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APPELLATE JURISDICTION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7108459 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7108459 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 CRIMINAL APPEAL NO. HAA 008 OF 2010 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7108459 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7108459 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 BETWEEN: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7108459 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7108459 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 MANOA BALEINAKEBA \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 Appellant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7108459 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7108459 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 AND: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7108459 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7108459 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 THE STATE \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 Respondent \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7108459 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 Appellant in Person \par Ms. L. Tabuakuro for the State \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 Date of Hearing:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 \tab 9 June 2010 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 Date of Judgment:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 \tab 16 June 2010 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7108459 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 JUDGMENT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7108459 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 [1]\tab On the 6th January 2010, in the Lautoka Magistrates\rquote Court, the appellant was convicted on his own plea of the following counts: \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7108459 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 Conspiracy to Commit a Felony contrary to section 385 of the Penal Code, Cap 17. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7108459 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7108459 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 Robbery}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 with Violence contrary to section 293 (1) of the Penal Code, Cap. 17. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7108459 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7108459 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 Wrongful Confinement contrary to sections 253 and 356 of the Penal Code, Cap. 17; and \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7108459 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iv)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7108459 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 Unlawful Use of Motor Vehicle contrary to section 292 of the Penal Code, Cap. 17. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7108459 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 \par [2]\tab The facts agreed by the appellant are that on the 22nd April 2009 in the early evening he was with a group of young men who hired a van in Lautoka City to go to Simla.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 On arrival there they assaulted and tied up the driver and robbed him of cash and his mobile phone and then unlawfully drove the van to Waiyavi. \par \par [3]\tab He was sentenced on the 10th January 2010 as follows: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7108459 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 (i)\tab 12 months}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 (ii)\tab 8 years \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7108459 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 9 months}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iv)\tab}5 months}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7108459 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 \par All these sentences were ordered to be served concurrently. \par \par [4]\tab The appellant has filed a timely appeal against sentence in which he states: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7108459 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 (i)\tab his guilty pleas was not considered; \par (ii)\tab he received no credit for time spent in remand; \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7108459 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 the Magistrate exceeded his jurisdictional power; \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iv)\tab}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 four principles of sentencing}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 were not considered; and \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (v)\tab}His mitigation was not taken into account. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7108459 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 \par [5]\tab A reading of the Magistrate\rquote s sentencing remarks shows that none of these grounds of appeal is made out.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 Each offence was dealt with separately and credit was afforded to the appellant for his guilty plea, his time spent in remand and his meager mitigation. \par \par [6]\tab The appellant devotes much of his written submissions to the Court to the sentence for the robbery count.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 He submits that the Magistrate in taking a starting point o f 5 years and then adding another 5 years of aggravating features, thereby arriving at 10 years (before reducing that further for mitigating circumstances) is wrong in law because 10 years is more than the maximum }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 tariff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 of 4 to 8 years a tariff which he arbitrarily adopts as the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 correct}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 tariff. \par \par [7]\tab A tariff of 4 to 8 years may have at one time been appropriate tariff, but it is certainly no longer.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 In adopting the dicta of the Fiji Court of Appeal in }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 Basa\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 case CA AAU24 OF 2005 The Fiji Courts are n ow following the English line of cases for robbery with violence and not the more lenient New Zealand authorities.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 In the High Court, the tariff is more within the range of 10 to 15 years, and given the jurisdictional restraints of the Magistrates Court, I would venture that the proper tariff there now should be 7 to 10 years. \par \par [8]\tab Even if the appellant were correct in adopting unilaterally a tariff of 4 to 8 years, that would remain a suggested guide and there is nothing improper in the Magistrate exceeding the tariff, especially in the exercise of }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 starting point plus aggravating features}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 . \par \par [9]\tab Although it is not a ground of appeal, the appellant does make a valid point in his written submissions that the offence of conspiracy to commit a felony is superfluous because it is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 repetitive}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 When a group of people commit a robbery, it is obviously by agreement and therefore the conspiracy or agreement is subsumed in the robbery offence.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 It is rather }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 heavy-handed}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 if not duplicitous to charge both offences for the one transaction.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 The sentence is concurrent however and therefore this duplicity doest not affect the outcome. \par \par [10]\tab The appellant was rather fortunate to have received lenient sentences from the learned Magistrate on all four counts; the making o f sentences concurrent was proper because they all arose out of the same transaction and the Magistrate quite correctly stated that sentences passed on other co-accused were irrelevant because their circumstances were different. \par \par [11]\tab None of the appellant\rquote s ground is made out his written submissions find no favour with the Court. \par \tab His appeal against sentence is dismissed. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7108459 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 Paul K. Madigan \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 Judge \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7108459 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459 At Lautoka}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7108459\charrsid7108459 \par 16 June 2010}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1972231\charrsid7108459 \par }}