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\li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Civil Action No: HBC 142 of 2006L \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 BETWEEN: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\b\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 MOHAMMED FIROZ HANIF }{\b\insrsid10959053 \par f/n Mohammed Hanif and \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10959053 {\b\insrsid10959053 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\b\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 YASHMIN FEROZA HANIF }{\b\insrsid10959053 \par }{\b\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 f/n Mohammed Kutty Ahmed \par }{\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Plaintiffs \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 AND: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\b\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 MOHAMMED AZAM SHAH}{\b\insrsid10959053 \par }{\b\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 f/n Mohammed Kutty Ahmed \par }{\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Defendant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid5857516 FINAL JUDGMENT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5857516 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid5857516 Judgment of: Inoke J. \par \par Counsel Appearing:\tab Mr Lutumailagi for the Plaintiffs \par No appearance by counsel or in person \par \par Solicitors: \tab Patel & Sharma for the Plaintiffs \par Unrepresented at the time of the hearing \par \par Date of Hearing: \tab 2 February 2010 \par Date of Judgment: \tab 30 April 2010 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 INTRODUCTION \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [1]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 This is a judgment after formal proof of the Plaintiffs\rquote claim filed in 2006.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The claim is for repayment of monies in a failed business arrangement between the parties. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The first named Plaintiff, Mohammed Firoz Hanif, is the Defendant\rquote s brother-in-law and the second named Plaintiff, Yashmin Feroza Hanif, is the Defendant\rquote s sister. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 THE CASE HISTORY \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The Plaintiffs who now reside in Canada filed their Writ of Summons through their Fiji solicitors on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 25 May 2006}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 They allege that in 2005 they sent $CAD50,200 (Canadian Dollars) to the Defendant to invest in a car rental business that the parties were intending to start in Fiji. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 On the same day Connors J made the following orders (\'93}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Interim Order}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \'94) on the Plaintiff\rquote s Ex-parte Motion and adjourned the application to 2 June 2006: \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12218176 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 1.\tab That the Defendant disclose to this Honourable Court, within seven (7) days, what he has done with the Plaintiff\rquote s monies in the sum of $CAD50,200.00 (Fifty Thousand and Two Hundred Canadian Dollars); \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12218176 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12218176 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 2.\tab That the Defendant\rquote s bank account(s) in any of the commercial banks in Fiji be frozen forthwith until further Order of this Honourable Court; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12218176 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12218176 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 3.\tab That the Defendant disclose to this Honourable Court, within seven (7) days how he has expended the Plaintiff\rquote s monies in the sum of $CAD50,200.00 (Fifty Thousand and Two Hundred Canadian Dollars); \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12218176 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12218176 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 4.\tab That until further Order of this Honourable Court, the Defendant is restrained forthwith from transferring or dealing with in any manner whatsoever any asset bought viz the Plaintiff\rquote s monies in the sum of $CAD50,200.00 (Fifty Thousand and Two Hundred Canadian Dollars); \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12218176 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12218176 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 5.\tab That until further Order of this Honourable Court, the Defendant is restrained forthwith from transferring or dealing with in any manner whatsoever any unspent portion of the Plaintiff\rquote s monies in the sum of $CAD50,200.00 (Fifty Thousand and Two Hundred Canadian Dollars).}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The Interim Order was sealed on 26 May 2006 but was only served on the Defendant on the day before the next call of the application on 2 June 2006 so the application was further adjourned to 16 June 2006 with the orders extended accordingly.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 On 13 June 2006, the Defendant\rquote s solicitors filed a Summons for dissolution of the Interim Order with the Defendant\rquote s affidavit in support, returnable on 16 June 2006.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 His Defence and Counter-claim was also filed on 13 June 2006.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 On 16 June 2006, further directions were given for the filing of affidavits and the application was adjourned to 7 July 2006.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 On 7 July 2006, further directions were given by Philips J for filing of affidavits and the matter adjourned to 14 July 2006 to fix a date of hearing of the Defendant\rquote s application.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 On 14 July 2006, Phillips J was informed tha t the Interim Order had not been complied with so the Judge ordered that the Defendant comply with the Order by 20 July 2006 and the application called on 21 July 2006 to fix another date for hearing of his application.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 No counsel appeared on 21 July 2006 so the Judge adjourned the matter to 28 July 2006 and noted on the Court file that if the Plaintiff did not appear then the action was to be struck out.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 On 28 July 2006, the Defendant sought a further adjournment to file his affidavit in reply and the Plai ntiff not objecting the Judge granted the Defendant 14 days and adjourned the application to 25 August 2006 to fix a date for hearing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Again, on 25 August 2006, the Defendant sought a further 7 days to file his affidavit and no objection being taken, the application was adjourned to 1 September 2006 to fix another date of hearing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 That affidavit was not filed until 29 August 2006.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The file note by the Judge for 1 September 2006 recorded that counsel appearing did not have the diary for the solicitors on record so he sought a further mention date to fix a hearing date.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The application was further adjourned to 8 September 2006 to fix another date of hearing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 On 8 September 2006, the application was finally set down for hearing on 20 October 2006.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The file note by the Judge for 20 October 2006 reads: \'93Because of the heavy schedule today, counsel want to file written submissions. (Defence Counsel): additional prayer (iii) \lquote namely no consent approval FTIB\rquote ; no objection\'94, so the Court granted leave for the Defendant to amend his application, gave directions for the filing of submissions and adjourned the hearing to 24 November 2006 to fix the date for judgment.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 No submissions were filed by the Defendant so further directions were given and the application was adjou rned to 19 January 2007 for review.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Still no submissions were filed by 19 January 2007, so further directions were given and the application further adjourned to 23 February 2007 for further review.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Further direction were given on 23 February 2007 and the hearing set for 20 April 2007.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 On 20 April 2007, both parties asked for a week\rquote s adjournment so the hearing was re-scheduled to 15 May 2007.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 There is no note of the matter being heard on 15 May 2007.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Instead the file note for 1 June 2007 states that the hearing was reset for 6 July 2007.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 On 6 July 2007, counsel for the Defendant informed the Court that the parties were talking settlement and asked for 2 weeks adjournment so the matter was again adjourned to 20 July 2007 for mention.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 On 20 July 2007, yet further directions were given to the Defendant to file and serve his submissions in reply and his application adjourned for mention on 14 September 2007.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 On 14 September 2007, the Court was informed that this was a family dispute capable of settlement and cou nsel asked for a further adjournment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The application was adjourned to 5 October 2007 for review of settlement negotiations.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 On 5 October 2007 it was further adjourned to 2 November 2007 on counsels informing the Court that the matter was about to settle.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Needless to say the matter was not settled by 2 November 2007 so it was adjourned to the Master for mention on 28 January 2008 and 4 mentions later and further directions orders, the application came back before Phillips J on 29 May 2008 who set the appli cation down for hearing on 18 July 2008.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The file notes do not explain why the hearing did not proceed on that day but it eventually came to be heard on 6 October 2008.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Phillips J gave an ex-tempore ruling on 6 October 2008 dismissing the Defendant\rquote s application with costs, allowed the Plaintiff to file an amended statement of claim and adjourned the matter before the Master on 14 November 2008 for directions.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 On 6 October 2008, Messrs Law Naivalu filed a notice of change of solicitors for the Defendant instead of Gordon & Co.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Nothing seemed to have happened until 11 February 2009 when the action was called before the Master who gave directions.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The next call wa s on 14 September 2009 when Master Tuilevuka gave directions for the filing of the amended Defence and adjourned the matter to 29 September 2009.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 On 23 September 2009, despite the notice of change of solicitors, Gordon & Co filed an application to withdraw as solicitors and counsel for the Defendant.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 That application was served on the Defendant on 23 September 2009 according to the affidavit of service.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 When the matter was called on 29 September 2009, Mr Gordon, Counsel for the Defendant, informed the Maste r that the Defendant had been served but the affidavit of service had not been filed and the Master adjourned the application to 6 October 2009.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The affidavit of service was filed on 5 October 2009.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Leave for Gordon & Co to withdraw was granted by the Master on 6 October 2009.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The Defendant failed to appear in person or by counsel since.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The matter eventually came before me on 11 December 2009.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Counsel indicated that the Plaintiff wanted to rely on the affidavit material as evidence and I directed counsel t o file the appropriate application to be heard together with the formal proof on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 2 February 2010}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 APPLICATION TO USE AFFIDAVIT MATERIAL \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The Defendant did not appear at the hearing on 2 February 2010 either in person or by counsel.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The Plaintiff Moham med Firoz Hanif swore an affidavit that he and his wife, the Plaintiff Yashin Feroza Hanif, reside in British Columbia, Canada and that they could not come to Fiji to give evidence on short notice, nor could they come here at any time within the up-coming months.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 On their counsel\rquote s application I exercised my discretion under }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 O. 38 R. 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 High Court Rules 1988}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 and granted leave to the Plaintiffs to rely on their affidavits as evidence in this action. \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 THE CLAIM \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The claim as pleaded in the Amended Statement of Claim is as follows: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12218176 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 That the Plaintiffs and the Defendant made an arrangement sometime in August, 2005, to be business partners in a rental car business in Nadi or Lautoka, Fiji (\lquote the Agreement\rquote ). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12218176 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12218176 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 PARTICULARS \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12218176 {\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12218176 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The Agreement was made partly orally and partly by conduct. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12218176 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12218176 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 In so far as it was oral, the Agreement was made via telephone discussion. \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12218176 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12218176 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 In so far as it was by conduct, the conduct consisted or is to be inferred from the following: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12218176 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid12218176 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The Plaintiffs sent the sum of $CAD50,200.00 (FIFTY THOUSAND AND TWO HUNDRED CANADIAN DOLLARS) to the Defendant via Wire Payment Services for the purchase of Motor Vehicles for the said rental car business (\lquote the Business\rquote ). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12218176 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid12218176 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 (ii)\tab The Defendant used the monies to buy four Motor Vehicles \endash Registration Numbering being EU 970 (Nissan Sedan), EU 825 (Toyota Sedan), EU 826 (Toyota Sedan), and EU 518 (Toyota Station Wagon). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12218176 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid12218176 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 (iii)\tab The Defendant\rquote s Solicitors, Messrs Suresh Chandra Maharaj & Associates of Lautoka applied to the Fiji Islands Trade and Investment Bureau (\lquote FTIB\rquote ) for approval of the Plaintiff\rquote s proposed investment in the business. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12218176 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid12218176 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 (iv)\tab While the parties\rquote application to the FTIB was pending, the Defendant rented the said Motor Vehicles out and kept the rental fees for his exclusive use. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12218176 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid12218176 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 (v)\tab The parties\rquote application to FTIB was not approved; therefore the Plaintiffs spoke with the Defendant and advised that the Motor Vehicles be sold to recover the monies. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12218176 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12218176 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 That it was an express term of the Agreement that if the FTIB refused the parties\rquote application for investment by the Plaintiffs in the business, the Defendant will refund the monies. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12218176 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl3\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12218176 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 That the Defendant breached the Agreement, the particulars of which are as follows: \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10830408 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid12218176 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 While the parties\rquote appli cation to FTIB was pending, the Defendant rented the said Motor Vehicles out and kept the rental fees for his exclusive use; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12218176 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid12218176 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 When the parties\rquote application to FTIB was refused, the Defendant refused to sell the Motor Vehicles to refund the monies; \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12218176 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid12218176 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 When the parties\rquote application to the FTIB was refused, the Defendant sold 3 of the 4 Motor Vehicles and kept the monies from the sale for his exclusive use; \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12218176 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 d)\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid12218176 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 When the parties\rquote application to the FTIB was refused, the Defendant refused to transfer the ow nership of Motor Vehicles to the Plaintiffs so that they may recover the monies. \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10830408 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12218176 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 As a result of the Defendant\rquote s breach of the Agreement, the Plaintiffs have suffered loss, particulars of which are as follows: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12218176 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid12218176 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The Monies plus Interest, \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}Pain and Suffering for the Loss of the Monies, \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}Loss of opportunity to invest the monies elsewhere \par }\pard \ql \fi-540\li1800\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1800\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10048765 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 That the said breaches were aggravated because the Defendant had refused and continues to refuse to communicate with, or, respond to communications from the Defe ndant regarding the return of the Motor vehicles and/or refund of the monies. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10048765 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 That the Plaintiffs claim for FJD$CAD50,200.00 (}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 FIFTY THOUSAND AND TWO HUNDRED CANADIAN DOLLARS}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 ), being money payable by the Defendant to the Plaintiffs for money had and received by the Defendant for the use of the Plaintiffs. \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10830408 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 WHEREFORE THE PLAINTIFFS CLAIM THE FOLLOWING FROM THE DEFENDANT: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10048765 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Special Damages in the sum of FJD$CAD50,200.00 (}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 FIFTY THOUSAND AND TWO HUNDRED CANADIAN DOLLARS}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 ),\tab \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10048765 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 General Damages, \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10048765 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10048765 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Aggravated Damages, \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10048765 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 d)\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10048765 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Interest, \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10048765 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 e)\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10048765 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Costs of this Application on a Solicitor/Client full indemnity basis \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10048765 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 f)\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\ilvl4\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10048765 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Any other Order or relief that this Honorable Court may deem just and expedient. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 THE FORMAL PROOF \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Counsel relied on Mr Hanif\rquote s affidavit sworn on 11 May 2006 and filed on 25 May 2006 and his further affidavit sworn on 29 June 2006 and filed on 20 July 2006.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Those affidavits confirm the matters pleaded in the Amended Statement of Claim and I accept them as proof of the Plaintiffs\rquote claim as pleaded. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 I also accept the finding of Phillips J in her extempore ruling of 6 October 2008 that: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 There is no dispute that the sum of $CAN50,000 was sent by plaintiff to Fiji and was received by the defendant and that he retains the proceeds of sale of the motor vehicles, the purchase of which was funded (by) the plaintiff.}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 More importantly he had defied Connors J\rquote s order to account for those monies\'85\'94 \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The Defendant filed a Defence and two affidavits which amoun t to no more than bare denials of the Plaintiffs allegations and I reject them as sufficient to cast any doubt on the Plaintiffs claim. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 I also reject the Defendant\rquote s submission that the parties arrangement and subsequent transaction is tainted by ill egality in that no approval of the Fiji Trade and Investment Bureau was obtained. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 I therefore find that the Plaintiffs have proven on the balance of probability that the Defendant is liable and it is now left for me to decide the quantum of damages that I am to award. \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 SPECIAL DAMAGES \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 I find that the Plaintiffs have proven their entitlement to repayment of the sum of $CAD50,200 which they sent to the Defendant and the Defendant must repay the moneys accordingly. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 AGGRAVATED DAMAGES \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Counsel for the Plaintiffs cited several cases.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The first of these were } {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Seniloli}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 v }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Voliti}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 [2000] FJHC 28; Hba0033j.1999s (22 February 2000) in which Shameem J quoted the following passage: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 In }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 X v. Attorney-General}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 (1996) 2 NZLR 623, Williams J said at p.630: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10048765 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \'93A s to the law, in the pithy phrase employed by the learned authors of Hewston and Buckley: }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Salmond and Hewston on the Law of Torts}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 19th ed. (1987) p.594. \'93Aggravated damages are given for conduct which shocks the plaintiff: exemplary damages for conduct which shocks the jury\'94.\'94 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 At page 631 of his judgment Williams J went on to say: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \'93As to punitive or exemplary damages, .... it is enough to note that such damages are only awarded to punish the defendants because of the outrageous or contumelious way in which they have conducted themselves in committing the tort for which they are sued (}{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Donselaar v. Donselaar}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 (1982) 1 NZLR 97 .... As }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Auckland City Council v. Blundell}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 (1986) 1 NZLR 732 at p.739 makes clear, exemplary damages must be \'93 fairly and reasonable commensurate with the gravity of the conduct thus condemned\'94.\'94 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10048765 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 In that case, the learned Judge found in respect of the award for aggravated damages that: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 This was a case of a deliberate flouting of the law, and of conscious acts on a vulnerable and young member of the public, which caused distress and humiliation to the plaintiff. I am therefore of the view that the outrageous and contumelious conduct of the defendant, justified an additional award of punitive or exemplary damages. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The question remaining is as to whether the amount awarded was unrealistically high. The Court of Appeal in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Marika Lawanisavi v. Kapieni}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 ABU 49/98 emphasised the need to consider local, social and economic conditions when approaching quantum of damages. Scott J in }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Sivorosi Raikali v. A-G}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 (supra) considered $1,700 per hour, to be a generous award for false imprisonment in Fiji. However, he was considering an award for an adult who had lawfully served 12 years imprisonment, but who had been unlawfully detained for 11 months longer than he should have. Nor was that award one for aggravated damages. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 I consider an award of $1, 700 per hour for a child whose arrest and detention were unlawful and who should never have been arrested at all, entirely appropriate. The award of $10,000 by the learned magistrate seems to be higher than is appropriate given Fiji\rquote s social and economic conditions. I therefore allow the appeal against the award for aggravated damages to the extent that I reduce the award to $6,800.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 { \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Seniloli}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 (supra) was considered by Byrne J, as he then was, in }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Kasim}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 v }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Commissioner of Police}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 [2001] FJHC 133; HBC0471.1999 (3 December 2001).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The plaintiff Kasim was detained by Immigration officers at Nadi Airport unlawfully on two separate occasions without any excuse, explanation or apology given.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 As a result, he failed to secure a contract that he was on his way to New Zealand to secure.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Byrne J found that: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Although the Plaintiff claims general damages, in my judgment his proper claim is for aggravated damages. In }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Gary Mark Lackersteen v. Melvin Lawrance Jones and Others}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 (1988) NTSC 60 Asche C.J. described the differen ce between aggravated and exemplary damages after reviewing various authorities on the subject. He said, "The basis for aggravated damages lies in compensation of a particular kind based not on physical injury or discomfort but on humiliation and injury t o feelings". He went on, "There can not be any implication that a person of bad reputation cannot be humiliated and insulted". In the instant case the Plaintiff did not have a bad reputation although he had committed some criminal offences for which he had been duly punished. I have been referred to a number of authorities on the question including }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Josaia Vakacoko v. The Commissioner of Police}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 HBC 145 if 1998S, unreported judgment of Scott J. of the 10th of December 1999, }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Epeli Seniloli and Another v. Semi Voliti}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 HBA No. 0033 of 1999, unreported judgment of Shameem J. of 22nd February 2000 and }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Marika Lawanisavi and Other v. Pesamino Kapieni}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 ABU 0049/98S, unreported judgment of the Court of Appeal of the 13th of August 1999. Whilst I find these judgments of some assistance the facts in them particularly in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Vakacoko}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 and }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Seniloli}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 which were both cases of unlawful imprisonment are different from those in the present case. Both Judges awarded damages, in the case of }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Vakacoko,}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 $4,000.00 for wrongful detention for six days in a small cell without any mattress, pillow or mosquito coil and in the case of }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Seniloli}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 , $6,800.00 for four hours detention of a boy aged 14 who was handcuffed to a post for a time. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10048765 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 It seems that in neither of these two cases was the question of constitutional rights argued although in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Seniloli}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 the Plaintiff relied on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Here the Plaintiff makes his claim for exemplary damages on the Constitution to which I shall refer in a moment. Before doin g so however I consider it fair to award the Plaintiff aggravated damages for the humiliation he suffered of $5,000.00. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The next case referred to by Counsel was the decision of Gates J, as he then was, in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Shah}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 v }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Narayan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 [2003] FJHC 340; HBC0098.1994L (19 September 2003) in which his Lordship sets out the facts which gave rise to the claim for aggravated damages and the law as follows: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Aggravated damages \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10048765 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 [113] The Plaintiff claims aggravated damages. When the foreign body came to light at the time of the sinogram, Dr Tami asked the Plaintiff in the presence of her husband when she wanted it removed. The Plaintiff said she did not want it to be removed at Lautoka but wanted it removed overseas. Dr Tami then got angry and started shouting, saying it "was just a minor operation, why can\rquote t you have it here." That interview ended unpleasantly and he asked them to return on 16 August. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10048765 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 [114] The next interview wa s no better. Dr Tami thought they might have changed their minds. They had not. The Plaintiff said she had no faith in them anymore. "Why are you here? I am closing the file. This is the end of it" said Dr Tami. He was so angry he could not talk to them s aid the Plaintiff. He refused them the report and banged the door. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10048765 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 [115] They made a further approach to obtain a report for overseas referral, this time through a friend intermediary. Dr Tami\rquote s attitude improved. Dr Narayan was to do the report. She waite d patiently outside his clinic. But Dr Narayan treated them brusquely, telling them he had already refused to give them a report. He said "I do not want to see you at all". This was said in front of patients and hospital staff. He shouted that he would no t give the report. The Plaintiff eventually got her report, but there was still more of a run-around that s}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10048765 he was to be put through first. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10048765 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 [116] In }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Himmat Soni v AG & 2 Others}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 (unreported) Lautoka High Court Civil Action 279.84S; 7 July 1989 Jayaratne J. awarded $5,000 for aggravated damages. His lordship had this to say: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10048765 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 "There is evidence in this case to the effect that he was unable to meet any doctor at the hospital when he arrived there on hearing of his wife\rquote s condition. It must have been indeed a very anxious moment. He was trying to take her away for overseas treatment. His feelings must have been definitely bent beyond any measurable degree. There is no doubt about it. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10048765 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The following is an excerpt of his evidence in Court: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10048765 \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 "Immediately I went to Lautoka Hospital. She (wife) was in the Intensive Care Unit.... She was unconscious. I met Dr. Nair. He said "It is not my fault." I tried to find out her condition. I met Dr. Oldmeadow. I sought permission to take her overseas for treatment. I could not get any information about her condition." }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10048765 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10048765 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 This sort of attitude is most despicable and disgusting to hear of. When the plaintiff is in such agony and anguish and fear for the life of his wife and when he is rebuffed and pushed from pillar to post being still unable to obtain information about the wife, it can only be described as most deplorable. Husband being not in a position to get information about his wife\rquote s condition who was more or less was breathing her last is aggravating indeed. The condition that she was in was brought about by the negligence of the 2nd defendant who administered the anaesthetics\rquote . It became an overdose. Furthermore there was a restriction on the use of oxygen which was in short supply. I consider it reasonable in the absence of any guidelines for a computation of compensation to award $5,000 under the head."}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10048765\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 [117] The whole issue of aggravated damages and exemplary damages has been referred to by Lord Hailsham LC in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Cassel & Co v Broome}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 [1972] AC 1027 at p.1073 as one of "inextricable confusion". He said:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10048765 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\tx1440\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \lquote In awarding "aggravated" damages the natural indignation of the court at the injury inflicted on the plaintiff is a perfectly legitimate motive i n making a generous rather than a more moderate award to provide an adequate solatium. But that is because the injury to the plaintiff is actually greater and as the result of the conduct exciting the indignation demands a more generous solatium.\rquote \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10048765 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 [118] Woolf J. in }{ \b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Kralj v McGrath}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 [1986] 1 All ER 54 at p.61 said: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10048765 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 "It is my view that it would be wholly inappropriate to introduce into claims of this sort, for breach of contract and negligence, the concept of aggravated damages."}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10048765\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 His lordship said he considered it inconsistent with the general approach to damages in this area "which is to compensate the plaintiff for the loss she has actually suffered."}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10048765 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10048765\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 [119] However I believe it is right to allow the Plaintiff to be compensated by the public authorities for the matter of her treatment by their public servants. In }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Kralj}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 the "horrific and wholly unacceptable treatment" was that the obstetrician had performed a procedure without anaesthetic.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 In the instant case the feelings of the Plaintiff had been aff ected at a particularly vulnerable time, as a result of the injury requiring rectification. She was to be ill-treated for the mistakes of the hospital staff upon her, and was treated disgracefully for their sense of guilt. For this she is deserving of som e compensation. I award $4,000 under this head. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Counsel submitted that I should award $5,000 for aggravated damages in this case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The above cases in this jurisdiction in which aggravated damages have been awarded involve public authorities.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 I am mindful of the dicta by Woolf J. in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Kralj}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 v }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 McGrath}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 [1986] 1 All ER 54 at p.61, that it would be inappropriate to introduce the concept of aggravated damages in claims for breach of contract.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 However, in that case Woolf J awarded aggravated damages on the basis of compensation for Mrs Kralj\rquote s loss and suffering because of the \'93horrific and completely unacceptable\'94 treatment indicating \'93very bad practice\'94 which she received from the defendant obstetrician. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The unreported decision of }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Govind Prasad}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 v }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 NLTB & Ratu Sakiusa Makutu}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 [2002] HBC 145/2002 (Judgment of 31 March 2006) in this Court is a case on point.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 In that case, the plaintiff remained on his sugar cane farm after his 30 year lease had expired on 31 December 1999 with the knowledge and consent of the NLTB pending the issue of a new lease.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The plaintiff had done all that was required of him for the issue of his new lease and the NLTB wrote to the Sugar Industry Tribunal confirming that the plaintiff was a fully paid up leaseholder from 1 July 2000.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 His lease was also registered with the Registrar of Titles.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 About a year into the new lease, Ratu Makutu started coming on to the plaintiff\rquote s farm demanding the plaintiff pay him $5,000.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The plaintiff refused.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 He told Ratu Makutu that whatever that was owing had been paid to the NLTB, but he was willing to pay the demand if Ratu Makutu would give him a receipt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Ratu Makutu then told the plaintiff to give his tractor to all the other users of the land.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 On 31 August 2001 Ratu Makutu came on to the plaintiff\rquote s house in a van with four or five other persons.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 They demanded the plaintiff give them his tractor which the plaintiff refused so they threatened him and his family of seven children with violence if they did not leave the farm within three days.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 So out of fear the plaintiff and his family left leaving everything behind.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 When he approached the NLTB for assistance he was offered none and was told instead that even though his lease was registered he was not getting it. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Govind Prasad sued the NLTB and Ratu Makutu and they not having filed their defences, obtained default judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 This Court refused to set aside the default judgment and went on to assess the Govind Prasad\rquote s claim for damages.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 After awarding general damages of $250,000, Finnigan J said this in respect of aggravated damages, at paragraphs 22 and 23}{ \cs23\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s21\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 { \cs23\super\insrsid10830408 \chftn }{\insrsid10830408 The judgment was appealed unsuccessfully by the NLTB in }{\b\ul\insrsid10830408\charrsid9769216 Native Land Trust Board}{\insrsid10830408 v }{\b\ul\insrsid10830408\charrsid9769216 Prasad}{ \insrsid10830408 [2008] FJCA 100; ABU0065.2006S (16 April 2008) but the orders for aggravated ($10,000) and exemplary ($25,000) damages were not appealed against by Ratu Makutu.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 : \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par In addition, the Plaintiff seeks aggravated damages and exemplary damages.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 There is a clear distinction between these two forms of damages, the former being compensatory and the latter punitive.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 A ggravated damages compensate the Plaintiff if he has been hurt or upset by the nature of the breach of his rights.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Exemplary damages are aimed directly at punishing a wrong including a wrong done in breach of property rights.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 They are directed at high-handed, insolent, vindictive or malicious conduct or conduct which exhibits a contumelious disregard of a Plaintiff\rquote s rights.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 In the present case the Plaintiff has in my view made out a case for both. \par \par He claims damages only for himself.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 I exclude any injury o r loss that might be thought to be claimed by any of his dependants, including the son who gave evidence.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The Plaintiff alone has shown that he has been deeply hurt by the offence that has been offered him and has in addition suffered a substantial de4crease in self-confidence and self-respect.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 It is clearly a case for aggravated damages and (again without any guidance) I assess these in the sum of $10,000 as claimed. \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [21]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Support for compensation for humiliation and hurt feelings in an award for aggravated damages can also be found in dicta in Lord Devlin\rquote s formulation of the categories of cases for exemplary damages in }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Rookes}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 v }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Barnard}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 (supra) at page 1226: \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par It is true that there is something repugnant about a big man bullying a small man and, very likely, the bullying will be a source of humiliation that makes the case for aggravated damages, but it is not, in my opinion, punishable by damages. \par \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [22]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 What are the aggravating factors in the present case?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Counsel wrote in his submissions that I should take into account the Defendant\rquote s blatant disregard and deliberate refusal to correspond with the Plaintiffs in the aftermath of his breach of their agreement and his attitude to this Court in failing to appear since 6 October 2008 and refusing to comply with the Interim Order of 25 May 2006. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [23]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The facts in this case are far less oppressive than those in Ratu Makutu\rquote s case, although this Court takes a very dim view of the Defendant\rquote s failure to comply with its orders. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 This is a dispute between close family members.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Whatever the reason for non compliance or failure to communicate has not been explained by the Defendant and this may have added to the frustrations of the Plainti ffs but I do not think that such feelings are sufficient by themselves to justify an award for aggravated damages. \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 GENERAL DAMAGES \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [24]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 It seems to me that the Plaintiffs only significant and compensable loss, apart from the money itself, is not being able to use it.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Such a loss can be compensated in interest.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 I think it is clear that when the Interim Order was granted on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 25 May 2006}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 , Connors J was of the opinion that the Plaintiffs were entitled to immediate repayment of the sum of $CAD50,200.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 There is no agreement on how much interest was payable under the parties Agreement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 This was a commercial transaction I think the Plaintiffs are entitled to interest at a reasonable rate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The interest rate of 6% pa is usually applied by this Court for interest under the }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions)(Death and Interest) Act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 This is not the commercial bank rate and on the low side.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 I think 10% pa is appropriate and I apply it from the date the cause of action arose which I take to be 2005 to the date of this judgment, i.e. 5 years.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 I therefore calculate interest as follows: $CAD50,200 x 10% x 5 yrs = }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 $CAD25,100.}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 I therefore award that sum as general damages rather than as aggravated damages. \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 DAMAGES IN FOREIGN CURRENCY \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [25]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 It is open to this Court to give its judgment in a currency other than Fiji dollars.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Such judgments have been given in the past although the point may not have been raised or argued and it may have been just assumed that the courts in Fiji can do so, e.g., an award in Australian dollars in }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Attorney-General of Fiji}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 v }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Sharma}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 [1994] FJCA 27; Abu0041u.93s (12 August 1994).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Counsel did not point to any case authority in our Courts that have decided the point but referred me to an English case instead.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The English Courts have done away with the rule that English judgments must be in pounds sterling.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 It was said that the old rule was based on the faith in sterling; it was a stable currency which had no equal.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The Court of Appeal, however, said that it was not so; \'93sterling changed like a weathercock with every gust that blew\'94.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The reasons for the rule no longer existed and the rule was discarded:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Schorsch GmbH}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 v }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Hennin}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 [1974] 3 WLR 823 (CA), affirmed in }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Miliangos}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 v }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 George Frank (Textiles) Ltd}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 [1975] 1 All E R 1076.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 If authority is needed th en I rely on these English cases. \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [26]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 There must be some certainty in the amount that the Plaintiffs are entitled to.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 It should not fluctuate depending on the exchange rate.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The parties need to know what exactly they are entitled to or obliged to pay.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 If I leave it open ended, that is, use the conversion rate at the date of payment, then the Defendant may use currency fluctuations to his advantage and the Plaintiffs disadvantage or vice versa.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 However, for the purposes of enforcement, and I can safely say that enforcement is more likely to be in Fiji, the Plaintiffs need to know exactly what sum they are to enforce payment on.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 I therefore fix the conversion rate between the Canadian dollar and the Fiji dollar to be the exchange rate published by the Reserv e Bank as at the date of this Judgment, }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 30 April 2010}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 , and the total judgment sum, if it is to be paid in Fiji dollars, shall be converted using that exchange rate. \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 COSTS \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [27]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The Plaintiffs have asked for costs on a solicitor/client full indemnity basis.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 I think this case is one of those cases where the Court should depart from the normal rule because of the Defendant\rquote s complete disregard for Court orders and for defending the indefensible:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Lok}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 v }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Singh}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 [2010] FJHC 7; HBC321.2000L (20 January 2010); }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Khan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 v }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Carpenters Fiji Ltd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 [2009] FJHC 149; HBC132.2003 (23 July 2009); }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Singh}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 v }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Naupoto}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 [2008] HBC 199/08}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 (Costs Decision of 8 August 2008) and }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Rokotuiviwa}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 v }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Seveci}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 [2008] FJHC 221; HBC374.2007 (12 September 2008)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 . \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [28]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 I think the sum of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 $15,000}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 is a fair and reasonable amount for a case that was at the stage of hearing and would have proceed as a defended action had the Defendant not dismissed his solicitors and counsel and failed to appear.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 I have listed the dilatory tactics of the Defendant in his approach to this case and also take them into account in my assessment of costs. \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 INTEREST \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [29]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 I make no award for interest because I have allowed for it in general damages. \par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 ORDERS \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [30]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Orders}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 are therefore as follows: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7213876 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The Defendant shall pay to the Plaintiffs the total sum of $CAD 75,300 (Seventy five thousand and three hundred Canadian dollars) made up of $CAD 50,200 as special damages and $CAD 25,100 as general damages. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7213876 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7213876 { \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 The Defendant shall pay the Plaintiffs costs of $FJD 15,000 (Fifteen thousand Fijian dollars) within 28 days. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7213876 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10830408 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10830408\charrsid10830408 Sosefo Inoke \par Judge}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1972231\charrsid10830408 \par }}