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1}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 st}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Defendant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 AND\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 :}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 SAVITA DEVI SINGH\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 of 48 Sa\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ndalwood Street, Lautoka, Fiji, engaged in Domestic Duties and Landowner. \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 2\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 nd\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Defendant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Counsels Appearing}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 :\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Mr. \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Vipul Mishra for the Plaintiff \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Kevueli Tunidau\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Lawyers for the Defendants \par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Date of Judgement}{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 : \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Wedne\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 sday \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 07\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 April \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 2010 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 JUDGEMENT \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 INTRODUCTI\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ON \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 1. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Lautoka City Council\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 LC \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 C\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 )\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 filed a Statement of Claim on 13\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 October, 2008.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 It \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 alleges that\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the Defendants had\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 been using their \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 residential lots for commercial\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 /industrial purposes contrary to their residential zoning by the Director of Town and Cou\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ntry Planning. \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 2. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 first Defendant, Mr.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Suruj Deo Singh (\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Mr. Singh\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ), is the registered lessee \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 over State\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 /Crown lease \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 described as Lot 42\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , DP5515\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 situated\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 at Sandalwood Street at Lautoka, Fiji within the boundary of Lautoka City.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The Second Defendant\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 M\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 rs. Singh\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ) \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 is the registered lessee over \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 State/Crown land described as Lot 43, DP 5515 situated at 48 Sandalwood Street at Lautoka, Fiji\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 - \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 also \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 within the boundary of Lautoka City. \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 3. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Mr. \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 nd Mrs. Singh do not dispute that the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 properties are zoned \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 resident\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ial\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Nor do they dispute \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 that \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 from 1995\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to 2008\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 they were using\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 their \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 properties \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 store and\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 handle construction\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 materials\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 including \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 sand\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 and gravel\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 for sale\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 They also do not dispute \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 that such use was \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 contrary to \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 LC\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 C\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Town Planning Scheme \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 and the Town \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Planning Act.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In fact, \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Mr. and Mrs. Singh \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 have not filed \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ny \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 defence\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 in this case\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 T\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 hey had engaged Kevueli Tunidau Lawyers \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 initially as counsel. \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The case was then heard on formal proof. \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 4. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 On the date of formal proof, the Defendants appeared in Court. Mr.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Mishra \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 gave them a complete set of all his client\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 documents\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 and the hearing \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 proceeded\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 as if it were a trial proper \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 with\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 opportunity to the Singhs\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 to cross-examine the Plaintif\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 f\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s witness and \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 thereafter to\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 present their case.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 As it turn\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ed\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 out, and as I \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 have stated above, \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the Singhs\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 did not challenge any of the allegations against them. \par \par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 EVIDENCE OF PLAINTIF\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 F\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 S SOLE WITNESS \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 5. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Mr. Shalendra Dass,\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the Acting Director of Building \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Services for \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Lautoka City Council, gave evidence for the Plaintiff. He tendered\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 nine (\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 9\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 )\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 photographs \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 of the Defendants\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 properties \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 which he himself\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 had taken\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 6. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The photos \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 c\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 learly show \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the extent to which the Defendants \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 were putting their properties to a commercial use\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 They\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 sho\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 w\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 such\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 things as \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0 for example\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 : \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 loader, a tip truck \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 and some gravel and fine sand \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on Lot 42; a\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 huge \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Hino truck par\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ked by the road that runs alongside\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ; \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 concrete \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 retaining wall \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 along the front boundary\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 which had \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 never \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 been approved by \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 LCC\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ; a\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 tip truck \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 with its tray \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 up-\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 lifted \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on Lot 43 a\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 nd a derelict Kato Ex\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 cavator\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on Lot 42\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 A\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 stockpile of gravel\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 and a pile of sand beside it\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 is seen \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on Lot 43.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 I note there is no grass on either of the Lots. What I s\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ee in the photos remind \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 me of a road-construction site. \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 7. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Various Notices sent to \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Defendants between 13 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 S\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 eptember 1995 to 07\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 April 2008 were tendered by Dass. Despite these Notices, the Singhs continued to put their residential properties to commercial use. \par \par }{\b\f0\fs24\ul\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 THE STATEMENT OF CLAIM \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 8. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 P\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 aragraphs 5 to 14 of the Statement of Claim\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 plead as follows \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 : \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 5.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 " \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Since 19\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 95 the First Defendant has been using Lot 42 and premises situated thereon for the purpose of storage of and handling of and sale of construction materials consisting inter alia of sand and gravel which constitutes a commercial/industrial activity contrar \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 y\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to the Plaintif\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 f\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s Town Planning Scheme general provisions and the Town Planning Act\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 " \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 6.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The Plaintiff gave notices dated 13\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 of September, 1995, 23\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 rd\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 July, 1997, 23\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 rd\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 October, 2003 and 7\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 day of April, 2008 requiring him to dis-continue the use of the\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 said premises and land for the purpose of commercial and/or industrial activity. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 7.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 On the 15 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 of May, 1998 the First Defendant was fined $300.00 with the penalty for default being six months imprisonment and costs of $212.00 in respect of his unauthori\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 sed usage of the said property. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 8.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The second Defendant is the wife of the First Defendant. Her Lot No. 43 is also used for the same purpose of storage, handling and sale of construction materials such as sand and gravel which is a commercial and/or indus\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 trial activity. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 9.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The second defendant is either part of the same business or allows and/or acquiesces in the use of her lot for industrial/commercial activity by the First Defendant. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 10.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The Plaintiff gave notice to the Second Defendant dated the 7\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 d\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ay of April, 2008 requiring to discontinue the use of her Lot and land for the purpose of commercial and/or industrial activity. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 11.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Despite notices the Defendants persist and continue in their unauthorised usage of their said lots for commercial and/or i\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ndustrial purposes. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 12.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The Defendants have also contravened the Local Government Act and/or the provisions of the Public Health Act and/or the Planning Act 18. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 13.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Ratepayers in the area have made against the Defendants and their unauthorised developmen\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ts and/or activities in the area which inhibits their enjoyment of the area which is zoned residential. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 14.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The Plaintiff claims interest under the Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Death and Interest) Act, Cap 27 of the Laws of Fiji. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 FINAL INJUNCT\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ION \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 9. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 T\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he Defendants did put their residential property to commercial use\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 f \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 or\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 at least \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 some thirteen years or so.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 During that time, from 1995 to 2008, \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 LCC served \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Notices \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 them\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 However, the Singhs \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 remained \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 unmoved \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 throughout and \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 instead, persisted in f\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 louting \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the Local Government Act\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the Public Health Act and the Planning Act\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 10. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In such a situation, the High Court has \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 often been called upon to exercise its \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 reserve power\chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s16\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 \fs20\lang5129\langfe1033\loch\af36\hich\af36\dbch\af36\cgrid\langnp5129\langfenp1033 { \cs18\super\insrsid10644413 \chftn }{\insrsid10644413 \hich\af36\dbch\af36\loch\f36 See }{\b\ul\insrsid10644413\charrsid16088380 \hich\af36\dbch\af36\loch\f36 Stafford Borough Co\hich\af36\dbch\af36\loch\f36 uncil \hich\f36 \endash \loch\f36 v- Elkenford Ltd}{\b\insrsid10644413\charrsid16088380 \hich\af36\dbch\af36\loch\f36 [1977] 2 ALL ER}{\insrsid10644413 \hich\af36\dbch\af36\loch\f36 .}}\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to enfor\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ce the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 applicable statute(s) and/or \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 regulation(s) through the granting of \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 an injunction or a declaration against a recalcitrant Defendant. \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 11. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Stafford Borough Council \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0 v- Elkenford Ltd\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [1977] 2 ALL ER\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 such a power \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 was held to\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 apply \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 even \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 if \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 local \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 authority responsib\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 le for enforcing the statute \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (s)/regulations\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 has\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 not exha\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 usted the r\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 emedies provided by the statute\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 12. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Accordingly, I have no hesitation in granting a final injunction agai\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 nst the Defendants in this case, as prayed for\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 in the Statement of Claim. \par \par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 DAMAGES \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 13. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The question I ask though is \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 - as a Local Authority\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 merel \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 y carrying out its statutory functions\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 is the LCC \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 entitled also to common law type damages? \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 What damages has it suffered as a result of the Defendants\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 breach (\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 es) \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 of the provisions of the Local Government Act and/or the provisions of\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the Public Health \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Act and/or the Planning Act 18 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 and the Lautoka City Coun \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 cil\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Town Planning Scheme\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 14. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Mr. Mishra has furnished the Court with a copy of\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 an extract from \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Halsbury\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s Laws of England \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0 4\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Edition, Volume 12 (paragraph 1138) on the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 General Principles of the Me\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 asure of Damages in Tort\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 15. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 But can \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the Defendants\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 breaches properly be classified as a \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 tort\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 let alone, against\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 LCC\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 such as to entitle the latter to common-law type damages\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ?\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 16. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In his submissions, Mr. Mishra states as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The normal principle\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s as to damages is restitution in integrum that as far as money can do it the injured party is to be put back in the same position he would have been if he had not sustained the wrong. \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The present cause of action or offence of breach of statute or nuisance\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In nuisance foreseeablity is the sole test of whether the damages are recoverable\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 " \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 17. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The Statement of Claim \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 however \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 does not \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 properly \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 plead \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 nuisance\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In fact, nowhere in the Claim does the word \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 nuisance\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 appear. \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 P \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 aragraph 13\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (see below) \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 however \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 may be\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 read as pleading\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 it \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 : \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Rate payers in the area have made complaints against the Defendants and their unauthorised developments and/or activities in the area which inhibits their enjoyment of the area which is zoned residential\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 " \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 18. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Furthermore, t\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 he submissio\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 n \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 that \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 breach of statute\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 is a sustainable\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 cause of action \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 against the Singhs, is devoid of any merit as to warrant any further\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 comment.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 19. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Mr. Mishra submits that \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 damages are justified \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 because \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the Defendants were engaged in \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 commercial activity of a massive \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 scale\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 in their residential prop\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 erties. \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 By that, he \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 appears to \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 argue that\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 any\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 award of damages to LCC\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 would be justifiable \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 on the basis of \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the nuisance caused \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 or that must have been suffered by \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 rate payers in the area\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 20. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 I cannot agree with that submission. \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 21. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 A \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 public nuisance\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 is an act \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 " \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 which materially affects the reasonable comfort and convenience of life of \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a class\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 of Her Majesty's subjects\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (as per \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Romer LJ\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 in \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 A-G v PYA Quarries\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [1957] 1 All ER 894\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ). \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 22. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In England, it is primarily a crime, prosecuted by th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e Attorney-General \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . It is only\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 actionable as a tort if the claimant has suffered damage\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 s\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 over and above other members of the public \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \par \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 23. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The learned authors \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Luntz & Hambly: \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Torts \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0 Cases & Commentary\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0 3\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 rd\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Edition, Butterworths, 1992\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0 define public nuisance \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 as follows in the Australian context\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 at page 805\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 : \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Public nuisance is a crime at common law. It consists in an unlawful act, or omission to discharge a legal duty, thereby endangering the lives, safety, health, property of comfort of the public or obstruc\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ting them in the exercise of their rights\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ...The act may be rendered unlawful, or the legal duty imposed, by statute or at common law\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 " \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 24. }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 In \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Nadi Town Council v Gosai\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [2009] FJHC 169 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ; HBC054.2008L (20 August 2009), \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Mr. Justice Inoke\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 observed as follows: \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6357714 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [25] \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The Nadi Town Council has a duty imposed on it by law to ensure that the zoning laws are complied with \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 and that nuisance does not result from breaches of those laws\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ......[Section]\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 25 of the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 T\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 own Planning Act\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 charges the Council with the responsibility of ensuring that the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 town planning scheme\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 is adhered to. The section provides: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6357714 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid6357714 {\i\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid6357714 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 "\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 When a scheme has been finally approved by the Director as aforesaid it shall be the duty of the local authority t\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 o observe and to enforce the observance of the requirements of the scheme in respect of all development of any description thereafter undertaken within the area to which the scheme applies, whether by the local authority or by any person, and, save with t \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 h\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e consent in writing of the Director, the local authority shall not thereafter undertake or permit any alteration or modification of any existing buildings or works if such modification or alteration would tend to prevent or delay their being brought into \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 conformity with the requirements of the approved scheme.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 " \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6357714 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [26] Even Counsel for the Defendants submitted that \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 section 54\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 of the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Public Health\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Act\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 imposes a duty on the Council to inspect property and \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ensure abatement of nuisances}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6357714 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6357714 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6357714 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6357714 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [27] In this situation, the question of adequacy of damages does not arise in my view, simply because of the fact that the duty to act is imposed by law\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The need to act is for the benefit of the public.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Damages are clearly not an adequate remedy or even a remedy to be considered.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid6357714 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6357714 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6357714 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6357714 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 [28] As I have said above, the giving of an undertaking to damages by the Council is totally unnecessary. The Council\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 s oblig\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ation to act should not be restricted or prevented simply because it did not give an undertaking or that its undertaking is inadequate. \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Counsel for the Plaintiff also submitted that his client is immune from a claim for damages for complying with its oblig\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ations under the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Town Planning Act\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 by virtue of s 29(2)(h) \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (my emphasis)\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6357714 \par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid6357714 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 CONCLUSIONS \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 The principles which I extract from all the above authorities\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 and which I apply to the case before me ar\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 e as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6357714 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6357714 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (i) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 LCC\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 has a statutory duty to ensure that \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the zoning laws are complied wit\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 h, \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 that nuisance does not result from breaches of those laws\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 and that \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 town planning scheme\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 is adhered to \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6357714 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6357714 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (ii) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 if there is a public nuisance on any property, the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 LCC\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 also has a statutory duty to ensure abatement of that nuisance. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6357714 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6357714 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (iii) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 in this case, the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 LCC\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , in pursuit of its statutory duty to ensure compliance with zoning and planning\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 statutes\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , and also to ensure abatement of nuisance \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 under the Public Health Act\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 , \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 and o\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 bviously in light of the Defendants long history of indifference to the provisions of these statutes, has, rather than pursue remedies available under the provisions of those statutes, filed a Writ and a Statement of Claim seeking \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a permanent injunction ag\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ainst the Defendants\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 LCC also seeks\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 damages \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 .\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6357714 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6357714 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (iv) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 if the nuisance \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 caused by the Defendants on their properties\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 had caused \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 a rate payer in the area\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to suffer any particular damage, then that \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 particular rate payer \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 has a right of action to sue for damages for \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 nuisance. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6357714 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6357714 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (v) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 without prejudice to its duties under (i) and (ii) above, \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 in my view, neither the common law nor any of the provisions of the above statutes \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 support \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 giving \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 LCC\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 locus\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to claim\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 for damages for the nuisance suffered by \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the rate payers \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 generally \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 in \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 the area\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6357714 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6357714 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (vi) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 even if I am wrong on (v) above, I would still not award damages as no evidence has been led on that. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6357714 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6357714 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (vii) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 I believe though that the \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 LCC\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 should be entitled to its\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 costs \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 in having to resort to seeking an injunction\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }{\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid6357714 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 ORDERS \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6357714 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6357714 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (i) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Permanent \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 i\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 njunction agai\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 nst the Defendants\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 as prayed. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6357714 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6357714 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6357714 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 (ii) }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Costs to the Lautoka City Council on an \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 indemnity \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 basis \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 to be taxed if not agreed.\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6357714 {\b\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid6357714 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 Anare Tuilevuka \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 MASTER \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10644413 {\f0\fs24\insrsid6357714 \par }{\f0\fs24\insrsid10644413\charrsid10644413 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 7\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 th\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 of April 2010. \par \hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 At Laut\hich\af0\dbch\af36\loch\f0 oka.}{\f0\fs24\insrsid1972231\charrsid10644413 \par }}