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\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 BETWEEN: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 SOUTH SEAS CRUISES LIMITED \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Plaintiff \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 AND: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 SAMSUL MODY \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Defendant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid11889884 INTERLOCUTORY JUDGMENT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par Judgment of:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Inoke J. \par \par Counsel Appearing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid3422877 Mr F Haniff for the Plaintiff}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid3422877 Mr E Maopa for the Defendant \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Solicitors}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid3422877 Munro Leys & Co for the Plaintiff}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid3422877 Babu Singh & Assocs for the Defendant \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Date of Hearing:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid3422877 23 June 2010}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par Date of Judgment:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid3422877 30 June 2010}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid11889884 INTRODUCTION \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 This is an application by the Plaintiff for leave to appeal my judgment delivered on 20 April 2010 in which I struck out its interlocutory application and Writ of Summons and awarded costs to the Defendant.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 The Plaintiff also applies for stay of my costs award. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid11889884 JUDGMENT OF 20 APRIL 2010 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 For clarity and completeness I set out what I said in my judgment of 20 April 2010. \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 On }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 20 October 2008}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 the Plaintiff (\'93South Seas Cruises\'94) filed a specially indorsed Writ of Summons against the Defendant (\'93Mody\'94) seeking the following Declaration: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 [i]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 That by reason of the provisions of the Marine Act, 1986 adopting the International Convention Relating to the Limitation of the Liability of Owners of Sea-Going Ships and the Protocol Amending the International Con vention Relating to the Limitation of the Liability of Owners of Sea-Going Ships and pursuant to Section 178(1) of the Marine Act, 1986, it is not answerable in damages beyond Special Drawing Rights of 62,001 converted into Fiji Dollar currency at the tim e of making such Declaration in respect of the injury suffered by the Defendant on 19 February 2006 on board the ship SV Seaspray. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 The action arose out of an incident that happened on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 19 February 2006}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 in which Mody allegedly drank caustic liquid out of a bottle labeled as \'93Water\'94 when he and his family were on the South Seas Cruises vessel \'93SV Seaspray\'94 whilst holidaying in Fiji.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 He suffered chemical burns to his mouth, throat, esophagus and stomach and has now sued South Seas Cruises in the New South Wales Supreme Court in Australia where he was from. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid11889884 THE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY APPLICATION \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 On }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 22 December 2008}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 , South Seas Cruises filed a Summons for Decree of Limitation of Liability (the \'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Limitation Summons}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \'94 ) to limit its liability be seeking the following orders: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 [i]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 That by reason of the provisions of the Marine Act, 1986 adopting the International Convention Relating to the Limitation of the Liability of Owners of Sea-Going Ships and the Protocol Amending the International Convention Relating t o the Limitation of the Liability of Owners of Sea-Going Ships and pursuant to Section 178(1) of the Marine Act, 1986, it is not answerable in damages beyond Special Drawing Rights of 62,001 converted into Fiji Dollar currency at the time of making such D eclaration in respect of the injury suffered by the Defendant on 19 February 2006 on board the ship SV Seaspray. \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 [ii]}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 An Order that the time for filing further pleadings be extended until the hearing and determination of the Plaintiff\rquote s application for decree of limitation of liability. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 [iii]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Costs \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 The application was made pursuant to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 s 178(1)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 of the }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Marine Act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 , }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 1986}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 and the inherent jurisdiction. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid11889884 THE BACKGROUND \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 The application was supported by the affidavit of the Chief Executive Officer of South Seas Cruises.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 I reproduce paragraphs 6 to 11 of his affidavit in which he deposed as to the facts and the reasons why this application was brought: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 6.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 On 19 February 2006, the Defendant, Samsul Mody (\'93Mr Mody\'94), together with his wife Mamtaj Mody, and their child, were paying passengers on a SV Seaspray day cruise offered by SSCL ( \'93the Cruise\'94).}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Further, Mr Mody and his family were holidaying in Fiji and purchased their tickets for the Cruise in Fiji. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 7.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 During the Cruise, it is alleged that Mr Mody consumed caustic liquid stored in a bottle that was labeled as water while on board the SV Seaspray thereby suffering personal injury. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 8.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 I have read the incident report in this matter and as a result of my own investigation, I verily believe that Mr Mody came to drink the caustic liquid in the following circumstances. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 9.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Prior to the incident, the Chef on board the SV Seaspray, Setareki Ratatagia, cleaned the griller with the caustic liquid.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 He had decanted the caustic liquid into an empty water bottle.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 After cleaning the barbeque griller, Mr Ratatagia placed the bottle containing the caustic liquid near the main mast.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 During the Cruise, Mr Mody was having his lunch on board the SV Seaspray near the main mast.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 He had been previously sitting near the main mast drinking water from a bottle that had a label indicating it was water.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Mr Mody picked up the bottle containing the caustic liquid, thinking that it was the bottle of water that he had been drinking from, consumed some of the contents of the bottle containing the caustic liquid thereby causing him personal injury. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 10.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Mr Ratatagia was engaged by SSCL as a Chef because he had cooking experience.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Any ordinary and reasonable person involved in the cooking profession, should, as a matter of common sense, know better than to decant caustic liquid into a water bottle and to leave th e caustic liquid in a water bottle in a popular eating area of the SV Seaspray.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 It is self-evident that Mr Ratatagia should, in the exercise of the reasonable skill which SSCL was entitled to expect from a person engaged as a Chef, have placed the bottle containing the caustic liquid in safe storage. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 11.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 In the premises, SSCL therefore contends that the actions of the Chef in leaving the bottle containing the caustic liquid near the main mast where it could be mistaken by guests on board the SV Seaspray fo r water and the subsequent injury suffered by Mr Mody was without the actual fault or privity of SSCL and therefore it is entitled to limit its liability under the provisions of Marine Act, 1986. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Mody in response largely accepts these facts but says that as far as he observed, Mr Ratatagia was a member of the vessel\rquote s crew.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Mr Ratatagia was negligent and so South Seas Cruises is vicariously liable for the injuries caused by his negligence. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Following the incident of 19 February 2006, Mody made a claim for compensation against South Seas Cruises and on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 22 December 2006}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 , they paid Mody AUD$75,000 and a further sum of AUD$60,000 on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 12 September 2007}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 on a without admission of liability basis, a total of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 AUD$135,000}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 On }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 11 August 2008}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 , Mody issued legal proceedings in the Supreme Court of New South Wales claiming damages for personal injuries for breach of contract and negligence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 South Seas Cruises then applied in that Court for a stay of proceedings on the ground that the Fiji rather than the NSW Court was the appropriate court to decide the claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 The application was dismissed on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 26 November 2008}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 and they have been ordered to defend Mody\rquote s claim in NSW. \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 South Seas Cruises now claims that they have paid more than they were required to pay because of the limitation set by the }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Marine Act}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 under the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 International Convention Relating to the Limitation of the Liability of Owners of Sea-Going Ships}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 and the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Protocol Amending the International Convention Relating to the Limitation of the Liability of Owners of Sea-Going Ships}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 .} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 The amount that South Seas Cruises says they were limited to pay was }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 AUD$115,000}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 (rounded up), that is, an over-payment of AUD$20,000 according to their calculations. \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid11889884 THE HEARING OF THE LIMITATION SUMMONS \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 On }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 30 January 2009}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 , the first call of the Limitation Summons, this Court gave time for the parties to file their affidavit material and set the application down for hearing on 13 March 2009. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 On }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 19 February 2009}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 , Mody filed in NSW an application to restrain South Seas Cruises from continuing or further pursuing these proceedings (the \'93Anti-suit application\'94).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 That application was later dismissed on 20 March 2009. \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Because of the Anti-suit application, this Court adjourned the Limitation application to be heard on }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 27 March 2009}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 by consent.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 The application was heard on that day before another judge but judgment remained outstanding.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 On 18 September 2009, after taking over the carriage of this action, the parties agreed that I deliver the judgment based on the trial judge\rquote s notes and submissions filed by counsel.} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Unfortunately, the Court clerk that was responsible for this file at the time left soon afterwards and the outstanding judgment was not brought to my attention until South Seas Cruises solicitors wrote to the Registry on }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 10 March 2010}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Normally, this judgment would have been delivered much earlier but for this slip and I apologise for the delay. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 I dismissed the application principally because I was of the opinion that the Limitation of Liability Convention adopted by s 177 of the Marine Act only applied to injury caused by collision of vessels and this was not one of those cases.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Since the principal relief sought in the Writ of Summons was the same as that sought in the application I also dismissed the action. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid11889884 THE APPLICATION FOR LEAVE TO APPEAL \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Consequently, the appeal is on whether I was correct in holding that there was no limitation on liability.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Since my judgment is interlocutory, leave to appeal is required. \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 I was informed by counsel for S outh Seas Cruises that an appeal had been lodged in the Court of Appeal against my order dismissing the action because that was a final order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 With respect, that is not correct.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 The law is now quite clear from }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Goundar}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 v}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Minister for Health}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 [2008] FJCA 40; ABU0075.2006S (9 July 2008) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 that the \'93applications approach\'94 is the correct approach.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 It is true that the effect of the order is to end the action but it is nevertheless an interlocutory order which requires leave to appeal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 } {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 The appeal currently lodged in the Court of Appeal is therefore irregular.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 It should not be heard if I am to refuse this application for leave to appeal. \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid11889884 THE LAW ON LEAVE TO APPEAL INTERLOCUTORY ORDERS \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 The law is settled that leave will only be granted in exceptional circumstances:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Kelton Investments Ltd & Ors}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 v}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 CAAF}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 [1995] FJCA 15}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 ; }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Latchan}{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Brothers Ltd}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 v}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 TCB & Ors}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 [1994] Civil Appeal 12/94;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Khan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 v }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Native Land Trust Board}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 [2009] FJHC 272; HBC198.2006L (1 December 2009);}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Narayan}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 v }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Public Employees Union}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 [2010] FJHC 108; HBC161.2009L (8 April 2010). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid11889884 CONSIDERATION OF THE APPLICATION FOR LEAVE TO APPEAL \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Division 2 of Part IX of the }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Marine Act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 , }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 1986}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 is headed \'93Limitation of Liability\'94.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Section 178(1) pursuant to which the original application and action were brought is within Division 2.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Mr Haniff\rquote s submission is that, contrary to my finding, this provision has general application and applies to situations other than those involving collisions of vessels.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 The relevant provisions are as follows: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11889884 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Division 2-Limitation of liability}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11889884 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11889884\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11889884 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Interpretation}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11889884 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11889884 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11889884 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 (Limitation of Liability Convention) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 176.-(1) In this Division, unless the contrary intention appears-}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 "applied provisions of the Convention" means the provision of the Convention that, by virtue of subsection 177(1), have the force of law as part of the law of Fiji;}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 "Convention" means the Limitation of Liability Convention. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 (2) In this Part, except in so far as the contrary intention appears, a word or expression used in this Part and defined in the Convention has the same meaning as in the Convention. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11889884 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Limitation of shipowners' liability \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 177.-.(1) Subject to this Act and to any other law, the provisions of the Limitation of Liability Convention (other than sub-paragraph 1}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 (c)}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 of Article I of the Convention) have the force of law as part of the law of Fiji. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \'85 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11889884 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Application to determine shipowners' liability \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 178.-(1) Where a claim is made against or apprehended by a person in respect of liability of that person which that person may limit in accordance wi th the applied provisions of the Convention he may apply to the Court to determine the limit of his liability in ac}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 cordance with those provisions. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 (2) Where an application is made under subsection (1) the Court may- \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10049996 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 determine the limit of the applicant's liability; and \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10049996 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 make such order or orders as it thinks fit in respect to the constitution, administration and distribution in accordance with the applied provisions of the Convention, of a limitation fund for the payment of claims in respect of which the applicant is so entitled to limit his liability. \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Schedule 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 to the Act contains the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION RELATING TO THE LIMITATION OF THE LIABILITY OF OWNERS OF SEA-GOING SHIPS}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Article 1(1) provides: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 The owner of a sea-going ship may limit his liability in accordance with Article 3 of this Convention in respect of claims arising from any of the following occurrences, unless the occurrence giving rise to the claim resulted from the actual fault or priv ity of the owner: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10049996 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Loss of life of, or personal injury to, any other person being carried in the ship, and loss of or damage to, any property on board the ship; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10049996 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Loss of life, or personal injury to, any other person, whether on land or on water, los s of or damage to any other property or infringement of any rights caused by the act, neglect or default of any person on board the ship whose act, neglect or default the owner is responsible: Provided however that in regard to the act, neglect or default of this last class of person, the owner shall only be entitled to limit his liability when the act, neglect or default is one which occurs in the navigation or the management of the ship or in the loading , carriage or discharge of its cargo or in the emb arkation, carriage or disembarkation of its passengers; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 It is clear from Article 1(1) that even if the Limitation Convention has wide and general application, the owner cannot limit his liability under s 178(1) if \'93 the occurrence giving rise to the claim resulted from the actual fault or privity of the owner\'94 or if the owner is responsible for the \'93act, neglect or default\'94 of the person who caused the personal injury. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 In other words, there must be a prior inquiry into whether there is \'93actual fault or privity of the owner\'94 or \'93an act, neglect or default\'94 for which the owner is responsible.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 That inquiry has not yet taken place in this Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 It is being conducted in the NSW Supreme Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 The limitation argument therefore, in my view, should be taken up in the NSW proceedings and not here.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 When asked, Mr Haniff was not able to tell me whether the point has been raised there or not.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 I do not think that this Court should be used as a means of interfering with or restricting the findings of the court in the NSW proceedings. \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 In this respect, the NSW proceedings are substantially the same as the proceedings in this Court, and I respectfully disagree with the view expressed by Hoeben J of the NSW Supreme Court in the anti-suit application.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 It is my view that this Court is not the appropriate forum.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 I refer to a summary of the law by the Federal Court of Australia in its decision of }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 TS Production LLC}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 v }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Drew Pictures Pty Ltd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 [2008] FCAFC 194 (19 December 2008): \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 FINKELSTEIN J}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \'85 \par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 12 In England the leading case is }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Spiliada Maritime Corporation v Cansulex Ltd }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 [1987] AC 460. There\~Lord\~ Goff said (at 476) that a stay will "be granted on the ground of forum non conveniens}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 where the court is satisfied that there is some other available f orum, having competent jurisdiction, which is the appropriate forum for the trial of the action, i.e. in which the case may be tried more suitably for the interests of all the parties and the ends of justice". This\~test involves two inquiries: (1)\~ is there some available forum with competent jurisdiction that can deal with the dispute; and (2)\~is it more appropriate in the interests of the parties and the ends of justice that the dispute be tried in that other forum. If\~ both inquiries yield a positive answer the proceeding with be stayed unless the plaintiff in the local proceeding establishes that substantial justice will not be done in the appropriate forum: }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Connelly v RTZ Corporation Plc }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 [1997] UKHL 30; [1998] AC 854, 872-874; }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Lubbe v Cape Plc }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 [2000] UKHL 41; [2000] 1\~WLR 1545, 1554-1555. }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 \par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard \s21\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 13 The High Court has adopted a different approach, albeit one that will yield the same result in most cases: }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Voth v Manildra Flour Mills Proprietary Limited }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 [1990] HCA 55; (1990) 171 CLR 538, 558. The\~test in this coun try is whether the forum selected by the plaintiff is clearly inappropriate, rather than whether there is another forum that is clearly more appropriate: }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Oceanic Sun Line Special Shipping Co Inc v Fay }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 [1988] HCA 32; (1988) 165 CLR 197, 247-248 per Deane\~J. One reason Deane\~ J gave (at 252) for departing from the English position was that: "[W]here jurisdiction exists, access to the courts is a right. It\~is not a privilege which can be withdrawn otherwise than in clearly defined circumstances". That\~is to say , the emphasis is on the need to justify a refusal to exercise jurisdiction. }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 \par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 GORDON J (with whom STONE J agreed)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 : \par }\pard \s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard \s22\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \'85 \par }\pard\plain \s21\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 45 The jurisdiction of the Federal Court having been regularly invoked by the appellant, no stay of the proceedings should be ordered by reference to principles of forum non conveniens unless it is demonstrated that this Court is a "clearly inappropriate forum": }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Voth}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \~at 539. \par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard \s21\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 46 As the High Court recently said in }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Puttick v Tenon Ltd (formerly Fletcher Challenge Forests Ltd}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 ) (2008) 250 ALR 582; [2008] HCA 54 at [27]: \par }\pard \s21\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 [A] defendant will ordinarily be entitled to a permanent stay of proceedings instituted against it and regularly served upon it within the jurisdiction, if the defendant persuades the local court that, having regard to the circ umstances of the particular case, and the availability of an alternative foreign forum to whose jurisdiction the defendant is amenable, the local court is a clearly inappropriate forum for determination of the dispute. ... [T]he focus must be }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 upon the inappropriateness of the local court and not the appropriateness or comparative appropriateness of the suggested foreign forum }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 . \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 On either test, it seems to me that this Court is not the appropriate forum for the determination of the question of fault o r privity of South Seas Cruises. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 I note that some doubt was expressed by Hoeben J in the anti-suit application in the NSW Supreme Court as to the ability of South Seas Cruises to raise the Limitation Convention as a defence in the NSW proceedings but the point was not conclusively determined and remained }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 controversial}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 . \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [26]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 The specially endorsed Writ of Summons sought the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 same relief}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 as that sought in the limitation summons.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 The Writ did }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 not}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 seek a finding or declaration of no }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 fault or privity}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 on the part of South Seas Cruises.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Even if it is implicit that this Court had to determine lack of fault or privity, the same determination would have to be conducted first before the limitation summons could be determined and that stood to be determined in a summary way by an analysis of the affidavits.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 As a matter of principle, the principal relief should not be determined summarily.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 I think the limitation summons is misconceived. \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [27]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 For these reasons, I am not persuaded that I was clearly wrong in dismissing the Plaintiff\rquote s limitation application and action.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 There are no special circumstances justifying leave to appeal.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Indeed, I think the circumstances of this case and the duality of proceedings in two different jurisdictions could give rise to diffe rent findings on the same law and facts.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 This is undesirable and therefore requires me to end this action by refusing leave. \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [28]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 In respect of the application for leave to appeal the costs award I have explained the reasons for the exercise of my discretion in my judgment and am not convinced that the Court of Appeal is likely to overturn my award.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 I therefore refuse leave to appeal against my costs award of 20 April 2010. \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid11889884 APPLICATION FOR STAY \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [29]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Leave having been refused there is no need for me to consider or grant the application for stay of my costs order of 20 April 2010. \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid11889884 COSTS OF THIS APPLICATION \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [30]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 The Plaintiff having lost his application for leave and stay should also pay the Defendant\rquote s costs which I summarily fix at $600 to be paid within 28 days. \par }\pard\plain \s22\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid11889884 ORDERS \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [31]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Orders}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 are therefore as follows: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 a. }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 The Plaintiff\rquote s application for leave to appeal and stay filed on 11 May 2010 is dismissed. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996 b. }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 The Plaintiff shall pay the Defendant\rquote s costs of this application of $600 within 28 days. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10049996 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10049996\charrsid10049996 Sosefo Inoke \par Judge}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1972231\charrsid10049996 \par }}