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.}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7 \pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 \fs22\ul\cf17\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI \par AT LAUTOKA \par CIVIL JURISDICTION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Civil Action No. HBC 161 of 2009 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Between:}{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\b\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 ADISH KUMAR NARAYAN}{ \fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12541520 \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 of Yalalevu, Ba, Legal Practitioner practicising }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12541520 \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 under the name and style of AK Lawyers. \par Plaintiff \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 And:}{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\b\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 PUBLIC EMPLOYEES UNION}{ \fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12541520 \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 a registered Trade Union under the Trade Union and the }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12541520 \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Trade Union Recognition Acts (Cap 96 and 96A) and }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12541520 \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 having its officers at 73 Edinburgh Drive, Suva, Fiji. \par Defendant \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }{\b\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Before:}{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Master Anare Tuilevuka \par \par }{\b\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Counsel}{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 : Mr. C. B. Young for the Plaintiff \par Mr. H. Rabuku for the Defendant \par \par }{\b\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Date of Hearing}{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 : 12th November 2009 \par }{\b\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Date of Decision}{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 : 24th November 2009 \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\b\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 RULING \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }{\b\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Introduction \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 1. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 The Plaintiff, Mr. Adish Kumar Narayan ("Narayan") is a prominent Ba lawyer whose firm, AK Lawyers, was retained by the Defendant ("PEU") for several years during which time Narayan rendered various legal services to PEU. Before me is a summary judgment application of Narayan on his claim against PEU for unpaid legal fees and costs. The application is supported by an affidavit of Narayan fi led on 01st October 2009. PEU has responded with the Affidavit of Viliame Kautia sworn on the 2nd day of November 2009 and filed the day after. On the 10th day of November 2009, Narayan\rquote s Affidavit in Reply to the Affidavit of Viliame Kautia. I heard the application on the 12th day of November 2009. \par \par }{\b\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Affidavit of Adish Kumar Narayan filed on 01st October 2009 \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 2. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 This Affidavit of Narayan deposes that PEU is justly and truly indebted to his firm in the sum of $75,136.22 as at the 5th day of September 2009. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 3. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Narayan verifies the particulars in his Statement of Claim in paragraph 2 of his Affidavit. The Statement of Claim, filed on the 04th day of September 2009, alleges that Narayan\rquote s firm had rendered various legal services to PEU. The claim further alleges that PEU had agreed with the rate for payment. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 4. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 The Claim does not set out clearly when exactly PEU had agreed with Narayan\rquote s rates. Were these quoted by Narayan to PEU at the outset or much later when Narayan rendered his Bill of Costs and Statements of Accounts to PEU? \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 5. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 In any event, it appears that PEU has paid Narayan some money towards settling fees and costs due. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 6. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Narayan pleads that some $68, 064.93 remains outstanding as at 24th October 2008. To this sum, he adds interest at 12% per annum from 24th October 2008 to 4th September 2008. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 7. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Annexed and marked "AKN-1" to Narayan\rquote s Affidavit is a letter dated 5th September 2009 from his office to PEU attaching a Statement of Account of fees owing for various matters. The letter then encloses Narayan\rquote s Memorandum of Costs totalling $96,607.47 in all PEU files. The letter then states: "Please note that the said payment has to be made by 4pm on 12th September, 2008 or we will have no option but to proceed with legal action to recover our costs". \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 8. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Narayan also annexes to his Affidavit marked "AKN-2" and "AKN-3" two letters both dated 15th September 2008. AKN-2 is a letter from PEU signed by its then President, a Mr. Kautoga who (has since deceased) commits PEU to a first payment of $10,000 by W ednesday 17th September 2008, a second payment of $10,000 by Friday 26th September 2008, and weekly payments of $3,000 thereafter from 3rd October 2008 for the next 25 weeks or so until the debt is completed. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 9. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 On my calculation, Kautoga\rquote s commitment was to a debt of $96,500 to be paid by instalments. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 10. }{\b\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 AKN-3}{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 is a letter also dated 15th of September 2008 by Narayan. The letter was addressed to Mr. Viliame Kautia, Acting General Secretary, Public Employees Union stating the following: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\i\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 "We acknowledge receipt of your letters dated 8th September 2008 written to Gledvil Law copied to us and the National President\rquote s letter of undertaking dated 15th September, 2008. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\i\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Please note that we accept the undertaking to settle our outstanding fees in the manner proposed and look forward to the first payment on 17th instant" \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 11. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Narayan deposes that PEU then made some part payments but then failed to honour its undertaking to completion. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 12. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Annexed to his Affidavit and marked AKN-4 is a letter he wrote dated 9th of December 2008 to Kautia stating inter alia that "PEU has not complied with its undertaking of payment as per letter dated 15th of September, 2008". That is followed by a reminder that PEU owes a balance of $68,064.93 in fees outstanding and that if PE U did not settle it within seven days, Narayan would institute legal proceedings. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 13. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 AKN-5 is another letter dated 20th February 2009 by Narayan to a Mr. Malakai Kaitu\rquote u, SIRO, PRU in which Narayan again reminds Kaitu\rquote u that some $68,064.93 remains outstanding in unpaid fees. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 14. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 AKN-6 is a response dated 25th February 2009 by S. Tagilala & Co. Writing on PEU\rquote s behalf. In that letter, S. Tagilala pleads with Narayan to "consider receiving monthly commitments from PEU effective immediately on flexible payment amounts due to inherent financial constraints". Notably, that letter was copied to Kautia. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 15. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 In his response to S. Tagilala (annexure AKN-7), Narayan seeks clarification on "what exactly would be the monthly payments and the timeline for such payments". \par \par }{\b\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Affidavit of Viliame Kautia \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 16. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Mr. Kautia is the General Secretary of PEU. He assumed this role when his predecessor passed away. Upon assuming office, Kautia immediately embarked on reforming the PEU management. One of the first things he did was to engage a new lawyer. He states in his Affidavit that PEU could no longer retain Narayan as Narayan had started representing the state in various matters which conflicted with Narayan\rquote s position with PEU. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 17. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 According to Kautia, there was a period in-between the time PEU severed its ties with Narayan and before it was able to engage another lawyer, when PEU was basically carrying on business without the benefit of legal advice or guidance or legal representation. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 18. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 It appears from the tone of Kautia\rquote s affidavit that this "transitional period\rquote as he calls it should be considered by this court when assessing the actions of Mr. Kautoga (see paragraphs 8 and 9 above) and S. Tagilala & Co. (see paragraphs 14 &15 above)) who had unwittingly committed PEU to the amount on Narayan\rquote s Bill of Costs without scrutiny and clearly when it was not within their powers to do so under the PEU Constitution. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 19. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Kautia denies he was ever issued "with the invoices for each amount due on each case". He says at paragraph 7 of his Affidavit that PEU did: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\i\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 "not have an update on the status of each case and a detail of all of our instructions to indicate how much work he has done. Until today, we have engaged GLEDVIL LAW to attend to some of the matters that he is claimin g costs on. Furthermore, all our case files have not been returned to my office until today despite several requests to the Plaintiff. I am not in a better position to agree with his bills when I do not have access to the case files that belongs to the Un ion in the Plaintiffs possession". \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 20. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 In paragraph 9 of his Affidavit, Kautia admits receiving AKN-4, but insists that he was not properly invoiced. He is adamant that the fees claim has not been properly explained or justified. He also deposes that AKN-5 was not addressed to him and adds that S. Tagilala & Co. was not authorised "to make financial commitments to service providers of PEU". \par \par }{\b\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Narayan\rquote s Affidavit in Answer \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 21. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Narayan\rquote s Affidavit in answer to Kautia\rquote s Affidavit was sworn on 10th November 2 009 and filed on the same day. Notably, he deposes that it was his office that had severed its ties with PEU because of the outstanding fees and not vice versa as Kautia would have this Court believe. He says that Kautia had called him on several occasion s in his office in Ba and pleaded with him to carry on working for PEU. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 22. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Narayan attaches to his Affidavit marked AKN-8 and AKN-9 respectively a letter he wrote dated 25th August 2008 to PEU to that effect, and a letter dated 8th September 2008 by Kautia to Gledvil Lawfirm which states inter alia as follows: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\i\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 "You are hereby in structed to represent Public Employees Union only in the above cases as per the above subject since our Solicitor and Legal Advisor AK Lawyer and Associate has informed us that they are not able to represent us as per the above cases unless a lump sum dow n payment is made to them which we are not able to do at this point in time" \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 23. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Narayan attaches to his Affidavit in Answer (annexure AKN-11) invoices for all outstanding payments that were rendered to PEU as at 31st August 2008. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 24. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Narayan then depose s that Kautia had personally called into his Ba office on 17th September 2008 and paid $10,000 and then collected two files. Kautia also sent to his office the following week another cheque to the sum of $10,000 but then advised Narayan not to bank it as there were no funds in the Account. Kautia was to advise Narayan later when to bank the cheque. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 25. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Narayan also deposes that Kautia subsequently made arrangements for payments of $3,000 on 17th October 2008 and on 24th October 2008. \par \par }{\b\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Consent Judgement in the Sum of $39,000 \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 26. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 At this point, it must be noted that in the course of arguments before me, Mr. Rabuku produced in Court a letter of 29th July 2008 written by Kautia (without any objections by Mr. Young) which states the following: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\i\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 "I understand P EU owes a substantial amount of $39,000 to your firm for your services and it has been accumulating over the years. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\i\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 "As the new Acting General Secretary after the passing away of the late MR Pita Delana, I would like to assure you that we are committed to clearing our outstanding dues on a weekly payment of $750.00" \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 27. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 On the basis of the above letter, and Mr. Rabuku confirming so verbally in Court, judgement by consent to the sum of $39,000 was entered against PEU from 29th July 2008. \par \par }{\b\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Issues \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 28. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 What I then have to decide now is whether:- \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 (i) }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Narayan has proved his claim for the balance \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 (ii) PEU is able to set up a bona fide defence or raise an issue against the claim which ought to be tried. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }{\b\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Principles for Summary Judgment \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 29. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Where there is no defence to a claim, or where any defence raised will merely have the effect of delaying judgement, the summary judgment procedure under Order 14 is available for the Plaintiff who wants to obtain a quick judgment and avoid delay and the expense of a full trial. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 30. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 The task of the court is to determine whether there ought to be a trial. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 31. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 The Court of Appeal in }{ \b\i\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Carpenters Fiji Ltd \endash v- Joes Farm Produce Ltd Civil Appeal Number ABU 0019/2006}{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 at pages 9 and 10 of the judgment stated the summary judgement principles as follows:- \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\i\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 "Here it is timely to state some of the well established principles relating to the entry of summary judgment: \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\i\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 (a) The purpose of 0.14 is to enable a plaintiff to obt ain summary judgment without trial if he can prove his claim clearly and if the defendant is unable to set up, a bona fide defence or raise an issue against the claim which ought to be tried. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\i\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\i\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 (b) The defendant may show cause against a plaintiffs claim on the merits e.g. that he has a good defence to the claim on the merits or there is a dispute as to the facts which ought to be tried or there is a difficult point of law involved. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\i\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\i\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 (c) It is generally incumbent on a defendant resisting summary judgment, t o file an affidavit which deals specifically with the plaintiffs claim and affidavit and states clearly and precisely what the defence is and what facts are relied on to support it. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\i\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\i\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 (d) Set off, which is a monetary cross claim for a debt due from plainti ff, is a defence. A defendant is entitled to unconditional leave to defend up to the amount of the set of claimed. If there is a set off at all, each claim goes against the other and either extinguishes or reduces it Hanak v. Green (1958) 2 QB 9 at page 2 9 per Sellers LJ. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\i\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\i\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 (e) Like wise where a defendant sets up a bona fide counterclaim arising out of the same subject matter of the action, and connect with the grounds of defence, the order should not be for judgment on the claim subject to a stay of executi on pending the trial of the counter claim but should be fore unconditional leave to defend, even if the defendant admits whole or part of the claim; Morgan and Son Ltd v. S. Martin Johnson Co (1949) 1 KB 107(CA). \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\i\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 32. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 The onus is on the Plaintiff to prove each claim clearly and to satisfy the Court that the Defendant has no defence which has any realistic prospect of success. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 33. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Once a claim is established, at least the evidential and persuasive burden, shifts to the Defendant (see Thomas J in Hibiscus S hopping Town Pty Ltd -v- Woolworths Ltd [1993] FLR 106 at 109) who must adduce affidavit evidence dealing specifically with the plaintiffs claim and affidavit and also state clearly and precisely what the defence is and what facts he relies on to resist t he entry of summary judgment; Magan Lal Brothers Ltd. \endash v- L. B. Masters & Company Civil Appeal No: 31/84. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 34. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 And of course, if the Defendant has not filed an affidavit, but has filed a defence, the Court must then turn its attention on the issues raised in the defence to see whether it has merits and is not just a sham defence to delay judgment or avoid the necessity of showing cause by Affidavit (see the Fiji Court of Appeal in Magan Lal Brothers Ltd \endash v- L.B. Masters (supra); see also Halsbury \rquote s Laws of England (4th Edition) volume 37 para 413 \endash 415, notes 4). \par \par }{\b\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Discussion \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 35. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 It is not in dispute that Narayan did provide various legal services to PEU. It is clear also from Narayan\rquote s Bills of Costs that his claim against PEU pertains to unpai d fees for various work he did for PEU from as far back as 2003. It also appears from the material before me that PEU was being billed for these for the first time in 2008. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 36. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Mr. Rabuku submitted that most of Narayan\rquote s Bills were inherited by the curren t General Secretary upon his appointment to the position in June 2008. The relevance of that argument to his case is unclear to me. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 37. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Mr. Young emphasises that the late National President of PEU, Mr. Kautoga, had acknowledged the outstanding bills in hi s letter to Narayan dated 15th September 2008 (see AKN-2). Kautoga in the same letter had then committed PEU to a certain scheme of part-payments to Narayan. Narayan did in fact later agree to the part-payment scheme. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 38. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Following Mr. Kautoga\rquote s letter of 15th September 2008, some payments were made by PEU to Narayan. There was a first payment of $10,000 made on 17th September 2008 by Kautia at Narayan\rquote s Office in Ba. The evidence shows that Kautia then forwarded to Narayan another cheque to the sum of $10 ,000 a week after the first payment (though this was never cashed) and that on 17th October 2008 and 24th October 2008, Kautia arranged payments of $3,000 on these two occasions to Narayan by TMO through Post Fiji. I note though that the AKN-13 contains o nly one slip which records a payment of $3,000 on 17th October 2008 by one Livai Rabia. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 39. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Mr. Young submits that the above payments were made in compliance with the commitment by the late National President of PEU, Mr. Kautoga (see paragraphs 8, 9 and 38 above). When PEU started to default on that agreed scheme from October 2008, that then prompted S. Tagilala & Co, a firm of Business Consultants to write to Narayan on 25th February 2009 explaining PEU\rquote s difficulties with keeping up with payments but nonetheless committing PEU to settlement of the outstanding fees and costs in due course. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 40. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Mr. Young urges the court to consider that, apart from having acknowledged its debt to Narayan as pleaded in the Claim, Kautia\rquote s Affidavit does not sufficiently (if at all) condescend the particulars of a meritorious defence. All that Kautia has said consistently throughout his Affidavit is: "it was not referred to me". The onus is on PEU to show sufficient facts and particulars in its Affidavit to show it has a gen uine defence (Magan Lal Brothers Ltd. \endash v- L. B. Narayan & Company Civil Appeal No: 31/84). But PEU has simply failed to discharge this onus. And it is no defence to say merely that PEU does not owe Narayan the amount he claims. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 41. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Mr. Young further submit s that the late National President of PEU in his letter to Narayan dated 15th September 2008 (see AKN-2) did not in any way deny that a Bill of Costs was ever rendered by Narayan. Nor has he made any allegation whatsoever in AKN-2 that Narayan\rquote s services were below standard. Mr. Young has drawn my attention to the fact that Kautia himself had acknowledged PEU\rquote s commitment in AKN-2 when he (Kautia) signed the Cheques of $10,000 paid to Narayan and who had gone to Fiji Post on 17th October 2008 to make a $3,0 00 payment in favour of Narayan. He also highlighted that there is no denial by PEU about the interest component of the claim. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 42. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Mr. Rabuku refers to AKN-11. He observed that Narayan\rquote s billings were all done on 31st of August 2008. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 43. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Mr. Rabuku arg ues that PEU used to make payments to Narayan prior to 31st August 2008 for which PEU had not been invoiced beforehand. Mr. Rabuku submitted that PEU had made payments without first scrutinising the Bills and had not received any legal advice or guidance. Mr. Rabuku also highlighted that the Bills included work from as far back as 2003 for which PEU was being billed for the first time 5 years later in 2008. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 44. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Mr. Rabuku also highlighted that some of the work for which Narayan had billed PEU for were stil l pending in the courts. He pointed these cases out in Court. He highlighted for example three specific cases for which Narayan had billed PEU but which have been listed for formal proof in Ba Magistrates Court for formal proof and other cases he highligh t ed where PEU would have to file setting aside applications. In all these cases, Mr. Rabuku highlighted that no defence had been filed yet PEU had been billed for them. Other cases are still on-going in Court. Mr. Rabuku argues that the claim is too excess ive. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 45. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 I do note that most of Mr. Rabuku\rquote s submissions were on allegations of fact which were not referred to in Kautia\rquote s Affidavit. He had in fact highlighted his predicament on this point at the outset of the hearing as he did not have any right of re ply to the second Affidavit of Narayan which was in fact filed and served the day before the hearing as timetabled. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 46. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Mr. Young, in reply, highlights that the letter of 29th July 2008 that Mr. Rabuku had produced in Court acknowledges a $39,000 debt. He then asked for judgement on this sum, to which Mr. Rabuku consented and I accordingly entered a consent judgement on the sum. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 47. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Both Affidavits filed by Narayan appear to set up a watertight claim against PEU. The debt was acknowledged by the late Nati onal President of PEU. Mr. Kautoga in AKN-2 who then committed PEU to a scheme of payment. That scheme of payment appeared to have been complied with, albeit in part only, by Kautia himself and also later by a firm of Business Consultants acting on behalf of PEU on 25th February 2009 (see AKN-6). \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 48. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 On the other hand, it is hard to ignore the point raised by Mr. Rabuku (though from the bar table) that PEU had been billed substantively for some cases for which a default judgement has been entered against P EU as no defence was ever filed. I accept that these allegations are not in the Affidavit of Kautia. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 49. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 But it appeared that Rabuku was only alerted to this when he was served Narayan\rquote s Affidavit in Answer the day before the hearing of this application. That Affidavit then attached invoices for all outstanding payments that were allegedly supplied to PEU as at 31st August 2008 which of course Mr. Rabuku could not have addressed appropriately because it was only timetabled to be filed and served on the d ay before the hearing and also as Mr. Rabuku was not given any right of reply. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 50. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 I do bear in mind that the invoices included work done in 2003 and for which PEU appeared to have been billed for the first time in 2008. I also note that Mr. Rabuku had mo re or less conceded that Narayan was entitled to some payment, but whether that $39,000 was all that Narayan was entitled to, or whether he was entitled to more, and if so how much is disputed. \par \par }{\b\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Conclusion \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 51. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 To reiterate, Narayan has mounted what I woul d assess at this preliminary stage as a watertight case against PEU. PEU had acknowledged the debt and the amount claimed through its former National President, Mr. Kautoga. PEU also appeared to have then made payments in acknowledgement of the commitment s made by Mr. Kautoga. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 52. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 But Mr. Rabuku has raised some issues questioning some of the Bills. He also highlights that the Bills pertain to work carried out as far back as 2003 and were not properly scrutinised. Why the delay in billing in some of these matters? Admittedly, Mr. Rabuku has not addressed the points raised in Narayan\rquote s second affidavit in any great detail. At this stage however, I am prepared to accept that the reason for that is because he did not have a right of reply to that affidavit. Perhaps if the invoices were attached to Narayan\rquote s first Affidavit, Rabuku might have dealt with them in his Affidavit in Reply. \par \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 53. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 But, be that as it may, it is hard to ignore the issues raised by Mr. Rabuku which in my view, deserve a proper trial hearing. In adopting that view, I have taken into account the following: - \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 (a) }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 the Bills of Costs rendered on 31st August 2008 included work from 2003 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 (b) }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 there are matters still pending in Court for which default judgements were entered against PEU \endash but for which PEU has been billed by Narayan (I caution myself that I am not now accepting this as fact, but am merely giving PEU the benefit at this stage to highlight this in a defence and whatever impact it will have on the claim if at all) \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 (c) }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 the fact that the Bills of Cost were only attached to Narayan\rquote s second affidavit (rather than the first Affidavit) which procedurally, hindered PEU from addressing it in detail. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 (d) }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 that PEU will have to go through its records from 2003 in order to deal with the issue \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 54. }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 Even in the possibility that this case may unfurl to an issue of quantum only, I am of the view that the interest of justice dictates that PEU should have their day in Court on the issues raised by Mr. Rabuku. \par \par }{\b\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 ORDERS \par }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 (i) }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 21 days to PEU to file defence \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 (ii) }{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 14 days thereafter for any reply by Narayan \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631 (iii) }{ \fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 In the way proceedings have unfolded, I award costs in the sum of $250-00 to be paid to the Plaintiff within 21 days. \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par Case adjourned to }{\b\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid11883026 22nd January 2010}{\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 for mention. \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11883026 {\b\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid11883026 Tuilevuka \par Master \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid16085631 {\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid16085631 \par }{\b\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16085631\charrsid11883026 25th November, 2009.}{\b\fs24\ulnone\cf0\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11087364\charrsid11883026 \par }}