote s findings are to the effect that the deceased requested the Plaintiff to build a house on }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid424885\charrsid12279493 the land}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517939\charrsid12279493 some time after she purchased Lot 21 in 1992.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517939\charrsid12279493 The Court has accepted the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3411664\charrsid12279493 First }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517939\charrsid12279493 Defendant\rquote s evidence that the deceased paid the Plaintiff to build }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid424885\charrsid12279493 the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517939\charrsid12279493 house and that he and his family subsequently occupied the house as rent paying tenants.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15821558\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3876307\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517939\charrsid12279493 Whilst it is clear that the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3411664\charrsid12279493 First }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517939\charrsid12279493 Defendant has received the benefit of all the improvements to the land, that benefit was received as a result of the devise of Lot 21 to the Defendant under the deceased\rquote s Will.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10713710\charrsid12279493 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517939\charrsid12279493 he }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7482853\charrsid12279493 house and the improvements were p}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517939\charrsid12279493 urchased and paid for by the deceased and were not gratuitously received from the Plaintiff. \par \par Although not addressed in the closing written submissions, the Plaintiff claimed equitable relief in the form of a constructive trust and a declaration that the Plaintiff has a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11492684\charrsid12279493 proprietary }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517939\charrsid12279493 right in the said land. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3411664\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517939\charrsid12279493 Where there is no express declaration of a trust, it is necessary to determine whether there existed a common intention of the parties }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid424885\charrsid12279493 concerning}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517939\charrsid12279493 the equitable ownership of the land.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517939\charrsid12279493 In a case such as the present where the legal title was held in the deceased\rquote s name alone, the presumption is that the deceased was the sole owner of the equitable interest. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16011117\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517939\charrsid12279493 However that presumption may be rebutted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517939\charrsid12279493 For instance, if the evidence established that there was an agreement, arrangement or understanding between the Plaintiff and the deceased as to the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11492684\charrsid12279493 beneficial}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517939\charrsid12279493 ownership of the land, then the Court would give effect to that common intention by}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid740508\charrsid12279493 means of a constructive trust or by means of a proprietary estoppel if the Plaintiff had suffered detriment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517939\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid740508\charrsid12279493 \par Furthermore in the event that the Plaintiff had contributed to the purchase price of the land and/or to the improvements or }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3876307\charrsid12279493 any other financial contribution}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid740508\charrsid12279493 , effect }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid424885\charrsid12279493 would}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid740508\charrsid12279493 be given to the common intention of the parties by way of a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11492684\charrsid12279493 constructive}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid740508\charrsid12279493 trust or }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11492684\charrsid12279493 proprietary}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid424885\charrsid12279493 estoppel}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid740508\charrsid12279493 . \par \par Proprietary estoppel enables an equitable interest to be granted to a person who has been induced to suffer detriment }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3411664\charrsid12279493 upon}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid740508\charrsid12279493 reliance on a representation that the Plaintiff would acquire ownership of the land as a result.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid740508\charrsid12279493 Under }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid424885\charrsid12279493 the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid740508\charrsid12279493 remedy }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid424885\charrsid12279493 the}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid740508\charrsid12279493 court may award one of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid424885\charrsid12279493 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid740508\charrsid12279493 number of rights ranging f rom freehold title through to merely equitable compensation in money. \par \par A recent development in the law that applies to cases such as the present is an approach based on avoiding unconscionability if the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3876307\charrsid12279493 First}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid740508\charrsid12279493 Defendant were permitted to deny the Plaintiff an equitable interest in the land.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid740508\charrsid12279493 This approach looks for an agreement between the parties and then examines the entire course of dealings between the parties.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid424885\charrsid12279493 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid740508\charrsid12279493 he aim is to reach a fair result and to supply the parties with a common intention if that is necessary.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7482853\charrsid12279493 (See }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7482853\charrsid12279493 Equity and Trusts}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7482853\charrsid12279493 supra at pages 631 \endash 632).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid740508\charrsid12279493 \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12398821\charrsid12279493 I am not satisfied that there was a common intention }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7482853\charrsid12279493 on the part of the}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12398821\charrsid12279493 parties that the Plaintiff would acquire an interest in Lot 21 once it had been purchased by the deceased.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12398821\charrsid12279493 I am satisfied on the balance of probabilities that the deceased purchased Lot 21 from her own resources without any financial assistance from the Plaintiff.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12398821\charrsid12279493 I am satisfied that some time after 1992 the Plaintiff built a house on Lot 21 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11492684\charrsid12279493 at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12398821\charrsid12279493 the request of and paid for by the deceased.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12398821\charrsid12279493 I am satisfied that some time after the house was completed the Plaintiff and his family moved into the house on Lot 21 and did so as tenants paying rent to the deceased.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12398821\charrsid12279493 The relationship that had commenced some time in 1981 was adulterous in nature.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12398821\charrsid12279493 It had been prolonged by the Plaintiff and had been condoned by the Plaintiff\rquote s wife for a purpose to which this Court will not give effect.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7482853\charrsid12279493 Furthermore, I am satisfied that there was no agreement between the Plaintiff and the deceased as to the ownership of Lot 21.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12398821\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7482853\charrsid12279493 \par The facts of this case can be distinguished from cases such as }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7482853\charrsid12279493 Baumgart}{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13504435\charrsid12279493 n}{ \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7482853\charrsid12279493 er v. Baumgart}{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13504435\charrsid12279493 n}{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7482853\charrsid12279493 er}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7482853\charrsid12279493 (1987) 164 CLR 137}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13504435\charrsid12279493 where it was held that a constructive trust existed to preven t on partner from unconscionably retaining the benefit of the other\rquote s contributions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7482853\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12211922\charrsid12279493 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13504435\charrsid12279493 In summary, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12211922\charrsid12279493 I find that there was no express declaration of trust nor was a constructive trust }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13504435\charrsid12279493 created}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12211922\charrsid12279493 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11492684\charrsid12279493 Proprietary}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12211922\charrsid12279493 estoppel as a remedy has not been established}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid424885\charrsid12279493 as the Plaintiff has not shown that he has suffered detriment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12211922\charrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid424885\charrsid12279493 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12211922\charrsid12279493 There has not been any unjust enrichment on the part of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13504435\charrsid12279493 the First}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12211922\charrsid12279493 Defendant that would enable the Plaintiff to claim restitution.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid424885\charrsid12279493 Under the circumstances }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12660217\charrsid12279493 unconscionability}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid424885\charrsid12279493 does not arise as the evidence has not established the existence of a relationship of any }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9322013\charrsid12279493 description, financial or otherwise, }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid424885\charrsid12279493 that would en}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9322013\charrsid12279493 titl}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid424885\charrsid12279493 e the Plaintiff to the equitable relief claimed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12211922\charrsid12279493 \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9322013\charrsid12279493 As a result the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12211922\charrsid12279493 Plaintiff\rquote s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid424885\charrsid12279493 action }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9322013\charrsid12279493 against the First and Second Defendant }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid424885\charrsid12279493 is}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12211922\charrsid12279493 dismissed.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9322013\charrsid12279493 \par \par Although counsel for the Second Defendant appeared from time to time during the interlocutory proceeding, there were no pleadings and no documents filed and there was no appearance at the trial}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16011117\charrsid12279493 by or on behalf of the Second Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9322013\charrsid12279493 . \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12660217\charrsid12279493 In the event that the interlocutory injunction granted on 26 July 2005 in favour of the Plaintiff is still in effect, I direct that it be now discharged. \par \par I order that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16011117\charrsid12279493 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12211922\charrsid12279493 he Plaintiff pay the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12660217\charrsid12279493 First }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12211922\charrsid12279493 Defendant\rquote s costs on a party-party basis to be agreed and if no agreement to be taxed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12279493 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12660217\charrsid12279493 There will be no order as to costs so far as the Second Defendant is concerned.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12211922\charrsid12279493 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12211922\charrsid12279493 W D Calanchini \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12211922\charrsid12279493 JUDGE \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12279493 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12660217\charrsid12279493 \par 7}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13119627\charrsid12279493 June}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12211922\charrsid12279493 2010 \par At Suva \par }}