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RATUMAIYALE}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13657362 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid265167\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 Counsel:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362\charrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7829934\charrsid13657362 Mr. L. Fotofili for State}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7829934\charrsid13657362 Mr. A. Naco for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7829934\charrsid13657362 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5194069\charrsid13657362 Date of Summing Up:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362\charrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5194069\charrsid13657362 26th January 2010}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7829934\charrsid13657362 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13657362 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 SUMMING UP \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13657362 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \par [1]\tab Madam and Gentlemen Assessors, it is now my duty to sum up this case to you.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 You will then be required to deliberate together and each of you must give a separate opinion whether the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 is Guilty or Not Guilty of the charge.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 I will then pronounce the judgment of the Court and your opinions will carry great weight with me in deciding that judgment. \par \par [2]\tab In coming to your opinions you must apply the law as I explain it to you. It is my duty to direct you on the law. Those directions on the law must be followed by you. \par \par [3]\tab However, you decide the facts of the case. As I speak to you, you may feel that I have formed some view on a particular question of fact. If you disagree, then please feel completely free to disregard my version.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 All matters of fact are for you and you alone. It is for you to decide the credibility of the witnesses and what parts of their evidence you accept as true and what parts you reject. You decide what facts are proved and what inferences you properly draw from those facts. You th en apply the law as I explain it to you and decide whether your opinion is guilty or not guilty. \par \par [4]\tab You must come to that decision solely upon the evidence you have heard from the witnesses, which includes the exhibits that have been produced. If you have previously heard anything about this case or the people involved, through the media or some other s ource \endash you must ignore that completely.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 If you have read, heard or come across any media publication about the proceedings during the trial, you must ignore them completely. \par \par [5]\tab The law requires that the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 is to be judged solely upon the evidence sworn to in this Court.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 In considering that evidence you are expected to apply your common sense and everyday knowledge of human nature and people.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 You must please put aside any feelings of prejudice or sympathy which may occur to you one way or the other an d arrive at your opinions calmly and dispassionately. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3631740\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7829934\charrsid13657362 [6]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3631740\charrsid13657362 The prosecution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2641336\charrsid13657362 tendered photographs (P2}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3631740\charrsid13657362 ) in evidence by consent }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2641336\charrsid13657362 of the defence. Photographs 2 and 3 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3631740\charrsid13657362 are fairly graphic. You must look at them dispassionately and objectively. They are intende}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2641336\charrsid13657362 d only to show you the injury}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2508837\charrsid13657362 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2641336\charrsid13657362 ustained by the deceased.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3631740\charrsid13657362 Photographs}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2641336\charrsid13657362 5 and 6 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3631740\charrsid13657362 show a stick believed to be}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859216\charrsid13657362 the weapon used in this case}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3631740\charrsid13657362 . However, no stick was tendered in court and there is no evidence that the stick shown in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2641336\charrsid13657362 these photographs }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3631740\charrsid13657362 was used by the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3631740\charrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2508837\charrsid13657362 to hit the deceased. You mus}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2641336\charrsid13657362 t disregard photographs 5 and 6 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2508837\charrsid13657362 from your consideration. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3631740\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \par [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7829934\charrsid13657362 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 ]\tab The charge against }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2764185\charrsid13657362 Semo Ratumaiyale}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 (the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 ), is set out in the amended information that you each have a copy of. Thi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2508837\charrsid13657362 s charge is brought by the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2641336\charrsid13657362 p}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10957001\charrsid13657362 rosecution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2508837\charrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 and the onus of p}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2508837\charrsid13657362 roving it rests on the prosecution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 from beginning to end.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 There is no onus on the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 at any stage to prove his innocence or to prove anything else.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 He does not need to give evidence. In this case he has chosen to do so but he still carries no onus.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 The l}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2508837\charrsid13657362 aw is that the prosecution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 must prove the essential ingredients of the charge beyond reasonable doubt before there can be a finding of guilty.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 This means that before you express an opinion that the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 is guilty, you must be satisf ied so that you are sure of his guilt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 If you have any reasonable doubt about the guilt of the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 , then you must express an opinion of not guilty.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 It is only when you are satisfied so that you are sure of guilt, that you may express an opinion of guilty.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14172211\charrsid13657362 [8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 ]\tab The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2508837\charrsid13657362 s charged with murder. The prosecution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 alleges that the } {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2641336\charrsid13657362 on 4 December 2006 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10762940\charrsid13657362 assaulted }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859216\charrsid13657362 Moape Bati Koroi (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10762940\charrsid13657362 the deceased}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859216\charrsid13657362 )}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10762940\charrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2641336\charrsid13657362 with a stick, causing fatal injury}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10762940\charrsid13657362 and thereby caused his death. The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2641336\charrsid13657362 p}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10957001\charrsid13657362 rosecution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10762940\charrsid13657362 says that the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10762940\charrsid13657362 had the criminal intention at that time which makes that killing a murder.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10762940\charrsid13657362 \par [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4786006\charrsid13657362 9}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10762940\charrsid13657362 ]\tab Another crime that can arise from the killing of a person is manslaughter and it is appropriate that I should explain both these crimes of murder and manslaughter to you. \par \par [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4786006\charrsid13657362 10}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10762940\charrsid13657362 ] \tab Under our law a person can only be criminally responsible for the death of another if his actions come within the crimes of either manslaughter or murder as descried in the Penal Code.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10762940\charrsid13657362 In its simplest terms, the law is this. If a person causes the death of another person by an unlawful act, he is guilty of manslaughter. If in addition to causing the death by an unlawful act, he has what the law calls, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10762940\charrsid13657362 malice aforethought}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5850050\charrsid13657362 , he is guilty of murder. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5850050\charrsid13657362 Malice aforethought}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5850050\charrsid13657362 is a particular criminal purpose or intention that I will shortly explain to you.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10762940\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \par [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4786006\charrsid13657362 11}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 ]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5850050\charrsid13657362 In this case, the charge is murder. There are three ingredients that must be proved for this crime:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13657362 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 That the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 did an unlawful act.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13657362 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362\charrsid13657362 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13657362 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 That this unlawful act caused the death of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10957001\charrsid13657362 deceased}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 .}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13657362 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362\charrsid13657362 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13657362 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 That the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 acted with malice aforethought. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13657362 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5850050\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 [1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4786006\charrsid13657362 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 ]\tab An unlawful act is something done by a person that is against the law.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 A very common example of an unlawful act is where a person deliberately applies force to another person without legal justification.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 If a person intentionally strikes another person without legal justification then that is a criminal assault. In such circumstances a person who deliberately punches, kicks or hits another with a weapon is committing an unlawful act. \par \par [1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4786006\charrsid13657362 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 ]\tab In this case the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2641336\charrsid13657362 p}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10957001\charrsid13657362 rosecution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 alleges that the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5850050\charrsid13657362 hit the deceased on the head with a stick causing head injury. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 If that is what happened then that would be an unlawful act.} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 The defence says that the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 did }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5850050\charrsid13657362 not hit the deceased at all }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 and this allegation i s disputed. \par \par [1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4786006\charrsid13657362 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 ]\tab To find this element proved, you must be satisfied to the required standard that the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5850050\charrsid13657362 did do this unlawful act to the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10957001\charrsid13657362 deceased}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5850050\charrsid13657362 and it was something that inevitable subjected the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10957001\charrsid13657362 deceased}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5850050\charrsid13657362 to the risk of some physical harm. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \par [1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4786006\charrsid13657362 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 ]\tab The second ingredient that must be proved is that the unlawful act caused the death of the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10957001\charrsid13657362 deceased}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 . The law requires a link between the unlawful act and the death.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 Usually the unlawful act causes some specific injury to the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10957001\charrsid13657362 deceased}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 and that particular injury causes the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10957001\charrsid13657362 deceased}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \rquote s death.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 Usually the unlawful act causes an injury which is the sole cause of death. But it is sufficient if it is an operating or substantial cause of death. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5850050\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4786006\charrsid13657362 [16]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2508837\charrsid13657362 So in this case the prosecution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5850050\charrsid13657362 must prove that by an unlawful act in hitting the deceased on the head the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5850050\charrsid13657362 caused head injury to the deceased and that injury caused his death. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \par [1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4786006\charrsid13657362 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 ]\tab The third element that must be proved for the crime of murder is that the person who caused the death of another by an unlawful act did so with }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 malice aforethought}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 This is an old legal term which describes a particular intention or }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6848386\charrsid13657362 state}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 of mind. \par \par [1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4786006\charrsid13657362 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 ]\tab It is an intention to cause death or grievous harm to the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10957001\charrsid13657362 deceased}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 or knowledge that death or grievous harm would probably be cause d, accompanied by indifference whether it is caused or not, or by a wish that it may not be caused. \par \par [1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4786006\charrsid13657362 9}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 ]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12270929\charrsid13657362 In the present case the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6848386\charrsid13657362 p}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10957001\charrsid13657362 rosecution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6848386\charrsid13657362 alleges that the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12270929\charrsid13657362 intended to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1515776\charrsid13657362 at least do grievous harm to the deceased}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12270929\charrsid13657362 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 Grievous harm means any bodily hur t which seriously or permanently injures health or which is likely to seriously or permanently injure health. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12270929\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4786006\charrsid13657362 20}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 ]\tab Therefore the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2641336\charrsid13657362 p}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10957001\charrsid13657362 rosecution}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 mus}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6848386\charrsid13657362 t prove that the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12270929\charrsid13657362 hit the deceased }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5258132\charrsid13657362 causing his}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 death and at that time he intended to cause serious or permanent injury to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5258132\charrsid13657362 the deceased }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 or he knew that serious or permanent injury would be likely to be caused to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5258132\charrsid13657362 the deceased and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 he nevertheless went ahead and did it being indifferent, that is having no concern one way or the other, whether serious or permanent injury was caused or not }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 or}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 that he did it wishing or hoping that such injury would not be caused. \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6848386\charrsid13657362 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4786006\charrsid13657362 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1515776\charrsid13657362 1]\tab An }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \rquote s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6848386\charrsid13657362 state}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2641336\charrsid13657362 of mind is}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 a question of fact for you to determine as any other question of fact.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 It is not possible to have direct evidence of this.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1515776\charrsid13657362 No witness can look into the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \rquote s mind and describe what he was thinking at any particular time.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 However, it is something that can often be inferred from all the proved facts and circumstances.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5258132\charrsid13657362 They include, for instance, what the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5258132\charrsid13657362 himself actually did.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5258132\charrsid13657362 That will often be a very important matter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5258132\charrsid13657362 A person\rquote s actions, in t }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8877299\charrsid13657362 hemselves, may clearly show his}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5258132\charrsid13657362 purpose or intention.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5258132\charrsid13657362 Other matters that may be relevant are what the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5258132\charrsid13657362 said and did before the alleged offence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5258132\charrsid13657362 What the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5258132\charrsid13657362 said at the time of the alleged offence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5258132\charrsid13657362 What the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5258132\charrsid13657362 said and did after the alleged offence, including his }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6848386\charrsid13657362 state}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5258132\charrsid13657362 ment to the police, and what the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5258132\charrsid13657362 said in evidence. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14956374\charrsid13657362 [22]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5258132\charrsid13657362 You should consider all the pro ved facts and circumstances, including those I have just mentioned, and from them you are entitled to draw proper inferences as to the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5258132\charrsid13657362 \rquote s beliefs, knowledge, purposes and intentions.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5258132\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \par [2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14956374\charrsid13657362 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 ]\tab That completes my explanation to you on the crime of murder. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16078608\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14956374\charrsid13657362 [24]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16078608\charrsid13657362 To summarise there are three elements to be proved for the crime of murder. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100310\charrsid13657362 First, an unlawful act. Second, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16078608\charrsid13657362 that the unlawful act caused the death of the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10957001\charrsid13657362 deceased}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8877299\charrsid13657362 . The third element}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100310\charrsid13657362 of murder }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8877299\charrsid13657362 is}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100310\charrsid13657362 proof of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16078608\charrsid13657362 malice aforethought which is the specific in tention or knowledge that I have just explained to you. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \par [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9598075\charrsid13657362 25}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 ]\tab On the basis of these legal principles that I have explained to you, you must consider the evidence in this case and decide what has been proved. As I said earlier, it is your job to assess the credibility of the witnesses.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8877299\charrsid13657362 You reca}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100310\charrsid13657362 ll the witnesses including the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8877299\charrsid13657362 were crossed examined on their statements to the police. A previous statement made by a witness is not evidence. What a witness says in court is evidence. However, previous incons istent statement may be used to cross-examine a witness to show that because he made an inconsistent statement previously, that his evidence in court should not be believed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8877299\charrsid13657362 In assessing the credibility }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16479181\charrsid13657362 of a witness on the basis of previous inconsistent st atement, you may consider whether the inconsistency is on a material issue and the explanation offered by the witness for the inconsistency. You decide who is truthful and to be believed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8877299\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid859216\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3866766\charrsid13657362 [26]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16479181\charrsid13657362 In this case the prosecution and the defence have agreed to certain facts. You have been given copies of the Agreed Facts. The Agreed Facts are part of the evidence and you should accept these Agreed Facts as accurate and the truth.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16479181\charrsid13657362 They are, of course, an important part of the case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16479181\charrsid13657362 The agreement of these facts has avoided the calling of a number of witnesses, and thereby saved a lot of court time.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16479181\charrsid13657362 \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3938980\charrsid13657362 [27]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8877299\charrsid13657362 I will now remind you of the case for the prosecution and the defence.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8877299\charrsid13657362 In doing this it would be tedious and impractica l for me to go through the evidence of every witness in detail and repeat every submission made by counsel.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8877299\charrsid13657362 I will summarize the salient features.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8877299\charrsid13657362 If I do not mention a particular witness, or a particular piece of evidence or a particular submission of co}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13259441\charrsid13657362 unsel, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8877299\charrsid13657362 that does not mean it is unimportant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8877299\charrsid13657362 You should consider and evaluate all the evidence and all the submissions in coming to your decision in this case.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \par \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 Prosecution Case \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282389\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3938980\charrsid13657362 [2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10895731\charrsid13657362 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3938980\charrsid13657362 ]\tab }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100310\charrsid13657362 The prosecution called s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13259441\charrsid13657362 even}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100310\charrsid13657362 witnesses and tendered three exhibits by consent. \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10895731\charrsid13657362 29}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 ]\tab }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282389\charrsid13657362 The first witness was Jos}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5846111\charrsid13657362 aia Taka.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5846111\charrsid13657362 Josaia along with the deceased and two }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3304583\charrsid13657362 other boys}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5846111\charrsid13657362 went }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100310\charrsid13657362 across }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5846111\charrsid13657362 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100310\charrsid13657362 Laqere }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7503597\charrsid13657362 River}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100310\charrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5846111\charrsid13657362 to the Nepani side }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100310\charrsid13657362 on the night of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5846111\charrsid13657362 4 December 2006. The four boys crossed the}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282389\charrsid13657362 river i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5846111\charrsid13657362 n the deceased\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033655\charrsid13657362 boat}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5846111\charrsid13657362 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282389\charrsid13657362 As they approached the rubbish dump across the river,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5846111\charrsid13657362 the settlement along the river}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7544863\charrsid13657362 were }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5846111\charrsid13657362 alerted by the barking of dogs. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7544863\charrsid13657362 The bo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033655\charrsid13657362 ys tried }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7544863\charrsid13657362 to escape} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033655\charrsid13657362 in their boat}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7544863\charrsid13657362 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282389\charrsid13657362 Josaia said he saw two Indian men coming towards them }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7544863\charrsid13657362 in a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282389\charrsid13657362 boat.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282389\charrsid13657362 The boys jumped into th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7544863\charrsid13657362 e river.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7544863\charrsid13657362 Josaia and Sireli managed to swim}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282389\charrsid13657362 across the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7544863\charrsid13657362 river and hid in the mangroves while the deceased and Matai cling to the boat they came in. While Josaia}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282389\charrsid13657362 was hiding in the mangroves he heard a Fijian man saying }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7544863\charrsid13657362 why they were stealing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7544863\charrsid13657362 He }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16282389\charrsid13657362 could hear }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033655\charrsid13657362 the sound of a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10624082\charrsid13657362 n}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033655\charrsid13657362 outboard}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7544863\charrsid13657362 engine}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033655\charrsid13657362 coming from the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3304583\charrsid13657362 river}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7544863\charrsid13657362 . Josaia could not identify the Fijian man because it was dark. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7476889\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13241042\charrsid13657362 \par [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10895731\charrsid13657362 30}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13241042\charrsid13657362 ]\tab The second witness was Pr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7544863\charrsid13657362 adeep Kumar.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7544863\charrsid13657362 Pradeep resides along}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13241042\charrsid13657362 the banks of Laqere }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10624082\charrsid13657362 R}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13241042\charrsid13657362 iver.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13241042\charrsid13657362 At around 8pm on 4 December 2006 he was at home with his tenant Bhim }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7544863\charrsid13657362 Deo when he heard a commotion}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13241042\charrsid13657362 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13241042\charrsid13657362 He went out and saw an outboard boat }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3304583\charrsid13657362 being driven }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13241042\charrsid13657362 in the river.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13241042\charrsid13657362 At }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3304583\charrsid13657362 that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13241042\charrsid13657362 time he could not recognize who was driving the boat.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7544863\charrsid13657362 He said p}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13241042\charrsid13657362 eople from }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7544863\charrsid13657362 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13241042\charrsid13657362 Nepani side were throwing }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4202935\charrsid13657362 big }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13241042\charrsid13657362 stones into the river.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13241042\charrsid13657362 Pradeep }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4202935\charrsid13657362 and Bhim Deo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3304583\charrsid13657362 got into the river in their}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13241042\charrsid13657362 boat.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4202935\charrsid13657362 He found}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13241042\charrsid13657362 a boy drowning.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4202935\charrsid13657362 Bhim Deo pulled the boy into the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13241042\charrsid13657362 boat.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4202935\charrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10178406\charrsid13657362 After the boy was pull}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4202935\charrsid13657362 ed into the}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10178406\charrsid13657362 boat, the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10178406\charrsid13657362 approached them in his boat and asked him to hand over the boy }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4202935\charrsid13657362 to him}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10178406\charrsid13657362 because he knew him. \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14956374\charrsid13657362 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5393900\charrsid13657362 31}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10178406\charrsid13657362 ]\tab }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9203844\charrsid13657362 The third witness was Bhim Deo.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9203844\charrsid13657362 He gave a similar account as given by Pradeep.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9203844\charrsid13657362 He said he sl}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10624082\charrsid13657362 apped}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9203844\charrsid13657362 the boy he pulled out because he wanted to jump again into the river.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4202935\charrsid13657362 You may think that the evidence of Pradeep and Bhim D eo did not implicate the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4202935\charrsid13657362 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10178406\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9203844\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5393900\charrsid13657362 [32}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9203844\charrsid13657362 ]\tab The fourth witness was Malakai Lagi.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3304583\charrsid13657362 He is a crucial witness for the prosecution because only his evidence implicates the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10356547\charrsid13657362 . The prosecution }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3304583\charrsid13657362 substantially }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10356547\charrsid13657362 relies upon the accurac}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3304583\charrsid13657362 y of the identification of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10356547\charrsid13657362 by Malakai.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9203844\charrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3304583\charrsid13657362 The defence disputes the identification of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3304583\charrsid13657362 and says that Malakai is mistaken in his identification.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9203844\charrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4094908\charrsid13657362 I must warn you of the special need for caution before relying on Malakai\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10356547\charrsid13657362 evidence of identification alone as the basis for a conviction.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4094908\charrsid13657362 A witness who is convinced in his own mind may as a result be a convincing witness, but may nevertheless be mistaken. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10356547\charrsid13657362 Bear in mind that we all make mistakes in thinking that we recognize people even those we know well. That is not to say th at you cannot rely on identification evidence. Of course you may, but you need to be careful in deciding whether the evidence is good enough to be relied upon. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4094908\charrsid13657362 You should therefore examine carefully the circumstances in which the identification}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10356547\charrsid13657362 of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4094908\charrsid13657362 by Malakai was made.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4094908\charrsid13657362 In assessing the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3304583\charrsid13657362 evidence you must consider the following}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4094908\charrsid13657362 : For how long did he have the person he says was the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4094908\charrsid13657362 under observation?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4094908\charrsid13657362 At what distance?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4094908\charrsid13657362 In what light?}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4094908\charrsid13657362 Did anything interfere with the observation?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4094908\charrsid13657362 Had the witness ever seen the person he observed before?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4094908\charrsid13657362 If so, how often?} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4094908\charrsid13657362 If only occasionally, had he any special reason for remembering him? \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5393900\charrsid13657362 [33]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9203844\charrsid13657362 Malakai said on the evening of 4 December 2006 he was visiting a house near Laqere }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13239771\charrsid13657362 River}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9203844\charrsid13657362 when he heard a commotion from the opposite side of the river.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9203844\charrsid13657362 He went to the river bank.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9203844\charrsid13657362 The width of the river is about 20 metres.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9203844\charrsid13657362 While he was standing }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid143638\charrsid13657362 at the river bank he saw the deceased near a boat on the Nepani side of the river.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid143638\charrsid13657362 He knew the deceased for about 8 months.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid143638\charrsid13657362 They played touch rugby together.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid143638\charrsid13657362 Malakai said the deceased was about 18 metres away from where he w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3304583\charrsid13657362 as standing.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3304583\charrsid13657362 Malakai said the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid143638\charrsid13657362 approached the deceased in his boat.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid143638\charrsid13657362 He could recognize the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid143638\charrsid13657362 because they played touch rugby before.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid143638\charrsid13657362 Malakai had known the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid143638\charrsid13657362 for six months.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid143638\charrsid13657362 When the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid143638\charrsid13657362 approached the deceased, he }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13057955\charrsid13657362 hit the deceased three times on the head with a stick.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13057955\charrsid13657362 The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13057955\charrsid13657362 said to the deceased }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13057955\charrsid13657362 this is what you Fijians do to the Indians.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 " }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13057955\charrsid13657362 Malakai said he did not see the deceased again. The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13057955\charrsid13657362 had }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4202935\charrsid13657362 a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13057955\charrsid13657362 torch with him.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13057955\charrsid13657362 There was light coming from the house on the cliff on the Nepani side and he recognized the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13057955\charrsid13657362 in the moonlight.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14095254\charrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13057955\charrsid13657362 In cross-examination Malakai said he did not hear the deceased scream when the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13057955\charrsid13657362 hit him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13057955\charrsid13657362 He did not go to the police for nine months because he thought the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13057955\charrsid13657362 was already charged.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14095254\charrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8680010\charrsid13657362 The inherent weakness in the evidence is that the identification was made in }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16068674\charrsid13657362 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8680010\charrsid13657362 dark with only moonlight and light coming from the houses along the river bank and from a distance of 18 meters. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14095254\charrsid13657362 Against these matters you must weigh the warning that I earlier gave about the possibility of identification witness being perfectly honest and convinced but nonetheless mistaken.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14095254\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4810761\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14956374\charrsid13657362 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6510644\charrsid13657362 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14956374\charrsid13657362 4}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4810761\charrsid13657362 ]\tab The sixth witness wa}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14095254\charrsid13657362 s Ana Hoit Ratu.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14095254\charrsid13657362 She identified}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4810761\charrsid13657362 the deceased body}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14095254\charrsid13657362 when it was found floating in Laqere }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10768358\charrsid13657362 R}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14095254\charrsid13657362 iver on 6 December 2006. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4810761\charrsid13657362 \par [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6510644\charrsid13657362 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14956374\charrsid13657362 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4810761\charrsid13657362 ]\tab The seventh witness was DC Puamau who interviewed the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4810761\charrsid13657362 und}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8680010\charrsid13657362 er caution.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8680010\charrsid13657362 The caution}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4810761\charrsid13657362 interview}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8680010\charrsid13657362 (P1)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4810761\charrsid13657362 is n}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14095254\charrsid13657362 ot in dispute.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14095254\charrsid13657362 The caution statements are}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4810761\charrsid13657362 both evidence against and for the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4810761\charrsid13657362 . }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14095254\charrsid13657362 What weight you attach to the caution statements of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14095254\charrsid13657362 is a matter for you.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4810761\charrsid13657362 In his interview }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2973366\charrsid13657362 the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2973366\charrsid13657362 said on the evening of 4 December 2006 he was at one Tarik\rquote s house near the banks of Laqere }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10768358\charrsid13657362 R}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2973366\charrsid13657362 iver watching a movie when he heard a commotion.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2973366\charrsid13657362 He showed his torch}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10768358\charrsid13657362 l}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2973366\charrsid13657362 ight towards }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14095254\charrsid13657362 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2973366\charrsid13657362 river and saw a punt with three }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3500363\charrsid13657362 people in the river trying to hide by the side of a boat.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3500363\charrsid13657362 He said that it was a clear night with moonlight.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3500363\charrsid13657362 The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3500363\charrsid13657362 got into his boat and after starting the outboard engine drove towards the spot he saw the boys.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3500363\charrsid13657362 As he was about to reach the spot, he saw two boys swimming towards the mangrove.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3500363\charrsid13657362 He could not see where the third boy had gone.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3500363\charrsid13657362 He then proceeded to Pradeep \rquote s boat who had got hold of Matai.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3500363\charrsid13657362 He knew Matai and asked Pradeep to hand over the boy to him.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8851241\charrsid13657362 The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8851241\charrsid13657362 said he did not see the deceased at all on that night.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8851241\charrsid13657362 He said he never hit the deceased.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4810761\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8851241\charrsid13657362 \par [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6510644\charrsid13657362 36}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8851241\charrsid13657362 ]\tab You also have before you the post mortem report }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8680010\charrsid13657362 (P3) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8851241\charrsid13657362 of the deceased which was tendered by consent.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8851241\charrsid13657362 The post mortem examination of the deceased revealed that he had sustained a 6 x 1cm tear on the front surface of the skull.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8851241\charrsid13657362 The deceased died of raised intra-cranial tension due to intracranial haemorrhage as a complication of blunt impact to the head. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6903281\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6510644\charrsid13657362 37}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 ]\tab That was the prosecution case. \par \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 Defence Case \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10822261\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13912659\charrsid13657362 38}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 ]\tab The }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 gave evidence, mostly consistent with his caution }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8680010\charrsid13657362 state}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 ments.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16479181\charrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472471\charrsid13657362 The }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472471\charrsid13657362 said he did not see the deceased at all on the night}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15008445\charrsid13657362 in question and he did not assault }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472471\charrsid13657362 him. In cross-examination the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472471\charrsid13657362 said he was forced by the police to implicate Pradeep. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16479181\charrsid13657362 His evidence must be considered along with all the other evidence and you can attach such weight to it as you think appropriate. \par \par [39]\tab You will generally find that an }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16479181\charrsid13657362 gives an innocent explanation and one of three situations then arises: \par \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid16479181\charrsid13657362 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13657362 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16479181\charrsid13657362 You may believe him and, if you believe him, then your opinion must be Not Guilty.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16479181\charrsid13657362 He did not commit the offence. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13657362 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12615149\charrsid13657362 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid16479181\charrsid13657362 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13657362 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16479181\charrsid13657362 Alternatively without necessarily believing him you may say \lquote well that might be true\rquote .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16479181\charrsid13657362 If that is so, it means there is a reasonable doubt in your minds and so again your opinion must be }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011486\charrsid13657362 N}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16479181\charrsid13657362 ot }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011486\charrsid13657362 G}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16479181\charrsid13657362 uilty. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13657362 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12615149\charrsid13657362 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid16479181\charrsid13657362 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13657362 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16479181\charrsid13657362 The third possibility is that you reject his evidence as being untrue.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16479181\charrsid13657362 That does not mean that he is automatically guilty of the offence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16479181\charrsid13657362 The situation would then be the same as if he had not given any evidence at all.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16479181\charrsid13657362 He would not have discredited the evidence of the prosecution witnesses in any way.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16479181\charrsid13657362 If pro secution evidence proves that he committed the offence then the proper opinion would be }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011486\charrsid13657362 G}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16479181\charrsid13657362 uilty. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13657362 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11542689\charrsid13657362 \par [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13501105\charrsid13657362 40}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11542689\charrsid13657362 ]\tab The second witness for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472471\charrsid13657362 the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11542689\charrsid13657362 defence was Mataiasi Nakaulave.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11542689\charrsid13657362 Matai said he was in the river on the night in question with the deceased and two other boys.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472471\charrsid13657362 He said that people from the Nepani side of} {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472471\charrsid13657362 river threw stones at them. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11542689\charrsid13657362 He saw the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11542689\charrsid13657362 got into his boat and come straight to him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11542689\charrsid13657362 He only recognized the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11542689\charrsid13657362 when his boat came closer to him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11542689\charrsid13657362 He did not see the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11542689\charrsid13657362 hitting the deceased. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472471\charrsid13657362 He did not hear the deceased scream.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11542689\charrsid13657362 Matai said he was pulled out of the water by t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472471\charrsid13657362 wo Indians and was assaulted by them. The}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11542689\charrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11542689\charrsid13657362 intervened and stopped the assault. \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13501105\charrsid13657362 41}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 ]\tab That was }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472471\charrsid13657362 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 defence case. \par \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid802574\charrsid13657362 Analysis}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid802574\charrsid13657362 \par \par [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161093\charrsid13657362 42}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472471\charrsid13657362 ]\tab It is not in dispute that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224148\charrsid13657362 on the night of 4 December 2006}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472471\charrsid13657362 the deceased sustained a head injury while he was}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid802574\charrsid13657362 in the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224148\charrsid13657362 Laqere }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11021571\charrsid13657362 R}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224148\charrsid13657362 iver with his friends}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid802574\charrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472471\charrsid13657362 and that injury caused his death. It is not in dispute that the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472471\charrsid13657362 was present in the river when the deceased got injured.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472471\charrsid13657362 Wha}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 t is in dispute is whether the Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15472471\charrsid13657362 caused the fatal injury to t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6961214\charrsid13657362 he deceased by an unlawful act }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid802574\charrsid13657362 and whether he did so with}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224148\charrsid13657362 malice aforethought.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid802574\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224148\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161093\charrsid13657362 [43]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224148\charrsid13657362 The prosecution is asking you to accept the evidence of Malakai Lagi as credible and reliable. Malakai saw the } {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224148\charrsid13657362 hit the deceased three times on the head with a stick. The prosecution says that the lightening condition in the river was sufficient for Malakai to recognize the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224148\charrsid13657362 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224148\charrsid13657362 The prosecution says Malakai is not mistaken about the identity of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224148\charrsid13657362 because he had }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 known him from before.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224148\charrsid13657362 \par \par [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6848130\charrsid13657362 44}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224148\charrsid13657362 ]\tab The defence says Malakai is mistaken about the identity of the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224148\charrsid13657362 . His identification was made in dark and in circumstances that make the identification unreliable. The defence says other witnesses who were present in the river and who gave evidence di}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 d not see the Accused assault}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224148\charrsid13657362 the deceased nor did they hear the deceased scream }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13264957\charrsid13657362 if he indeed was assaulted by the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13264957\charrsid13657362 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224148\charrsid13657362 The defence }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13264957\charrsid13657362 is asking you to reject }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224148\charrsid13657362 Malak}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13264957\charrsid13657362 ai\rquote s evidence}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224148\charrsid13657362 as being unreliable. \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6848130\charrsid13657362 [45]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11025949\charrsid13657362 You must first of all consider whether you accept the identification evidence bearing in mind the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1200867\charrsid13657362 directi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16714151\charrsid13657362 on I gave earlier on the need for}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1200867\charrsid13657362 special care}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16714151\charrsid13657362 before acting on such evidence alone to convict}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1200867\charrsid13657362 . If you are not satisfied beyond a reasonable do}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16714151\charrsid13657362 ubt that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1200867\charrsid13657362 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16714151\charrsid13657362 assaulted the deceased in the manner described by Malakai Lagi, then there is no unlawful act and your opinion must be not guilty.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11025949\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16714151\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11032370\charrsid13657362 [46]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16714151\charrsid13657362 If you are satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt that the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16714151\charrsid13657362 committed an unlawful act by assaulting th e deceased in the manner described by Malakai Lagi, then go on to consider whether the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10643015\charrsid13657362 deceased\rquote s death was caused by the unlawful act of the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10643015\charrsid13657362 . If you accept the medical evidence of cause of death, then you can have no doubt that }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13264957\charrsid13657362 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10643015\charrsid13657362 deceased sustained a blow to his head that led to his death. \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11032370\charrsid13657362 [47]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10643015\charrsid13657362 If you are satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt that the death of the deceased was caused and that it was caused by an unlawful act of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10643015\charrsid13657362 , then you must decide whether it was done with malice aforethought}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13264957\charrsid13657362 ,}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10643015\charrsid13657362 that is, whether th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 e Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10643015\charrsid13657362 either }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11021571\charrsid13657362 -}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10643015\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14880411\charrsid13657362 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid10643015\charrsid13657362 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13657362 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10643015\charrsid13657362 Intended to cause the death of the deceased or}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10643015 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13657362 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362\charrsid13657362 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid10643015\charrsid13657362 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13657362 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10643015\charrsid13657362 Intended to cause him serious injury or}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10643015 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13657362 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362\charrsid13657362 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid10643015\charrsid13657362 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13657362 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10643015\charrsid13657362 Knew that his act would probably cause death or}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10643015 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13657362 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362\charrsid13657362 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid10643015\charrsid13657362 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (d)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid13657362 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10643015\charrsid13657362 Knew that his act would probably cause serious injury. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13657362 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10643015\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14880411\charrsid13657362 [48]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10643015\charrsid13657362 If you are not satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt that the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10643015\charrsid13657362 had malice aforethought you will render opinions of manslaughter. \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5655566\charrsid13657362 [49]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10643015\charrsid13657362 If you are satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt that the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10643015\charrsid13657362 acted with malice aforethought }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224148\charrsid13657362 you will advise me that he is guilty of murder. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10643015\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid802574\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12731560\charrsid13657362 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16201966\charrsid13657362 0}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 ]\tab You will have to evaluate all the evidence when you consider the charge against the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 has been proved.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224148\charrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 Remember the }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 carries no burden to prove anything. The burden is on the prosecution to satisfy guilt beyond }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 reasonable doubt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362\charrsid13657362 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 Conclusion \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2034629\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16202631\charrsid13657362 51}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 ]\tab Madam and Gentlemen assessors, that concludes my summing up of the law and the evidence in this particular trial. \par \par [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16202631\charrsid13657362 52}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 ]\tab We have now reached the stage where you must retire to your room to deliberate together and form your individual opinions on the charge against the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 You may have with you any of the exhibits that you would like to consider. \par \par [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16202631\charrsid13657362 53}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 ]\tab When you have reached your separate decisions you will all come back into Court and you will each be asked to }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14297351\charrsid13657362 state }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 your opinion as to whether the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 is guilty or not guilty of the charge.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 The possible opinions you could have in this case as I have already explained to you are that the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10224148\charrsid13657362 is guilty of murder or guilty of manslaughter or not guilty of any offence.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \par \par [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16202631\charrsid13657362 54}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 ]\tab Would you please now retire to consider your opinions?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13657362 }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 When you have made your decisions would you please advise the Court officer and the Court will reconvene to receive your opinions? \par \par [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16202631\charrsid13657362 55}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 ]\tab Thank you. \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13657362 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\'85. \par Daniel Goundar \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 JUDGE \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13657362 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 At Suva \par Tuesday }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12731560\charrsid13657362 26th January 2010}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid6827539 Solicitors: \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions, Suv}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9261754\charrsid13657362 a for the State}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3618944\charrsid13657362 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12731560\charrsid13657362 Naco Chambers for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2230172\charrsid13657362 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13718764\charrsid13657362 Accused}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12731560\charrsid13657362 \par }}