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\par }}{\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}
{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8
\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 
\f35\fs22\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI}{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4810180\charrsid5994299 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 AT LAUTOKA
\par MISCELLANEOUS JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 Miscellaneous Case No: HAM 37 of 2009
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 BETWEEN:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15293939\charrsid5994299 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 RIYAZ ALI NUR
\par SAHAMAT ANSAR ALI
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3033184\charrsid5994299 NAUSHAD ALI
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2850429\charrsid5994299 PRAGDEESHWAR}{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15868319\charrsid5994299 AN}{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2850429\charrsid5994299  GOUNDAR}{
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15293939\charrsid5994299 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 Applicants
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 AND:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15293939\charrsid5994299 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 THE STATE}{
\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15293939\charrsid5994299 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 Respondent
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13776353\charrsid5994299 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 Date of Hearing}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14426170\charrsid5994299  & Ruling}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 :}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 11th September 2009
\par Reasons:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646390\charrsid5994299 21st }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 September 2009

\par 
\par Counsel:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 Mr. H.A. Shah}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15868319\charrsid5994299 
 for 1st, 2nd & 3rd Applicants
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646390\charrsid5994299 Mr. D.S. Naidu}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299  for}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15868319\charrsid5994299  the 4th }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 Applicant
\par Ms V. Lidise for State
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 RULING
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 
\par [1]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120595\charrsid5994299 The applicants seek a permanent stay of }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8325483\charrsid5994299 the}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646390\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8325483\charrsid5994299 criminal proceedings against them}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120595\charrsid5994299 
 in the Magistrates}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646390\charrsid5994299 \rquote }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120595\charrsid5994299  Court. }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 On 11 September 2009, I refused }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120595\charrsid5994299 the application.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 I now give my reasons.
\par 
\par [2]\tab On 15 December 2005, the applicants appeared on a number of fraud related charges in the Magistrates\rquote  Court.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 The}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120595\charrsid5994299  charges against}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15285299\charrsid5994299  one}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299  co-ac}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120595\charrsid5994299 cused}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 
 were later withdrawn and he was made a prosecution witness.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 
The prosecution case is that the applicants were employees of Courts Homecentres }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120595\charrsid5994299 Limited }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 
and that they acted in concert to steal furniture an}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5120595\charrsid5994299 d electronic items from their employer}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 
 by raising false in}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646390\charrsid5994299 voices and delivery dockets.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646390\charrsid5994299 The relevant}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6314821\charrsid5994299  documents are available.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6314821\charrsid5994299 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid153191\charrsid5994299 [3]\tab The trial}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646390\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6314821\charrsid5994299 
commenced on 3 September 2009 }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646390\charrsid5994299 before the appli}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8157559\charrsid5994299 cation for stay could be heard.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646390\charrsid5994299 
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6314821\charrsid5994299 [4]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7879488\charrsid5994299 
The application for stay was filed on 1 September 2009 but could not be heard until 10 September 2009 because of unavailability of a full time judge in the}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646390\charrsid5994299 
 Criminal Division, High Court, Lautoka.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6314821\charrsid5994299 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7879488\charrsid5994299 
\par [5]\tab The alleged delay is post charge.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7879488\charrsid5994299 The length of delay is approximately four years.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7879488\charrsid5994299 In these four years the applicants }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15285299\charrsid5994299 
were on bail and they }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7879488\charrsid5994299 made approximately thirty appearances in court.
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5580595\charrsid5994299 
\par [6]\tab The stay is being sought on the following grounds:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2690732 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299 (i) \tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5580595\charrsid5994299 
Defence witnesses are now not locatable and some of them have died.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5580595 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2690732 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2690732\charrsid5994299 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2690732 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299 (ii) \tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5580595\charrsid5994299 
Recollection of events by the witnesses would have been faded with passage of time.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2690732 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13447455\charrsid5994299 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid2690732 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299 (iii) \tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5580595\charrsid5994299 
In all the circumstances the applicants would not receive a fair trial.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5580595\charrsid5994299 
\par [7]\tab Counsel for the applicants }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646390\charrsid5994299 submit the test for stay on the ground of delay is whether there is potential prejudice to the accused persons from receiving a fair trial, citing
}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5580595\charrsid5994299  }{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5580595\charrsid5994299 Amber Grace}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5580595\charrsid5994299  }{
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5580595\charrsid5994299 MacKenzie v. R }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5580595\charrsid5994299 DC WHA T 013181 6 June 2003}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646390\charrsid5994299 ,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5580595\charrsid5994299  }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5580595\charrsid5994299 
State v. Armugam & Ors. HAC 0013 of 1998L}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646390\charrsid5994299 ,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5580595\charrsid5994299  }{
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5580595\charrsid5994299 Mosheem Khan v. DPP}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5580595\charrsid5994299  }{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5580595\charrsid5994299 & A-G}{
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5580595\charrsid5994299  HAA 113 of 2004L}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646390\charrsid5994299 ,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5580595\charrsid5994299  }{
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5580595\charrsid5994299 Ambika Prasad & anr. v. State}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5580595\charrsid5994299  HBM 037 of 2004L}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646390\charrsid5994299 ,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5580595\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646390\charrsid5994299 and }{
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5580595\charrsid5994299 Tawake v. State}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5580595\charrsid5994299  [2009] FJHC 35; HAM126D.2008 (6 February 2009)}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646390\charrsid5994299  as authorities. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500696\charrsid5994299 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646390\charrsid5994299 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500696\charrsid5994299 [8]\tab The State submits the delay was not caused by the prosecution but was systematic.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500696\charrsid5994299 Most of the time was taken sorting out legal representation and dealing with a }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15285299\charrsid5994299 counsel, who represented a co-
}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9992754\charrsid5994299 accused, but }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500696\charrsid5994299 was disqualified by conflict of interest because of his}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3677229\charrsid5994299  previous}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500696\charrsid5994299  involvement in the case as a prosecutor. }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8325483\charrsid5994299 The Magistrate invited formal application from the State for counsel\rquote s disqualification, which should have been a straight forward matter and dealt without delay.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500696\charrsid5994299 Some delay was caused by erroneous transfer of the case to the High Court by the Magistrate}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9992754\charrsid5994299 s\rquote  Court}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500696\charrsid5994299 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500696\charrsid5994299 On the first fixed trial date of 1 August 2007,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9992754\charrsid5994299  the trial did not proceed because}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500696\charrsid5994299  counsel for the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15285299\charrsid5994299 co-}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500696\charrsid5994299 accused }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9992754\charrsid5994299 against who the charges were later withdrawn}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500696\charrsid5994299 , sought an adjournment}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9992754\charrsid5994299 . }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500696\charrsid5994299 The prosecution was ready to proceed }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9992754\charrsid5994299 with the trial on this date}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2260942\charrsid5994299 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9992754\charrsid5994299 
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11424471\charrsid5994299 [9]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9992754\charrsid5994299 As regards the witnesses, the }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2260942\charrsid5994299 State submits the relevant witnesses are ava}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9992754\charrsid5994299 
ilable and the applicants can cross examine the witnesses on the impact of delay on }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2260942\charrsid5994299 t}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid153191\charrsid5994299 heir memories}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9992754\charrsid5994299 . T}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2260942\charrsid5994299 he }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid796211\charrsid5994299 impact of delay on the memories}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9992754\charrsid5994299  of witnesses can also }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2260942\charrsid5994299 
be taken into account by the trial Magistrate in the assessment of the evidence when considering the guilt or innocence of the applicants.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13500696\charrsid5994299 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2260942\charrsid5994299 
\par [}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11234222\charrsid5994299 10}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid796211\charrsid5994299 ]\tab A}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2260942\charrsid5994299  stay on ground of delay }
{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid796211\charrsid5994299 in constitutional law }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2260942\charrsid5994299 did not require proof }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541601\charrsid5994299 of actual p}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid796211\charrsid5994299 rejudice. It was held by the Court of Appeal in }{
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid796211\charrsid5994299 Seru & Stevens v State }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid796211\charrsid5994299 Criminal Appeal AAU0041/42 of 1995S}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid796211\charrsid5994299  that if the delay }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2260942\charrsid5994299 unreasonable}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid796211\charrsid5994299 ,}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195511\charrsid5994299  prejudice can be presumed and a stay will be}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid796211\charrsid5994299  granted}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7371419\charrsid5994299 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195511\charrsid5994299 
The cases cited by the applicants followed the dicta in }{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195511\charrsid5994299 Seru}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195511\charrsid5994299 .}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8414885\charrsid5994299 In a more recent}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195511\charrsid5994299  case of }{
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195511\charrsid5994299 Sahim v State}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195511\charrsid5994299  Misc. Action No.17 of 2007}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195511\charrsid5994299 , }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3738367\charrsid5994299 the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4195511\charrsid5994299 Court of Appeal }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8414885\charrsid5994299 observed that the court in }{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8414885\charrsid5994299 Seru}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8414885\charrsid5994299 
 did not address the availability of alternative remedies in the absence of proof of actual prejudice. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3738367\charrsid5994299 In }{
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3738367\charrsid5994299 Sahim}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3738367\charrsid5994299 , t}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8414885\charrsid5994299 he court said:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3738881\charrsid5994299 
The correct approach of the courts must therefore be two-pronged.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3738881\charrsid5994299 
Firstly, is there unreasonable delay and a breach of section 29(3) of the Constitution? In answering this question, prejudice is relevant but not necessary where the delay is found to be otherwise oppressive in all the circumstances.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3738881\charrsid5994299 The second question is if there has been a breach }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539859\charrsid5994299 what is the remedy? In determining the appropriate remedy, absence of prejudice becomes relevant.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539859\charrsid5994299 Where an accused person is able to be tried fairly without any impairment in the conduct of the defence, the prosecution should not be stayed.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539859\charrsid5994299 
Where the issue is raised on appeal, and the appellant was fairly tried despite the delay, his or her remedy lies in the proportionate reduction of sentence or in the imposition of a non-custodial sentence.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3738881\charrsid5994299 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539859\charrsid5994299 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539859\charrsid5994299 
In adopting this approach, the purpose of the section 29(3) right is preserved, without the necessity of taking the disproportionate and draconian step of terminating proceedings in each case.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539859\charrsid5994299 It must be remembered that delay is often a strategy to avoid justice.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539859\charrsid5994299 
The law on stay must not make an abuse of the processes of the courts, a successful strategy under the guise of a human rights shield.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15539859\charrsid5994299 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8414885\charrsid5994299 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7371419\charrsid5994299 [1}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11234222\charrsid5994299 1}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7371419\charrsid5994299 ]\tab }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3738367\charrsid5994299 The dicta in }{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3738367\charrsid5994299 Sahim}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3738367\charrsid5994299 
 are consistent with the principles for stay in common law. }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15535158\charrsid5994299 T}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7371419\charrsid5994299 he common law test for stay on the ground of }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15535158\charrsid5994299 delay is summarised by Lord Lane CJ in }{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15535158\charrsid5994299 Attorney-General\rquote s Reference (No. 1 of 1990}{
\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15535158\charrsid5994299 ) [1992] 3 All ER 169 at 176}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15535158\charrsid5994299 :}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7371419\charrsid5994299 

\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15535158\charrsid5994299 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15535158\charrsid5994299 
Stays imposed on the grounds of delay or for any other reason should only be employed in exceptional circumstances.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15535158\charrsid5994299 If they were to become a matter of routine, it would be only a short time before the public, understandably, viewed the process with suspicion and mistrust.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15535158\charrsid5994299 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15535158\charrsid5994299 In principle, therefore, even where the delay can be sa
id to be unjustifiable, the imposition of a permanent stay should be the exception rather than the rule.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15535158\charrsid5994299 
Still more ra}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1993011\charrsid5994299 r}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15535158\charrsid5994299 
e should be cases where a stay can properly be imposed in the absence of any fault on the part of the complainant or prosecution.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15535158\charrsid5994299 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15535158\charrsid5994299 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11234222\charrsid5994299 [12]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16276807\charrsid5994299 \tab The observations of Lord Lane CJ were approved in }{
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16276807\charrsid5994299 Tan v Cameron}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16276807\charrsid5994299  [1992] AC 205}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16276807\charrsid5994299 
 (Privy Council) by Lord Mustiff at page 225:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12548016\charrsid5994299 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16276807\charrsid5994299 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16276807\charrsid5994299 
Naturally, the longer the delay the more likely it will be that the prosecution is at fault, and that the delay has caused prejudice to the defendant; and the less that the prosecution has to offer by explanation, the more easily can fault be inferred.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16276807\charrsid5994299 
But the establishment of these facts is only one step on the way to a consideration of whether, in all the circumstances, the situ
ation created by the delay is such as to make it an unfair employment of the powers of the court any longer to hold the defendant to account.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16276807\charrsid5994299 This is a question to be considered in the round, and nothing is gained by the introduction of shifting burdens of
 proof, which serves only to break down into formal steps what is in reality a single appreciation of what is or is not unfair.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16276807\charrsid5994299 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382375\charrsid5994299 
\par [1}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13647756\charrsid5994299 3}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382375\charrsid5994299 ]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1256449\charrsid5994299 The}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15285299\charrsid5994299  principles for stay of prosecution}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid153655\charrsid5994299  strike a balance between two public interests.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid153655\charrsid5994299 The first public interest is that a person who is alleged to have committed a crime should be brought to trial.
}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid153655\charrsid5994299 
The second public interest is that a person who is charged with a crime should not be prejudiced in his or her defence by prosecutorial delay.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid153655\charrsid5994299 Striking the balance in an individual case will depend on a consideration}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541601\charrsid5994299  of all the facts of the matter, }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1256449\charrsid5994299 and in particular the following factors:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2382375\charrsid5994299 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7498711\charrsid5994299 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1783940\charrsid5994299 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5994299 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1783940\charrsid5994299 The length of the delay;}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7498711 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid1783940\charrsid5994299 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5994299 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1783940\charrsid5994299 The reasons for the delay (including on the part of the accused, the judiciary, the prosecution or legal aid;}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1783940 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11474671\charrsid5994299 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5994299 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11474671\charrsid5994299 The inherent time requirements of the case;}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1783940 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11474671\charrsid5994299 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 d)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5994299 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11474671\charrsid5994299 The limitations on institutional resources (including the judiciary, the prosecution and legal aid);}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11474671 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11474671\charrsid5994299 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 e)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5994299 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11474671\charrsid5994299 Any waiver by an accused of his rights;}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11474671 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid11474671\charrsid5994299 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 f)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5994299 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11474671\charrsid5994299 Acquiescence to delay by an accused;}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11474671 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8867206\charrsid5994299 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 g)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5994299 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8867206\charrsid5994299 The effect of delay on the fairness of a trial;}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11474671 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid8867206\charrsid5994299 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 h)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx720\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls14\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5994299 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8867206\charrsid5994299 Any prejudice to the accused caused by the delay}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8325483\charrsid5994299  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8867206\charrsid5994299 [see}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8325483\charrsid5994299 ,}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8867206\charrsid5994299  }{
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8867206\charrsid5994299 Tevita Nalawa v. State}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8867206\charrsid5994299  AAU0031 of 2007S}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8867206\charrsid5994299 ]}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8325483\charrsid5994299 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8867206\charrsid5994299 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid153655\charrsid5994299 
\par [1}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13647756\charrsid5994299 4}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid153655\charrsid5994299 ]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1256449\charrsid5994299 More recently}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11273762\charrsid5994299  in }{\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11273762\charrsid5994299 Jonacani Nacagi v. State}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11273762\charrsid5994299 
 Crim. Misc. Case No: HAM 23 of 2009}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11273762\charrsid5994299  this Court reviewed the principles for stay on ground of delay and said:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid153655\charrsid5994299 

\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11273762\charrsid5994299 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid201137\charrsid5994299 \'85}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 ..}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15664579\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid201137\charrsid5994299 t}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15664579\charrsid5994299 he governing principles for a stay application on the ground of delay either in the common law or the constitutional law are:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15664579\charrsid5994299 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid15664579\charrsid5994299 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx900\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls15\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5994299 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15664579\charrsid5994299 Is there a breach of right to be tried within a reasonable time; the reasonableness inquiry to be made using }{
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15664579\charrsid5994299 Dyer v. Watson}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15664579\charrsid5994299  approach?
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx900\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15664579\charrsid5994299 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid15664579\charrsid5994299 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx900\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls15\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5994299 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15664579\charrsid5994299 If the case is not heard within a reasonable time, regardless of the accused being prejudiced or not due to the delay, there is a breach of right.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx900\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15664579\charrsid5994299 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid15664579\charrsid5994299 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\widctlpar\jclisttab\tx900\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls15\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5994299 {
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15664579\charrsid5994299 Whether the breach could be remedied by an appropriate remedy without recourse to stay of the proceedings, unless the hearing would be 
unfair or it would be unfair to try the accused at all.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15664579\charrsid5994299 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15664579\charrsid5994299 
\par [1}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1138893\charrsid5994299 5}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15664579\charrsid5994299 ]\tab }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 The approach in }{
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 Dyer v. Watson}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299  [2002] UKPC D1}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 
 was set out by Lord Bingham:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11273762\charrsid5994299 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299 "}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 
52. In any case in which it is said that the reasonable time requirement (to which I will henceforward confine myself) has been or will be violated, the first step is to consider the period of time which has elapsed.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 
Unless that period is one which, on its face and without more, gives grounds for real concern it is almost certainly unnecessary to go further, since the Convention is directed not to departures from the ideal but to infringements of basic human rights.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 The threshold of proving a breach of the reasonable time requirement is a high one, not easily crossed.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 But if the period which has elapsed is one which, on 
its face and without more, gives ground for real concern, two consequences follow.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 
First, it is necessary for the court to look into the detailed facts and circumstances of the particular case.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 The Strasbourg case law shows very clearly that the outcome is closely dependent on the facts of each case.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 Secondly, it is necessary for the contracting state to explain and justify any lapse of time which appears to be excessive.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 53.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 The court has identified three areas as calling for particular inquiry.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 The first of these is the complexity of the case.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 
It is recognized, realistically enough, that the more complex a case, the greater the number of witnesses, the heavier the burden of documentation, the longer the time which must necessarily be taken to prepare
 it adequately for trial and for any appellate hearing.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 
But with any case, however complex, there comes a time when the passage of time becomes excessive and unacceptable.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 
54. The second matter to which the court has routinely paid regard is the conduct o
f the defendant. In almost any fair and developed legal system it is possible for a recalcitrant defendant to cause delay by making spurious applications and challenges, changing legal advisers, absenting himself, exploiting procedural technicalities, and
 so on.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 A defendant cannot properly complain of delay of which he is the author.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 
But procedural time-wasting on his part does not entitle the prosecuting authorities themselves to waste time unnecessarily and excessively. The third matter routinely and care
fully considered by the court is the manner in which the case has been dealt with by the administrative and judicial authorities. It is plain that contracting states cannot blame unacceptable delays on a general want of prosecutors or judges or courthouse
s or on chronic under-funding of the legal system.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 
It is, generally speaking, incumbent on contracting states so to organize their legal systems as to ensure that the reasonable time requirement is honoured.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 But nothing in the Convention jurisprudence requires courts to shut their eyes to the practical realities of litigious life even in a reasonably well-organised legal system.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 
Thus it is not objectionable for a prosecutor to deal with cases according to what he reasonably regards as their priority, so as t
o achieve an orderly dispatch of business. It must be accepted that a prosecutor cannot ordinarily devote his whole time and attention to a single case. Courts are entitled to draw up their lists of cases for trial some time in advance. It may be necessar
y
 to await the availability of a judge possessing a special expertise or the availability of a courthouse with special facilities or security. Plans may be disrupted by unexpected illness. The pressure on a court may be increased by a sudden and unforeseen
 surge of business.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 
There is no general obligation on a prosecutor, such as that imposed on a prosecutor seeking to extend a custody time limit under section 22(3)(b) of the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985, to show that he has acted \lquote with all due diligence
 and expedition.\rquote 
 But a marked lack of expedition, if unjustified, will point towards a breach of the reasonable time requirement, and the authorities will make clear that while, for purposes of the reasonable time requirement, time runs from the date when
 the defendant is charged, the passage of any considerable period of time before charge may call for greater than normal expedition thereafter.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299 "}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 
\par [1}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1138893\charrsid5994299 6}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 ]\tab On the facts of this case}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541601\charrsid5994299 ,}
{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299  I find the delay to be unreasonable.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 Although this is a complex fraud case, there is no justification for the delay of four years.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541601\charrsid5994299 I do not attribute the }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 delay to the applicants.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 Nor do I attri}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541601\charrsid5994299 bute the delay to}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299  the prosecution.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 
The delay was systematic, that is, the failure by the Magistrates\rquote  Court to control its}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541601\charrsid5994299  own proceedings and to prevent}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299  unnecessary delay.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10124361\charrsid5994299 
I find the applicants\rquote  rights to be tried within a reasonable time have been breached.
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6177657\charrsid5994299 
\par [1}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3355517\charrsid5994299 7}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6177657\charrsid5994299 ]\tab The question is whether the breach could be rem}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541601\charrsid5994299 edied by an appropriate remedy}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6177657\charrsid5994299  without recourse to stay}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541601\charrsid5994299  of}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6177657\charrsid5994299  the prosecution.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6177657\charrsid5994299 I bear in mind the principle that a stay should not be granted unless the hearing would be unfair or it would be unfair to try the applicants at all.
\par 
\par [1}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13384919\charrsid5994299 8}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6177657\charrsid5994299 ]\tab The applicants rely on the unavailability of witnesses and possible loss of memo}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1256449\charrsid5994299 ries}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541601\charrsid5994299  of available witnesses to show}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6177657\charrsid5994299 
 unfairness.
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9458218\charrsid5994299 [1}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13384919\charrsid5994299 9}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9458218\charrsid5994299 ]\tab 
When the issue of a fair trial arises from absence of witnesses, the onus is on the applicants to prove on balance of probability that by reason of the absence of any particular witness they will be unable to receive a fair trial (}{
\b\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9458218\charrsid5994299 Malakai Tuiloa v. State}{\i\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9458218\charrsid5994299  Criminal Misc. Case No. HAM 10 of 2007)}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9458218\charrsid5994299 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6177657\charrsid5994299 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9458218\charrsid5994299 
\par [}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16469432\charrsid5994299 20}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9458218\charrsid5994299 ]\tab In the present case}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541601\charrsid5994299 
, except for}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9458218\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541601\charrsid5994299 assertions}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9458218\charrsid5994299 
, the applicants did not offer details of their unavailable witnesses and }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541601\charrsid5994299 the relevance of their testimonies}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1256449\charrsid5994299 
 to their defence}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14895063\charrsid5994299 .}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14895063\charrsid5994299 
Thus, this Court was unable to make an assessment of the relevance and impact of the absent witnesses proposed testimony on the right to a fair trial.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14895063\charrsid5994299 The onus was on the applicants and they failed to discharge the onus.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9458218\charrsid5994299 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14895063\charrsid5994299 
\par [2}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16469432\charrsid5994299 1}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14895063\charrsid5994299 ]\tab The issue of fade memories of the available }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1256449\charrsid5994299 prosecution }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14895063\charrsid5994299 witnesses is a matter that the trial Magistrate can consider in the assessment of the evidence.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14895063\charrsid5994299 The applicants can cross exami}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15748241\charrsid5994299 
ne the witnesses on their memories}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14895063\charrsid5994299  as well.
\par 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12918257\charrsid5994299 [2}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16469432\charrsid5994299 2}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12918257\charrsid5994299 ]\tab If the applicants are co
nvicted, delay is a matter that can also be considered in deciding appropriate sentences.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14895063\charrsid5994299 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12918257\charrsid5994299 
\par [2}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10315755\charrsid5994299 3}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12918257\charrsid5994299 ]\tab 
In all circumstances, I am not satisfied that the trial would be unfair or it would be unfair to try the applicants at all.}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12918257\charrsid5994299 The trial procedures provide adequ}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1256449\charrsid5994299 ate protection against any}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12918257\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid541601\charrsid5994299 concerns }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1256449\charrsid5994299 
the applicants have on the memories of available}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12918257\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1256449\charrsid5994299 prosecution }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12918257\charrsid5994299 witnesses.
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2110272\charrsid5994299 
\par [2}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10315755\charrsid5994299 4}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2110272\charrsid5994299 ]\tab The applications are refused.}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5994299\charrsid5994299  }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2110272\charrsid5994299 The trial must continue in the Magistrates\rquote  }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1861722\charrsid5994299 C}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2110272\charrsid5994299 ourt without any further delay.
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2110272\charrsid5994299 
\par SO ORDERED:}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2110272\charrsid5994299 
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2110272\charrsid5994299 Daniel Goundar
\par JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5994299 {\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2110272\charrsid5994299 
\par At Lautoka
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4011183\charrsid5994299 2}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2110272\charrsid5994299 1}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4011183\charrsid5994299 st }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2110272\charrsid5994299 September 2009
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5982723\charrsid5994299 
\par }{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13448769\charrsid5994299 Solicitors:}{\b\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5982723\charrsid5994299 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4011971\charrsid5994299 Mr. H.A. Shah }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8157438\charrsid5994299 for 1st, 2nd}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11079935\charrsid5994299  &}{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8157438\charrsid5994299  3rd Applicants
\par M}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4011971\charrsid5994299 r. D.S. Naidu }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13391758\charrsid5994299 for}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8157438\charrsid5994299  the 4th }{
\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13391758\charrsid5994299 Applicant}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16479986\charrsid5994299 
\par }{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13391758\charrsid5994299 Office of the DPP for State}{\f0\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5982723\charrsid5994299 
\par }}