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\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6625373 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6625373\charrsid6625373 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6625373 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249270\charrsid6625373 MOHAMMED ATIK
\par s/o Mohammed Hanif
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\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249270\charrsid11300489 Mr J. Singh for the State
\par Accused in person
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\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249270\charrsid11499844 [1]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 Madam and Gentlemen assessors; we have now come to 
the stage in the trial where it is my duty to sum up the evidence to you; and to direct you on the law.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 
You will then be required to deliberate together and each of you must give a separate opinion whether the accused is guilty or not guilty of the charge.
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 [2]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 \tab Our }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249270\charrsid11499844 functions have}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14572332\charrsid11499844  been and remain}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844  quite different throughout this trial.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 The law has been my area of responsibility and I must now give you directions as to the law which applies in this case.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 When I do so, you must accept those directions and follow them.
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\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 \tab The facts of this case are your responsibility.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 You will wish to take into account the arguments in the speeches you have heard but you are not bound to accept them.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 Equally, if in the course of my review of the evidence I appear to express an
y views concerning facts, or emphasise a particular aspect of the evidence, do not adopt those views unless you agree with them and if I do not mention something which you think is important you should have regard to it and give it such weight as you thin
k fit.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 When it comes to the facts of this case it is your judgment alone that counts.
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 
\par [4]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 \tab In arriving at your conclusions you must consider only the evidence you heard in this case.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 You must disregard anything you heard from friends, relatives or through any media outlet about this case.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 You must ignore any suggestions or advice made to you by anyone, no matter how well meaning it may be.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 [5]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 \tab 
You must decide this case only on the evidence which has been placed before you that includes witnesses and exhibits which have been produced.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 There will be no more evidence.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 
You are entitled to draw inferences}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14572332\charrsid11499844 ,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 
 that is to come to common sense conclusions based on the evidence which you accept, but you must not speculate about what evidence these may have been or allow yourselves to be drawn into speculation.
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249270\charrsid11499844 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 [6]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 \tab 
In assessing the evidence, you are at liberty to accept the whole of a witness evidence or accept part of it and reject the other part or reject the whole.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 In deciding on the credibility of any witness you should take into account not only what you heard but what you saw.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 You must take into account the manner in which the witness gave evidence.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 Was he or she evasive?}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 
How did he or she stand up to cross examination?}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 You are to ask yourselves was the witness honest and reliable?
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 [7]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 \tab As assessors you were chosen from the community.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 
You, individually and collectively, represent a pool of common sense and experience of human affairs in our community which qualifies you to be judges of the facts in the trial.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 
You are expected and indeed required to use that common sense and experience in your deliberations and in deciding upon any proposition put to you and in evaluating the evidence in this trial.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 You are to ask yourselves whether it accords with common sense or is it contrary to common sense and experience.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2360083\charrsid11499844 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 [8]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 
I ask you to please put aside any feelings of prejudice you may have against certain people and to put aside any sympathy you might feel for anyone connected with the trial.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 This court room has no place for sympathy or prejudices \endash 
 you must arrive at your opinions calmly and dispassionately. In particular in this trial you must not have sympathy for the accused because he is unrepresented. That is his right and it was his choice so to b
e. And in addition, it is no business of your deliberations that }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 the victim}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 
 had deserted her family and run off with another man.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 It I not for us to make moral judgments on people \endash 
 we are to act on the evidence alone.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249270\charrsid11499844 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid6625373 Onus and burden of proof
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 
\par [9]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 \tab In this case, as in every case in Fiji, the prosecution must prove that the defendant is guilty.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 He does not have to prove his innocence.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 
In a criminal trial the burden of proving the defendant\rquote s guilt is on the prosecution.
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 [10]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 \tab How does the prosecution succeed in proving the defendant\rquote s guilt?}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 The answer is \endash  by making you sure of it.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 Nothing less will do.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 
If after considering all the evidence you are sure that the defendant is guilty you must return a verdict of }{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844 "}{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 
Guilty}{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 If you are not sure, your verdict must be }{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844 "}{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 
Not Guilty}{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 .
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249270\charrsid11499844 
\par [11]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 The a}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14572332\charrsid11499844 ccused is facing one charge of a}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 ttempted murder. In directing you on the law it will be helpful for me to first direct you on the offence of murder and then go on to discuss what an attempt is in law.
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249270\charrsid11499844 
\par [12]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3870899\charrsid11499844 Murder is committed when a person by an unlawful act and with malice aforethought causes the de}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9262122\charrsid11499844 a}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3870899\charrsid11499844 th of another person. Now let us look at those elements separately. There is no doubt that the accused in this case is the perso}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14572332\charrsid11499844 n who the State alleges hit Puspa}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3870899\charrsid11499844  with a can
e knife on the head. The accused even admits that himself in his cautioned interview. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3870899\charrsid11499844 Chopping somebody with a cane knife, unless it is in self defence, is definitely an unlawful act. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7733826\charrsid11499844 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249270\charrsid11499844 [13]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7733826\charrsid11499844 The third element that must be proved for the crime of murder i
s that the person who caused the death of another by an unlawful act did so with }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7733826\charrsid11499844 malice aforethought}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7733826\charrsid11499844 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7733826\charrsid11499844 This is an old legal term which describes a particular intention of state of mind.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7733826\charrsid11499844 It is an intention to cause death or very serious harm to the victim 
or knowledge that death or very serious harm would probably be caused, accompanied by indifference whether it is caused or not.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7733826\charrsid11499844 So}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9262122\charrsid11499844  in a case of murder}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7733826\charrsid11499844 
 the prosecution must prove beyond reasonable doubt either that the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9262122\charrsid11499844 accused intended to kill or to do}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7733826\charrsid11499844 serious injury or that he knew }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9262122\charrsid11499844 by chopping}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7733826\charrsid11499844 that death or serious}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9262122\charrsid11499844  harm would probably be caused and not caring he went on to do the}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14572332\charrsid11499844  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9262122\charrsid11499844 unlawful act.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7733826\charrsid11499844 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249270\charrsid11499844 [14] }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 \tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249270\charrsid11499844 In}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7733826\charrsid11499844  thi}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9262122\charrsid11499844 s}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7733826\charrsid11499844 
 case, despite the chopping, death did not eventuate and therefor}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9262122\charrsid11499844 e there can be no murder charge}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1916518\charrsid11499844 .}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9262122\charrsid11499844 H}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7733826\charrsid11499844 ow}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9262122\charrsid11499844 ever if you find that his }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9262122\charrsid11499844 intent}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7733826\charrsid11499844 
 was to commit }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9262122\charrsid11499844 murder and he did acts in order }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7733826\charrsid11499844 to carry that intent out, then you }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9262122\charrsid11499844 c}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7733826\charrsid11499844 an find him guilty of the offence of a}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14572332\charrsid11499844 n attempt to murder.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9262122\charrsid11499844 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2360083\charrsid11499844 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249270\charrsid11499844 [15]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9262122\charrsid11499844 
So what does that mean for you, Madam and Gentlemen?}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5716549\charrsid11499844  I}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1916518\charrsid11499844 t}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5716549\charrsid11499844  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2360083\charrsid11499844 mean}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1916518\charrsid11499844 s}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5716549\charrsid11499844  tha}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9262122\charrsid11499844 t if you find}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14572332\charrsid11499844 
 that this accused did chop Pus}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9262122\charrsid11499844 pa on the head then you will have no trouble in finding that that is an unlawful act. You will the}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1916518\charrsid11499844 n}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9262122\charrsid11499844  go on to determine the accused\rquote s intention in so chopping her head. If you find that in so c}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5716549\charrsid11499844 h}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9262122\charrsid11499844 opping her, he intended to cause her death, or did not care whether death occurred or not}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5716549\charrsid11499844 , then you will find him guilty. In looking at all the circumstances pertaining at the time, and in considering his statements during the cautioned interview (if indeed you find tha}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14572332\charrsid11499844 t he did make those statements)}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249270\charrsid11499844 , if}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5716549\charrsid11499844  you feel that death would be a virtual certainty as a result of the accused\rquote s actions and that the accused appreciated that such was the case, then you will find him guilty. }
{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1447718\charrsid11499844 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5716549\charrsid11499844 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249270\charrsid11499844 [16]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1385106\charrsid11499844 Assuming that you are not satisfied about the intention}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14572332\charrsid11499844  to kill Pus}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1385106\charrsid11499844 
pa, then it is open to you to go on and consider the offence of doing an act to cause grievous harm. Attack with a cane knife is unlawful}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1385106\charrsid11499844 (except in self defence, and }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1916518\charrsid11499844 I will come to that later }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1385106\charrsid11499844 and}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14572332\charrsid11499844  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1385106\charrsid11499844 you c}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14572332\charrsid11499844 an surely not be in any doubt that the injuries to Pus}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1385106\charrsid11499844 
pa amounted to grievous harm. Section 224 of our Penal Code says that any person who does an unlawful act with intent to do grievous (that is serious) harm to a person }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249764\charrsid11499844 
is guilty of the offence. So that is the alternative for you if you find that he had no intent to murder Puspa. 
\par }{\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249764\charrsid11499844 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249764\charrsid6625373 The Evidence}{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249270\charrsid6625373 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6625373\charrsid11499844 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249270\charrsid11499844 [17]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249764\charrsid11499844 The evidence in this trial has been brief and I don\rquote 
t plan to go into it in much detail, but if I don\rquote t cover matters which you think are important, then you will gives those matters the weight that you think fit.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249764\charrsid11499844 We heard a lot of evidence from the Police who told us of going to Elevuka on the report of fighting. When they got there they saw the a}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14572332\charrsid11499844 ccused with }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249764\charrsid11499844 a cane knife in his right hand and dragging a woman in his left hand They saw him 
strike her on the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2360083\charrsid11499844 head,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249764\charrsid11499844  a blow which she defended with her arm, and then saw him once }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9072930\charrsid11499844 again }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249764\charrsid11499844 
hit her on the head, making her bleed. He was tackled from behind forcing him to fall face down onto the stony concrete ground. He was aggressive and struggled to g
et back hold of the knife but the Police party subdued him in a struggle on the ground. Puspa was taken to hospital and the accused to the Ba Police Station where he was interviewed under }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14572332\charrsid11499844 caution and}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6908169\charrsid11499844  made a statement }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14572332\charrsid11499844 in}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6908169\charrsid11499844  answer to charge. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12019286\charrsid11499844 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249270\charrsid11499844 [18]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12019286\charrsid11499844 Kamal Goundar gave evidence as to the taking of the}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12019286\charrsid11499844 
cautioned interview from the accused. He says that the accused was quite co-operative and willing and that his answers were written down word for word as he gave them. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12019286\charrsid11499844 The accused suggests that some of the answers were made up by the Police. That of course is a matter of fact for you to }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8472468\charrsid11499844 decide. You have seen the interview in which he admits hitting her with}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9072930\charrsid11499844  the knife }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8472468\charrsid11499844 on the head, on the arms and the rest I can not recall}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8472468\charrsid11499844 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8472468\charrsid11499844 He then later says at Q.136: }{
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844 "}{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8472468\charrsid11499844 I came to hit Puspa with the cane knife and I don\rquote t care whether she dies or not}{
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844 "}{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8472468\charrsid11499844 . }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8472468\charrsid11499844 This answer, if yo}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2360083\charrsid11499844 u find that he indeed made it, }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8472468\charrsid11499844 might go to assist you with the accused\rquote s}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2360083\charrsid11499844  intention at the time.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11499844  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8472468\charrsid11499844 
We heard from the neighbours who heard the start of the f
ight and alerted the Police. Dr Buinimasi told us that after examining the accused at Ba Mission Hospital on 25th June 2009, she found minor injuries which were consistent with a fall and a struggle on hard stony ground. 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249270\charrsid11499844 
\par [19]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8472468\charrsid11499844 We heard the evidence from the so-called boyfriend of the victim. He told us that he had befriended Puspa Wati at the Lautoka bus }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2360083\charrsid11499844 stand and}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8472468\charrsid11499844 
 then started living with her. He said that the accused told him that Puspa was his sister. The accused denies saying that, but it is a matter fo
r you. The last evidence was from the Doctor who examined the victim Puspa. He says that she had a rather serious injury to the top of her head \endash  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9072930\charrsid11499844 he }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8472468\charrsid11499844 said it was life-threatening because it had gone down to the bone resulting in a fracture of the skull. 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591802\charrsid11499844 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249270\charrsid11499844 [20]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591802\charrsid11499844 At the end of the prosecution case you heard me explain the accused\rquote 
s rights to him. He chose to give sworn evidence from the witness box. After a lot of irrelevant evidence about his wife\rquote s mental and seemingly moral background he finally came to tell
 his side of the events of the 23rd June. He said that there was no argument but that his wife had a loud voice which led others to think that there was an argument. He left the house at o}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 n}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591802\charrsid11499844 e stage and saw 4 to 5 men \endash  he didn\rquote t know who they were; but thou
ght from their attire that they were training. He had}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591802\charrsid11499844 
a knife in his right hand, given to him by his wife in case her current boyfriend came by to cause trouble. He was holding his wife in his left hand when the men started throwing stones and sticks at him. He swung th}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 e knife in self defence but jus}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591802\charrsid11499844 
t then his wife fell in front of him and by accident the knife which he was swinging glanced off her head and on to her hand, causing her the injuries. He said that if he had wanted to kill her, he could have do
ne it much earlier or he could have done it with one swing. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8538560\charrsid11499844 He then fell unconscious}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591802\charrsid11499844  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8538560\charrsid11499844 and they continued to attack him. He said he was taken to the police station where he was continually assaulted and kept in a cell for three days in his underwear. He w
as very cold. As a result of the assaults he was forced to sign his cautioned interview which as you know contains damaging admissions. The damaging answers were fabricated by the Police, while he voluntarily gave the answers which are not damaging.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591802\charrsid11499844 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2360083\charrsid11499844 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249270\charrsid11499844 [21]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8538560\charrsid11499844 Wel}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249270\charrsid11499844 l}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8538560\charrsid11499844  members of the panel, that is the evidence and I now wish to comment on it but will remind you of my earlier direction that whatever I say about the evidence }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249270\charrsid11499844 you do not have to accept: You}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8538560\charrsid11499844  are judges of the fact. You may think that his evidence about the continued as
}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249270\charrsid11499844 saults by the Police are not bo}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8538560\charrsid11499844 rne out by his medical examination \endash 
 that report refers only to facial injuries which the Doctor says could have been generated by contact on falling on the stony ground. I remind you that the accused does not
 have to prove anything. Even if you do not believe a word of his evidence, it is still the obligation of the State to prove to you that he committed this crime.
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249270\charrsid11499844 [22]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8538560\charrsid11499844  The accused has raised the issue of self-defence. If you think that the accused was or 
may have been acting in lawful self defence, he }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 i}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8538560\charrsid11499844 s}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8538560\charrsid11499844 entitled to be found not guilty. Because the prosecution must prove the accused\rquote 
s guilt, it is for the prosecution to prove that he was not acting in lawful self-defence not for the accused to establish that he was; and you }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 must}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8538560\charrsid11499844  consider the matter of self-defence in the light of the situation which the accused honestly believed he faced}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3754114\charrsid11499844 . You must first ask whether he honestly believed that it was necessary to use force to defend himself at all. If you are sure that he did not honestly }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 believe}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3754114\charrsid11499844 
 that it was necessary to use force to defend himself, he cannot have been acting in self-defence, and you need consider this matter no further. But what if you think that he did honestly believe}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9072930\charrsid11499844 d}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3754114\charrsid11499844  or may honestly have b
elieved that it was necessary to use force to defend himself? You must then decide whether}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9072930\charrsid11499844  the type of force he used was }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3754114\charrsid11499844 reasonable. You must take into account both the nature of the attack and what he did. Ask yourselves can the swinging of a cane knife b
e a reasonable defence from the throwing of stones and sticks (if indeed they were being thrown}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 ). Once again, if you think he }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3754114\charrsid11499844 honestly believed that the swinging of the knife was necessary for defence and that the blows on Puspa were accidental then you }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 will}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3754114\charrsid11499844  find him not guilty. 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249270\charrsid11499844 
\par [23]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3754114\charrsid11499844  I must now give you a direction about the cautioned interview. The Prosecution }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 says}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3754114\charrsid11499844  the he made this confession on which you may rely. The accused says that he did not say the inculpatory words and }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 that}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3754114\charrsid11499844  they have been fabricated}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14054070\charrsid11499844 
. You must consider whether the accused did in fact make the admissions. If you are not sure that he }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 did,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14054070\charrsid11499844 
 you must disregard the interview. If however you are sure that he did make it and that it was true, you may take the interview into account when coming to your opinions.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9249270\charrsid11499844 
\par 
\par [24]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8472468\charrsid11499844 Well Madam and Gentlemen: these are the questions for you to decide:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3278151 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6625373\charrsid11499844 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8472468\charrsid11499844 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6625373 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8472468\charrsid11499844 If you do not think that the accused hit Puspa with the cane knife, then you will find him not guilty of any offence; 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6625373 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid14054070\charrsid11499844 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6625373 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14054070\charrsid11499844 If you think it was an accident while he was acting in self defence, you will again find him not guilty of any offence; 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6625373 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8472468\charrsid11499844 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6625373 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8472468\charrsid11499844 If you think that he did strike her with an intention at the time to kill her}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4001459\charrsid11499844 
, then you will find him guilty of attempted murder; }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8472468\charrsid11499844 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6625373 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid4001459\charrsid11499844 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (4)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6625373 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4001459\charrsid11499844 If you think that he did not intend to kill her, but did intend to cause her grievous (i}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 .}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4001459\charrsid11499844 e serious) harm then you will find him guilty of an act causing serious harm. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6625373 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4001459\charrsid11499844 
\par You may now retire. Re-direct Mr}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2360083\charrsid11499844 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4001459\charrsid11499844  Singh?
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6625373 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4001459\charrsid11499844 Paul K. Madigan}{
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1385106\charrsid11499844 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid6625373 Judge
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6625373 {\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6625373\charrsid11499844 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 At }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4001459\charrsid11499844 Lautoka
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3481038\charrsid11499844 10 June 2010}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4001459\charrsid11499844 
\par }}