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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI \par AT LAUTOKA \par CIVIL JURISDICTION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 Civil Action No: HBC 19 of 2010L \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 BETWEEN:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 FIJI DEVELOPMENT BANK \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 Plaintiff \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 AND:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 RATU TEVITA RAIVALITA KOMAISAVI aka TEVITA KOMAISAVAI \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 Defendant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 FINAL JUDGMENT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 Judgment of: Inoke J. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 Counsel Appearing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 : Mr. A. Patel on instructions of Lajendra Law for the Plaintiff \par No Appearance for the Defendant after call \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 Solicitors}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 : M/s Lajendra Law for the Plaintiff \par No Representation \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 Date of Hearing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 : Judgment on Notice \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 Date of Judgment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 9 April 2010 \par \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid5710870 INTRODUCTION \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781 [1] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 This is an application by Originating Summons by the Plaintiff, (hereinafter "FDB" or the "bank" ), as mortgagee, against its customer, the Defendant, for vacant possession of the Defendant\rquote s property which was mortgaged to the bank as security for a loan. \par \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid5710870 CASE HISTORY \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781 [2] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 The Originating Summons and the affidavit in support were filed on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 9 February 2010}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 . The Summons returnable on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 25 March 2010}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid3962781 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351 [3] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 According to the affidavit of service that was filed, the Summons and the affidavit in support were served on the Defendant on }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 22 February 2010}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 . \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351 [4] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 For some unknown reason, the matter was called on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 23 March 2010}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 , two days earlier than noted on the Summons, and not surprisingly the Defendant did not appear. Counsel then appearing for the FDB asked for order in terms of the summons. I thought the application still had to be heard so I adjourned the matter to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 25 March}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 for hearing. \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351 [5] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 On 25 March 2010, no one appeared other than the clerk for the solicitors for the FDB who instructed other Counse l to appear out of courtesy to the Court on behalf of the bank. Counsel handed up written submissions from FDB\rquote s solicitors but as Counsel was not properly instructed to make oral submissions, I informed him that I would deliver judgment on notice. This is that judgment. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 THE APPLICATION \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351 [6] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 The Originating Summons seeks the following orders: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid16056351 1. }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 Delivery by the Defendant and/or his servants and/or agents to the Plaintiff of vacant possession of ALL THAT property comprised and described in Native Lease No. 2533 6 being Lot 91 aka Lot 17 on S.O. 1436 in the Island of Ba and District of Vitogo, having an area of 462sqm situated at Lot 9 Kaunitoni Street, Waiyavi Subdivision, Stage 4, Lautoka together with the improvements thereon. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid16056351 2. }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 An injunction restraining the Defendant and/or his servants and/or agents from interfering with the improvements on the said property in any way so as to deplete its value. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid16056351 3. }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 Such further or other relief as seems just and equitable to this Honourable Court. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid16056351 4. }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 Costs of this action. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid3962781 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351 [7] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 The application is pursuant to the Mortgagee Actions provisions of the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 High Court Rules 1988, Order 88. \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351 [8] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 It is supported by the affidavit of FDB\rquote s senior tender officer. The officer annexed to his affidavit certified copies of the Native Lease and the registered Mortgage. The affidavit also provided the amount of the advance, the monthly repayment and the repayment arrears and the total amount outstanding as at 6 May 2009. A demand for the arrears was served on the Defendant on 6 May 2009 and no response having b een received by the Plaintiff, a further demand for the total amount outstanding was served on 27 July 2009. Again the Defendant did not respond so the Plaintiff advertised the mortgaged property for mortgagee sale but did not receive any tenders. The of ficer also says that he believes the Defendant may "remove and/or damage attachments which form part of the improvements to the said property thereby causing serious economic waste and severely depleting the value of the Bank\rquote s Mortgage security". \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 THE LAW \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351 [9] }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 Order 88, r. 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 provides: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 (1) This Order applies to any action (whether begun by writ or originating summons) by a mortgagee or by any other person having the right to foreclose or redeem any mortgage, being an action in which there is a claim for any of the following reliefs, namely \endash \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 (a) \par . \par . \par (d) delivery of possession (whether before or after foreclosure or without foreclosure)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 to the mortgagee by the mortgagor or by any other person who is or is alleged to be in possession of the property. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 (2) In this Order, "mortgage" includes a legal and an equitable mortgage and a legal and an equitable charge, and references to a mortgagor, a mortgagee and mortgaged property shall be construed accordingly. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 (3) An action to which this Order applies is referred to in this Order as a mortgage action. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 (4) These Rules apply to mortgage actions subject to the following provisions of this Order. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351 10. }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 Order 88, r. 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 provides: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid16056351 (1) }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 Where in a mortgage action begun by originating summons, being an action in which the plaintiff is the mortgagee and claims delivery of possession or the payment of moneys secured by the mortgage or both, any defendant fails to acknowledge service of the originating summons, the following provisions of this rule shall apply, and any references in thos e provisions to the defendant shall be construed as references to any such defendant. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 This rule shall not be taken as affecting Order 28, rule 4, in so far as it requires any document to be served on, or notice given to, a defendant who has acknowledged service of the originating summons in the action. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid16056351 (2) }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 Not less than 4 clear days before the day fixed for the first hearing of the originating summons the plaintiff must serve on the defendant a copy of the notice of appointment for the hearing and a copy of the affidavit in support of the summons. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid16056351 (3) }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 Where the plaintiff claims delivery of possession there must be indorsed on the outside fold of the copy of the affidavit serviced (sic) on the defendant a notice informing the defendant that the plaintiff intends at the hearing to apply for an order to the defendant to deliver up to the plaintiff possession of the mortgaged property and for such other relief (if any) claimed by the originating summons as the plaintiff intends to apply for at the hearing. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid16056351 (4) }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 Where the h earing is adjourned, then, subject to any directions given by the Court, the plaintiff must serve notice of the appointment for the adjourned hearing, together with a copy of any further affidavit intended to be used at that hearing, on the defendant not less than 2 clear days before the day fixed for the hearing. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 A copy of any affidavit served under this paragraph must be indorsed in accordance with paragraph (3). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid16056351 (5) }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 Service under paragraph (2) or (4), and the manner in which it was effected, may be proved by a certificate signed by the plaintiff, if he sues in person, and otherwise by his barrister and solicitor. The certificate may be indorsed on the affidavit in support of the summons, or as the case may be, on any further affidavit intended to be used at an adjourned hearing. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351 [11] }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 Order 88, r. 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 provides: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 (1) The affidavit in support of the originating summons by which an action to which this rule applies is begun must comply with the following provisions of this rule. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 This rule applies to a mortgage actio n begun by originating summons in which the plaintiff is the mortgagee and claims delivery of possession or payment of moneys secured by the mortgage or both. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 (2) The affidavit must exhibit a true copy of the mortgage and the original mortgage \'85 must be produced at the hearing of the summons. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 (3) Where the plaintiff claims deliver of possession the affidavit must show the circumstances under which the right to possession arises and, except where the Court in any case or class otherwise directs, the state of the account between the mortgagor and mortgagee with particulars of \endash \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid16056351 (a) }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 the amount of the advance, \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid16056351 (b) }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 the amount of the periodic payments required to be made, \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid16056351 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid16056351 (c) }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 the amount of any interest or instalments in arrear at the date of issue of the originating summons and at the date of the affidavit, and \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid16056351 (d) }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 the amount remaining due under the mortgage. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 (4) Where the plaintiff claims delivery of possession, the affidavit must give particulars of every person who to the best of the plaintiffs knowledge is in possession of the mortgaged property. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351 [12] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 I interpret the phrase "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 the right to foreclose}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 " in O 88, r 1(1) as applying to both a "mortgagee" and "any other person". I think this is evident from the use of the phrase "mortgagee claiming possession" in the other provisi ons of O. 88, for example, in r. (2)(1). If I am correct then a mortgagee cannot apply under this Order unless it has acquired "the right to foreclose". When does the mortgagee acquire that right? \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351 [13] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 The right to foreclose is the right to be registered as the proprietor of the mortgaged property, subject to prior encumbrances. The mortgagee becomes so registered by application pursuant to }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 Section 73}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 of the }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 Land Transfer Act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 [Cap 13]. For completeness I set out the provisions dealing with foreclosure under the Act: \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 Application for foreclosure, how and when made \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 73.-(1) Whenever default has been made in payment of the mortgage money and such default continues for six months after the time for payment specified in the mortgage, the mortgagee may make application in writing to the Registrar for an order for foreclosure. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 (2) The application referred to in subsection (1) shall state- \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid16056351 (a) }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 that default has been made and has been continued for a period of not less that six months; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 (b) that the land, or estate or int erest therein, the subject of the mortgage has been offered for sale at public auction in compliance with the provisions of section 79 of the Property Law Act, by an auctioneer licensed under the provisions of the Business Licensing Act; \par }\pard \qr \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 (Cap. 130. Cap. 204) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 (c) that amount of the highest bid at the sale referred to in paragraph (b) was insufficient to satisfy the mortgage money together with the expenses of such sale; \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 (d) that notice in writing of the intention of the mortgagee to make application for for eclosure has been served on the mortgagor, and on every other person appearing by the register to have any right, estate or interest in the mortgaged land, or estate or interest therein, subsequent to the mortgage, by- \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 (i) being delivered to him personally; or \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 (ii) in the case of the mortgagor, by being left on the mortgaged land; or \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 (iii) being sent by registered post addressed to him at the address for service appearing in the register. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 (3) Any application for foreclosure made under the provisions of thi s section shall be accompanied by a certificate of the auctioneer by whom the land, or estate or interest therein, was put up for sale, and by such other proof as the Registrar may require testifying to the correctness of the statements made i n the application and such application shall be effected by a qualified witness. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 Application to be advertised and Registrar to make order and register the mortgagee as proprietor \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 74. Upon an application being made in pursuance of the provisions of section 73 the Regist rar may cause notice of such application to be published once in the Gazette and once in each of three successive weeks in at least one newspaper published and circulating in Fiji offering such land, or estate or interest therein, for private sale, which s ale if effected the mortgagee shall be bound to complete failing which his application shall be deemed to be withdrawn, and shall appoint a time not less than one month from the date of the first of such advertisements upon or after which the Registrar sh a ll issue to such applicant an order for foreclosure unless in the interval a sufficient sum has been obtained by the sale of such land, or estate or interest therein, to satisfy the principal and interest moneys secured and all expenses occasioned by such sale and proceedings, and every such order for foreclosure under the hand of the Registrar, when entered in the register, shall have the effect of vesting in the mortgagee the land, or estate or interest therein, mentioned in such order free from all righ t or equity of redemption on the part of the mortgagor or of any person claiming through or under him subsequently to the mortgage, and such mortgagee shall upon such entry being made be deemed a transferee of the mortgaged land, or estate or interest ther ein, and become the proprietor thereof and shall be entitled to be registered as proprietor of the same. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 Foreclosure to be in full satisfaction of mortgage money \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 75.-(1) On the registration of the mortgagee as proprietor of any land, or estate or interest therein, under the provisions of section 74 , the mortgagee shall be deemed to have taken such land, or estate or interest, in full satisfaction of the mortgage money, and his right or equity to bring any action or take other proceedings for the recovery of the mortgage money from the debtor, surety or other person shall be extinguished, and the right or equity of the mortgagor to redeem such land, or estate or interest, shall be extinguished. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 (2) Nothing contained in this section shall be deemed to disentitl e a mortgagee from obtaining foreclosure of any other property over which he holds security by way of mortgage for the same money or part thereof or to enforce all or any rights, powers and remedies expressed or implied in such mortgage, except the right to sue the mortgagor or any surety for the mortgagor either for the mortgage money or on any bill or note given as security for the mortgage money, as if this section had not been enacted. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351 [14] }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 Section 79}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 of the }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 Property Law Act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 [Cap 130] provides: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 79. -(1) If default in payment of the mortgage money or in the performance or observance of any covenant continues for one month after the service of the notice referred to in section 77 , the mortgagee may sell or concur with any other person in selling the mortgaged property, or any part thereof, either subject to prior leases, mortgages and encumbrances or otherwise, and either together or in lots, by public auction or by private contract, or partly by the one and partly by the other of those methods of sale, and s u bject to such condition as to title or evidence of title, time or method of payment of the purchase money or otherwise as the mortgagee thinks fit, with power to vary any contract for sale and to buy in at any auction or to vary or rescind any contract fo r sale and to resell without being answerable for any loss occasioned thereby, with power to make such roads, streets and passages and grant such easements of right of way or drainage over the same as the circumstances of the case require and the mortgagee thinks fit, and may make and sign such transfers and do such acts and things as are necessary for effectuating any such sale. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 (2) No purchaser shall be bound to see or inquire whether default has been made or has happened, or has continued, or whether notice has been served, or otherwise into the propriety or regularity of any such sale. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16056351 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 (3) Where a transfer is made in purported exercise of the power of sale conferred by this Act, the title of the transferee shall not be impeachable on the ground that no cause had arisen to authorize the sale or that due notice was not given or that the power was otherwise improperly or irregularly exercised, but any person damnified by any unauthoris ed or improper or irregular exercise of the power shall have his remedy in damages against the person exercising the power. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16056351 [15] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 It seems to me that the right to foreclose arises only after the requirements of }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid12782173 s 73}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 of the }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid16056351 Land Transfer Act}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 have been met, namely: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12782173 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12782173 (a) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 Default has been made in payment of the mortgage money;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12782173\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12782173 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12782173 (b) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 It has conti nued for not less than 6 months;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12782173\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12782173 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12782173 (c) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 The land has been offered for sale at public auction in compliance with the provisions of s 79 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid12782173 Property Law Act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 ;}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12782173\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12782173 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12782173 (d) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 The amount of the highest bid at the sale was insufficient to satisfy the mortgage money together with the expenses of such sale;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12782173\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid12782173 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12782173 (e)}{\insrsid12782173 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 The mortgagee provides a certificate of the auctioneer by whom the land, or estate or interest therein, was put up for sale. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid12782173 The Mortgage Provisions \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12782173 [16] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 The Mortgage states that the total advanced to the Defendant was $26,952 on a "loan agreement" as defined in the Definitions and Interpretations in the General Conditions. The term "loan agreement" is defined as "any loan agreement, letter of offer or contract now or in the future providing for the provision of credit by FDB to the Defendant". The term "secured money" means all amounts that are or may become due owing or payable to FDB under a loan agreement. \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12782173 [17] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 Under }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid12782173 clause 4.2(a)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid12782173 Mortgage}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 , the mortgagor promised to pay FDB the secured money and interest "at the times, place and in the manner required under any related agreement." Under }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid12782173 Clause 6.1}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 , if the mortgagor does not pay the whole or any part of the secured money when it is due, an "event of default" occurs. Several consequences follow when that happens: FDB may requ ire the Defendant to immediately pay the secured money (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid12782173 cl. 6.2(a)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 ); take or give up possession (as often as FDB may think necessary) of the property (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid12782173 cl. 6.2(b)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 ); deal with the property as if FDB owns it to the extent permitted by law (such as selling it in any way and to any person as FDB thinks fit) (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid12782173 cl. 6.2(d)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 ); and, exercise all other rights, powers and remedies that a mortgagee or owner has at law in relation to the property (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid12782173 cl. 6.2(f)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 ). If FDB is entitled to take enforcement proceedings, it has complete discretion whether to sell the mortgaged property by public auction, private contract or tender (}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid12782173 cl. 6.5(b)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 ) or "to apply to change the title documents" (}{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid12782173 cl. 6.6(j)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 ). Further, these provisions apply to an enlarge FDB\rquote s power of sale under the }{ \b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid12782173 Property Law Act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 . The period fixed for the default period under s 77 of the Act is one day. \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12782173 [18] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 However, before FDB can exercise its rights under the various provisions of }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid12782173 clause 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 of the Mortgage, it must give all relevant notices required under the law, the rele vant period has elapsed, the money remains unpaid, and it has complied with all the requirements under the Consumer Credit laws and any other law that may be in force at that time (cl. 6(5)). \par \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid12782173 CONSIDERATION OF THE APPLICATION \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12782173 [19] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 The affidavit states that the agreed advance was $23,391 on 7 July 2006, the monthly installment was $225, the repayment arrears were $674 as at May 2009 and the total then outstanding was $30,394.55. The letter of demand sent by FDB to the Defendant on 6 May 2009 stated those amount s were due as at 30 April 2009 and the repayment was $284 per month instead. The bank gave the Defendant 14 days to clear the arrears or make satisfactory arrangements otherwise it was left with little option by to proceed with recovery action. Having re ceived no response from the Defendant, FDB sent a demand dated }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid12782173 15 July 2009}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 for the Defendant to pay the full amount owing to the bank as at 30 June 2009 and interest. The demand stated that if the Defendant did not pay within 30 days from the day he receives the notice, the " powers of sale and all other rights, powers and remedies conferred on the (FDB) will thereupon be exercisable without further notice." The demand notice was served on the Defendant on }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid12782173 27 July 2009}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 according to the affidavit of service that was filed. \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12782173 [20] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 If I were to accept that the money was rightly due under the Mortgage on 28 August 2009 (30 days after receiving the demand notice), and hence default has occurred, then the 6 months period required under }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid12782173 s 73}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid12782173 Land Transfer Act}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 has now expired. \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12782173 [21] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 However, the difficulty that I have is that no where in the documentation before me is it stated that the monthly repayments were due on a particular date and time. It is not possible for me to determine when a monthly repayment is due, and hence when an "event of default" has occurred to trigger off the bank\rquote s right to demand the whole of the secured money then due. Further, even putting aside consideration of the Consumer Credit laws, it is not possible for me to decide whether the bank has complied with its other obligations under }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid12782173 clause 6.5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 of the }{ \b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid12782173 Mortgage}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 as a pre-condition to the exercise of its rights. Thus, in my judgment, the FDB has not met the first and second requirements of s 73 according to law, namely, that it has failed to prove that default has occurred and such default has continued for 6 months. \par \par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid5710870 The Other Statutory Requirements \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5710870 [22] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 It is also quite clear that the other requirements of s 73 of the }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid5710870 Land Transfer Act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 have not been fully complied with. In particular, the requirement to sell by public auction. The purported sale in this case was by advertisement in the newspapers for tenders. The requirement in s 73(2)(b) that there be sale by public auction are quite specific and mandatory in my view. It is true that the FDB has the power under its Mortgage to sell as it pleases, but that must be subject to the Act that creates the right to foreclose and cannot override it. \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5710870 [23] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 In addition, the affidavits do not comply with the requirements of O. 88, for example, there was no in dorsement on the affidavit of the date of hearing and the original mortgage was not produced at the hearing. There were other irregularities such as no Acknowledgment of Service being filed or served on the Defendant. I do not think these are mere irregu larities or failures to comply with the rules which this Court can and should ignore. The right to foreclose is a statutory right and the eviction of a mortgagor is a serious matter which the Court should be vigilant to ensure that the mortgagee complies strictly with what is required by the statute and the HCR. \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5710870 [24] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 The end result is therefore the order for vacant possession is refused. Similarly, there is no basis for an injunction restraining the Defendant so that order is also refused. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid5710870 COSTS \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5710870 [25] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 I make no order as to costs as the Defendant has not appeared at any stage of the proceedings. \par \par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid5710870 ORDERS \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5710870 [26] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 The }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid5710870 Orders}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 are therefore as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5710870 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5710870\charrsid5710870 1. }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid5710870 The Plaintiffs application by Originating Summons filed on 9 February 2010 is dismissed. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5710870 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5710870\charrsid5710870 2. }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid5710870 There is no order as to costs. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3962781 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid3962781 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5710870 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3962781\charrsid5710870 Sosefo Inoke \par Judge \par }}