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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT LAUTOKA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
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\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par Plaintiff
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 Defendant
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid8733886 Judgment of: Inoke J.
\par 
\par Counsel Appearing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid8733886 :\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid8733886 Mr F Hanif for the Plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid8733886 

\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid8733886 Mr E Maopa for the Defendant
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid8733886 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid8733886 Solicitors}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid8733886 : \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid8733886 Munro Leys for the Plaintiff
\par Babu Singh & Associates for the Defendant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid8733886 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid8733886 Date of Hearing: \tab 27 March 2009
\par Date of Judgment: \tab 20 April 2010
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 INTRODUCTION
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\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 On }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 20 October 2008}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698  the Plaintiff (}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 South Seas Cruises}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
) filed a specially indorsed Writ of Summons against the Defendant (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 Mody}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 ) seeking the following Declaration:
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\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 [i]\tab 
That by reason of the provisions of the Marine Act, 1986 adopting the International Convention Relating 
to the Limitation of the Liability of Owners of Sea-Going Ships and the Protocol Amending the International Convention Relating to the Limitation of the Liability of Owners of Sea-Going Ships and pursuant to Section 178(1) of the Marine Act, 1986, it is n
ot answerable in damages beyond Special Drawing Rights of 62,001 converted into Fiji Dollar currency at the time of making such Declaration in respect of the injury suffered by the Defendant on 19 February 2006 on board the ship SV Seaspray.
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\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [2]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 The action arose out of an incident that happened on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 19 February 2006}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698  in which Mody allegedly drank caustic liquid out of a bottle labeled as }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 Water}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698  when he and his family were on the South Seas Cruises vessel }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 SV Seaspray}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
 whilst holidaying in Fiji.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
He suffered chemical burns to his mouth, throat, esophagus and stomach and has now sued South Seas Cruises in the New South Wales Supreme Court in Australia where he was from.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 THE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY APPLICATION
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [3]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 On }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 22 December 2008}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 , South Seas Cr
uises filed a Summons for Decree of Limitation of Liability (the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 Limitation Summons}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698 "}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 ) to limit its liability be seeking the following orders:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 [i]\tab 
That by reason of the provisions of the Marine Act, 1986 adopting the International Convention Relating to t
he Limitation of the Liability of Owners of Sea-Going Ships and the Protocol Amending the International Convention Relating to the Limitation of the Liability of Owners of Sea-Going Ships and pursuant to Section 178(1) of the Marine Act, 1986, it is not a
nswerable in damages beyond Special Drawing Rights of 62,001 converted into Fiji Dollar currency at the time of making such Declaration in respect of the injury suffered by the Defendant on 19 February 2006 on board the ship SV Seaspray.
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14237698 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 [ii]\tab 
An Order that the time for filing further pleadings be extended until the hearing and determination of the Plaintiff\rquote s application for decree of limitation of liability.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 [iii]\tab Costs
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [4]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 The application was made pursuant to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 s 178(1)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698  of the }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 Marine Act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 , }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 1986}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698  and the inherent jurisdiction.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 THE BACKGROUND
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [5]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 The application was supported by the affidavit of the Chief Executive Officer of South Seas Cruises.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 I reproduce paragraphs 6 to 11 of his affidavit in which he deposed as to the facts and the reasons why this application was brought:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 6.\tab On 19 February 2006, the Defendant, Samsul Mody (}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 Mr Mody}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
), together with his wife Mamtaj Mody, and their child, were paying passengers on a SV Seaspray day cruise offered by SSCL (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
the Cruise}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 ).}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 Further, Mr Mody and his family were holidaying in Fiji and purchased their tickets for the Cruise in Fiji.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 7.\tab 
During the Cruise, it is alleged that Mr Mody consumed caustic liquid stored in a bottle that was labeled as water while on board the SV Seaspray thereby suffering personal injury.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 8.\tab 
I have read the incident report in this matter and as a result of my own investigation, I verily believe that Mr Mody came to drink the caustic liquid in the following circumstances.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 9.\tab Prior to the inci
dent, the Chef on board the SV Seaspray, Setareki Ratatagia, cleaned the griller with the caustic liquid.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
He had decanted the caustic liquid into an empty water bottle.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
After cleaning the barbeque griller, Mr Ratatagia placed the bottle containing the caustic liquid near the main mast.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
During the Cruise, Mr Mody was having his lunch on board the SV Seaspray near the main mast.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
He had been previously sitting near the main mast drinking water from a bottle that had a label indicating it was water.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 Mr Mody pic
ked up the bottle containing the caustic liquid, thinking that it was the bottle of water that he had been drinking from, consumed some of the contents of the bottle containing the caustic liquid thereby causing him personal injury.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 10.\tab Mr Ratatagia was e
ngaged by SSCL as a Chef because he had cooking experience.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
Any ordinary and reasonable person involved in the cooking profession, should, as a matter of common sense, know better than to decant caustic liquid into a water bottle and to leave the caustic l
iquid in a water bottle in a popular eating area of the SV Seaspray.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
It is self-evident that Mr Ratatagia should, in the exercise of the reasonable skill which SSCL was entitled to expect from a person engaged as a Chef, have placed the bottle containing the caustic liquid in safe storage.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 11.\tab 
In the premises, SSCL therefore contends that the actions of the Chef in leaving the bottle containing the caustic liquid near the main mast where it could be mistaken by guests on board the SV Seaspray for water and
 the subsequent injury suffered by Mr Mody was without the actual fault or privity of SSCL and therefore it is entitled to limit its liability under the provisions of Marine Act, 1986.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [6]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 Mody in response largely accepts these facts but says that as far as he observed, Mr Ratatagia was a member of the vessel\rquote s crew.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 Mr Ratatagia was negligent and so South Seas Cruises is vicariously liable for the injuries caused by his negligence.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [7]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 Following the incident of 19 February 2006, Mody made a claim for compensation against South Seas Cruises and on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
22 December 2006}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 , they paid Mody AUD$75,000 and a further sum of AUD$60,000 on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 12 September 2007}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698  on a without admission of liability basis, a total of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 AUD$135,000}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [8]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 On }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 11 August 2008}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 , Mody issued legal procee
dings in the Supreme Court of New South Wales claiming damages for personal injuries for breach of contract and negligence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
South Seas Cruises then applied in that Court for a stay of proceedings on the ground that the Fiji rather than the NSW Court was the appropriate court to decide the claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 The application was dismissed on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 26 November 2008}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
 and they have been ordered to defend Mody\rquote s claim in NSW.
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [9]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 South Seas Cruises now claims that they have paid more than they were required to pay because of the limitation set by the }{
\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 Marine Act}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 under the }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 International Convention Relating to the Limitation of the Liability of Owners of Sea-Going Ships}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698  and the }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 Protocol Amending the International Convention Relating to the Limitation of the Liability of Owners of Sea-Going Ships}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 .}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 The amount that South Seas Cruises says they were limited to pay was }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
AUD$115,000}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698  (rounded up), that is, an over-payment of AUD$20,000 according to their calculations.
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [10]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 On }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 30 January 2009}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 , the first call of the Limitation Summons, this Court gave time for the parties to file their affidavit material and set the application down for hearing on 13 March 2009.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [11]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 On }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 19 February 2009}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
, Mody filed in NSW an application to restrain South Seas Cruises from continuing or further pursuing these proceedings (the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
Anti-suit application}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 ).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 That application was later dismissed on 20 March 2009.
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [12]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 Because of the Anti-suit application, this Court adjourned the Limitation application to be heard on }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 27 March 2009}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698  by consent.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 The application was heard on that day before another judge but judgment remained outstanding.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 On 18 September 2009, after taking over the carriage of this action, the parties agreed that I deliver the judgment based on the trial judge\rquote s notes and submissions filed by counsel.}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
Unfortunately, the Court clerk that was responsible for this file at the time left soon afterwards and the outstanding judgment was not brought to my attention until South Seas Cruises solicitors wrote to the Registry on }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 10 March 2010}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 Normally, this judgment would have been delivered much earlier but for this slip and I apologise for the delay.
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 CONSIDERATION OF THE LIMITATION APPLICATION
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [13]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 South Seas Cruises own evidence is that Mr Ratatagia was negligent.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 That much is clear from the affidavit of its CEO in the passages that I have quoted above.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 What is not admitted by them is that Mr Ratatagia was not an employee or servant and therefore South Seas Cruises is not vicariously liable.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698 
 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 They argue that there was no }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 privity}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698  between them and Mody.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 It is admitted that the vessel is owned by South Seas Cruises and Mody was injured whilst on it.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [14]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 Part IX}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698  of }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 The Marine Act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698  provides for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 Marine Rights and Liabilities}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 Division 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698  of that Part sets out the prov
isions for the liability of shipowners }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 in collisions}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698  for personal injuries and }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 Division 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
 sets out the provisions for the limitation of that liability under the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 Limitation of Liability Convention}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
South Seas Cruises relies on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 s 178}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698  which is in Division 2 of the Act.
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [15]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 Mody\rquote s personal injuries were not as a result of a collision between the Seaspray and another vessel.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 Clearly, the Act and the Conventions have no application to this case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 I must say that I had to check myself to make sure that I was right.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
Such a slip by any counsel, let alone by both counsel from either side must be very rare.
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [16]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 The application must be dismissed.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 THE WRIT
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [17]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 The Writ claims the same principal relief as the Limitation Application so it too should be dismissed 
and I do so as an exercise of this Court\rquote s inherent jurisdiction to ensure that its process is not abused.
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 COSTS
\par }\pard\plain \s20\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [18]\tab}}\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
Although neither counsel realised the futility of the application I think it was the mistake attributable to South Seas Cruises and its solicitors that required Mody to defend it and the action so they should pay Mody\rquote s costs.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [19]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 This is one of those cases where indemnity costs are justified.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
Substantial material have been filed, the matter had been called on several occasions and there was a day\rquote s hearing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
I think costs of $10,000 is a fair amount so I order accordingly.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 ORDERS
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 [20]\tab}}\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 Orders}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698  are therefore as follows:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14237698 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 The Plaintiff\rquote s Writ filed on 20 October 2008 and the Summons filed on 22 December 2008 are dismissed and struck out.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \fi-720\li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid14237698 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 The Plaintiff shall pay the Defendant\rquote s costs of $10,000 within 21 days.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14237698 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14237698\charrsid14237698 Sosefo Inoke
\par Judge}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1972231\charrsid14237698 
\par }}