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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI \par AT LABASA \par CIVIL JURISDICTION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 CIVIL ACTION HBC NO. 22 OF 2004 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 BETWEEN}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836\charrsid7749836 : \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 ALUSIO MUDU \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 Plaintiff \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836\charrsid7749836 AND: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 TAVEUNI MULTIRACIAL \par PROBATIONARY LAND PURCHASE \par CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY LIMITED \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447796\charrsid7749836 First Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836\charrsid7749836 AND: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 PHILIP COVERT \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447796\charrsid7749836 Second Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836\charrsid7749836 AND: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 SEREMAIA MASIVOU \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 Third Defendant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836\charrsid7749836 AND: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 TOMASI RASOVA \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 Fourth defendant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836\charrsid7749836 AND: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 MOHAMMED AZAM \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 Fifth Defendant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426867\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836\charrsid7749836 AND: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426867\charrsid7749836 MUNNA BUKSH \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426867\charrsid7749836 Sixth Defendant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426867\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836\charrsid7749836 AND: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426867\charrsid7749836 ISLAM BUKSH \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426867\charrsid7749836 Seventh Defendant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426867\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836\charrsid7749836 AND: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426867\charrsid7749836 EREMASI ULUIVITI \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426867\charrsid7749836 Eighth Defendant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426867\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836\charrsid7749836 AND: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426867\charrsid7749836 IAN SIMPSON \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426867\charrsid7749836 Ninth Defendant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426867\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836\charrsid7749836 AND: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426867\charrsid7749836 ANIL SHANKARAN \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426867\charrsid7749836 Tenth Defendant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836\charrsid7749836 AND}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426867\charrsid7749836 :}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426867\charrsid7749836 KINIVILIAME MARAWAI \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426867\charrsid7749836 Eleventh Defendant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426867\charrsid7749836 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 Mr }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426867\charrsid7749836 N Vere}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 for the Plaintiff \par Mr }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15426867\charrsid7749836 W Archibald}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 for Defendant}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2899285\charrsid7749836 s (except Eighth and Eleventh)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12017798\charrsid7749836 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 JUDGMENT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 This }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2899285\charrsid7749836 was the re-hearing of an action commenced by Writ issued on 19 April 2004.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2899285 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2899285\charrsid7749836 Annexed to the Writ was the Plaintiff\rquote s Statement of Claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2899285\charrsid7749836 An amended Statement of Claim dated 25 A}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13139283\charrsid7749836 ugust 2005 was subsequently filed and served.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13139283\charrsid7749836 An amended Statement of Defence was filed on behalf of the Defendants (except Eighth and Eleventh) on 21 February 2006}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608815\charrsid7749836 . \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13139283\charrsid7749836 \par The initial hearing was conducted in Labasa on various dates between February and May 2008.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13139283\charrsid7749836 Although the evidence had been completed and submissions filed, a judgment was not delivered. \par \par When the action was called before me for mention in June 2009 and after hearing Counsel I directed that the action be }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid594375\charrsid7749836 re}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747085\charrsid7749836 -}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid594375\charrsid7749836 heard.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13139283\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid594375\charrsid7749836 \par The re-hearing took place in Labasa between 20 and 22 October and resumed part heard in Suva on 30 November 2009.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid594375\charrsid7749836 During the hearing, the Plaintiff called three witnesses and the Defendants called a total of 12 witnesses to give evidence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid594375\charrsid7749836 At the conclusion of the evidence a timetable for the filing of written closing submissions was determined. \par \par The Plaintiff eventually filed written submissions on 15 February 2010.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid594375\charrsid7749836 The Defendants filed answering submissions on 9 March 2010.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747085\charrsid7749836 The Plaintiff filed a reply submission on 19 March 2010.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid594375\charrsid7749836 \par \par There is one issue that the Court proposes to consider before proceeding further with its judgment. \par \par Order 22 Rule 7 of the High Court Rules states: \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid594375\charrsid7749836 Except in an action to which a defence of tender before action is pleaded and except in an action all further proceedings in which are stayed by virtue of rule 3 (4) after the trial or hearing has begun, }{ \b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid594375\charrsid7749836 the fact that money has been paid into court under the foregoing provisions of this Order shall not be pleaded and no communication of that fact shall be made to the Court}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid594375\charrsid7749836 at the trial or hearing of the claim or counterclaim or of any question or issue as to be debt of damages until all questions of liability and of the amount of debt or damages have been decided.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid594375\charrsid7749836 (emphasis added). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid594375\charrsid7749836 \par Contrary to this Rule paragraph 9 (b) of the Defendants\rquote Amended Statement of Defence pleads:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660615\charrsid7749836 \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660615\charrsid7749836 The said sum of $7000 has been paid into this court.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660615\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660615\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660615\charrsid7749836 Furthermore and again contrary to the Rule, the Minutes of Pre}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747085\charrsid7749836 -}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660615\charrsid7749836 Trial Conference dated 29 May 2007, signed by Counsel and filed on 31 May 2007 under the heading of agreed facts at paragraph 5 state: \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660615\charrsid7749836 The sum of $7000 has been paid into Court by the First Defendant.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660615\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660615\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660615\charrsid7749836 At the commencement of the re-hearing this matter was raised by the Court with Counsel.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660615\charrsid7749836 The explanations that were provided were unsatisfactory.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660615\charrsid7749836 Counsel for the Defendants claimed such a practice was allowed in the pleading rules in New Zealand.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660615\charrsid7749836 Counsel also indicated that then Master of the Court had instructed the parties to include that fact in the Pre-Trial Conference Minutes. \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8265061\charrsid7749836 The parties indicated that, despite the non-compliance with the Rule and the obvious risks that disclosure of such a fact presented, they did not intend to make an application for me to remove myself.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8265061\charrsid7749836 Counsel indicated that the re-hearing of the action should proceed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660615\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16396083\charrsid7749836 \par The background to the action may be stated briefly.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16396083\charrsid7749836 The Plaintiff was at all material times a member of the First Defendant.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16396083\charrsid7749836 The First Defendant (the Co-operative) is a co-operative society under the Co-operatives Act 1996 (the Act). \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747085\charrsid7749836 The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16396083\charrsid7749836 Co-operative}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747085\charrsid7749836 \rquote s}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16396083\charrsid7749836 By-laws were registered in June 1994. They were introduced into evidence as exhibit 27.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16396083\charrsid7749836 Clause 3 of the By-laws sets out the objects of the Co-operative and for the purpose of the present proceedings, objects (a) and (b) are relevant: \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709889\charrsid7749836 (a)}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709889\charrsid7749836 To purchase from Carpenters (Fiji) Limited the land comprised in C.T. X1/05/29, C.T. X1/05/33, C.T. X1/05/85 and C.T. X1/05/86 in the district of Cakaudrove on the island of Taveuni in the province of Cakaudrove.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16396083\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709889\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709889\charrsid7749836 (b)}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709889\charrsid7749836 to arrange for the sub-division, survey and distribution of holdings among the members so as to provide one holding }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7558934\charrsid7749836 but not}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709889\charrsid7749836 more than one holding for each member, upon such terms a nd conditions as the general meeting shall determine, and to enter into an agreement with each member accordingly in the form annexed as schedule \lquote A\rquote to}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1129433\charrsid7749836 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709889\charrsid7749836 these by-laws.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709889\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709889\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709889\charrsid7749836 It should be noted that the Co-Operatives By-Laws were registered under the Co-Operative }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7558934\charrsid7749836 Societies}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709889\charrsid7749836 Act Cap 250.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709889\charrsid7749836 That Act was repealed by section 122 of the Act.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709889\charrsid7749836 Section 121 of the Act states: \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709889\charrsid7749836 (1)}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709889\charrsid7749836 A Co-operative which was registered under the provisions of the Co-operative Societies Act shall be deemed to be a co-operative under this Act. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709889\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709889\charrsid7749836 (2)}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709889\charrsid7749836 A co-operative that is deemed by virtue of sub-section (1) of this Section to be registered under this Act shall adopt to the satisfaction of the Regis}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15402070\charrsid7749836 t}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709889\charrsid7749836 ra}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747085\charrsid7749836 r its}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709889\charrsid7749836 by-laws in conformity with this Act not later than two years from the commencement of this Act}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15402070\charrsid7749836 .}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9709889\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15402070\charrsid7749836 \par It was not made clear to the Court whether the Co-Operative}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747085\charrsid7749836 \rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15402070\charrsid7749836 By-laws }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747085\charrsid7749836 that were in evidence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15402070\charrsid7749836 complied with this provision. \par \par In any event the Court would be required to apply section 17 of the Act when considering the application of the By-laws to the circumstances of this case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15402070\charrsid7749836 Section 17 states: \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15402070\charrsid7749836 (1)}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15402070\charrsid7749836 A co-operative may, consistent with this Act, make any by laws that are necessary or desirable for the purpose s for which a co-operative is established. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15402070\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15402070\charrsid7749836 (2)}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15402070\charrsid7749836 The by-laws of every co-operative shall include provisions in respect of matters mentioned in the First Schedule of this Act.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15402070\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15402070\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7558934\charrsid7749836 It was agreed by the parties that the Co-operative had become the registered pro prietor of two blocks of land on Taveuni Island comprised in Certificates of Title Volume X1/05 Folio 33 and Volume X1/05 Folio 229 commonly referred to as }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7558934\charrsid7749836 Burotu}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7558934\charrsid7749836 and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7558934\charrsid7749836 Nayalayala}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7558934\charrsid7749836 respectively.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15402070\charrsid7749836 \par \par Although it was agreed by the parties in the Minutes of the Pre-Trial Conference that the Plaintiff had been allocated an agricultural lot at Burotu where he had also resided, the document confirming and evidencing the allocation of lot}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747085\charrsid7749836 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15402070\charrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747085\charrsid7749836 a}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15402070\charrsid7749836 t Burotu indicated that a residential lot had been allocated to him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15402070\charrsid7749836 However , it was not disputed that the Plaintiff did reside at Burotu before the dispute the subject matter of the present action arose. \par \par The dispute in this action is essentially concerned with the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747085\charrsid7749836 transaction that allegedly took place on 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15402070\charrsid7749836 December 2000 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747085\charrsid7749836 where}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15402070\charrsid7749836 by the Plaintiff }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1129433\charrsid7749836 claimed that he had }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747085\charrsid7749836 acquired}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15402070\charrsid7749836 lot 11 on plan DP8525 being part of the land on Certificate of Title Volume X1/05, Folio 229 being the land referred to as }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15402070\charrsid7749836 Nayalayala}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15402070\charrsid7749836 (the property).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15402070\charrsid7749836 It was accepted that Lot 11 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747085\charrsid7749836 was part of a survey plan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11889595\charrsid7749836 of the Nayalayala land}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747085\charrsid7749836 obtained by the Co-operative}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11889595\charrsid7749836 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15402070\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1129433\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11889595\charrsid7749836 In his amended Statement of Claim the Plaintiff }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747085\charrsid7749836 claimed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11889595\charrsid7749836 that: \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11889595\charrsid7749836 5.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11889595\charrsid7749836 By an agreement in writing made between the Plaintiff and the 1st Defendant on the 7th day of December 2000 the Defendant agreed to sell and the Plaintiff agreed to purchase the property at the price of $20,000.00 (Twenty thousand dollars). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11889595\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11889595\charrsid7749836 6.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9116419\charrsid7749836 The agreement for the sale of the property was contained in a document titled Request to Purchase Lot 11 DP8525 at Nayalayala and the Schedule A form of the 1st Defendant\rquote s co-operative which incorporated all of the terms expressly agreed and signed by }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747085\charrsid7749836 the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9116419\charrsid7749836 1st Defendant through its servants or agents and expressly accepted by the Plaintiff.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11889595\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9116419\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9116419\charrsid7749836 7.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9116419\charrsid7749836 The Plaintiff intends to use the original or a copy of the agreement at the time of the trial. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9116419\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9116419\charrsid7749836 8.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9116419\charrsid7749836 After the formation of the contract, the Plaintiff moved his family and occupied the said property as part of the terms of the contract. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9116419\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9116419\charrsid7749836 9.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9116419\charrsid7749836 The Plaintiff had deposited with the Defendant the sum of $7,500.00 of the purchase price amounting to $20,000.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9116419\charrsid7749836 By a }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747085\charrsid7749836 r}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9116419\charrsid7749836 ider to the contract, the Plaintiff is obliged to pay to the 1st Defendant the difference between the deposit actually paid which at all times remains due from the Plaintiff to the 1st Defendant.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9116419\charrsid7749836 The Plaintiff is always prepared to pay the balance of the purchase price if given the chance to do so. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9116419\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9116419\charrsid7749836 10.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9116419\charrsid7749836 The contract stipulated that the Plaintiff should pay the balance of the purchase price upon receipt of the registered title in his name from the Defendant.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9116419\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9116419\charrsid7749836 \par The Plaintiff alleges in paragraph 11 of his Statement of Claim that the First Defendant by its servants or agents being the second t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653249\charrsid7749836 hrough to the eleventh Defendants on 17 April 2001 fo rcibly and unlawfully entered the property and removed the Plaintiff, his family and their belongings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653249\charrsid7749836 It is claimed that the Defendants remained in possession of the property until the dwelling was burnt on 16 August 2001.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9116419 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653249\charrsid7749836 The Plaintiff pleads that this conduct gives rise to three causes of action.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653249\charrsid7749836 First he claims that the Defendants have breached the contract and as a result he has suffered loss and damage. \par \par Secondly, he claims that the Defendants\rquote conduct gives rise to a claim for trespass.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1129433\charrsid7749836 He claimed that t}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653249\charrsid7749836 he Defendants entered the property without licence or consent.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653249\charrsid7749836 The Plaintiff claims that their forcible removal from the property was motivated by malice and spite with the intention of humiliating the Plaintiff and his family.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653249\charrsid7749836 As a result the Plaintiff has experienced anguish and mental distress and suffered loss and damages. \par \par Thirdly, the Plaintiff claims that the Defendants\rquote conduct amounted to nuisance in that they interfered with }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16718419\charrsid7749836 h}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653249\charrsid7749836 is right of quiet enjoyment of the property.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653249\charrsid7749836 Alternatively the Plaintiff claims that the nuisance }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747085\charrsid7749836 arose}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653249\charrsid7749836 as a result of the Defendants}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747085\charrsid7749836 \rquote }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653249\charrsid7749836 encroaching on the property and directly causing physical injuries to it thereafter. \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7040073\charrsid7749836 The relief claimed by the Plaintiff is for specific performance of the sale and purchase agreement between the Plaintiff and the First Defendant.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7040073\charrsid7749836 The Plaintiff also claims special damages and general damages arising out of the three pleaded causes of action.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7040073\charrsid7749836 Interest and costs are also claimed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13653249\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7040073\charrsid7749836 \par In the amended Defence filed on 21 February 2006, it is admitted that Defendants two to seven and Defendants nine and ten were at all material times members of the First Defendant. \par \par The Defence pleads that at no stage was there an allocation of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747085\charrsid7749836 lot 11}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7040073\charrsid7749836 to the Plaintiff in accordance with the Co-operative}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747085\charrsid7749836 \rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7040073\charrsid7749836 By-laws. \par \par The Defence states that Lot 11 DP 8525 (the property) was a parcel of land that appeared on a survey plan prepared in 1999 for the First Defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7040073\charrsid7749836 The Defence admits that the property is part of the land contained }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12145715\charrsid7749836 comprised in CT Volume X1/05 Folio 229, (the Nayalayala land).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12145715\charrsid7749836 It is claimed that no separate title exists in respect of the property described as Lot 11 DP 8525.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7040073 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12145715\charrsid7749836 The Defence acknowledges that there were two dwellings erected on the property.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12145715\charrsid7749836 The Defence }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15747085\charrsid7749836 states}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12145715\charrsid7749836 that the property was the First Defendant\rquote s headquarters in about December 2000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12145715\charrsid7749836 The first dwelling was occupied between April 1998 and }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1129433\charrsid7749836 March}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12145715\charrsid7749836 2001 by D}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885955\charrsid7749836 a}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12145715\charrsid7749836 yal Patel who had held}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13449115\charrsid7749836 the office of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1129433\charrsid7749836 S}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13449115\charrsid7749836 ecretary of the Co-operative from June 1994 to 10 January 2001.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13449115\charrsid7749836 The second dwelling, described as a temporary residence, was occupied by the Plaintiff\rquote s sister who was at the time employed by the Co-operative }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 to assist the Secretary}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13449115\charrsid7749836 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12145715\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13449115\charrsid7749836 \par The Defendants deny that the Plaintiff made an application to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 b}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13449115\charrsid7749836 e allocated property in accordance with the Co-operative \rquote s By-laws.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13449115\charrsid7749836 It is claimed that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 no}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13449115\charrsid7749836 agreement}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 in the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13449115\charrsid7749836 form }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13449115\charrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 Schedule }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043362\charrsid7749836 A to the By-laws has ever been produced by the Plaintiff and that the letter upon which the Plaintiff relies to support his claim does not constitute an agreement between the parties for the } {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 allocation }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043362\charrsid7749836 of the property}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 to the Plaintiff}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2043362\charrsid7749836 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13449115\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15610602\charrsid7749836 \par The Defence }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 claims}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15610602\charrsid7749836 that the Plaintiff occupied the vacant dwelling house on the property }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 shortly before Easter in 2001}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15610602\charrsid7749836 without the consent of the First Defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15610602\charrsid7749836 As a result the Defendants subsequently evicted the Plaintiff }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 shortly}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15610602\charrsid7749836 after Easter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15610602\charrsid7749836 It }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 was claimed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15610602\charrsid7749836 that the Plaintiff had been permitted to occupy the dwelling on the property }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 only }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15610602\charrsid7749836 for the duration of the Easter festival as its invitee or licensee. \par \par It is convenient at this stage to determine a number of preliminary issues relating to the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 agreement and the property}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15610602\charrsid7749836 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15610602\charrsid7749836 Having considered the evidence, I make the following findings on the balance of probabilities. \par \par I am satisfied that the Plaintiff }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885955\charrsid7749836 resided }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15610602\charrsid7749836 on }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885955\charrsid7749836 an allocated lot at Burotu with his family }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 until about 13 April 2001}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885955\charrsid7749836 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885955\charrsid7749836 I am also satisfied that the property was occupied by Dayal Patel and his family}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 until about March 2001}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885955\charrsid7749836 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885955\charrsid7749836 At that time the three bedroom dwelling was also used as the Co-operative \rquote s office.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885955\charrsid7749836 As Secretary of the Co-operative Dayal Patel was entitled to reside in this larger dwelling.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885955\charrsid7749836 I am also satisfied that at that time the Plaintiff\rquote s sister Maraia Kelepi occupied the smaller dwelling at the rear of the principal dwelling by virtue of her employment as an administrative assistant to Dayal Patel.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 Her father also resided in the smaller dwelling with her.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885955 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885955\charrsid7749836 The Plaintiff\rquote s claim commence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885955\charrsid7749836 with }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885955\charrsid7749836 letter dated 17 November 2000 addressed to the Chairman of the Co-operative wherein the Plaintif f made a request to purchase residential lot with house at Nayalayala.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885955\charrsid7749836 That letter stated: \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885955\charrsid7749836 Dear Sir, \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885955\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885955\charrsid7749836 I humbly request to purchase residential lot with house at Nayalayala because I am facing difficulties in residing at Burotu.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885955\charrsid7749836 I as the financial member of the Society having contributed $7500 which exceeds the provisional price of a residential freehold block I would like to purchase the iron and concrete house which is being occupied by the Secretary Mr Dayal Patel.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885955\charrsid7749836 Sir, as you could understand the persistence situation which I am facing with my family I would be indeed grateful if my humble request could be considered favourably on humanitarian grounds.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885955\charrsid7749836 I am prepared to meet the contribution that may be laid down by the Society.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885955\charrsid7749836 Since members of my family are also residing in the block at present and who are also financial members I would be grateful if there\rquote s an opportunity given.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885955\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12017798\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8153114\charrsid7749836 This letter confirms that the Plaintiff }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 had been}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8153114\charrsid7749836 residing at Burotu}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 He apparently}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8153114\charrsid7749836 wanted to move to Nayalayala for humanitarian reasons as a result of difficulties and the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8153114\charrsid7749836 persistence situation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8153114\charrsid7749836 at Burotu.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8153114\charrsid7749836 However no details were provided in the letter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2885955\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8153114\charrsid7749836 \par The letter }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 also }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8153114\charrsid7749836 confirmed that at the time the Co-operative\rquote s Secretary Mr Dayal Patel was resi ding in the property at Nayalayala. \par \par The reference to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8153114\charrsid7749836 having contributed $7,500.00 is not clear.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8153114\charrsid7749836 Paragraph 9 of the amended Statement of Claim alleges that it was paid to the Defendant as a deposit of the purchase price for the property at Nayalayala.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8153114\charrsid7749836 Par agraph 9 (a) of the Amended Defence pleads that the Plaintiff paid a total $7000.00 to the first defendant which was to be assigned towards the purchase price of lot 13 in Burotu subdivision.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8153114\charrsid7749836 The Defendants deny that any other moneys were paid by the Plaintiff to the First Defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8153114 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8153114\charrsid7749836 In his written statement which constituted his evidence in chief and which was admitted into evidence as exhibit 9, the Plaintiff stated that he first bought an agricultural block at Burotu in the year 2000 or 2001}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8153114\charrsid7749836 and I paid a deposit of $7500.00.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 " }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8153114\charrsid7749836 In the same statement he indicated that the purpose of the letter was to request a transfer of the Burotu block for the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7558934\charrsid7749836 Nayalayala}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8153114\charrsid7749836 block.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8153114\charrsid7749836 In other words the Plaintiff in fact sought to have the deposit of $7500.00 that he claimed that he had paid as the deposit on the Burotu block he treated as a deposit on the block he wanted to acquire at Nayalayala. \par \par In view of the evidence before the Court and considering the admission in the amended Defence I find that the Plaintiff did pay the sum of $7000 to the first Defendant for his allocated block at Burotu on a date that I am unable to determine.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1129433\charrsid7749836 In making this finding I have accepted the evidence of Philip Covert who was for some years Treasurer of the Co-operative.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8153114\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13894513\charrsid7749836 \par Produced as exhibit 5 was a letter dated 7 December 2000 from the Co-operative addressed to the Plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13894513\charrsid7749836 It was a handwritten letter on the Co-operative\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9439259\charrsid7749836 letterhead writing paper.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9439259\charrsid7749836 Omitting the greeting and the first paragraph, the letter stated:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13894513\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9439259\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723332\charrsid7749836 Many thanks for your letter dated 17.11.2000 addressed to the Chairman of the Society.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9439259\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723332\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723332\charrsid7749836 Due to time constraints I had personally met with the majority of the Board Members of the Society to discuss your urgent request.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723332\charrsid7749836 The Society Management had acceded to your request and have allocated you Lot 11, DP 8525 situated at Nayalayala. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723332\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723332\charrsid7749836 This lot has a concrete house, and your family members who are also financial members of the Society, are also occupying part of the said Lot 11 DP 8525.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723332\charrsid7749836 This letter legally entitles you and your family to occupy the concrete dwelling house and use lot 11 DP 8525 as your freehold residential property as you have already paid $7500.00 which exceeds the provisional price.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723332\charrsid7749836 The actual price of the said property (house and land) is $20,000.00 exclusive of other costs.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723332\charrsid7749836 Please be mindful that your family members who are financial members of the Society, have also made financial contributions to the Society.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723332\charrsid7749836 You are required to make the balance of payment of the actual price on lot 11 DP 8525 situated at Nayalayala upon issuance of the title of the said Lot 11 DP 8525 to you by the Society. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723332\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723332\charrsid7749836 Your request has been approved on the merit that you had contributed a lot towards} {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3694246\charrsid7749836 the success of this project in your capacity as an Advisory Councillor.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723332\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3694246\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3694246\charrsid7749836 Thank you for investing and having confidence in the Co-operative Society. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3694246\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3694246\charrsid7749836 Your contribution and support towards the development of the Co-op Society and Taveuni as a whole is hereby acknowledged and appreciated.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3694246\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1525084\charrsid7749836 \par The letter is signed by Dayal Patel as Secretary/Director of the Co-operative.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1525084\charrsid7749836 Below his signature block are the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 printed }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1525084\charrsid7749836 names of seven people including Dayal Patel.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1525084\charrsid7749836 In his evidence the Plaintiff stated that the names were the names of Board members.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1525084\charrsid7749836 He stated that s ix of the seven Board members indicated their concurrence by signing the letter at the same time at the home of Meli Tawanakoro (the Chairman of the Co-operative) at Nayalayala.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1525084\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1525084\charrsid7749836 The Plaintiff also stated that the seventh Board member }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7558934\charrsid7749836 Viliame}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1525084\charrsid7749836 Tomu, signed the letter in the presence of Meli Tawanakoro and himself at Naqara}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 some time after the others signed}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1525084\charrsid7749836 . \par \par The Plaintiff claimed that this letter amounted to acceptance by the Co-operative of his offer to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 acquire}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1525084\charrsid7749836 the property.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1525084\charrsid7749836 The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7558934\charrsid7749836 Plaintiff}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1525084\charrsid7749836 claimed that there was, as a result, a sale and purchase agreement in respect of the property.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1525084\charrsid7749836 However the Plaintiff did not produce a completed copy of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 agreement}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1525084\charrsid7749836 marked Schedule A to the Co-operative\rquote s By-laws. \par \par The Defendant denied that the correspondence constituted a sale and purchase agreement on }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 two}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1525084\charrsid7749836 grounds.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1525084\charrsid7749836 First it was claimed that the transaction did not comply with the Co-operative\rquote s By-laws.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1525084\charrsid7749836 Secondly the Defendants asserted that the letter dated 7 December 2000 was not genuine.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1525084 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1525084\charrsid7749836 Dealing first with the question of compliance with the Co-operative By-laws Clause 3 (b) in fact makes provision for three objects.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1525084\charrsid7749836 First, to arrange for the sub-division, survey and distribution of holdings among members.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1525084\charrsid7749836 Secondly, the provision of one holding only for each member upon such terms and conditions as the general meeting shall determine.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1525084\charrsid7749836 Thirdly, to enter into an agreement with each member accordingly in the form annexed as Schedule \lquote A\rquote to the By-laws. \par \par It is apparent that the land that is to be sub-divided, surveyed and distributed as holdings among members is the land that is to be purchased from Carpenters (Fiji) Limited being the land described in clause 3 (a). \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7232125\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237246\charrsid7749836 What each member is entitled to receive upon the terms and conditions determined by the general meeting is a holding.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237246\charrsid7749836 The word }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237246\charrsid7749836 holding}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237246\charrsid7749836 is not defined in the Co-operative\rquote s By-laws (the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4070667\charrsid7749836 B}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237246\charrsid7749836 y-laws}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237246\charrsid7749836 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7232125\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237246\charrsid7749836 \par Clause 11 of the by-laws states: \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237246\charrsid7749836 Shares shall be allotted in accordance with the block of land occupied by a member \'85.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237246\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237246\charrsid7749836 \par Although the terminology is somewhat imprecise it would seem that the words }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237246\charrsid7749836 block of land}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237246\charrsid7749836 refer to a holding that has been sub-divided, surveyed and distributed to a member under clause 3 (b). \par \par The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary describes a holding as property held, specifically a tenement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237246\charrsid7749836 A tenement is that which is held by a tenant. \par \par The consideration for acquiring the holding was the payment by the member of a sum of money for the purchase shares over a period of time. \par \par Clause 11 of the by-laws also states: \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237246\charrsid7749836 \'85 the number of shares to be held by members occupying blocks is set out in Schedule D to these by-laws \'85.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237246 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13533065 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13533065\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237246\charrsid7749836 The agreement that is Schedule A to the Co-operative\rquote s By-laws does provide some assistance in determining what is meant by the word }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7558934\charrsid7749836 holding}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237246\charrsid7749836 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237246\charrsid7749836 The preamble in part states:}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16660615\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237246\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237246\charrsid7749836 Whereas the member has declared the intention in acquiring for himself a block of land within the area (described in object }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2899442\charrsid7749836 3 (a)}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237246\charrsid7749836 of the By-laws).}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14778024\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14778024\charrsid7749836 \par Clause 1 states: \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14778024\charrsid7749836 The member agrees to purchase from the Society not less than \'85 one dollar shares in the Capital of the Society (which have been reserved for him by the Society) on the execution of this Agreement at the time and in the man ner provided in the Schedule hereto.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14778024\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14778024\charrsid7749836 \par Clause 6 states: \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14778024\charrsid7749836 To secure payment of the moneys payable to the society under this agreement the member will give to the Society a crop lien and/or assignment in respect of the crops hereinafter to be grown on the said land \'85..}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6237246\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14778024\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14778024\charrsid7749836 Clause 12 states: \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13592439\charrsid7749836 In the event of the relinquishment of the said land by the member with the consent of the Society and any other interested party and the Society takes over the said land such compensation shall be payable as may be mutual ly agreed between the member and the Society for improvements that they have been executed in the said land by the member of any predecessor \'85}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14778024\charrsid7749836 .}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14778024\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13592439\charrsid7749836 \par Clause 16 states: \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13592439\charrsid7749836 In the event of the member failing to comply with any of the provisions of this Agreement the Society may, by notice in writing to the member, terminate this agreement in such event, the member, shall, within three (3) months after such determination, vacate the said land and deliver up vacant possession thereof to the Society and the provisio ns of clause 12 of this Agreement shall apply (mutatis mutandis).}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13592439\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13592439\charrsid7749836 \par Clause 17 states: \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13592439\charrsid7749836 This Agreement is subject to and not independent of the registered by-laws of the society.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13592439\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2899442\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13592439\charrsid7749836 The Agreement also contains clauses requiring payment of interest and dues.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13592439\charrsid7749836 There also are clause setting out obligations and prohibitions in relation to the use of the land. \par \par When read together it is clear that the intention of both the By-laws and the Agreement is that the Co-operative }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2899442\charrsid7749836 shall }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13592439\charrsid7749836 retain ownership of the land that is described in object }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2899442\charrsid7749836 3 (a) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13592439\charrsid7749836 of the By-laws.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13592439\charrsid7749836 What the member acquires for consideration in the form of sale and purchase of shares is a right to possession of the subdivided and surveyed block of land described as a holding.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13592439\charrsid7749836 It is a right to exc}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2899442\charrsid7749836 l}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13592439\charrsid7749836 usive possession that is acquire}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2899442\charrsid7749836 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13592439\charrsid7749836 . \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2626132\charrsid7749836 \par The agreement in the form of Schedule A to the By-laws is not a sale and purchase agreement of a block of land }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2899442\charrsid7749836 as}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2626132\charrsid7749836 it is not an agreement for the purchase of freehold title by the member from the Co-operative.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2626132\charrsid7749836 There is an agreement fo r the sale and purchase of shares}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2899442\charrsid7749836 which also entitles the purchaser to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512761\charrsid7749836 exclusive }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2899442\charrsid7749836 possession of an allocated holding}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2626132\charrsid7749836 . \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7887906\charrsid7749836 \par Clause 3 (b) of the By-laws contemplates the distribution of a holding to a member of such terms and conditions that the general meeting shall }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150834\charrsid7749836 determine.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150834\charrsid7749836 The clause also contemplates the existence of an agreement in the form of Schedule A.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150834\charrsid7749836 The Plaintiff claims that the letter dated 7 December 2000 complies with the first requirement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150834\charrsid7749836 The Plaintiff also pleaded in his Statement of Claim that in paragraph 6 that there was a signed Schedule A agreement that complied with the second requirement.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7887906\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150834\charrsid7749836 \par So far as the Schedule A Agreement is concerned no such document was put into evidence or produced during the re-}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2899442\charrsid7749836 hearing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150834\charrsid7749836 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2899442\charrsid7749836 N}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150834\charrsid7749836 o Schedule A Agreement }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2899442\charrsid7749836 was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150834\charrsid7749836 produced to support the alleged distribution or acquisition of the property }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2899442\charrsid7749836 to the Plaintiff in accordance with the By-laws}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14171319\charrsid7749836 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid150834\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14171319\charrsid7749836 \par The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7558934\charrsid7749836 explanation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14171319\charrsid7749836 offered in evidence by the Plaintiff and his witness was unconvincing and unsatisfactory.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14171319\charrsid7749836 I am inclined to accept that when the dwelling house on the prope}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13386459\charrsid7749836 rty was burnt down }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14171319\charrsid7749836 it was completely empty.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14171319\charrsid7749836 It is also surprising, if not inconsistent, that the Plaintiff requested that he be allowed to retain the original letters dated 17 November and 7 December 2000 to substantiate his claim but did not request that he be given at least a copy of the Schedule A Agreement that he claimed had been signed by the relevant office bearers specified on page 7.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 } {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13386459\charrsid7749836 Such a document was required by the By-laws and was essential for him to establish that he had been allocated a holding in consideration }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4733178\charrsid7749836 for the purchase of shares.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14171319\charrsid7749836 \par \par In his amended Statement of Claim the Plaintiff does }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7558934\charrsid7749836 not}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14171319\charrsid7749836 provide any particulars as to the date of the Schedule A agreement nor does he identify by whom the agreement was made on behalf of the first Defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14171319\charrsid7749836 It is also noted that the Plaintiff did not }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4733178\charrsid7749836 properly deal with the issue of discovery of the particular Agreement}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14171319\charrsid7749836 . \par \par The other requirement under clause 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512761\charrsid7749836 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14171319\charrsid7749836 b}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512761\charrsid7749836 )}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14171319\charrsid7749836 of the By-laws is that the terms and conditions for the distribution of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512761\charrsid7749836 holding}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14171319\charrsid7749836 to the Plaintiff must be on such terms and conditions determined by the General Meeting. \par \par There was no material before the Court to establish that the conditions set out in the letter dated 7 December 2000 had been determined by the general meeting of the Co-operative.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4733178\charrsid7749836 The}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14171319\charrsid7749836 terms and conditions for the distribution of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8338433\charrsid7749836 blocks of land }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4733178\charrsid7749836 as holdings were required to be }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8338433\charrsid7749836 determined by the general meeting by either a resolution that had general application or by a series of resolutions that applied to the distribution to individual members.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14171319\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8338433\charrsid7749836 \par In this case the terms and conditions in the letter dated 7 December 2000 are those that were allegedly approved by the Board members}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8263145\charrsid7749836 present}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8338433\charrsid7749836 who allegedly signed the letter. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8263145\charrsid7749836 \par Section 63 of the Act deals with the role of the Board (or Committee in this) and so far as is relevant states: \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid7749836 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8263145\charrsid7749836 The Board shall be the administrative and management organ of the co-operatives and it shall: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8263145\charrsid7749836 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid7749836 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7749836 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8263145\charrsid7749836 exercise such powers as shall be delegated to it in accordance with this act and by the General Meeting \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2424947\charrsid7749836 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid7749836 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls5\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7749836 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8263145\charrsid7749836 \'85. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8263145\charrsid7749836 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid7749836 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8263145\charrsid7749836 The Board shall \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2424947\charrsid7749836 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid7749836 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7749836 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8263145\charrsid7749836 comply with the provisions of this Act, as well as with the by-laws of the co-operative and shall ensure that they are applied; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2424947\charrsid7749836 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid8263145\charrsid7749836 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls6\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7749836 { \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8263145\charrsid7749836 \endash (j) \'85. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2424947\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8263145\charrsid7749836 (k)}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8263145\charrsid7749836 implement all decisions taken by the General}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2424947\charrsid7749836 Meeting. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2424947\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512761\charrsid7749836 C}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2424947\charrsid7749836 onsistent with these provisions, the Co-operative\rquote s By-laws provided for the role of the Committee }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512761\charrsid7749836 to be, inter alia, as follows}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2424947\charrsid7749836 : \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2424947\charrsid7749836 24.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2424947\charrsid7749836 The Committee shall be the executive authority of the society an d subject to any directions from a general meeting of the society and to the by-laws of the society, it shall manage the affairs of the society.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2424947\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2424947\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2424947\charrsid7749836 26.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2424947\charrsid7749836 The committee shall keep a minute book recording the proceeding of all its meetings and all proceedings of General Meetings.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2424947\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5715267\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2424947\charrsid7749836 There was no material before the Court to suggest that the General Meeting (even }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13332114\charrsid7749836 if }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512761\charrsid7749836 it }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13332114\charrsid7749836 was able to) had delegated the function that was its responsibility under clause 3 (b) of the By-laws to the Committee.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13332114\charrsid7749836 There was no material to suggest that the terms of the transactions contained in the letter dated 7 December 2000 had been either specifically approved for this member or had been determined as general terms applicable to all distributions of holding}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512761\charrsid7749836 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13332114\charrsid7749836 to members.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2424947\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13332114\charrsid7749836 \par Further the general power given to the Committee to enter into contracts on behalf of the Society under By-law 29 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512761\charrsid7749836 id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13332114\charrsid7749836 not affect the specific provision in By-law 3(b) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512761\charrsid7749836 that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13332114\charrsid7749836 the General Meeting determine the term}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512761\charrsid7749836 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13332114\charrsid7749836 upon which holdings }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512761\charrsid7749836 were to be}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13332114\charrsid7749836 distributed to members. \par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8263145\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8338433\charrsid7749836 Whilst it may be argued that the Schedule A agreement set out the terms and conditions determined by the general meeting, in the absence of a copy of that agreement, it was not possible }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13332114\charrsid7749836 for the Court }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8338433\charrsid7749836 to determine whether the terms in relation to the payment of the consideration of $20,000 w}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13332114\charrsid7749836 ere}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8338433\charrsid7749836 in accordance with the Schedule A agreement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8338433\charrsid7749836 The arrangement in the letter dated 7 December 2000 that the balance of the consideration be paid upon receipt of a registered }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13332114\charrsid7749836 title}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8338433\charrsid7749836 in the Plaintiff\rquote s name}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807123\charrsid7749836 would appear to be inconsistent with the scheme of payments that appears to be part of the Schedule A agreement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807123\charrsid7749836 There was no material before the Court to indicate that the general meeting had authorised the Board to vary the Schedule A agreement either in this case or generally.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13332114\charrsid7749836 There was no evidence to suggest that the general meeting had approved the terms of the arrangement set out in that letter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8338433\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807123\charrsid7749836 \par There is a further issue arising out of the arrangement that the balance of the consideration he paid upon the receipt by the Plaintiff of a registered title.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807123\charrsid7749836 It was clear from the evidence that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13332114\charrsid7749836 at that time }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807123\charrsid7749836 there were no immediate plans by the Co-operative to complete all the formal requirements necessary for registered certificates of title to be issued in respect of the subdivision at Nayalayala.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807123\charrsid7749836 Therefore the payment of the balance of the consideration by the Plaintiff as purchaser was to be at some time }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4083529\charrsid7749836 in the future not yet determined and therefore uncertain.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4083529\charrsid7749836 The payment of the balance of co nsideration and the handing over of a registered title to the purchaser are major terms the time for performance of which }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13332114\charrsid7749836 were }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4083529\charrsid7749836 in the letter dated 7 December 2000 so vague and indefinite that the intention of the parties as to when that time }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13332114\charrsid7749836 would}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4083529\charrsid7749836 occur cannot be ascertained with reasonable certainty.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4083529\charrsid7749836 The property was, so far as the parties were concerned, no more than part of the land described in Certificate of Title X1/05 Folio 229 and generally referred to as }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4083529\charrsid7749836 Nayalayala}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4083529\charrsid7749836 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4083529\charrsid7749836 Of all the land }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13332114\charrsid7749836 registered in the name of and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4083529\charrsid7749836 owned by the Co-operative there was some evidence at the hearing that there may have been one certificate of title registered in respect of one sub-division.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4083529\charrsid7749836 That title was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7356763\charrsid7749836 not}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4083529\charrsid7749836 for the property the subject matter of this dispute.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4807123\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4083529\charrsid7749836 \par Furthermore, as an issue on the facts, it is difficult to determine when the Plaintiff was entitled to take up }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7356763\charrsid7749836 possession}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4083529\charrsid7749836 of the property.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4083529\charrsid7749836 As at 7 December 2000, Dayal Patel was still the Secretary of the Co-operative and as such still entitled to occupy the property.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4083529\charrsid7749836 There was no evidence }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7356763\charrsid7749836 before }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4083529\charrsid7749836 the Court to suggest that Dayal Patel was aware on 7 December 2000 that he was soon to be removed as Secretary.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4083529\charrsid7749836 There}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7356763\charrsid7749836 fore there}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4083529\charrsid7749836 was no reason }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7356763\charrsid7749836 why }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4083529\charrsid7749836 Dayal Patel as Secretary would wish to relinquish occupancy of the property as at 7 December 2000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4083529\charrsid7749836 If, on the other hand Dayal Patel was aware on 7 December 2000 of plans by members to remove him as Secretary at some time in the near future, then this arrangement may be seen in a different light.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7356763\charrsid7749836 In any event the lack of any reference to taking up possession adds to the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5715267\charrsid7749836 uncertainty}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7356763\charrsid7749836 of the transaction.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4083529\charrsid7749836 \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12718358\charrsid7749836 The second ground on which the Defendants challenge }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8154465\charrsid7749836 the validity of the agreement evidenced by the correspondence is the bona fides of the letter dated 7 December 2000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7356763\charrsid7749836 First}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8154465\charrsid7749836 , the Defendants say that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7356763\charrsid7749836 one}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8154465\charrsid7749836 of the signatures on the letter w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7356763\charrsid7749836 as}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8154465\charrsid7749836 forged.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8154465\charrsid7749836 The allegation is that the Plaintiff\rquote s claim is fraudulent.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8154465\charrsid7749836 As such the Defendants are required to plead the allegation in their Defence and are also required to establish the facts that constitute the fraud at the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7356763\charrsid7749836 trial}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8154465\charrsid7749836 of the action.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8154465\charrsid7749836 The onus of proof to establish fraud is with the Defendants.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4083529\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8154465\charrsid7749836 \par In paragraph 7 (a) of the Amended Statement of Defence the Defendants say: \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8154465\charrsid7749836 A copy of a document of the nature referred to by the Plaintiff in paragraph 7 of the amended Statement of claim has been shown to the First Defendant\rquote s present and past Board members who deny its authenticity.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8154465\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8154465\charrsid7749836 \par Although no particulars were provided and nor were any sought as to the basis of the denial of authen}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4480966\charrsid7749836 ti}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8154465\charrsid7749836 city}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4480966\charrsid7749836 , I am satisfied that the Plaintiff was provided with sufficient notice that the Defendants were alleging fraud by this assertion.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8154465\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4480966\charrsid7749836 \par There was evidence led by the Defence on the question of the authenticity of the signature of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7356763\charrsid7749836 one of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4480966\charrsid7749836 the Board membe rs that appeared on the letter dated 7 December 2000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7356763\charrsid7749836 This r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4480966\charrsid7749836 elated to the signature of the Board member Viliame Tomu. \par \par Viliame Tomu was called as a witness to give evidence by the Defendants.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4480966\charrsid7749836 Mr Tomu stated in his evidence that he was a board member of the Co-operative between 1997 and 2001.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4480966\charrsid7749836 Although he was shown the letter dated 7 December 2000, he stated that he could not read English.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4480966\charrsid7749836 He stated that the signature next to his printed name was not his signature.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4480966\charrsid7749836 He stated that he was not called to a meeting of the Board at that time.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4480966\charrsid7749836 He said he could not recall whether the Plaintiff and the then Chairman visited his house to get him to sign the letter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4480966\charrsid7749836 He was sure that the signature was not his signature.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4480966\charrsid7749836 Admitted into evidence as exhibit 33 was an affidavi t made by Tomu and sworn on 21 March 2005.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4480966\charrsid7749836 That affidavit had been filed in earlier proceedings between the parties concerning the removal of a caveat over the property.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4480966\charrsid7749836 In that affidavit the witness also denied that the signature was his signature. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447796\charrsid7749836 \par Under cross-examination the witness maintained that when the Plaintiff saw him at his stall at the Suva market, the Plaintiff requested him to sign a document before a lawyer.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447796\charrsid7749836 He denied that the Plaintiff had accused him of changing his story for money.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447796\charrsid7749836 Although this conversation at the Suva market between the Plaintiff and Viliame Tomu was allegedly witnessed by a person named Tadeo Mataiasi, a relative of the Plaintiff, Mr Mataiasi was not called to give evidence.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447796\charrsid7749836 No explanation was provided by the Plaintiff for not calling this person to corroborate the Plaintiff\rquote s assertion that Tomu had changed his story for a payment of $700 from the Co-operative to help with school fees. \par \par Two other members of the Board whose names were printed in handwriting on page 2 of the letter dated 7 December 2000 were also called by the Defendants to give evidence. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1780336\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447796\charrsid7749836 Inia Kumunaga stated that he was a member of the Board in December 2000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447796\charrsid7749836 He admitted that the signature next to his }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512761\charrsid7749836 printed }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447796\charrsid7749836 name appeared to be his }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512761\charrsid7749836 signature}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447796\charrsid7749836 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500705\charrsid7749836 He}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447796\charrsid7749836 denied that he signed the letter at a meeting in December 2000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447796\charrsid7749836 He stated that a document was brought to him and to the others individually for signing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447796\charrsid7749836 He appeared to be claiming that he thought he was signing documents connected with the Taukei Farmers Union.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447796\charrsid7749836 He said that he did go to a Taukei Farmers Union meeting at about that time. \par \par An affidavit made by Inia Kumunaga and sworn on 20 September 2005 was admitted into evidence as exhibit 24.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447796\charrsid7749836 This affidavit had also been filed in proceeding concerned with the removal of a caveat over the property.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447796\charrsid7749836 In that affidavit he stated that the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577369\charrsid7749836 document he signed was brought to him by the then Chairman Meli Tawanakoro.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447796\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577369\charrsid7749836 \par Tomu }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500705\charrsid7749836 Tuilaucala}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577369\charrsid7749836 stated that he was also a member of the Board in December 2000.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577369\charrsid7749836 He admitted that the signature next to his printed name was his signature.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577369\charrsid7749836 He could not recall how his signature was on the document and nor could he recall attending any meeting. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid406977\charrsid7749836 \par Apart from Dayal Patel, the Plaintiff did not call any witness who may have been present at the meeting that allegedly occurred on 7 December 2000 and whose name appeared on page 2 of the letter of the same date. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7356763\charrsid7749836 \par The Defendants asserted that even if there was a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512761\charrsid7749836 meeting}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7356763\charrsid7749836 held on 7 December 2000, it was not a properly constituted meeting.} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7356763\charrsid7749836 At least four committee members (Shankaran, P Lovel, T Rasova and V Tomu) gave evidence to the effect that they did not receive any notice of such a meeting.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7356763\charrsid7749836 When cross-examined on this point, the Secretary (Dayal Patel) appeared not to seriously }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512761\charrsid7749836 dispute}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7356763\charrsid7749836 this evidence. \par \par Clause 23 of the Co-operative\rquote s By-}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5715267\charrsid7749836 laws}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7356763\charrsid7749836 states, in part, that: \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7356763\charrsid7749836 \'85.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7356763\charrsid7749836 At least three days notice of a meeting shall be given to all committee members provided that \'85.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7356763\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7356763\charrsid7749836 \par There was no evidence that the meeting was a regula}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5179477\charrsid7749836 r monthly meeting notice of which was not required pursuant to the proviso.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7356763\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5179477\charrsid7749836 \par The Defendants also challenged the alleged decision on the basis that it had not been passed by a meeting }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512761\charrsid7749836 at which}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5179477\charrsid7749836 the required number of members }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512761\charrsid7749836 were }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5179477\charrsid7749836 present. \par \par Under section 64 of the Act, the Committee must consist of at least three members and shall be three or a multiple of three.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5179477\charrsid7749836 As at 7 December 2000 there were 12 members of the committee. \par \par Section 69 of the Act states that the committee may validly conduct its business when at least one half of its members are present.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5179477\charrsid7749836 Decision} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512761\charrsid7749836 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5179477\charrsid7749836 of the committee are to be taken by a majority of votes cast (i.e. those present at the meeting). \par \par Even if it is accepted that all the persons whose names are printed in the letter dated 7 December 2000 were present at the same time except for Viliame Tomu, that leaves just six }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5715267\charrsid7749836 persons}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5179477\charrsid7749836 , and this would satisfy the requirement of 50% attendance to validly conduct business.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5179477\charrsid7749836 However the Defendants claimed that the Secretary was not eligible to participate as a voting member of the Committee.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5179477\charrsid7749836 The Defendants appeared to rely upon clause 21 of the By-laws which states: \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5179477\charrsid7749836 The Committee shall consist of the Chairman, a Deputy Chairman, a Secretary and }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5715267\charrsid7749836 an}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5179477\charrsid7749836 Assistant Secretary (provided that they be unpaid) a Treasurer and other members to make a total of twelve members.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5179477\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512761\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5179477\charrsid7749836 In addition, clause 26 states: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512761\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5179477\charrsid7749836 The Secretary and the Assistant Secretary, if they are not members of the Committee, may be paid such remuneration from the funds of the Society as the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5715267\charrsid7749836 Registrar}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5179477\charrsid7749836 may approve.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5179477\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5179477\charrsid7749836 \par The effect of these provisions would seem to be that Dayal Patel as a paid secretary could not be a member of the Committee.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5179477\charrsid7749836 However his presence at meetings was essential.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5179477\charrsid7749836 The inference to be drawn is that he could not vote at such meetings.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5179477\charrsid7749836 Whether this meant that there should have been twelve members apart from the secretary is not clear.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid406977\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5179477\charrsid7749836 \par In the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512761\charrsid7749836 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5179477\charrsid7749836 vent that the Defendants\rquote assertion is correct then only five voting members were present on 7 December 2000 at the meeting, if indeed such a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5715267\charrsid7749836 meeting}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5179477\charrsid7749836 was actually convened. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid406977\charrsid7749836 The issue for the court is to determine whose evidence is to be relied upon in relation to the disputed factual questions that call for determination.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid406977\charrsid7749836 The questions are: first}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512761\charrsid7749836 ,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid406977\charrsid7749836 whether the signature next to Viliame Tomu\rquote s printed handwritten name is his signature; secondly, was a meeting conducted on 7 December 2000 wh ere all those present signed the letter at the same time; and thirdly}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15483143\charrsid7749836 , was the meeting a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 properly convened }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15483143\charrsid7749836 board meeting of the Co-operative or was it a meeting of some other organisation as claimed by Inia Kumunaga?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15483143\charrsid7749836 I have no doubt that each witness was giving his evidence to the best of his recollection and to the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 b}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15483143\charrsid7749836 est of his ability.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15483143\charrsid7749836 It is fair to say that after some nine years, the evidence }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 given by the witnesses }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15483143\charrsid7749836 about the events of 2000 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 and 2001 was}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15483143\charrsid7749836 as much based on reconstruction as on memory.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid406977\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1780336\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15483143\charrsid7749836 In }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15483143\charrsid7749836 Faryana v. Chocny}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15483143\charrsid7749836 [1952] 2 D.L.R 354 at page 356-7 the Court said: \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15483143\charrsid7749836 The credibility of interested witnesses, particularly in cases of conflict of evidence, cannot be gauged solely by the test of whether the personal demeanour of the particular witness carried conviction of the truth.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15483143\charrsid7749836 The test must reasonably subject his story to an examination of its consistency }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12524945\charrsid7749836 with the probabilities that surround the currently existing conditions.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12524945\charrsid7749836 \'85.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12524945\charrsid7749836 Again, a witness may testify what he sincerely believes to be true but he may be quite honestly mistaken.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12524945\charrsid7749836 For a trial Judge to say } {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12524945\charrsid7749836 I believe him because I ju}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122528\charrsid7749836 dge him to be telling the truth}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122528\charrsid7749836 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12524945\charrsid7749836 is to come to a conclusion on considera}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122528\charrsid7749836 tion of only half the problem.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122528\charrsid7749836 In truth it may easily be self-direction of a dangerous kind.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4480966\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122528\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122528\charrsid7749836 The trial Judge ought to go further and say that evidence of the witness he believes is in accordance with the preponderance of probabilities in the case and, if his view is to command confidence, also state his reasons for that conclusion.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122528\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1780336\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122528\charrsid7749836 Having considered the evidence carefully I have concluded that the signature next to the name of Viliame Tomu is not his signature.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122528\charrsid7749836 From the evidence before me it is clear that he has consistently denied that it is his signature.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122528\charrsid7749836 The letter itself was not brought to the attention of the new Board until some time after the events that occurred between December 2000 and April 2001.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122528\charrsid7749836 From the time when the Plaintiff presented the letter dated 7 December 2000 to the Board, Tomu has denied that he had signed the letter.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122528\charrsid7749836 It was certainly not disputed that he was not present when some or all of the other signatories signed the letter.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122528\charrsid7749836 In his evidence (his written statement as exhibit 9) the Plaintiff does }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11350541\charrsid7749836 not }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122528\charrsid7749836 provide}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11350541\charrsid7749836 any details as to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8258800\charrsid7749836 when or how long after 7 December 2000 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 is}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8258800\charrsid7749836 Tomu }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 alleged to have signed the letter}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8258800\charrsid7749836 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8258800\charrsid7749836 It is claimed that Tomu was given a copy of the letter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8258800\charrsid7749836 However that fact was not put to Tomu in cross-examination.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8258800\charrsid7749836 Furthermore Tomu maintained that he cannot read English.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122528\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8258800\charrsid7749836 \par I am satisfied that the letter dated 7 December 2000 was not genuine in that one of the signatures was forged. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 \par I am satisfied that if such a meeting did take place on 7 December 2000 it was not properly convened in accordance with the Co-operative\rquote s By-laws. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8258800\charrsid7749836 \par As a result of the aforegoing I have concluded that not only was the transaction that the correspondence purported to effect not in accordance with the By-laws of the Co-operative but it was also dishonestly executed.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8258800\charrsid7749836 In addition there was no Schedule A agreement as required by clause 3 (b) of the By-laws.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8258800\charrsid7749836 Therefore there was no}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12593072\charrsid7749836 allocation of a holding to the Plaintiff as claimed.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8258800\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12593072\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 It is claimed by the Plaintiff that p}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12593072\charrsid7749836 ursuant to the arrangement that appeared to have been made }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 as}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12593072\charrsid7749836 discussed above, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 he}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12593072\charrsid7749836 and his family moved from Burotu to the property at Nayalayala on Good Friday 13 April 2001.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12593072\charrsid7749836 Prior to that time the property had been occupied for a short period by Anil Shankaran who had been elected Chairman in January 2001.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12593072\charrsid7749836 Dayal Patel was replaced as Secretary at the same time and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 was evicted from}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12593072\charrsid7749836 the property }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 in early March}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12593072\charrsid7749836 2001. \par \par Some of the Defendants attended the property on Sunday 15 April 2001 and asked the Plaintiff and his family to leave.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12593072\charrsid7749836 On 17 April a group of the Defendants returned to the property and upon entering removed the Plaintiff\rquote s belonging from the house on the property and placed them on the side of the road in front of the property. \par \par On the balance of probabilities I find that the Plaintiff did not show either a copy }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8016553\charrsid7749836 or the ori ginal letter dated 7 December 2000 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 to any of the Defendants}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8016553\charrsid7749836 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8016553\charrsid7749836 Nor did }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512761\charrsid7749836 any }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8016553\charrsid7749836 person on behalf }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512761\charrsid7749836 of the Plaintiff }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8016553\charrsid7749836 show that letter to the Defendants who attended at the property on 17 April 2001}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6512761\charrsid7749836 when the Plaintiff was elsewhere}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8016553\charrsid7749836 . \par \par The questions for the court are first whether the entry of the Defendants on to the property on 17 April 2001 and secondly the subsequent removal of the Plaintiff\rquote s possessions from the house to the side of the road}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9389719\charrsid7749836 outside the property amount to trespass to land and to goods.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8016553\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9389719\charrsid7749836 \par The Defendants do not deny that they entered on }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9389719\charrsid7749836 the property on 17 April 2001 and removed the Plaintiff\rquote s possessions from the property and placed them outside the property adjacent to the roadway.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9389719\charrsid7749836 The Defendants pleaded that they had justification for entering the property and for removing the Plaintiff, his family and his possessions from the property.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12593072 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9389719\charrsid7749836 It certainly cannot be disputed that the Plaintiff and his family were in actual possession of the property on 17 April 2001.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9389719\charrsid7749836 The Plaintiff claimed to be }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500705\charrsid7749836 entitiled}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9389719\charrsid7749836 to possession as at that date by virtue of the agreement he claimed to have made with the first Defendant on 7 December 2000. \par \par Be that as it may, his right to remain in possession was sustainable against every other person other than a person who }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 could}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9389719\charrsid7749836 establish a better right to possession.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9389719\charrsid7749836 The first defendant at all time held the legal or registered title to the land.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9389719\charrsid7749836 The Plaintiff could only claim to have a right to possession as against the first defendant if the agreement dated 7 December 2000 was enforceable as against the first defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9389719\charrsid7749836 \par \par The Court has already made }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9389719\charrsid7749836 finding in relation to that agreement that }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 its terms did not}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9389719\charrsid7749836 comply with the Co-operative\rquote s By-laws and that it was so uncertain as to be unenforceable.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 Furthermore, it was not a genuine agreement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9389719\charrsid7749836 \par \par The Plaintiff was therefore not entitled to possession of the property on 17 April 2010 and as against the First Defendant was a trespasser.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9389719\charrsid7749836 As a result the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 D}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9389719\charrsid7749836 efendants were entitled to enter on the land and remove the Plaintiff\rquote s possessions on 17 April 2001 and place them outside the property. \par \par The Plaintiff also claims that he has a cause of action in nuisance.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9389719\charrsid7749836 The Plaintiff must show that the Defendants by their conduct have interfered with his use or enjoyment of the property.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9389719\charrsid7749836 The basis of liability is usually the possession and control of land from which the nuisance proceeds.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9389719\charrsid7749836 There is also some authority for the proposition that an action for private nuisance may be brought for an interference that is not connected with any use of land by the defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9389719\charrsid7749836 In nuisance the defendant\rquote s conduct or the act complained of does not directly }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500705\charrsid7749836 affect}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9389719\charrsid7749836 the person or property of another, but has consequences which become or are prejudicial to his person or property (see }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3030063\charrsid7749836 Halsbury\rquote s Laws of England}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3030063\charrsid7749836 4th Edition Volume 34 paragraph 302 and 307).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9389719\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3030063\charrsid7749836 \par In }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3030063\charrsid7749836 Esso Petroleum Co. Ltd v. Southport Corporation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3030063\charrsid7749836 [1956] AC 218 at page 224 Devlin J observed: \par \par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3030063\charrsid7749836 It is clear that to give a cause of action for private nuisance the matter complained of must affect the property of the Plaintiffs.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3030063\charrsid7749836 But I }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500705\charrsid7749836 know}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3030063\charrsid7749836 of no principle that it must emanate from land belonging to the Defendants.}{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3030063\charrsid7749836 \'85 and I can see no reason why, if land or water belonging to the public, or waste land, is misused by the }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500705\charrsid7749836 Defendant}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3030063\charrsid7749836 , or if the defendant as a licensee or trespasser misuses someone else\rquote s land, he should not be liable for the creation of a nuisance in the same way as an adjourning occupier would be.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3030063\charrsid7749836 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5715267\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3030063\charrsid7749836 There are no facts pleaded in the amended statement of claim and the re was no evidence before the Court to suggest that the defendants had committed any act or caused any event to occur on 17 April 2001 that affected the property, even assuming that the Plaintiff had a right to occupy or a right to }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 possession of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3030063\charrsid7749836 the property as against the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 F}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3030063\charrsid7749836 irst }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 D}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3030063\charrsid7749836 efendant.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3030063\charrsid7749836 The Plaintiff has not established his claim for damages for nuisance. \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500705\charrsid7749836 The evidence established direct physical interference }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 for}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500705\charrsid7749836 trespass to land and to goods.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500705\charrsid7749836 I have already concluded that the first defendant had a bette r right to possession and that the actions of the defendants were justified.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500705\charrsid7749836 There was however no conduct that would affect or constitute prejudice to the land whilst }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12189736\charrsid7749836 the Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500705\charrsid7749836 was in possession of the property.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3030063\charrsid7749836 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500705\charrsid7749836 \par In conclusion I find that there was no enforceable agreement between the Plaintiff and the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 F}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500705\charrsid7749836 irst }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16058119\charrsid7749836 D}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500705\charrsid7749836 efendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500705\charrsid7749836 The Plaintiff therefore had no right to take possession of the property on 13 April 2001.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500705\charrsid7749836 His removal by the Defendants did not constitute a breach of any agreement, was a justified trespass and did not amount to private nuisance. \par \par The Plaintiff\rquote s claims are dismissed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749836 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500705\charrsid7749836 The Plaintiff is to pay the Defendants\rquote costs on a party party basis to be agreed and if not agreed to be tax}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5715267\charrsid7749836 ed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500705\charrsid7749836 . \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500705\charrsid7749836 W D Calanchini \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500705\charrsid7749836 JUDGE \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7749836 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5715267\charrsid7749836 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12189736\charrsid7749836 19}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500705\charrsid7749836 April 2010 \par At Suva \par }}