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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 \f36\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI \par }\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 \f36\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 AT SUVA \par }\pard\plain \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 \f36\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 CRIMINAL JURISDICTION \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 CRIMINAL CASE NO. HAC 068 OF 2009S \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 STATE \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 V}{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 \par }\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 \f36\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 MILIKA VIDEI \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 \par Counsels:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 Ms. J. Cokanasiga for the State \par Ms. S. Vaniqi for the Accused}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 \par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 \par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 Hearings:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 3rd and 4th May, 2010 \par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 Sentencing:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 21st May, 2010 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 SENTENCE}{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 \f36\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 \par 1.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 Milika Videi, you first appeared in this court, on a charge of }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 "} {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 murder}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 , contrary to sections 199 and 200 of the Penal Code, Chapter 17, on 24th July 2009. The matter then went through various pre-trial proceedings, until the beginning of the trial, on 3rd May, 2010. Pursuant to s ection 218 of the Criminal Procedure Decree 2009, your Counsel, on 3rd May 2010, indicated to the court that, you maintained your not guilty plea to the charge of }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 murder}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 , but you were willing to plead guilty to the charge of }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 manslaughter}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 . The prosecutor later consulted her superiors, and the information was later amended to one of }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 manslaughter}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 . \par \par 2.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 The amended information were as follows:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 \par }\pard\plain \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid992774 \f36\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 Statement of Offence}{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid992774 {\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid992774\charrsid1577735 \par }\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid992774 {\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 MANSLAUGHTER}{ \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 : contrary to section 198 and 201 of the Penal Code, Cap.17. \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid992774 {\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 \par }\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid992774 {\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 Particulars of Offence}{ \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 \par }\pard \s18\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid992774 {\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid992774\charrsid1577735 \par }\pard \s18\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid992774 {\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 MILIKA VIDEI}{ \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 on the 13th day of March 2009, at Nailili Settlement, Burerua, Tailevu in the Eastern Division caused the death of her newly born baby boy by an unlawful act that is by strangling him to death. \par }\pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 \f36\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 \par 3.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 In the presence of your Counsel, the amended information was put to you and you}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 understood the same. You then pleaded guilty to the offence. The prosecution then}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 read her summary of facts to the court. It said, on 13th March 2009, you returned to}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 your parent\rquote s residence at Nailili settlement, Burerua. You were 9 months pregnant}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 at the time. At 7am, you had back and abdominal pains. You went to bed after 7pm,}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 after having your dinner. At about 9pm, you had regular labour pains. You then}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 gave birth to a baby boy at 10.30pm, in a bedroom, at your parent\rquote s home. You}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 then cut the umbilical cord with a scissors. The baby boy was alive. \par \par 4.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 You then took off your long sleeved T-shirt, tied the same tightly around the baby\rquote s}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 neck and pulled it tightly. The baby died as a result. You then wrapped the baby}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 boy with your skirt, put the same in a plastic bag, carried it to your outside pit toilet,}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 and threw it inside the same. In the morning, you cleaned yourself up, and told}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 your mother you had a miscarriage, and the baby was in the pit toilet. You were}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 later taken to Korovou Hospital for medical examination, and treatment. The matter}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 was reported to police. They recovered the baby\rquote s body from the toilet pit, on 16th}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 March 2009. The police cautioned interviewed you on 17th March 2009, and you}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 admitted strangling the baby to death on 13th March 2009, and dumping the body in}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 your parent\rquote s toilet pit. On 20th March 2009, a post mortem was done on the baby}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 and the cause of death confirmed your admission to the police. You were then}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 charged for murder on 21st March2009. \par \par 5.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 The court then checked with your Counsel, to see that all the ingredients of the}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 offence of }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 "}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 manslaughter}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 were admitted by you. On your behalf, your Counsel}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 admitted that, when you strangled the baby\rquote s nec k and threw his body into the pit}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 toilet, you committed an unlawful act. Your Counsel also admitted, on your behalf}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 that, the above unlawful act caused the baby\rquote s death. As a result of the above}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 admission by your Counsel, on your behalf, the court found you guilty as charged,}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 and convicted you accordingly. \par \par 6.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 I have carefully read your 17th March 2009 police caution interview statements, in}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 order to properly understand your offending. The police asked you 216 questions}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 and you provided 216 answers. I have carefully read the post-mortem report of your}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 dead child, dated 20th March 2009. I have also considered your antecedent report. I}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 have read and considered your written plea in mitigation, including the authorities}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 submitted by your Counsel. \par \par 7.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 In note you are a first offender. You are 28 years old now, living in a }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 de facto}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 -}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 relationship with Mr. Hakim Shah, and residing at Waivou Settlement in Lodoni,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 Tailevu. I note you are now four months pregnant, and being shown the love and}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 support of your }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 de facto}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 -husband, including his family. I note you regretted what}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 you\rquote ve done and you are remorseful. You are the youngest in a family of five}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 siblings. You reached a class 7 education, and you were already a mother at the age}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 of 15 years old. Your daughter is now 9 years old. \par \par 8.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 Manslaughter is a serious offence. It carries a maximum sentence of life}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 imprisonment. However, case laws in Fiji seemed to show that penalties for}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 manslaughter range from a suspended sentence to 12 years imprisonment.}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 Sentences in the upper range were reserved for cases where the degree of violence}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 was high and the provocation given was minimal. Sentences at the lower end of the}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 scale were often reserved for cases where the violence used was minimal and the}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 provocation given was in the extreme: see }{\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 Kim Nam Bae}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 v }{\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 The State}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 , Fiji Court of}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 Appeal, Criminal Appeal No. AAU0015 of 1998S: }{ \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 The}{\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 State}{ \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 v }{\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 Frances Bulewa}{\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 Kean}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 , Criminal Case No. HAC 037 of 2007; }{ \b\i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 State}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 v. }{\b\i\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 Amali Rasalusalu}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 Criminal}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 Case No. HAC 003 of 2003, High Court, Suva. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 The actual sentence passed will}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 depend on the presence or otherwise of strong mitigating and/or aggravating factors. \par \par 9.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 The aggravating factors in this case were as follows:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 (i)}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 you planned to kill the baby boy while you were carrying him for nine}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 months. This was because you had moved into your present }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 de facto}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 -}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 relationship, when you were two months pregnant. The baby boy was}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 conceived from an earlier relationship. You planned to kill the baby because}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 he was not your }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 de facto}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 -husband\rquote s. In this state of mind, you obviously had}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 no regard for human life;}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 (ii)}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 the violence you inflicted on the baby was in the extreme. He looked}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 to you}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 for safety and support. You were his mother, and was expected to ensure his}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 sa fety, and welfare. He was helpless a few minutes after birth. You then}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 decided to end his life by tying your T-shirt around his neck and strangled}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 him to death. Your distaste for his life was obvious, and your act to end his}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 life was nothing short of evil;}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 (iii)}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 after ending the baby boy\rquote s life, you mislead everyone including your}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 mother, that you had a miscarriage. You wrapped the baby boy\rquote s body with}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 your skirt, put him in a plastic bag, and threw him down your parent\rquote s pit}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 toilet. Even in death, you showed total disregard to the memories and human}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 dignity of this short and innocent life. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 \par 10.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 The mitigating factors were as follows:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 (i)}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 you are a first offender, at the age of 28 years old; \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 (ii)}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 you pleaded guilty to the amended charge of manslaughter, and therefore}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 saved the Court\rquote s time. However, this mitigating factor must be considered}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 in the light of you having first being charged for the offence of murder, and}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 had the same proceeded to trial, a conviction was not remote, given what}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 you said in your police caution interview statement, dated 17th March 2009. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 [see Questions 101, 102, 104, 105, 114, 115, 122, 123, 139, 180, 181,}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 183, 184, 199, 201, 210, 211 and Answers]. So by pleading guilty to}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 } {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 manslaughter, you avoided a possible life sentence; \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 (iii)}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 you are now 4 months pregnant, and you are being fully supported by}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 your }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 de facto}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 -husband and his family;}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 (iv)}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 you are a mother of a 9 year old daughter; \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 (v)}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 you received a limited education, reaching only Class 7 at Ratu Filimoni}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 Loco Memorial School; \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 (vi)}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 you fully co-operated with the police during their investigation; \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 (vii)}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 you have spent 2 months in remand, while awaiting the trial of this matter; \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 (viii)}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 you regretted what you\rquote ve done and you are remorseful. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 \par 11.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 This was not a case of infanticide. The balance of your mind was not disturbed by}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 reason of you not having fully recovered from the effect of giving birth to the baby}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 boy. You planned to kill the baby boy while you were carrying him for 9 months}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 [see your caution interview statement, dated 17th March 2009, Question 211 and}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 Answer]. As a result, the non-custodial sentences normally reserved for infanticide}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 cases, does not apply to you. \par \par 12.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 Article 6(1) of the United Nation\rquote s Convention on the Rights of the Child reads, }{ \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 "}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 \'85State parties recognize that every child has the inherent right to life\'85}{ \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 Article 3(1) of the same Convention reads, }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 "}{ \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 \'85In all action s concerning children, whether undertaken by public or private social welfare institutions, Courts of law, administrative authorities or legislative bodies, the best interest of the child shall be a primary consideration\'85}{ \i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 "}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 \par \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 13}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 .}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 A deterrent lesson had to be sent out to mothers who find themselves in your position. Don\rquote t take away the life of an innocent child, otherwise you will risk a custodial sentence. There are other peaceful alternatives \endash adoption.}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 \par \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 14.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 I start with a sentence of 2 years imprisonment. For the aggravating factors, I add 3 years imprisonment, making a total of 5 years imprisonment. I deduct 2 years imprisonment for the mitigation factors, leaving a balance of 3 years. I sentence you to 3 years imprisonment. \par \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 Salesi Temo \par ACTING JUDGE \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1577735\charrsid1577735 \par AT Suva \par 21st May 2010 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1577735 \f36\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1972231\charrsid1577735 \par }}