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{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6229820 \f57\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI \par AT LABASA \par APPELLATE JURISDICTION \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6229820 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6229820 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 Criminal Appeal No: HAA 002 of 2010 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6229820 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6229820 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 BETWEEN: \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6229820 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6229820 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 IOWANE CAWARU \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 Appellant \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6229820 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6229820 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 AND: \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6229820 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6229820 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 THE STATE \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 Respondent \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6229820 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 \par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid7291992 Date of Hearing}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 :}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 19th February 2010 \par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid7291992 Date of Judgment}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 :}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 12th April 2010 \par \par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid7291992 Counsel}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 : }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 Mr. A. Sen for Appellant \par Ms S. Bull for State \par \par }\pard \s15\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6229820 {\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 JUDGMENT \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6229820 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7291992 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 [1] }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 Following a trial in the Magistrate\rquote s Court, the appellant was convicted of dangerous driving.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 He was sentenced to 8 months imprisonment and fined $1,000.00 in default an additional term of 6 months imprisonment.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 Further , he was disqualified from driving for 6 months. \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par [2] }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 He appeals against conviction and sentence on the following grounds: \par }\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6229820 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7291992 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 1. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 That the learned Trial Magistrate erred in convicting the Appellant when no one was hurt and the circumstances of driving did not constitute such charge. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6229820 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7291992 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 2. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 That the Learned Magistrate erred in failing to analyse the evidence before him and did not take the defence person into consideration. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6229820 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7291992 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 3. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 That the Learned Trial Magistrate erred in sentencing the Appellant to 8 months in prison, $1,000 fine and 6 months driving licence off and took into consideration irrelevant matters in imposing the said sentence. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6229820 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7291992 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 4. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 That the sentence imposed by the Learned Magistrate is harsh taking into consideration all circumstances of the case. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6229820 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 \par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 First Ground}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7291992 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 [3]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 This ground of appeal asserts that in order to sustain a charge of dangerous driving, someone has to be injured.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 I find this argument to be misconceived. \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 [4]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 The appellant was charged contrary to section 98(1) of the Land Transport Authority Act of 1998.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 Section 98(1) states: \par }\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6229820 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7291992 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 Any person who drives a motor vehicle on a public street \'85 in a manner which is dangerous to the public having regard to all the circumstances of the case including the nature, condition and use of the public street and the amount of traffic which is actually at the time or which might reasonably be expected to be on the public street, commit s an offence and, subject to subsections (2) and (3), is liable upon conviction to the prescribed penalty.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7291992 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par [5] }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 The essential elements of a charge under section 98(1) are: \par }\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6229820 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7291992 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 1. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 Any person}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7291992 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7291992 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 2. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 who drives a motor vehicle}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7291992 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7291992 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 3. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 on a public street}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7291992 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7291992 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 4. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 in a manner which is dangerous to the public having regard to all the circumstances of the case. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7291992 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par [6] }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 Proof of injury to someone is not required to sustain a charge under section 98(1) because it is not an essential element of the offence. \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 [7]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 In the present case, t he charge was properly drafted.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 It included all the essential elements of the offence.}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 There was no requirement for the charge to include something that was not an element of the offence.}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 Nor was there any requirement to prove injury to someone to sustain the charge. This ground fails. \par }\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6229820 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11604296 {\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 Second Ground}{ \b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7291992 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par [8] }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 This ground has merits.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 The State concedes this ground of appeal. \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par [9] }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 The prosecution relied on the evidence of two civilian witnesses.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 Nacanieli Namata said he was employed by PWD Roads Section and on 17 October 2005 he was working in Savusavu Town painting a pedestrian crossing.}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 They had placed wires around the zebra crossing they were painting.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 } {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 He said the appellant drove his vehicle through the pedestrian crossing knocking down a cone.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 The witness said he was standing on the footpath at the time the accused knocked down a cone. \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par [10] }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 The second witness was Malakai Rakula who was working on the pedestrian crossing with Nacanieli Namata.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 Malakai said he was just about to step on the road when the appellant drove by and knocked down a cone.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 Malakai said he was almost bumped by the appellant. \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par [11] }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 The appellant was unrepresented at the trial.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 He gave unsworn evidence. He said on the day in question he was not in Savusavu.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 He did not drive any vehicle.}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 He was fishing in Nawaikava. \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par [12] }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 In his judgment, the learned Magistrate outlined in detail the evidence that was led at the trial.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 The learned Magistrate accepted the evidence of the prosecution witnesses over the unsworn evidence of the appellant. In assessing the appellant\rquote s defence of alibi, the learned Magistrate said: \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7291992 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 18. The accused failed to call evidence to support his version of the facts that: \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6229820 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7291992 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 (i) }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 he wasn \rquote t in Savusavu on the morning of Monday 17th October, 2007 but fishing with his friend, Kulder Singh in Nawaikava; and \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7291992 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid7291992 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 (ii) }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 on the morning of Monday 17th October, 2005 he was not driving his taxi because his licence had expired and was not renewed at that point in time. \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7291992 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid7291992 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 19. The evidence of the Accused was very doubtful because he could not be cross-examined on his defence.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7291992 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par [13] }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 After rejecting the appellant\rquote s defence, the learned Magistrate proceeded to consider the penalty for the offence.}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 After considering the penalty, the learned Magistrate found the charge proved. \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par [14] }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 In his judgment the learned Magistrate made two fundamental errors. \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par [15] }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 The first error concerns the manner in which the learned Magistrate dealt with the appellant\rquote s defence of alibi. \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par [16] }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 When an accused raises alibi as a defence, the prosecution must disprove it }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 (}{ \b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 R v. Anderson}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 [1991] Crim. L.R. 361}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 and }{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 R v. Baillie}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 [1995] 2 Cr. App. R. 31)}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 This is because in a criminal trial, the prosecution carries the burden to prove the guilt of an accused.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 The accused does not have to prove anything.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 The burden of proof remains on the prosecution from the beginning to the end of the trial. \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 [17]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 The statement of the learned Magistrate that the appellant failed to call evidence to support his alibi, tends to reverse or diminish the onus of proof, in so far as it invited the appellant to prove his defence. This was a prejudicial error. \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par [18] }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 The second error made by the learned Magistrate is, considering the penalty for the offence before finding of guilt.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 It is trite law that penalty for an offence is irrelevant when it comes to finding of guilt of an accused. \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par [19] }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 Finding of guilt is made on facts proven by evidence.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 The tribunal of fact is not supposed to consider punishment when considering guilt of an accused.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 That was done in this case. \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par [20] }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 The conviction of the appellant is rendered unsafe because of these fundamental errors made by the learned Magistrate in his judgment. \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par [21] }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 For these reasons, I quash the conviction of the appellant.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 The grounds of appeal relating to the appeal against sentence are no longer relevant in these circumstances. \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par [22] }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 The appellant opposes an order for a retrial.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 He had already served a portion of his sentence.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 I have considered the strength of the prosecution case.}{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 I find the evidence to be weak to sustain the charge.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{ \f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 The offence is more than four years old. \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par [23] }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 In these circumstances, it is not in the interests of justice to order a retrial. \par }\pard \s15\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6229820 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid12084511 {\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 Result}{\b\f0\fs24\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 \par }\pard \s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid7291992 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 [24]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 The conviction is quashed and sentence is set aside.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 There will be no order for a retrial. \par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7291992 \par [25] }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 The appeal is allowed. \par }\pard\plain \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717638 \f57\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6229820\charrsid2717638 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717638 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid6229820\charrsid2717638 Daniel Goundar \par JUDGE \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2717638 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6229820\charrsid2717638 \par At Labasa \par 12th April 2010 \par \par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid6229820\charrsid2717638 Solicitors: \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid6229820\charrsid2717638 Messrs. Maqbool & Company for Appellant \par Office of the Director}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid2717638 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6229820\charrsid6229820 of Public Prosecutions for State}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1972231\charrsid6229820 \par }}