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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT LAUTOKA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
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\par Plaintiff
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 1st Defendant
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 2nd Defendant
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\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 Judgment of:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 Inoke J.
\par 
\par Counsel Appearing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 Mr. K Kumar for the Plaintiff
\par Mr. F Khan for the 2nd & 3rd Defendants
\par Mr. R Chaudhary for the 4th, 5th & 6th Defendants
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 Solicitors}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
Suresh Maharaj & Associates for the Plaintiff}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 Patel Sharma Lawyers for the 2nd & 3rd Defendants
\par Chaudhary & Associates for the 4th, 5th & 6th Defendants.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 Date of Hearing:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 15 July 2010}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par Date of Judgment:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 19 July 2010}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 INTRODUCTION
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 This is an application by Originating Summons for declarations that the Plaintiff third party insurer is not liable on a third party policy covering a motor vehicle involved in an accident.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 This is because it says the driver of the vehicle was intoxicated at the time of the accident.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 THE APPLICATION
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 The Originating Summons was filed on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 18 November 2009}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 It sought the following orders:
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s20 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid618281 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 A Declaration Order that Sun Insurance Company Limited, the Plaintiff, is entitled to avoid Liability to provide an indemnity against any claim under Third Party Insurance Policy Numbers 
\endash  No. 520327 for vehicle Registration No. DA 776 issued on 18th December, 2007 on the grounds that the 1st Defendant breached the Terms and Conditions of the Policy.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s20 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard\plain \s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid618281 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 A Declaration that the Sun Insurance Company Limited, the Plaintiff is }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 not liable to satisfy}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
 any Judgment that has been or may be entered against the 1st Defendant arising out of the Motor Vehicle collision on 22/01/08, involving Motor Vehicle Registration Numbers DA 776 and DJ 250
 being the subject of the claims in Lautoka High Court Action HBC Number 147/2009.
\par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s20 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid618281 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 That Civil Action Number 147/09 be consolidated with the Action herein and be tried together and also there shall be Stay of Proceedings in High Court Action No. 147/09.
\par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s20 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid618281 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 That the declarations sought herein be determined as a preliminary issue before the substantive hearing of the aforestated Action.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281 
\par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s20 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid618281 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 An Order that the Defendant do pay all the costs of these proceedings to the Plaintiff on a full indemnity basis.
\par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\s20 \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}}\pard \s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid618281 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 Such further or other relief as this Honourable Court may deem just.
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 The Originating Summons was filed pursuant to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 s 11(3)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281  of the }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 Motor Vehicle (Third Party) Insurance Act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281  [Cap 177], which permitted an insurer to seek a declaration of avoidance of l
iability under the third party policy, on the grounds set out in the affidavit in support.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 The affidavit in support said a Mr. Devendra Nair was the registered owner and driver of a motor vehicle with registration number DA776 on the night of 22 January 2008 travelling to Suva.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
The vehicle was involved in an accident on that night with a bus, registration number DJ250, which was carrying fare paying passengers from Suva to Sigatoka.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 The driver of DA776 died in the accident.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
The Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Defendants were passengers in the bus.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
They were injured as a result of the accident and has sued the First, Second and Third Defendant (who are the representative of the deceased driver, the owner of the bus and the driver of t
he bus, respectively) for compensation for their injuries in civil action HBC 149/09 in this Court.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 The Fourth Defendant filed an affidavit in reply in which he denied that the Plaintiff was entitled to be absolved from liability on the basis claimed.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 He disputed the Plaintiff\rquote 
s evidence of intoxication and said far stronger and convincing evidence was required to prove that the driver was intoxicated.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 The vehicle DA776 was covered by a third party insurance policy issued by the insurance company at the time of the accident.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 After the accident the insurance company had carried out an investigation into the accident.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 In a statement to the police, the Third Defendant, the bus driver, said:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid618281 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 Then I went to where the car driver, I found him lying down 
on grass verge I uncovered a cloth covering his face I could felt (sic) smell of liquor out from his body.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 Policy condition 1 (d) provided:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid618281 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
The person insured shall not use the motor vehicle nor shall the owner permit or suffer any person to use such vehicle:
\par \'85
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5516976 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 (d)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 whilst any such person as aforesaid:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid5516976 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 (i)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 is under the influence of intoxicating liquor, or}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid5516976 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 (ii)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 is as a result of age or some physical or mental condition rendered incapable of driving such vehicle with safety.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 THE HEARING
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 The basis on which avoidance of the policy was sought was that the driver was intoxicated.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 It is common ground that if the driver was intoxicated then the policy would be avoided.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 The issue here is whether the evidence of intoxication is sufficient to ground the application.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 At the commencement of the hearing counsel for the Plaintiff sought leave to call the bus driver and another witness to give oral evidence on the issue.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 He had to concede however, that their evidence would not advance his case because they 
would be repeating or confirming what has already been said in the affidavits.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 I therefore, refused him leave to call those witnesses.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 The standard of proof has been decided by the Court of Appeal}{\cs23\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s21\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs23\super\insrsid618281 \chftn }{\insrsid618281  Ward PA, Wood, Ford JJA}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281  in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 Kumar}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281  v }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 Sun Insurance Company Ltd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281  [2005] FJCA 63; ABU0072 of 2004S (11 November 2005) where the court said:
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par }\pard \s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid618281 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 [38] The expression }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 under the influence of intoxicating liquor}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
 in exemption clauses in insurance policies has been held to mean }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 under such influence as to dist
urb the quiet, calm and intelligent exercise of faculties.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281  It has a temporal rather than a causative connection}{
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 : London v. British Merchants Insurance Co Ltd}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 . (1961) 1 WLR 798.
\par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281 
\par }\pard \s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid618281 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 [39] The finding of fact with which this submission is concerned, should not 
be altered upon appeal unless there was an absence of an evidentiary basis for it. The present is such a case since, although the evidence of the admissions made by Peni Kurisou, was received perhaps surprisingly without challenge, it was somewhat equivoc
al and it did not establish the extent of the beer consumed by the driver, or the degree of the effect that it had upon him. To consume liquor is not enough to invoke the exclusion. It was necessary for the insurer to show that the driver was }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 under the influence of intoxicating liquor,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281 "}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
 within the meaning given to that expression, when driving the vehicle at the time of the event giving rise to liability on the part of the owner or driver. The evidence in this case fell short of that required, 
in the light particularly of the time over which the beer was drunk, the time which elapsed between 10pm. and 1.30 am, the lack of evidence of the amount consumed by Kurisou, and the somewhat equivocal nature of the admission.
\par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281 
\par }\pard \s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid618281 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 [40] It may be also observed
 that neither the owner or Kurisou took part in the proceedings. As a result there was no direct evidence on the issue, the proof of which rested upon the insurer.
\par }\pard \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 The owner and driver of vehicle DA776 is deceased.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 The only evidence is that of the bus driver which was that the deceased smelt of liquor.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 The evidence in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 Kumar}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
 was much stronger in that the driver admitted drinking beer yet the Court of Appeal said it as insufficient.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
The evidence in this case therefore falls far short of what is required by law.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
The application for declarations of avoidance must therefore fail.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 The order for consolidation of this action with HBC 147/09L is not appropriate but in any event is now not necessary.
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 COSTS
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 This application involved only the Plaintiff and the 4th, 5th and 6th Defendants.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
Although the 2nd and 3rd Defendants have not been directly involved in the application, they have been served with the application and have not only appeared in support of the other Defendants at the hearing but appea
red in four of the five occasions on which the application was called.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 They too should be awarded costs.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 Also, the outcome of this application concerns them depending on the final result of civil action HBC 147/09L.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 The normal rule applies so the Plaintiff is to pay the costs of the two groups of Defendants which I assess as $1,000 for the 4th, 5th and 6th Defendants and $500 for the 1st and 2nd Defendants.

\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 ORDERS
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 Orders}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281  are therefore as follows:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid618281 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 The Originating Summons filed on 18 November 2009 is dismissed.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid618281 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 The Plaintiff shall pay the costs of $1,000 for the 4th, 5th and 6th Defendants and $500 for the 2nd and 3rd Defendants
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid618281 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid618281\charrsid618281 Sosefo Inoke
\par Judge
\par }}