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\f36\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT SUVA
\par CRIMINAL MISCELLANEOUS JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14951796 {\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14951796 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 CRIMINAL MISCELLANOUS CASE NO: HAM 122 OF 2010
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14951796 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 BETWEEN:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14951796 {\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14951796 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 MIKAELE WAQA}{
\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 APPLICANT
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14951796 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 STATE}{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 RESPONDENT
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\par Hearing: 21st July, 2010.
\par Bail Ruling: 23rd July, 2010.
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid13437346 Counsel:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid13437346  Applicant - Ms. Vaniqi, S
\par Respondent - Ms. Lomani, State Counsel
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14951796 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14951796\charrsid13437346 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14951796 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 BAIL RULING
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14951796 {\f0\fs24\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14951796 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 [1]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 This is an application for bail pending trial in the case bearing No HAC. 101/2010 before High Court in Suva.
\par 
\par [2]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 The accused-applicant, Mikaele Waqa (the applicant), stands charged on two counts for having committe
d the offences of }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437346 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 Aggravated Robbery}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437346 '}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796  punishable}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 
under Sections 311(1)(a) of the Crimes Decree No 44 of 2009. The offences are alleged to have been committed on 23rd April, 2010 with two other accused, who too stand charged in the above case.
\par 
\par [3]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 The cha
rges appear to stem from alleged acts of robbery by the applicant and the other two accused on Jitendra Kumar, SC 1229, a police officer, who was returning home after visiting another police officer, Asbin Nitesh, S/CPL 1238, on off-duty. The property, be
ing police uniform and its accessories, were alleged to have been robbed from the possession of Jitendra Kumar after using force on him and Asbin Nitesh. Jitendra Kumar had sustained hurt. The value of the property has been assessed at $ 621.
\par 
\par [4]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 The appli
cant applies for bail pursuant to an application submitted by him whilst on remand where subjective considerations in the form of inconvenience resulted from his detention on remand have mainly been urged. 
\par 
\par [5]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 The legal basis, however, has been founded o
n Section 3 (5) of the Bail Act, on the premise that the accused is below 18 years of age and that he must be released on bail on that ground. The applicant also relies on the principle that the primary consideration in granting bail is the likelihood of 
the person appearing in court.
\par 
\par [6]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 Learned Counsel, appearing in support of the application of the applicant, relied on the judgement in }{
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 State v Namba}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 
 (unreported: HAC 0012/2000) to emphasize on the point that the seriousness of the charge should not be the decisive factor in determining the issue of bail. 
\par 
\par [7]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 
The State, on the other hand, objected to the application for bail on the ground that the applicant is charged with a very serious offence, and the release of the accused on bail at this stage would
 result in undesired effects of affecting public order and threatening the protection of community.
\par 
\par [8]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 
I have considered contents of the application of the applicant and written-submissions of counsel for the applicant and for the state.
\par 
\par [9]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 The law per
taining to bail is now governed by statutory provisions as contained in the Bail Act of 2002 and the release of an accused person on bail has been made the subject of an objective approach by court depending on facts and circumstances of each case. I, acc
ordingly, hold that the observations made in the case of }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 State v Naba (supra)}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 
 on matters pertaining to bail based on common law principles, as summarized in that case, are inapplicable in present context.
\par 
\par [10]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 Section 3 of the Bail Act states that }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437346 '}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 an accused person has a right to be released on bail\'85}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437346 '}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796  and that }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437346 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 
there is a presumption in favour of the granting of bail\'85}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437346 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796  }
{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 Such phraseology in the section, in my view, does not invest an absolute right on an accused-}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796 
person to get released on bail.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 
\par 
\par [11]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 Conversely, Section 3 contains provisions whereby }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437346 '}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 interests of justice}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437346 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 
 have been declared as a necessary factor to be considered by court in affording }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437346 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 \'85the right to be released on bail\'85
}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437346 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796  to an accused person under the Act. Moreover, the presumption favou
ring the accused could be rebutted by a person opposing the grant of bail by the criteria laid down in Section 18 (1) of the Act, which include the public interest and the protection of community. 
\par 
\par [12]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 While the scheme of the Act provides a basis for a p
erson opposing bail to rebut the presumption favouring an accused-person under Section 18(1) read with section 3 (3) of the Act, I am of the view that court is also invested with power independent of such opposition by a party to consider issues concernin
g }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437346 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 interests of justice}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437346 '}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796  and }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437346 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 public interest}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437346 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796  under Section 3(1), Sections 19 (1) and 19 (2) of the Act.
\par }\pard\plain \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14951796 \fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\cgrid\langnp2057\langfenp2057 {\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 
\par [13]}{\insrsid14951796  }{\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 The above provisions equally apply even to a person under the age of 18 years}{\insrsid14951796  }{\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 in terms of Section 3 (5) of the Act, which reads:}{
\insrsid14951796 
\par }{\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14951796 {\i\insrsid13437346 '}{\i\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 Bail must be granted to an accused person under the age of 18 years, unless-}{
\i\insrsid14951796 
\par }\pard \s17\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14951796 {\i\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14951796 \f36\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 (a) the person has a previous criminal conviction;}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14951796 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14951796 {\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14951796 {\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14951796 (}{
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 b) the person has previously breached a bail undertaking or}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14951796  }{
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 bail condition; or
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14951796 {\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14951796 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14951796 {\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 (c) the offence in question is a serious one.}{
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13437346 '}{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid14951796  
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13437346 {\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe2057\langnp2057\langfenp2057\insrsid13437346\charrsid14951796 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14951796 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 (Emphasis added)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14951796 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 
\par [14]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 
Having taken into account the criteria laid down in the foregoing provisions, I conclude that the circumstances, nature, seriousness of the offence are such that }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437346 '}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 interests of justice}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437346 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796  and }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437346 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 public interests }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437346 '}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 override the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437346 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 right [o
f the applicant] to be released on bail}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13437346 '}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 .
\par 
\par [15]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 
In coming to the above conclusions, I have not lost sight of the provisions of Section 19 (2) (b) with reference to the interests of the accused-person to which court should essentially pay due consideration 
in dealing with an application for bail. However, my consideration of the matters as set-out in Section 19 (2) (b) are outweighed by the demands of interests of justice and public interest as enumerated above.
\par 
\par [16]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 Having considered all the circumstances,
 I hold that the applicant is not entitled to be released on bail. Application is accordingly disallowed and bail is refused.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14951796 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14951796\charrsid14951796 PRIYANTHA NAWANA
\par JUDGE
\par 23.07.2010
\par }}