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\fs22\lang5129\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 AT LAUTOKA \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 CIVIL JURISDICTION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 APPEAL NO.HBA 0005 OF 2000 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ORIGINAL MAGISTRATES \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 COURT MATRIMONIAL CAUSE \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 NO. 18\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 OF 1999 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 BETWEEN:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 MUKESH KUMAR\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 f/n Ram Kumar of Ravouvou Street, Lautoka Fiji Managing Director \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 APPELLANT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 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& Associates \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Applicant/Respondent \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 No Appearance \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0 Respondent/Appellant \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 RULING \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 INTRODUCTION \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 1. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In Novembe\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 r 1999, th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e Lautoka Magistrates Court granted \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ten orders altogether\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on a petition for disso\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 lution of \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the marriage of \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Vijayanti Mala \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Mala\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ) and Mukesh Kumar (\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Mukesh \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ). \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Amongst the orders granted, \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 were an order that Kumar transfer the title of \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the matrimo \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 nial \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 property at 8 Cumpoy Place (\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 NL 21213\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0 on Lot 1 on SO704, Namoli sub-division, Vitogo, Ba \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ) to Mala within 28 days\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ;\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 that \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Kumar pay cash settlement to Mala to \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 settle \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 mortgage\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 balance on the property\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ; and that Kumar pays\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 $100 per week in \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 child and sp\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ousal\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 maintenance\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Kumar appealed the Magistrates Court \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Orders but the appeal \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 was dismissed by the High Court in October 2003. \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Kumar\loch\af0\dbch\af36\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 subsequent \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 appeal to the Cour\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 t of Appeal was \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 also \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 dismissed by the Fiji Court of Appeal.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Despite\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 losing both appeals,\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Kum\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ar \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 had \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 remained defiant \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 even up to his death in 2009\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 and \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 never complied with the Orders\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . He \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 wa \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s committed to prison for several weeks \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 in 2007 for his\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 contemptuous non-compliance with the Court Orders\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 2. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 What is before me now i\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s an application by Vijayanti M\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ala seeking to make Charging Order Nisi \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 absolute pursuant to \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Order 50 R\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ule 6\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 of the High Court Rules. \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 3. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 According to paragraph 9 of her submissions, \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 NL 27031\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 was transferred to Mukesh Kumar on 27\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 January 2006. The land was acquired by Mukesh Kumar long af\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ter their marriage was dissolved in 1999 and so is not a matrimonial property.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 A latest search copy of the lease title was supplied to me this morning by Mr. Mishra. \par \par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 BACKGROUND \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 4. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 On 16\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 November 2006, \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Mr. Justice \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 F\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 nnigan granted Charging Orders nisi over\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 NL27031 on an ex-parte Motion filed by Mala pursuant to \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Order 50 Rules 1(2) \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 and\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (3). \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Finnigan J \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ordered that a copy of the order and affidavits filed be served on Kumar \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 and for Kumar to attend Court and show cause \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 why the orders nisi should not be made\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ab\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 solute.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The matter was then adjourned. \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Several adjournments later, n\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 o affidavit was filed. The matter finally landed before \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Ms Justice \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Phillips \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on 8\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 February 2008.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The records will show that\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 twelve\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 adjournments followed \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 between \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 8\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 February\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 2008\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 9 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 A\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 pril 2009\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 all \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on Kumar\hich\f0 \rquote \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s counsels application\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 -\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 but still no affidavit was filed. \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 T\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 reason for the delay in these proceedings becomes obvious on review of other related files pending between Mala and Kumar. It appears that other affidavits and submission\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s and hearings were happening simultaneously before other Courts\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 I am to understand from file records that \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 throughout this time, \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 counsels \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 were \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 embroiled in \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 an on-going clash\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 in other Courts \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 pursuant on \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 committal proceedings\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , the setting aside of committal\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 order, a \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 bail application\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , garnishee proceedings against Bank of Baroda, and charging order proceedings in relation to other properties in Mukesh\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s name\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 5. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 It is noteworthy that on \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 20\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 March 2009, \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Kumar\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s counsel is on record to have submitted before Phil\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 lips J\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 that the process by \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 which Mala had come w\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 as defective\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 as t\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 here were matters of fact in dispute between the parties\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The disputed facts \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 pertain to the calculation of arrears\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 amount\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The matter was then \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 adjourned to 09\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 April 2009\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to allow for Kumar\hich\f0 \rquote \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s counsels to apply formally to Court\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on their challenge\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 6. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The case was again called on 11\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 December 2009 before \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Mr. Justice Inoke. The records \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 show \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 counsels as having \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 consented to an adjournment \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 as the appellant\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (i.e. Kumar)\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 is dead\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . The case was then \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 adjourned to 17\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 December 2009 but \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 was not called as there was no Court sitting due to cyclone Mick. It \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 was\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 called \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 before me \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on 21\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 st\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 January 2010\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . On that day, Mr. Mishra appeared for Mala and demanded a hearing date. Doctor Sahu Khan appeared \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 and confirm\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ed\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 that Kumar is deceased \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 but that \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he had no instructions. \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Mr. Mishra pressed for a hearing date\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 7. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 I note also that t\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 here has also been no formal application filed to challenge the fo \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 rm of proceedings taken by Mala \par \par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 THE LAW \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 8. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 effect of making absol\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ute a charging order nisi was clearly \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 stated by Ms Justice Shameem in }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Public Employees Union v Leweniqila\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [2001] FJHC 78; Hbc0393y.1999s (11 October 2001\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 )\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 : \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The effect of the order would be to make the creditor a secured creditor who must proceed to enfor\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ce the charge to obtain the proceeds of the charge, in order to satisfy the judgment\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 " \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 9. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The making absolute a charging order nisi is purely a matter of discretion for the Courts. In exercising that discretion, the relevant factors to be considered as disc\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ussed by Shameem J in\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 }{ \b\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Public Employees Union v Leweniqila\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 supra \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 )\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 are \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 as follows:}{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In England the Charging Orders Act 1979 provides that the High Court can make a charging order with or without conditions and provides, by virtue of section 1(5) of the Act,\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 that in deciding whether to make a charging order the Court shall consider all the circumstances of the case as in particular the personal circumstances of the debtor and any prejudice to any other creditor. Although this Act does not apply directly to F \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ji, the principles generally guiding the grant of a charging order after the passing of the 1979 Act, provide useful guidelines. These principles, stated by Lord Brandon in }{ \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Roberts Petroleum Ltd. -v- Bernard Kenny Ltd}{\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (1982) 1 WLR 301, are as follows: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 1\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The question of whether a charging order nisi should be made absolute is a matter for the discretion of the Court; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 2.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 burden of showing cause why the order nisi should not be made absolute is on the judgment debtor\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (my emphasis) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 3.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The principles applicable to the exercise of the discretion are those relevant to the grant of a garnishee order nisi; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 4.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The Court should consider all the circumstances of the case including those arising after the order nisi; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 5.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The court sh \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ould consider all the parties including the judgment creditor, the judgment debtor \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 and other unsecured creditors\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In this case the judgment debtor has failed to show me why the order should not be made absolute. Not only does the affidavit of Verenaisi R\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 okovada contain the irregularities pointed to by counsel for the Plaintiff, but it fails to show me how the interests of the creditor (the Plaintiff) can be protected by the course of conduct it recommends. How does allowing her sister to buy the First De \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 f\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 endant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s half-share, help the creditor? Further, the property is valued at substantially less than the total amount of the judgment debt, and the creditor in any event will take limited comfort from the charging order. The affidavit fails to show how Vere \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 n\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 aisi Rokovada now has become part-owner of the property and there is finally no suggestion that there are other unsecured creditors whose interests the court now must consider. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 I find therefore that the First Defendant and his daughter have failed to show \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 me why the charging order should not be made absolute. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The order is therefore made absolute in respect of the First Defendant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s beneficial interests in the property described as Certificate of Lease No. 236585 being Lot 86 on DP 5215 in the province of N\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 aitasiri. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 10. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The burden was obviously on Kumar to show cause why orders nisi should not be made absolute. He was given more than enough time during his lifetime. \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Court had\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 gone \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 out of its way to \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 indulge Mr. Kumar \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 after order nisi was granted\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 He did not \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 respond. I do not suspect that whoever eventually gets to administer his estate will be any more enthusiastic than Mr. Kumar was in showing cause. \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 11. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 S\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 eing that the land involved is on\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 native lease, I had asked Mr. Mishra at the outset whether the consent o\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 f the Native Lands Trust Board must be first had and obtained before any order absolute can be granted on the said property. He submitted that it is not necessary now, as the effect of the order is merely to \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 " \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 upgrade\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Mala\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s interest to one equivalent to t\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 hat of a secured creditor. Prior NLTB consent would only be required before Mala can take any step to sell the land to enforce judgement on the land. But the right to take that course will only follow the granting of an order absolute now. \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 He argues also t\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 hat the making of an order nisi absolute is not a dealing in land which does not require the prior consent of the NLTB. I shall let that issue rest there\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 for the benefit of full argument in another case. \par \par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Fiji Public Trustee Corporation Limited (\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 FPTCL\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ) \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 12. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 T\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 here are \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 o\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 bviously other parties who might stake a beneficial in\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 terest in Kumar\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 estate and the\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 property concerned\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 I asked Mr. Mishra\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 if\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 they \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 need to \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 be \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 join\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ed to avail them an opportunity to \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 show cause why orders absolute should not be granted\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 I r\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 eiterate here my comment in the last line in paragraph 10 above. \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 13. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 I\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 n proceeding with this matter anyway, I was influenced by the submission \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 by Mr. Mishra that no letters of administration or probate has been granted on Kumar\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s estate.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 T\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he reason \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , he says,\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 is because \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 three caveats \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 have \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 been \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 lodged a \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 t the Probate Registry against \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a grant \hich\f0 \endash \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 one of which was lodged by \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Mala herself on behalf of the child of the marriage. \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 For this reason \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0 he has simply notified the Office of the Fiji Public Trustee Corporation \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Limited. \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 14. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 On\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 01\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 st\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 February 2010, the Affidavit of Service of Nitesh Madhwan was filed in Court. It deposes that he had duly served the FPTCL with a true copy of the letter dated 26\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 January 2010. That letter was written by Mishra Prakash & Associates to \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 FPTCL advising that an application would be made in this Court for charging Orders to be made absolute on 29\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 January 2010.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 FPTCL\loch\af0\dbch\af36\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s response dated \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 28\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 January 2010\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 advises\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 we will not take any significant step in this proceeding unless the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 beneficiary approaches us to administer the same\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . Meanwhile, we do not have any record of such instruction nor administration of the same\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 15. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 What remains is that \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Mr. Kumar had not complied with lawful Court orders for some ten years at the time of \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 his dea\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th last year. \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 16. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 What seems to loom ahead is a contest as to who is to, and how he or she is to\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 administer Kumar\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s estate. \par \par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ORDERS \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Charging\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Order\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 nisi over NL27031\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 is hereby ordered to be made absolute. \par \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 I further\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 award costs to Vijayanti Mala whic\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 h I summarily assess at $\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 1,0\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 00-00 (\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 one thousand \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 dollars). \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Anare Tuilevuka \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 MASTER \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13521666 {\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid13521666\charrsid13521666 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 04\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 February 2\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 010.}{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid1972231\charrsid13521666 \par }}