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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid922651\charrsid4878852 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx900\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid922651\charrsid4878852 CIVIL ACTION HBC NO. 218 OF 2009
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid922651\charrsid4878852 PLAINTIFF
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid922651\charrsid4878852 FIRST}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852\charrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid922651\charrsid4878852 DEFENDANT
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid922651\charrsid4878852 SECOND DEFENDANT
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\par Mr J Waituruturu with Ms A Lata for the Plaintiff
\par Mr S Kumar for First Defendant
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5447346\charrsid4878852 
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid922651\charrsid4878852 These proceedings were commenced by Writ issued on 23 July 2009}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5447346\charrsid4878852  on behalf of the Plaintiff}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544906\charrsid4878852  by the law firm Lata Law}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid922651\charrsid4878852 .
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5447346\charrsid4878852 
\par A statement of Defence was filed on 25 August 2009 on behalf of the First Defendant by the law firm Sunil Kumar Esq. (the firm).
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16336049\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5447346\charrsid4878852 In her Statement of Claim the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16336049\charrsid4878852 Plaintiff }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5447346\charrsid4878852 pleads that she }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16336049\charrsid4878852 purchased a motor vehicle registered number DW952}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5447346\charrsid4878852 (the vehicle) }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16336049\charrsid4878852 under a Bill of Sale dated 26 October 2005 with the Second Defendant in the sum of $6111,51.
\par 
\par The Plaintiff claims that she subsequently entered into an agreement }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1050048\charrsid4878852 
(evidenced by a sale note dated 17 January 2006) with the First Defendant for the sale of the vehicle to the First Defendant in the sum of $8,373.00.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1050048\charrsid4878852 The Plaintiff also claimed that it was a term of the agreement that the purchase price would be paid by}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620557\charrsid4878852  monthly }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 installments}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620557\charrsid4878852  of $250.00 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1050048\charrsid4878852 
by the First Defendant to the Second Defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1050048\charrsid4878852 It is claimed that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544906\charrsid4878852 t}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1050048\charrsid4878852 ransfer was not to be effected until the purchase price had been paid in full.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16336049\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1050048\charrsid4878852 
\par The Plaintiff claim}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544906\charrsid4878852 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1050048\charrsid4878852 
 that the First Defendant failed to make any payment and arranged for the vehicle to be transferred into his name.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069147\charrsid4878852 T}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1050048\charrsid4878852 he Plaintiff claims that she was induced to enter into the agreement as a result of false representations made by the First Defendant.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069147\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620557\charrsid4878852 
\par In his Defence the First Defendant states that he is the registered proprietor of the vehicle.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620557\charrsid4878852 
He acknowledges that the vehicle has been seized by the Second Defendant and is still in its possession. 
\par 
\par The First Defendant pleads that his father sold a piece of land with dwelling house to the Plaintiff for $60,000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620557\charrsid4878852 
He claims that the Plaintiff paid $50,000 in cash and sold the vehicle to the First Defendant for $10,000.00 thereby paying a consideration of $60,000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620557\charrsid4878852 It is claimed that the First Defendant has been driving and maintaining the vehicle ever since that time.
\par 
\par There are no particulars provided in the Defence as to the contract and/or transfer}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544906\charrsid4878852  in respect of the land, no details as to the location of the land or its title particulars and}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620557\charrsid4878852  no details as to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8136410\charrsid4878852  when the First Defendant became registered as the owner of the vehicle.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3620557\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8136410\charrsid4878852 
\par In her Reply the Plaintiff denies that the vehicle was part of the consideration for the purchase of land.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12743062\charrsid4878852 
\par It }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544906\charrsid4878852 was not disputed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12743062\charrsid4878852  that the vehicle was at some stage seized by the Second Defendant.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12743062\charrsid4878852 This Court then ordered that the vehicle be returned to the custody of the Plaintiff on strict conditions.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12743062\charrsid4878852 Proceedings against the Second Defendant have subsequently been withdrawn.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12743062\charrsid4878852 The Plaintiff has paid out and cleared her debt with the Second Defendant.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069147\charrsid4878852 At an early stage in the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12743062\charrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069147\charrsid4878852 proceeding}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12743062\charrsid4878852 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069147\charrsid4878852  the Plaintiff raised a preliminary issue concerning legal representation of the First Defendant by Mr Sunil Kumar (Kumar).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069147\charrsid4878852 The Plaintiff claimed that Kumar had given }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12743062\charrsid4878852 her }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069147\charrsid4878852 legal advice on issues concerning the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544906\charrsid4878852 vehicle}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069147\charrsid4878852 
 and concerning the liability obligations and rights of the parties under the Bill of Sale.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069147\charrsid4878852 The Plaintiff claimed that }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12743062\charrsid4878852 since she had disclosed confidential information to Kumar his representation of the First Defendant would result in detriment to her by prejudicing her right to a fair hearing}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6359982\charrsid4878852 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1069147\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12743062\charrsid4878852 
\par The issues are whether }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13893811\charrsid4878852 Kumar }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756520\charrsid4878852 has }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13893811\charrsid4878852 
acted for both parties at the same time or whether }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12743062\charrsid4878852 Kumar acted }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544906\charrsid4878852 first}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12743062\charrsid4878852  for the Plaintiff and then for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544906\charrsid4878852 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12743062\charrsid4878852 First Defendant}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13893811\charrsid4878852 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13893811\charrsid4878852 I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12743062\charrsid4878852 f }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15601046\charrsid4878852 the latter,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13893811\charrsid4878852  does }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12743062\charrsid4878852 
that constitute a breach of the duty that he owed to the Plaintiff }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3697025\charrsid4878852 as a former client.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12743062\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6359982\charrsid4878852 
\par Th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544906\charrsid4878852 is}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6359982\charrsid4878852  preliminary issue was not the subject of a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544906\charrsid4878852 n}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6359982\charrsid4878852  application}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544906\charrsid4878852  by summons}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6359982\charrsid4878852 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6359982\charrsid4878852 However the parties sought leave to file affidavit material in relation to the issue.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6359982\charrsid4878852 As a result the Plaintiff filed an affidavit sworn by Hussan Bano on 18 August 2009 in support of her claim that Kumar }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544906\charrsid4878852 
should not be acting for the First Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6359982\charrsid4878852 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6359982\charrsid4878852 
An answering affidavit sworn by Bed Wati Kumar on 24 August 2009 was filed on behalf of Kumar.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6359982\charrsid4878852 
The Plaintiff filed an affidavit in reply on 16 September 2009.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6359982\charrsid4878852 
\par 
\par The hearing of the preliminary issue was fixed for 8 October 2009.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6359982\charrsid4878852 
On that day there was no appearance by the Plaintiff and the application was relisted for mention on 30 October 2009.
\par 
\par The application was subsequently relisted for mention on 4 December 2009 at the request of the parties.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6359982\charrsid4878852 
On that day the parties were directed to present oral submissions on 8 February 2010.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6359982\charrsid4878852 On that day Counsel for the Plaintiff applied
 for the hearing date to be vacated.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6359982\charrsid4878852 The application was opposed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6359982\charrsid4878852 After hearing Counsel I ordered that the date be vacated, the application be listed for mention on 12 February 2010 and the Plaintiff pay to the First Defendant the sum of $150 as costs thro
wn away within 14 days.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15817726\charrsid4878852 
\par The hearing of the application took place on 15 February 2010.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15817726\charrsid4878852 The parties made detailed submissions in relation to the}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3631742\charrsid4878852  relevant facts and somewhat less than detailed submissions}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8849007\charrsid4878852  on both the statutory legal practice Rules and the p
osition at common law.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15817726\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3697025\charrsid4878852 
\par Although the Plaintiff based }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544906\charrsid4878852 her}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3697025\charrsid4878852  application on }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544906\charrsid4878852 what }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3697025\charrsid4878852 Counsel referred to as a conflict of interest, that conflict could strictly only arise in the event that there was a finding of fact that Kumar or his firm were acting for both th
e Plaintiff and the First Defendant at the same time and in the same matter.
\par 
\par On the other hand, if the Plaintiff is raising her objection on the basis that she was a former client then the issue is different.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3697025\charrsid4878852 
The Court will be concerned more with the risk of disclosure of confidential information.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8849007\charrsid4878852 
\par In her affidavit the Plaintiff states that the sale }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12407526\charrsid4878852 note }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 eviden}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544906\charrsid4878852 cing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12407526\charrsid4878852 
 the agreement between herself and the First Defendant was prepared by a Mr Rafiq Khan (now deceased) when he was employed as a law clerk by the firm of Messrs Eroni Veretawatini.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12407526\charrsid4878852 She stated that she }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756520\charrsid4878852 subsequently }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12407526\charrsid4878852 
contacted Rafiq Khan when she became aware that the First Defendant had arranged to transfer the vehicle into his name.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12407526\charrsid4878852 
By that time Rafiq Khan was employed by the firm.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8849007\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12407526\charrsid4878852 
\par Although there }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544906\charrsid4878852 is no}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12407526\charrsid4878852  date stated, the Plaintiff }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2830375\charrsid4878852 claims}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12407526\charrsid4878852  that she }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2830375\charrsid4878852 sought }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 advice}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2830375\charrsid4878852  from }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12407526\charrsid4878852 Kumar when}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6240266\charrsid4878852  Rafiq Khan showed Kumar the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544906\charrsid4878852 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6240266\charrsid4878852 ale }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544906\charrsid4878852 n}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6240266\charrsid4878852 ote}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13323467\charrsid4878852 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13323467\charrsid4878852 
She states that she sought}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544906\charrsid4878852  and received}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13323467\charrsid4878852  legal advice}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2830375\charrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13323467\charrsid4878852 from Kumar on the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544906\charrsid4878852 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13323467\charrsid4878852 ale }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544906\charrsid4878852 n}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13323467\charrsid4878852 ote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2830375\charrsid4878852 and the Bill of Sale.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6240266\charrsid4878852 She does not state }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544906\charrsid4878852 over what period the advice}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6240266\charrsid4878852  was given.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6240266\charrsid4878852 She gives no indication about any arrangement as to what fees }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13323467\charrsid4878852 were }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6240266\charrsid4878852 to be charged}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3544906\charrsid4878852  for this retainer}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6240266\charrsid4878852 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6240266\charrsid4878852 
The substance of the advice appears to be stated in paragraph 8 of her affidavit as follows:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12407526\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13323467\charrsid4878852 
\par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6240266\charrsid4878852 8.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6240266\charrsid4878852 That Barrister & Solicitor Mr Sunil Kumar from Sunil Kumar Esquire had advised me that the 2nd
 Defendant can sell the vehicle under the Bill of Sale since it was under my name and I can institute legal proceedings against the 1st Defendant and recover the mortgage repayments made by me while the vehicle was in possession of the First Defendant.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6240266\charrsid4878852 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13323467\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6240266\charrsid4878852 The Plaintiff claims that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126240\charrsid4878852 she subsequently}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6240266\charrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13323467\charrsid4878852 urg}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6240266\charrsid4878852 ed the Second Defendant to repossess the vehicle.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6240266\charrsid4878852 It would also appear that pursuant to arrangements made under the agreement between the Plaintiff and the First Defendant, the First Defendant had the use of the
 vehicle for business purposes from the date of the sale note (17 January 2006) up until the time it was seized by the Second Defendant.
\par 
\par The Plaintiff claims in her affidavit that the First Defendant then }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756520\charrsid4878852 retained}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6240266\charrsid4878852  Kumar who proceeded to corre
spond with the Second Defendant on the issue of the repossession of the vehicle.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6240266\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4921200\charrsid4878852 
\par In the answering affidavit, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756520\charrsid4878852 Bed Wati Kumar}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4921200\charrsid4878852 
 (the wife of Kumar) denies that any advice was given to the Plaintiff as claimed and denies the contents of paragraph 9.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4921200\charrsid4878852 I have so
me difficulty with the blanket denial of the contents of paragraph 9.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4921200\charrsid4878852 
If the deponent is denying that Kumar wrote a letter on behalf of the First Defendant to the Second Defendant, the truth of the matter could have been ascertained through the Second Defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4921200\charrsid4878852 Unfortunately, proceedings against the Second Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126240\charrsid4878852  were discontinued}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4921200\charrsid4878852  by notice dated 16 November 2009.
\par 
\par It is not explained by the Plaintiff how she became aware that Kumar had written a letter to the Second Defendant on behalf of the First Defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4921200\charrsid4878852 The Plaintiff does claim that she approached Kumar about the letter and that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1318920\charrsid4878852 the}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4921200\charrsid4878852  explanation }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1318920\charrsid4878852 he gave }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4921200\charrsid4878852 was }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4921200\charrsid4878852 not correct}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4921200\charrsid4878852 .
\par 
\par The Plaintiff states that any fees that are owed to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1318920\charrsid4878852 the firm}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4921200\charrsid4878852 
 are owed by her daughter for representation by Kumar in her divorce proceedings.
\par In paragraph 14 the Plaintiff states:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4921200\charrsid4878852 14.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4921200\charrsid4878852 
That I am however concerned that Mr Sunil Kumar by representing the 1st Defendant has acted against my best interests since I was his client prior to the 1st Defendant notwithstanding that he had represented me in my other legal matt}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1318920\charrsid4878852 ers.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1318920\charrsid4878852 
I also have disclosed privileged information which is confidential and I believe he could use his information against me in any case and this would weaken and prejudice my case.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4921200\charrsid4878852 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1318920\charrsid4878852 No further details were provided in relation to any of the claims made in that paragraph.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1318920\charrsid4878852 It is not clear whether the reference to confidential information was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6712583\charrsid4878852 
a reference to information concerning the vehicle and issues arising under the agreement}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13893811\charrsid4878852 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6712583\charrsid4878852  with b
oth the Defendants or was a reference to information }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13893811\charrsid4878852 concerning}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6712583\charrsid4878852  her unrelated legal matters.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1318920\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15801030\charrsid4878852 
\par In the answering affidavit, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756520\charrsid4878852 Bed Wati Kumar}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15801030\charrsid4878852  points out that the firm only commenced practice on and from 23 November 200}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126240\charrsid4878852 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15801030\charrsid4878852  as prior to that date Sunil Kumar was a Resident Magistrate sitting in Labasa.
\par 
\par The Deponent acknowledges that the firm acted for the Plaintiff in two unrelated matters.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15801030\charrsid4878852 
One was an application under section 169 of the Land Transfer Act Cap 131 and the other matter was a family law matter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15801030\charrsid4878852 Both ma
tters have been finalized and it is claimed that the Plaintiff owes the firm a balance of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126240\charrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15801030\charrsid4878852 $675.00 in respect of those files.

\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756520\charrsid4878852 Bed Wati Kumar}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7429832\charrsid4878852 
 states that an invoice was forwarded to the Plaintiff for that amount together with a letter indicating that payment was required within two weeks in default of which the firm will no longer be acting as her legal practitioner.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7429832\charrsid4878852 
It is claimed that payment was not made and that as a result the Plaintiff ceased to be a client of the firm with effect from 25 November 2008.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15801030\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7429832\charrsid4878852 The Deponent states that since she joined the firm on 18 June 2008, at no time has the Plaintiff given any instructions to or spoken }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126240\charrsid4878852 with}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7429832\charrsid4878852  Kumar about the present case.
\par 
\par In her reply affidavit the Plaintiff acknowledges that she gave instructions in respect of her section 169 application some time after 23 November 2007.
\par 
\par The Plaintiff also acknowledges that Kumar provided }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126240\charrsid4878852 her}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7429832\charrsid4878852 
 with legal representation in both the section 169 application and the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126240\charrsid4878852 family law}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7429832\charrsid4878852  matter.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7429832\charrsid4878852 She points out that the Deponent of Kumar\rquote s answering affidavit was not employed by the firm at the time those legal }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126240\charrsid4878852 services}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7429832\charrsid4878852  were provided to her.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7429832\charrsid4878852 The Plaintiff also acknowledges that Kumar appeared on behalf of the Plaintiff\rquote s daughter in a bail matter and wrote letters on property matters to two Banks.
\par 
\par The Plaintiff admits that both the matters in which the firm had acted for her are now finalized.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7429832\charrsid4878852 She denies owing any fees.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7429832\charrsid4878852 She gives}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12128553\charrsid4878852  no details of any account that she might have received and/or
 paid in respect of the work done by the firm in those two matters.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12128553\charrsid4878852 It was not suggested that the firm had acted pro bono.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12128553\charrsid4878852 The Plaintiff claims that it is her daughter who owes some money to the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126240\charrsid4878852 
firm for}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12128553\charrsid4878852  unpaid fees.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7429832\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12128553\charrsid4878852 
\par The Plaintiff denies receiving any invoice and presumably any letter accompanying the invoice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12128553\charrsid4878852 
The Plaintiff states that Kumar provided legal representation for her daughter\rquote s bail application on 24 February 2009 at Nausori Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12128553\charrsid4878852 She states that she hired Kumar to appear for her daughter in the bail application.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12128553\charrsid4878852 She maintains that she shared knowledge and information about the present mater with Kumar when he acted for her in the other matters.
\par 
\par Having read the affidavits filed by the parties and having considered the submissions by Counsel I set out briefly my findings of fact.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13893811\charrsid4878852 I find that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12128553\charrsid4878852 Kumar commenced legal practice under the name Sunil Kumar Esq. on or about 23 November 2007.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12128553\charrsid4878852 Some time after that Mr Rafiq Khan commenced employment with the firm.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13893811\charrsid4878852 S}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12128553\charrsid4878852 ome time after }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13893811\charrsid4878852 that }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12128553\charrsid4878852 the Plaintiff contacted Mr Rafiq Khan and attended at the office of the firm.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12128553\charrsid4878852 At some stage Kumar gave advice to the Plaintiff on issues involving the vehicle.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12128553\charrsid4878852 There was no account rendered for that advice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13893811\charrsid4878852 At the same time t}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12128553\charrsid4878852 he firm }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13893811\charrsid4878852 was acting }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12128553\charrsid4878852 for the Plaintiff in a section 
169 application and in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126240\charrsid4878852 family law}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12128553\charrsid4878852  proceedings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12128553\charrsid4878852 There were no dates provided by either the Plaintiff or Kumar as to when these services were provided but both agreed the services were provided.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1539567\charrsid4878852 
\par An invoice claiming a balance of $675.00 dated 11 November 2008 indicates that the services were provided between April and September 2008.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1539567\charrsid4878852 
Kumar has also acted for the Plaintiff\rquote s daughter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126240\charrsid4878852 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1539567\charrsid4878852 From an affidavit sworn by the Plaintiff on 17 July 2009 it is apparent that as at 1 November 2007 the Plaintiff had engaged the services of the law firm known as Rams Law.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1539567\charrsid4878852 
That firm wrote a letter to the Second Defendant on instructions from the Plaintiff requesting that the vehicle not be seized by the Second Defendant due to a breach of the Bill of Sale by the Plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1539567\charrsid4878852 The letter states that there were good reasons why the Plaintiff had agreed to the transfer of the vehicle into the name of the First Defendant without the Second Defendant\rquote s consent.

\par 
\par In a letter dated 27 April 2009 the law firm Nands Law (apparently formerly Rams Law) wrote a letter to the Second Defendant, again on instructions from the Plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1539567\charrsid4878852 The version of events in this second letter is different from the contents in the first letter.
\par 
\par For the purposes of the present application it is clear that the Plaintiff had }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756520\charrsid4878852 retained}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1539567\charrsid4878852  another firm }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15601046\charrsid4878852 of Solicitors }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1539567\charrsid4878852 to represent her in the dispute}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13893811\charrsid4878852 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1539567\charrsid4878852  with the Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13893811\charrsid4878852 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1539567\charrsid4878852  over the vehicle.
\par 
\par The Plaintiff wrote a letter dated 25 March 2009 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126240\charrsid4878852 urging}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1539567\charrsid4878852 
 the Second Defendant to seize vehicle which was at that time in the possession of the First Defendant.
\par 
\par I am satisfied that Kumar did give advice to the Plaintiff about issues arising over the vehicle and that the advice was in response to questions raised by the Plaintiff and was given incidentally whilst he was representing the Pla
intiff in two other unrelated matters.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756520\charrsid4878852 Clearly,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15601046\charrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1539567\charrsid4878852 the advice given by Kumar to the Plaintiff }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13893811\charrsid4878852 must have been }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756520\charrsid4878852 based on}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13893811\charrsid4878852 
 information about the matter received from the Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1539567\charrsid4878852 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13893811\charrsid4878852 Furthermore}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126240\charrsid4878852 , I }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756520\charrsid4878852 have concluded}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1539567\charrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6968192\charrsid4878852 that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126240\charrsid4878852 information}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6968192\charrsid4878852  given by the Plaintiff }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126240\charrsid4878852 to Kumar }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13893811\charrsid4878852 when he acted for her in}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6968192\charrsid4878852  the unrelated matters }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756520\charrsid4878852 may}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6968192\charrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13893811\charrsid4878852 also be relevant}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6968192\charrsid4878852  to the present matter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756520\charrsid4878852 It is clear}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6968192\charrsid4878852  Rams Law and then Nands Law }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126240\charrsid4878852 and now Lata Law }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6968192\charrsid4878852 have }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13893811\charrsid4878852 also }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256016\charrsid4878852 represented the interests of the Plaintiff in her dispute with the Defendants in relation to the motor vehicle.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256016\charrsid4878852 I am satisfied that Kumar }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756520\charrsid4878852 has never acted }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256016\charrsid4878852 for both the Plaintiff and the First Defendant at the same time.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6378068\charrsid4878852 However}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126240\charrsid4878852  the firm did }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6378068\charrsid4878852 act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126240\charrsid4878852  for the Plaintiff\rquote 
s daughter and the First Defendant at the same time but in unrelated matters.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1539567\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256016\charrsid4878852 
\par The Legal Practitioners Decree 2009 (the Decree) regulates the legal profession in Fiji}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12264201\charrsid4878852 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4001277\charrsid4878852 The Schedule to the Decree sets out }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4001277\charrsid4878852 
Rules of Professional Conduct and Practice}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4001277\charrsid4878852 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4001277\charrsid4878852 The following Rules are relevant to be present application:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256016\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4001277\charrsid4878852 
\par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10821809\charrsid4878852 Chapter 1 \endash 
 Relations with Clients}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4001277\charrsid4878852 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10821809\charrsid4878852 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid10821809\charrsid4878852 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.1.\tab}}\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid4878852 {
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10821809\charrsid4878852 A practitioner shall not abuse the relationship of confidence and trust with a client.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10821809\charrsid4878852 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid10821809\charrsid4878852 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.2.\tab}}\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid4878852 {
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10821809\charrsid4878852 A party (this is an error }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756520\charrsid4878852 and}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10821809\charrsid4878852  should read }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10821809\charrsid4878852 a practitioner}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10821809\charrsid4878852 ) shall not act for more than one party in the same matter without the prior consent of all parties.
\par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2698417 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10821809\charrsid4878852 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid10821809\charrsid4878852 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.3.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid4878852 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10821809\charrsid4878852 On becoming aware of a conflict of interest between clients a practitioner shall forthwith:
\par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4878852 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10821809\charrsid4878852 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid10821809\charrsid4878852 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4878852 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10821809\charrsid4878852 advise all clients involved in the matter of the situation
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10821809\charrsid4878852 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid10821809\charrsid4878852 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4878852 {
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10821809\charrsid4878852 continue acting for all clients only with the consent of all clients and only if no actual conflict has occurred
\par }\pard\plain \s19\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4878852 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10821809\charrsid4878852 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid10821809\charrsid4878852 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid4878852 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10821809\charrsid4878852 decline to act further for any party where so acting would disadvantage any one or more of the clients.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756520\charrsid4878852 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid2107882\charrsid4878852 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.4.\tab}}\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid4878852 {
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2107882\charrsid4878852 Information received by a practitioner from or on behalf of a client is confidential and shall not be communicated to others save with the client\rquote 
s consent or where so required by law.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2124755\charrsid4878852 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2107882\charrsid4878852 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langfenp1033\insrsid2107882\charrsid4878852 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.5.\tab}}\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl1\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid4878852 {
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2107882\charrsid4878852 Where a practitioner has received information from or on behalf of a client, a practitioner shall not thereafter act for another client in circumstances where the practitioner\rquote s rec
eipt of such information may result in detriment to the first mentioned client.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2107882\charrsid4878852 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2107882\charrsid4878852 
\par The Decree came into effect on 22 May 2009. Prior to that date, the Legal }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 Practitioners\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2107882\charrsid4878852 
 Act 1997 was the legislation regulating the legal profession in Fiji.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2107882\charrsid4878852 The Schedule to
 that Act contained Rules of Professional Conduct and Practice in identical terms to the Rules quoted above.
\par 
\par These rules are deemed to have been made under section 129 of the Decree for the purposes of commencing disciplinary proceedings against legal practitioners in respect of allegations of professional misconduct or unsatisfactory professional conduct.

\par 
\par The principle stated in Rule 1.1 is fundamental to the duty that a legal practitioner owes to the client.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2107882\charrsid4878852 
It is an obligation that arises during the existence of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126240\charrsid4878852 the fid}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1727935\charrsid4878852 uciary }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2107882\charrsid4878852 relationship of solicitor and client and subsists even when that relationship has ended.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756520\charrsid4878852 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2107882\charrsid4878852 Rules 1.2 and 1.3 do not have any application to the present case in view of my earlier findings.
\par 
\par Rule 1.4 flows from Rule 1.1 when it states that information received by a legal practitioner from or on behalf of a client is confidential.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2107882\charrsid4878852 
That information cannot be communicated to others without the client\rquote s consent or where so required by law.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756520\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2107882\charrsid4878852 Rule 1.5 is relevant to the particular circumstances of this application.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2107882\charrsid4878852 
Where a client has given information to a legal practitioner then that practitioner cannot act for another client when receipt of that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11798344\charrsid4878852 information may result in detriment to the former cli
ent.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11798344\charrsid4878852 A legal practitioner who holds a former client\rquote s information cannot act for a second client if that information might }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1727935\charrsid4878852 have a detrimental effect on}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11798344\charrsid4878852  the former client}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1727935\charrsid4878852 \rquote 
s position}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11798344\charrsid4878852 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11798344\charrsid4878852 
The Rule appears to distinguish between client information the receipt of which would adversely affect the client and client information the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072794\charrsid4878852 
receipt of which would have no adverse effect on the client if a legal practitioner were to act for a subsequent client.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2107882\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072794\charrsid4878852 
\par However }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756520\charrsid4878852 the present proceedings do}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072794\charrsid4878852  not specifically involv
e any allegation of professional misconduct or inappropriate professional behavior under the Decree.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756520\charrsid4878852 T}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072794\charrsid4878852 he question }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756520\charrsid4878852 here is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072794\charrsid4878852 
whether and under what circumstances the Court can or should intervene to prevent a legal practitioner from acting }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756520\charrsid4878852 against}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072794\charrsid4878852 
 a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756520\charrsid4878852 former }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072794\charrsid4878852 client.
\par 
\par The relevant authorities indicate that the common law }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1727935\charrsid4878852 has advanced the cause of protecting}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072794\charrsid4878852 
 confidential information disclosed to a legal practitioner by }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6378068\charrsid4878852 a former}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072794\charrsid4878852  client.
\par 
\par A recent authority in England }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6378068\charrsid4878852 on this subject}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072794\charrsid4878852  is the House of Lords decision in }{
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072794\charrsid4878852 Prince Jefri Bolkiah v. KPMG (a firm}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072794\charrsid4878852 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072794\charrsid4878852 
 [1999] 1 All ER 517.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072794\charrsid4878852 Lord Millett delivered the principal judgment on behalf of the House of Lords and noted at page 525}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6378068\charrsid4878852 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072794\charrsid4878852 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072794\charrsid4878852 
The controlling authority in England hitherto has been the decision of the Court of Appeal in }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072794\charrsid4878852 Rakusen \endash v- Ellis Munday and Clerk}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072794\charrsid4878852  [1912] 1 Ch 831 \'85.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072794\charrsid4878852 
\par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072794\charrsid4878852 
The case is authority for two propositions: (i) that there is no absolute rule of law in England that a solicitor may not act in litigation against a former client; and (ii) that the solicitor may be
 restrained from acting if such a restriction is necessary to avoid a significant risk of the disclosure or misuse of confidential information belonging to the former client.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072794\charrsid4878852 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11428902\charrsid4878852 It should be noted that }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11428902\charrsid4878852 Bolkiah v KPMG}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11428902\charrsid4878852 
 (supra) was concerned with the duties of an accountant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11428902\charrsid4878852 
However the accountant conceded that, since it had provided litigation support services to the Plaintiff, it should be treated in the same way as a solicitor.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1072794\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11428902\charrsid4878852 
\par Lord Millett accepted the proposition at page 526 that:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11428902\charrsid4878852 \'85
 there was no ground on which the court could properly intervene unless two conditions were satisfied: (i) that the solicitor was in possession of information which was confidential to the former client and (ii) that such information wa
s or ought to be relevant to the matter on which he was }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1727935\charrsid4878852 instructed}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11428902\charrsid4878852  by the second client.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11428902\charrsid4878852 \'85 the court\rquote 
s intervention is founded not on the avoidance of any perception of possible impropriety but on the protection of confidential information.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11428902\charrsid4878852 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11428902\charrsid4878852 His Lordship }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1727935\charrsid4878852 considered}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11428902\charrsid4878852  that where the court\rquote 
s intervention is sought by a former client the court\rquote s jurisdiction is based on the continuing duty to preserve the confidentiality of information imp}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11822952\charrsid4878852 
arted during the subsistence of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1727935\charrsid4878852 fi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11822952\charrsid4878852 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1727935\charrsid4878852 u}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11822952\charrsid4878852 ciary relationship between solicitor and client.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11822952\charrsid4878852 
That relationship comes to an end with the termination of the retainer.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11822952\charrsid4878852 Thereafter the solicitor has no obligation to defend }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6378068\charrsid4878852 or}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11822952\charrsid4878852  advance the interests of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756520\charrsid4878852 the}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11822952\charrsid4878852  former client (supra at page 527).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11428902\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11822952\charrsid4878852 
\par Lord Millett then goes on to observe at page 527 (para c) that:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11822952\charrsid4878852 
Accordingly, it is incumbent on a Plaintiff who seeks to restrain (her) former solicitor from acting in a matter for another client to establish (i) that the solicitor is in possession of information which is confidential to (her) and to
 the disclosure of which }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1727935\charrsid4878852 s}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11822952\charrsid4878852 
he has not consented and (ii) that the information is or may be relevant to the new matter in which the interests of the (later) client is or may be adverse to (her) own.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11822952\charrsid4878852 Although the burden of proof is on the plaintiff, it is not a heavy one.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11822952\charrsid4878852 The former may readily be inferred; the latter will often be obvious.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11822952\charrsid4878852 \'85.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11822952\charrsid4878852 
Whether a particular individual is in possession of confidential information is a question of fact which must be proved or inferred from the circumstances of the case .}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11822952\charrsid4878852 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11822952\charrsid4878852 The duty that Lord Millett identified, that is}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6378068\charrsid4878852 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11822952\charrsid4878852 
 the duty to preserve the confidentiality of information disclosed by a former client, is the same obligation that forms the basis of the prohi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9328440\charrsid4878852 bition in Rule 1.5.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11822952\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9328440\charrsid4878852 
\par Lord Millett then proceeds to explain the extent of the duty to preserve the confidentiality of information disclosed by a former client.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9328440\charrsid4878852 
He stated at page 527 (para e) that:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11822952\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9328440\charrsid4878852 
\par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9328440\charrsid4878852 
It is a duty to keep the information confidential, not merely to take all reasonable steps to do so.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9328440\charrsid4878852 
Moreover it is not merely a duty not to communicate the information to a third party.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9328440\charrsid4878852 
It is a duty not to misuse it, that is to say, without the consent of the former client to make any use of it or to cause any use to be made of it by others otherwise than for (her) benefit.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9328440\charrsid4878852 The former client cannot be protected completely from }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 accidental}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9328440\charrsid4878852  or inadvertent disclosure.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9328440\charrsid4878852 
But (she) is entitled to prevent (her) former solicitor from exposing (her) to any avoidable risk; a
nd this includes the increased risk of the use of the information to (her) prejudice arising from the acceptance of instructions to act for another client with an adverse interest in a matter to which the information is or may be relevant .}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9328440\charrsid4878852 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9328440\charrsid4878852 
\par His Lordship concluded at page 528 (para f) by stating:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9328440\charrsid4878852 
I prefer simply to say that the court should intervene unless it is satisfied that there is no risk of disclosure.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9328440\charrsid4878852 
It goes without saying that the risk must be a real one, and not merely }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756520\charrsid4878852 fanciful}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9328440\charrsid4878852  or theoretical.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9328440\charrsid4878852 But it need not be substantial.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6378068\charrsid4878852 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6378068\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9328440\charrsid4878852 And at page 529:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9328440\charrsid4878852 
In my view no solicitor should, without the consent of his former client, accept instructions unless, viewed objectively, his doing so will not increase the risk that information which is confidential to the former client may come into the possession of a
}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15599767\charrsid4878852  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9328440\charrsid4878852 party with an adverse interest.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9328440\charrsid4878852 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10756520\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1250385\charrsid4878852 Furthermore, t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11498282\charrsid4878852 here is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1727935\charrsid4878852 recent authority}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11498282\charrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1250385\charrsid4878852 indicating}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11498282\charrsid4878852  that the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6378068\charrsid4878852 principle goes further}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11498282\charrsid4878852  than }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1250385\charrsid4878852 this restricted}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11498282\charrsid4878852  view that rests on confidential information and its possible misuse.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11498282\charrsid4878852 
The Court of Appeal of the Victorian Supreme Court in }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11498282\charrsid4878852 Spincode Pty Ltd \endash v- Software Pty Ltd and Others}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11498282\charrsid4878852 
 (2001) 4 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1727935\charrsid4878852 V}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11498282\charrsid4878852 R 501 at page 521 para 52 stated:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11498282\charrsid4878852 \'85
 the danger of misuse of confidential information is not the sole touchstone for intervention where a solicitor acts against a former client.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11498282\charrsid4878852 That danger can and usually will warrant intervention, but it is not the only ground.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11498282\charrsid4878852 There are two other possible bas}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16467080\charrsid4878852 i}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11498282\charrsid4878852 
s for an interdict.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11498282\charrsid4878852 In the first place it may be said to be a breach of duty for a solicitor to take up the }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 cadge}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6378068\charrsid4878852 l}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 s}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11498282\charrsid4878852  against a former client in the same or a closely related matter.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11498282\charrsid4878852 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9980417\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7305144\charrsid4878852 The second basis for intervention is where it may be concluded that the situation }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7305144\charrsid4878852 is so offensive to common notions of fairness and justice}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7305144\charrsid4878852 
 that the legal practitioner, should, as an officer of the court, be brought to heal notwithstanding that (he has) not (on the hypothesis) infringed any legal or equitable right.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7305144\charrsid4878852 This }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1727935\charrsid4878852 is based on, amongst other things,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7305144\charrsid4878852  the advantage that a }
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16467080\charrsid4878852 legal practitioner may have by reason of his knowledge of such things as the personalit}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12737000\charrsid4878852 y}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16467080\charrsid4878852  and reactions of the former client and what changes may have taken place as regards }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16467080\charrsid4878852 allegiances}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16467080\charrsid4878852 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16467080\charrsid4878852 (supra at page 524).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11498282\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136467\charrsid4878852 
\par On this point the Court noted at page 525:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li900\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin900\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136467\charrsid4878852 
And in my view the nature and objectives of the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 jurisdiction}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136467\charrsid4878852  which the Court exercises over its office
rs, and the breadth of the discretion, permit regard to be had, not only to the nature of the dispute before litigation ensured, and the former retainer, and the new one, but also to the conduct of the solicitors at all stages.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136467\charrsid4878852 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12737000\charrsid4878852 In}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136467\charrsid4878852  the present application
, the finding that I have made concerning the Plaintiff as a former client requesting and receiving advice from Kumar concerning issues about the vehicle whilst she was a client of the firm }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12737000\charrsid4878852 is}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14158490\charrsid4878852  central to the question whether the court should intervene to prevent the firm and Kumar from acting for the First }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14158490\charrsid4878852 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9136467\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14158490\charrsid4878852 
\par On the balance of probabilities I am satisfied that Kumar is in possession of information which is confidential to the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1250385\charrsid4878852 Plaintiff.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1250385\charrsid4878852 Kumar has admitted}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14158490\charrsid4878852  act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1250385\charrsid4878852 ing}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14158490\charrsid4878852  for her in two matters, albeit unrelated, and I }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12737000\charrsid4878852 have}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437801\charrsid4878852 
 concluded}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14158490\charrsid4878852  that he was requested to give advice and did give advice to the Plaintiff }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 concerning}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14158490\charrsid4878852  issues involving the vehicle.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437801\charrsid4878852 I am satisfied that during the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1250385\charrsid4878852 course}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437801\charrsid4878852  of the retainer and when she requested advice from Kumar, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1250385\charrsid4878852 the Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437801\charrsid4878852  disclosed confidential information.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14158490\charrsid4878852 I also find as an inescapable inference that at least some of that confidential information is or may be relevant to the matter in which the interests of the First Defendant as the new }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437801\charrsid4878852 or present }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14158490\charrsid4878852 client are adverse to the Plaintiff\rquote s interests as the former client.
\par 
\par I have concluded, as a result, that there is a danger that the information will be misused in the sense that without her consent, the information will be used or allowed to be used otherwise than for her benefit.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14158490\charrsid4878852 
The Plaintiff is entitled to prevent her former solicitor from exposing her to any avoidable risk including the risk of using that information to her prejudice}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437801\charrsid4878852  or disadvantage}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14158490\charrsid4878852 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14158490\charrsid4878852 The prejudice}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437801\charrsid4878852  or disadvantage}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14158490\charrsid4878852  arises as a result of Kumar accepting instruction
s to act for another client with an opposing interest in litigation to which the information may be relevant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14158490\charrsid4878852 
There is a real risk of misuse of that information.
\par 
\par Furthermore, I am }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 satisfied}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14158490\charrsid4878852  that Kumar was made aware at the time he gave advice}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15601046\charrsid4878852  about the vehicle}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14158490\charrsid4878852  to the Plaintiff that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15601046\charrsid4878852 she}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14158490\charrsid4878852  was in dispute with the First Defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14158490\charrsid4878852 
I find that for Kumar to subsequently accept instructions from the First Defendant to act in a matter where his former client was the new client\rquote s adversary is sufficiently offensive to }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437801\charrsid4878852 th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14158490\charrsid4878852 e common notions of fairness and justice that Kumar, as an }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 officer}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14158490\charrsid4878852  of the Court, should be enjoined and accordingly prevented from acting for the First Defendant.
\par 
\par In reaching this conclusion, I do not consider }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437801\charrsid4878852 that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14158490\charrsid4878852 the Plaintiff\rquote s position in the substantive dispute }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437801\charrsid4878852 is}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14158490\charrsid4878852  more or less meritorious }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 than}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14158490\charrsid4878852  the First }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 Defendant\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14158490\charrsid4878852  position.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14158490\charrsid4878852 The affidavit material filed by the Plaintiff to date reveals inconsistenc}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437801\charrsid4878852 
ies}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14158490\charrsid4878852  which will no doubt be the subject of detailed examination in the course of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 substantive hearing.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14158490\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 
\par However in the interests of fairness, justice and transparency, Kumar and his firm cannot under the circumstances continue to act for the First Defendant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 The application is granted.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4878852  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 The costs of the application 
are to be costs in the cause.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 W D Calanchini
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid4878852 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1250385\charrsid4878852 26 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14168095\charrsid4878852 March 2010
\par At Suva
\par }}