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{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 AT LAUTOKA}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 MISCELLANEOUS JURISDICTION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 MISCELLANEOUS CASE NO. HAM 30 OF 2010 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 BETWEEN: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 TUPOU VUETAKI \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 APPLICANT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 AND \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 THE STATE \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 RESPONDENT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 Date of Hearing:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 29 June 2010 \par Date of Ruling:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 21 July 2010 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 Applicant in Person \par Mr. M. Korovou for the State \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 RULING}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par [1]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 By an informal letter dated 24th May 2010, the applicant applies for a stay of proceedings in respect of a case of robbery with violence and unlawful use of a motor vehicle, more particularly described in the Information in Criminal Case No. HAC 156 of 20 07. \par \par [2]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 The charges laid against him along with 2 others 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{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 Simione Nakailagi, William Drasuna and Tupou Vuetaki with others on the 18th day of July 2007 at Lautoka in the Western Division robbed Mohammed Khan s/o Mohammed Siddiq of cash $2,700, assorted liquor valued at $1,500, assorted mobile phone valued at $2,000, assorted digital camera valued at $2,000 , one DVD deck valued at $1,300 and assorted jewelleries valued at $25,000 to the total value of $33,330.00 and immediately before the time of such robbery did use personal violence to the said Mohammed Khan s/o Mohammed Siddiq. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8470203 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8470203 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 SECOND COUNT}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8470203 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8470203 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 Statement of Offence}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8470203 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8470203 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 UNLAWFUL USE OF MOTOR VEHICLE}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 Contrary to section 292 of the Penal Code, Cap. 17. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8470203 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8470203 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 Particulars of Offence}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8470203 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid8470203 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 Simione Nakailagi, William Drasuna and Tupou Vuetaki with others on the 18th day of July 2007 at Lautoka in the Western Divi sion unlawfully and without colour of right but not as to be guilty of stealing, took to their own use motor vehicle registration number CL 990, the property of Mohammed Khan s/o Mohammed Siddiq. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par [3]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 Unusually the basis of the application for stay is not undue delay but abuse of investigation procedures and in particular the conduct of the identification parade which the applicant submits was conducted }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 in breach of natural justice}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 He claims that his right to a fair trial would be compromised and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 alternatively}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 he would be prejudiced to the extent that a stay is }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 the only exceptional step that the Court should undertake to avoid further injustice}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 . \par \par [4]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 The applicant in his oral submission before me was at pains to point out that he was not relying on de lay as the basis for his application but was relying on the irregular procedures adopted by the Police in the conduct of the identity parade. \par \par [5]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 In his written submission the applicant complains: \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14041015 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 he was forced to confess to a crime he knew nothing about, that force being beaten on the feet whilst tied to a tree; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14041015 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 he gave the Police an alibi (home with wife) and the wife was threatened to deny the alibi; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14041015 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 the investigating officer had fabricated part of his evidence; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iv)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14041015 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 witnesses to the identification parade saw the applicant suspect before the parade and stared at him for a few minutes; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (v)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14041015 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 The other actors on the parade did not resemble the applicant in age, general appearance or position in life; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (vi)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14041015 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 The parade was conducted in an open sided }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 summer house}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 and not a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 normal room}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (vii)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14041015 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 The witnesses to the parade took no time to consider their identification \endash it was perfunctory in the extreme. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par [6]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 In support of these allegations, the accused relies on passages from }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 Archbold}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 (2005 ed.) and numerous cases quoted in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 Archbold}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 He then goes on to rehearse the law of stay in Fiji, (and in particular the prejudice of delay). \par \par [7]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 Counsel for the State file d submissions which were not relevant to the issues raised by the applicant and were therefore singularly unhelpful. \par \par [8]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 None of the grounds raised by the applicant would warrant the exceptional remedy of stay of proceedings.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 They are all issues which hav e neither a foundation of fact nor which cannot be canvassed in a properly conducted trial before the Court with assessors.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 His complaint that he was tied to a tree and made to confess is baseless because during an interview under caution he answered every question by saying: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 I wish to remain silent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 There was no confession.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 The allegations of fabrication and threats to the alibi witness can be canvassed at trial. \par \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 Identification Parade \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par [9]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 The applicant\rquote s reliance on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 Archbold}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 2005 is misconceived.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 Archbold}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 being an English textbook, and an eminently authoritative and respectable text at that, deals of course with the law as it pertains in England.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 The procedures of identification in England are governed by the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, Code D, an act which does not apply in Fiji. \par \par [10]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 The rules governing the procedures to be adopted in conducting identification parades in Fiji have been developed in the common law and there is no doubt that if the witnesses to the parade had been }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 coached}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 then the evidence relating to the parade would be vitiated.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 In the case of }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 R v Davies and Cody}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 (1937) 57 CLR 170}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 the High Court of Australia said: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 A witness who is taken by the Police for the purpose of seeing whether he can identify a person who is in cu stody in relation to a particular crime has in his mind a recollection or impression of the person whom he saw, or, it may be, heard, at the scene of the crime or in relation to some matter which is connected with the crime.}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 The recollection probably relat es to the appearance of the person, and possibly to his mode of standing, moving, or speaking or some other characteristic.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 It is important that this recollection should not be overlaid or in any way affected by suggestions that a particular person in custody is either the person previously seen by the witness or is the person suspected of or charged with the crime.}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 [11]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 Should the applicant\rquote s grounds of complaint be borne out then it is obvious that the identification at the parade would be discredited and the assessors would be so directed. \par \par [12]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 There are two vitally relevant facts to be taken into account in this exercise: \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14041015 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 the applicant is extraordinary in appearance, or certainly was at the time.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 He was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 heavily built}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 "} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 and sported a beard. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14041015 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 the identification parade was held less than 60 hours after the robbery. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par [13]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 It is not for this Court to now analyze the strength of the identification evidence. This is a matter that must be canvassed at trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 The purpose of a trial in an adversary system is to expound the evidence and test it by cross-examination and thereafter for the parties to make submissions as to its merit or otherwise. \par \par [14]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 It is a general rule in the common law that evidence given in the course of the trial and before verdict must be tendered in the presence of the (assessors):}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 R v Reynolds}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 [1950] 1 K.B. 606 at 611}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 ; however where there is an issue as to the admissibility of evidence it may be necessary to hear evidence on a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 voir dire}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 In determining the admissibility of identification parade evidence the Court of Appeal (England) has said that a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 voir dire}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 is inappropriate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 In }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 R v Martin and Nichols}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 [1994] Crim. L.R. 218}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 the Court of Appeal repeated its view that occasions for conducting a trial-within-a-trial would be rare:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 decisions about the admissibility of identification evidence were not generally to be made on the basis of findings by a trial Judge in relation to disputed issues of fact. \par \par [15]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 If needs by and after hearing all re levant evidence on the identification parade, the assessors will be directed appropriately and robustly. \par \par [16]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 The applicant submits that apart from the identification evidence the case against him is inherently weak, and that as such the matter should not go to trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 While it appears on the papers that the submission has no merit, such a submission loses sight of the safeguards in a criminal trial where the accused is protected by his right to make an application of no case to answer at the end of the pro secution case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 After the evidence is aired it is then the time for the accused to invite the Court to stop the case, and not before the trial starts. \par \par [17]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 The present application is, as a result, misconceived.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 A stay is ordered in only the most rare of circumstances and this is not one of them.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 The grounds of the applicant are issues to be vented at trial and ruled upon if need be.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 This course is the fundamental basis of our adversary legal system. \par \par [18]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 The application is refused. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 Paul K. Madigan \par Judge \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14041015 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14041015\charrsid14041015 At Lautoka \par 21 July 2010 \par }}