{\rtf1\ansi\ansicpg1252\uc1\deff0\stshfdbch0\stshfloch0\stshfhich0\stshfbi0\deflang1033\deflangfe1033{\fonttbl{\f0\froman\fcharset0\fprq2{\*\panose 02020603050405020304}Times New Roman{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f68\froman\fcharset238\fprq2 Times New Roman CE{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f69\froman\fcharset204\fprq2 Times New Roman Cyr{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f71\froman\fcharset161\fprq2 Times New Roman Greek{\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f72\froman\fcharset162\fprq2 Times New Roman Tur{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f73\froman\fcharset177\fprq2 Times New Roman (Hebrew){\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f74\froman\fcharset178\fprq2 Times New Roman (Arabic){\*\falt Times New Roman};}
{\f75\froman\fcharset186\fprq2 Times New Roman Baltic{\*\falt Times New Roman};}{\f76\froman\fcharset163\fprq2 Times New Roman (Vietnamese){\*\falt Times New Roman};}}{\colortbl;\red0\green0\blue0;\red0\green0\blue255;\red0\green255\blue255;
\red0\green255\blue0;\red255\green0\blue255;\red255\green0\blue0;\red255\green255\blue0;\red255\green255\blue255;\red0\green0\blue128;\red0\green128\blue128;\red0\green128\blue0;\red128\green0\blue128;\red128\green0\blue0;\red128\green128\blue0;
\red128\green128\blue128;\red192\green192\blue192;}{\stylesheet{\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \snext0 Normal;}{\*\cs10 \additive \ssemihidden Default Paragraph Font;}{\*
\ts11\tsrowd\trftsWidthB3\trpaddl108\trpaddr108\trpaddfl3\trpaddft3\trpaddfb3\trpaddfr3\tscellwidthfts0\tsvertalt\tsbrdrt\tsbrdrl\tsbrdrb\tsbrdrr\tsbrdrdgl\tsbrdrdgr\tsbrdrh\tsbrdrv 
\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1024\langfe1024\cgrid\langnp1024\langfenp1024 \snext11 \ssemihidden Normal Table;}{\s15\ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext15 Style 1;}{\s16\qj \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa288\sl360\slmult1\widctlpar\tx864\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 
\sbasedon0 \snext16 Style 3;}{\s17\ql \li0\ri0\sa360\sl348\slmult0\widctlpar\tx2160\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext17 Style 2;}{\s18\qj \fi144\li576\ri0\sl360\slmult1
\widctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin576\itap0 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext18 Style 4;}{\s19\ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\sa432\sl384\slmult0\widctlpar\tx720\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 \sbasedon0 \snext19 Style 5;}}{\*\latentstyles\lsdstimax156\lsdlockeddef0}{\*\rsidtbl \rsid210228\rsid343387\rsid353463\rsid932534\rsid1184482\rsid2240395\rsid2950000\rsid3751827\rsid4203137
\rsid4338917\rsid4459398\rsid5333529\rsid5396315\rsid5733838\rsid5852144\rsid6380591\rsid6493968\rsid6520057\rsid7017632\rsid7634036\rsid7799390\rsid8271970\rsid8617540\rsid8737333\rsid8871475\rsid9045709\rsid10318728\rsid10421635\rsid10697489
\rsid10748171\rsid10825111\rsid11011322\rsid12336027\rsid12390978\rsid12673251\rsid13778934\rsid14493639\rsid14561304\rsid14812889\rsid15164212\rsid15945618}{\*\generator Microsoft Word 11.0.5604;}{\info{\author maltungtung_l}{\operator maltungtung_l}
{\creatim\yr2009\mo7\dy14\hr9\min19}{\revtim\yr2009\mo10\dy15\hr14\min9}{\version50}{\edmins467}{\nofpages5}{\nofwords2688}{\nofchars15322}{\*\company scims}{\nofcharsws17975}{\vern24689}}\paperw11918\paperh16838\margl0\margr0\margt0\margb0 
\widowctrl\ftnbj\aenddoc\noxlattoyen\expshrtn\noultrlspc\dntblnsbdb\nospaceforul\subfontbysize\hyphcaps0\formshade\horzdoc\dghspace120\dgvspace120\dghorigin1701\dgvorigin1984\dghshow0\dgvshow3
\jcompress\viewkind4\viewscale100\pgbrdrhead\pgbrdrfoot\nolnhtadjtbl\rsidroot5396315 \fet0\sectd \linex0\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid5733838\sftnbj {\*\pnseclvl1\pnucrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl2\pnucltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang 
{\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl3\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta .}}{\*\pnseclvl4\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl5\pndec\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl6\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang 
{\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl7\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl8\pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain 
\qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10421635 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid10421635 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI}{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635\charrsid10421635 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid5733838 AT SUVA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10421635 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635\charrsid10421635 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10421635 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid10421635 ACTION NO.: HBC }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5333529 1}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid10421635 32 OF 2001
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10421635 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635\charrsid10421635 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10421635 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid10421635 BETWEEN:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635\charrsid10421635 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10421635 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635\charrsid10421635 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10421635 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid10421635 NBF ASSET MANAGEMENT BANK
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid10421635 Plaintiff
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10421635 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635\charrsid10421635 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10421635 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid10421635 AND:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635\charrsid10421635 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10421635 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635\charrsid10421635 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10421635 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid10421635 ROBERT McEWEN KASAVU RIGAMOTO
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid10421635 First Defendant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10421635 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635\charrsid10421635 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10421635 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid10421635 MARIETA MAKARITA RIGAMOTO
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid10421635 Second Defendant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10421635 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635\charrsid10421635 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10421635 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid10421635 VISANTI MAKRAVA
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid10421635 Third Defendant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10421635 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635\charrsid10421635 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10421635 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid10421635 RAJESH CHAND
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid10421635 Fourth Defendant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10421635 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635\charrsid10421635 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10421635 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid10421635 RANJIT PRASA}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid10421635 D}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14493639  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4459398 f/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid10421635 n Suruj Bali
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid10421635 Fifth Defendant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10421635 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635\charrsid10421635 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10421635 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid10421635 REGISTRAR OF TITLES
\par }{\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid10421635 Sixth Defendant
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8271970 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 Counsels:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 Ms R. Lal for Plaintiff
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635 Ms P. Salele for 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid10421635\charrsid5733838 st}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635  and 2}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid10421635\charrsid5733838 nd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 Defendants
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635 No Appearance for 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid10421635\charrsid5733838 rd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 ,}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635  4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid10421635\charrsid5733838 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635  and 5}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid10421635\charrsid5733838 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635  Defendants
\par Ms N. Karan for 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid10421635\charrsid5733838 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 Defendant}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 Date of Hearing:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635 1}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid10421635\charrsid5733838 st}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970  September, 2008}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635 Date of Judgment: 31}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid10421635\charrsid5733838 st}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635  October, 2008
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10421635 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635\charrsid5733838 JUDGMENT
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8271970 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635 [1] }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 The plaintiff a statutory body had taken over all rights and liabilities of the National Bank of Fiji under the National Bank 
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635 of Fiji Restru}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10421635\charrsid8271970 cting}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970  Act.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 The}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1184482  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
first and second defendants were }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1184482 customers of the plaintiff Bank. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
They had obtained certain advances from the Bank between the years 1991 to 1995. As security for the loan the two defendants gave among other securities a mortgage over their freehold land comprised in Certificate of Title 17821 having an area of }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1184482 6}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 4 acres and 24 perches. It was agricultural land. The amount initially advan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1184482 
ced and secured was $404}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4459398 , 589.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8737333 97}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1184482 .}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970  Over period of time interest has built up. It was agreed by the parties in the pre-trial conference }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8737333 Minutes that the two defendants 
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 namely the Rigamotos never repaid the Bank and the debt is still outstanding and due.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1184482\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 [2]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
The third defendant was a Director and the Chief Manager of the plaintiff Bank at the material time. The Rigamotos knew the third defendant well. They were all from the island of Rotuma. The fourth and fifth defendants were farm hands who worked for the R
igamotos and mainly looked after the dairy cows and the milking business. They were paid wages at the rate of $7.00 per day. They ended up with having the land transferred to them without having paid a cent.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6380591\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6380591 [3] }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 There were four people who testified. They w
ere Sala Bulavakarua who is a Bank Officer, Rajesh Chand the fourth defendant and the Rigamotos. The problem between the parties }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6380591 arose when the Rigamotos on 13}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid6380591\charrsid5733838 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6380591  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 June 1995 transferred Certificate of Ti}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6380591 tle 17821 to the two farm hands.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970  The consideration sh}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6380591 ow
n on the transfer is $420,000.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 00. The problem is compounded by the fact that usual conveyancing and banking practices in transfer of mortgaged land were not followed.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6380591\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid5733838 ISSUES:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6380591\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 [4]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 The issues in this case are as follows}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10825111 :
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10825111 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10825111 (a) }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 whether the transfer of Certif
icate of Title 17821 fro}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10825111 m }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 the Rigamotos to the two farm hands was done fraudulently;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5733838 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid10825111 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 (b)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 Is the plaintiff bound by the acts and decisions of the third}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10825111  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
defendant?}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8271970 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10825111\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid10825111 Issue (a) - Whether the transfer to the fa}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10825111\charrsid10825111 rm hands was fraudulently done:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10825111 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 [5]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
The plaintiff submits that the transfer was fraudulently done so the Rigamotos could escape from their debt to the Bank. Sala Bulavakarua told the court that there were no written instructions from the Bank to anyone to discharge the mortgage given by the
 
Rigamotos and transfer the land to the two farm hands. She further told the court that there were no formal applications by the farm hands for a loan. They made no payments to the Bank and there was no transfer of Rigamoto's debt to the two farm hands. Ac
cording to this witness the usual practice of the Bank}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852144  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 is to give written instructions for transfers of mortgaged properties.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 She stated that the Bank only came to know of the transfer after it had been done.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852144\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 [6}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852144 ]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
The Rigamoto's version was that the farm wa
s not operating satisfactorily as they expected. Mr. Rigamoto told the court that he went and saw the Chief Manager and told him that they wanted to surrender the farm to the Bank. He further told the court that he was informed that the Bank had customers
 wanting to buy properties and that is how the arrangement for transfer of the farm came about.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852144\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852144 [7] }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
He says that all he knew was that he was asked to go to Messrs G.P. Lala and Associates solicitors. He did not even know that the land was going to be sold 
until he reached the lawyer's office, a remarkable story indeed of a person going to a solicitor's office without knowing the purpose of the visit.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852144\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 [}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14812889 8]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14812889 I}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970  believe Sala Bulavakarua that Bank procedure is to insist on written instructions. The agreed bundle of documents endorses her comments. Examples of these are a letter dated }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8737333 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid8737333\charrsid5733838 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8737333  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
November 1994 expressing Bank's approval to increase an overdraft facility to $35,000.00. It gives}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14812889  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
terms of offer and there is signed acceptance of the term}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8871475 s by the Rigamotos; again on 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid8871475\charrsid5733838 rd}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8871475  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
February 1995 when temporary increase in overdraft facility was granted to the Rigamotos, there was a letter written to them. These letters show that the Bank put matters into writing even if the amounts were not large.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8871475\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8871475 [9] }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
She stated that there were no written instructions given to the solicitors to discharge existing mortgage and to prepare fresh mortgage in the name of the two farm hands. She states there is nothing in the records to show that the Bank offered to take any
 
mortgage from these two farm hands. She stated that there was lack of paper trail. In practice there would be need for proposal, approval by loan sector and assessment report from loans department. The report would then be forwarded to the Manager of the 
Department and then to the General Manager. The normal practice is that the whole process is documented.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8871475\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 [1}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8871475 0}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 ]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 Definitely, Messrs G.P. Lala & Associates, a firm of solicitors prepared a transfer from the Rigamotos to the two farm hands.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 It is document 20 in t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9045709 he agreed bundle. It is dated 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid9045709\charrsid932534 th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9045709  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 June 1995. Messrs G.P. Lala & Associates could not possibly have acted of their own initiative.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 Absent written instructions, it is very probable that the third defendant gave verbal instructions for transfer of the land 
in complete disregard of Bank's usual procedures. Simply because the instructions are verbal does not make them invalid.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
Confirmation of verbal instructions could be done later but may have been overlooked and surely ignored.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8871475\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 [11]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 However, what is of conc
ern is how the Bank could even give instructions for transfer of land from the registered proprietor to the third party unless they both, namely the transferor and the transferee agree. Like any contract there must be common intention between the parties.
}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8871475\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 [12]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
There are two ways a mortgaged property can be disposed off - firstly by mortgagee's sale where the mortgagee need not take consent of the}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8871475  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 mortgag}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8871475 or/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778934 registered proprietor. }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 Secondly by the mortgagor with the consent of the mortgagee with the sale proceeds being paid to the mortgagee in liquidation or part payment of the debt.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8871475\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 [13]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
The present was the latter of the above two methods but not quite on all fours with it. Surely the vendor and purchaser would need to work out a purchase price, terms of pur
chase and payments and items included in the sale. Usually these conditions would need to be finalized before the transfer is signed. Often in a sale this big, a sale and purchase agreement is executed in addition to the transfer. The first defendant told
 the court that he did not know that the land was going to be sold until he reached the lawyer's office. He also told the court that the purchasers did not ask him about costs and production on the farm, the type of questions which a potential buy}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12336027 er would ask and information he/}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
she would like to know. He further told the court that he did not determine the purchase price. He drew blank answers to series of questions in cross examination as follows:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12336027\charrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5733838 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 Q:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 How did you decide the purchase price?}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8271970 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12336027\charrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5733838 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 A:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 I did not decide the purchase price.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12336027 I}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970  only learnt of it at G. P. Lala's Office when G.P. Lala told us.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8271970 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12336027\charrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5733838 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 Q:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12336027 Why would G.P. La}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 la determine the purchase price?}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8271970 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12336027\charrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5733838 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 A:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 That is a good question.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8271970 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12336027\charrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5733838 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 Q:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 As a vendor should you not decide the price?}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8271970 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12336027\charrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5733838 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 A:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 No, it never occurred to me.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8271970 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12336027\charrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5733838 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 Q:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 How were the purchase pri}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12336027 ce funds going to be dispersed?
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8271970 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12336027 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5733838 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 A:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12336027 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970  really don't know.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8271970 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12336027\charrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5733838 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 Q:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 Then how could Lala explain you thoroughly if you cannot answer these questions?}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8271970 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12336027\charrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5733838 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778934 A:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 That is as far as he [Lala}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12336027 ]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970  went.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8271970 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12336027\charrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5733838 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 Q:}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12336027 You do not seem to know much?
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5733838 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12336027 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5733838 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 A: Silence.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8271970 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13778934 [14]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
Marieta Rigamoto told the court that she did not sign the transfer the same day as Robert Rigamoto as she was away overseas. She also told the court that she did not know that the two farm hands were going to }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12673251 buy the land until Mr. G. P. La}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 la the solicitor told them.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12673251\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 [15]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
One of the farm hands Rajesh Chand also gave evidence. He stated that he earned $7.00 per day and that he did not buy the farm.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
He had no discussions to buy the farm. He told the court that the third defendant told them to run the farm that is to milk cows and sell the milk. He told the court that }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12390978 he}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4203137  went to G.P. Lala's }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4203137\charrsid12390978 Offi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12390978 c}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid12390978 e}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
 to sign papers to run the business. They then went back to the farm and continued their daily routine of milking cows, taking their wages from sales and rest they spent on maintenance of vehicles etc.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 

\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12673251\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid12673251 Analysis:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12673251\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 [16]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 A defence of non est factum is not li
ghtly allowed when a person of full age and capacity has signed a written document embodying contractual terms: }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid10318728 Fiji }{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid7634036 Development Bank v. Ragona}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
 - (1984) 30 FLR 151. The general rule is that a party of full age and understanding is bound by his/her signature to a document whether he/she reads or understands it or not: }{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid7634036 
Hewitt and Another v. Habib Bank Ltd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 . -}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5733838  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 ABU 7 of 2004.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7634036\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 [17]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
There are some documents which were signed by the two farm hands. They had apparently signed a mortgage copy of which is not included in the agreed bundle; they signed a blank guarantee which has not been witnessed; and an undertaking dated }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2950000 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid2950000\charrsid5733838 rd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2950000  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
July 1995 well after the signing of the transfer. It is difficult to comprehend the need to take such an undertaking if a mortgage had already been obtained from the two persons. Further Marieta Rigamoto told the court that when she went to sign the trans
fer at the solicitor's office she saw a document listing out the items which they sold. She was talking of the undertaking. I am of the view that she saw no such undertaking. The transfer was registered by }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2950000 13}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid2950000\charrsid5733838 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2950000  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
June 1995 so she must have }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799390 signed the document before 13}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid7799390\charrsid5733838 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799390  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 if not}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799390  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 on }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799390 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid7799390\charrsid5733838 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799390  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
June 1995. The undertaking ca}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799390 me into existence on 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid7799390\charrsid5733838 rd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799390  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 July 1995 so there was no possibility of her having seen this document.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799390\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 [18]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
One of the farm hands was earning $7.00 a day. Robert Rigamoto stated that their wages were $1.00
 an hour. It is very unlikely that these two farm hands impecunious as they were would embark on a venture this big. Rajesh Chand stated all he knew was to milk cows. I accept his explanation that they were led to believe by Makrava that signing the docum
e
nts meant that the two were going to run the farm. He never believed that he was signing a transfer. He was misled into believing that the document he was signing were something other than what they really were. This is different from the usual non est fa
ctum situation. The farm hands had been misinformed about the contents of the documents. Rajesh Chand had only been up to Form 3 and knew little English.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799390\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 [19]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
The problem for the Bank is that there was no proposal from the two farm hands; they may have signed a mortgage but the bank advanced them no money. There was no banker customer relationship. They did not pay}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7017632  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
any money to the Bank despite the fact that they gave an undertaking. There is nothing to suggest that the undertaking was given in response to 
a request made by the Bank. This absence of payment by the farm hands further fortifies the view that they thought they were signing documents to run the farm. However, I also note the judgment by defa}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7017632 
ult had been entered against 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid7017632\charrsid12390978 rd}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7017632 , 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid7017632\charrsid12390978 th}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7017632  and 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid7017632\charrsid12390978 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970  defendant
s which would suggest they accept liability. But then this order on default judgment has from records not been served on these defendants nor was the fourth defendant cross examined about it.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7017632\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2950000 [20]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 The Bank is in a remarkably awkward position. There is a m
ortgage in its favour. However it is given by persons who have no banker/customer relationship so the Bank cannot make a demand from them or proceed to mortgagee sale. A previous mortgage was discharged without the Bank}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7017632  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 having been paid.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 Therefore even the first and second defendants' debt to the Bank remains unpaid.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7017632\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 [21]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
The first and second defendants had run into unforeseen difficulties. They faced marketing problems whi}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7017632 ch they could not solve. On 10}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid7017632\charrsid5733838 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7017632  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 May 1995 Ro
bert Rigamoto wrote to the Chief Manager of National Bank of Fiji stating that he still could not get a buyer because of non-availability of security and contributions as a pre-requisite. He refers to discussions in March between Makrava and himself. He r
efers to farm not being viable. This letter is a clear indicator that the Rigamotos were caught in a losing venture and had desire to get out of it and they were seeking assistance from the third defendant of how to }{
\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid5733838 "}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid7017632 go about release}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7017632\charrsid7017632 /}{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid7017632 takeover}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid5733838 "}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid7017632 .}{
\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7017632\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 [22]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 The fi
rst and second defendants therefore found themselves in a dilemma. They were lumbered with a farm which was not generating enough income. There was a mortgage which needed to be paid off. The}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7017632  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 Rigamotos were unable to find a buyer and they were desperate. T
he two farm hands were not clients of the Bank so they were not from the pool of Bank's customers looking for properties to buy. Rajesh Chand struck me as a simple rustic person but not foolish. He would have known that with his income it would be foolhar
dy to venture into an enterprise this big. }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2240395 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
 am of the view having heard him testify in a convincing coherent way that he was not interested at all in buying the property and the only reason he signed various documents was because he believed that it would 
enable him to run the farm. The only persons who were going to gain from this were the Rigamotos as it would enable them to extricate themselves fro}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2240395 m a difficult situation. I find}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970  that they knew Makrava well and he was prepared to assist the first two defe
ndants. The Rigamotos have by this device managed to get out of their huge debt to the Bank and which to this day remains unpaid as the two farm hands have not paid a cent of their debt.
\par 
\par [23}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2240395 ]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970  Mr. Makrava really had no financial interest in the loan}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2240395  made t
o the Rigamotos.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
 From a common sense point of view the Rigamotos would be a far better security for the Bank than the two farm hands. At the end of the day the Banks prefer to recover th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10697489 e}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 ir advances with interest without having to enforce their security. I
t ensures sound banker-customer business relationship. So independent of some other force, Makrava had no interest or incentive to transfer the land to some one else.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 That incentive could only come from the Riga}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10697489 m}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
otos who were in a }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid5733838 "}{\b\i\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid10697489 dilemma}{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid5733838 "}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970  in their own word.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10697489\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid10697489 Issue (b) - Is the Plaintiff bound by the }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10697489\charrsid10697489 actions of the third defendant?
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10697489 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 [24]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
The third defendant was the Chief Manager of the Bank. He was probably one of the highest officials if not the highest officer in the organization. He would be answerable
 to the Board. Ms Salele submitted that there was no evidence that Makrava was acting beyond the parameters of his duties or scope of his authority in giving instructions to the lawyers to discharge the mortgage.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid353463\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 [25}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid353463 ]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
She submitted that the mortgagee sale was open to it and it did not resort to it so the Bank must take responsibility for consequences of its actions. Ms Salele relied on cases dealing with vicarious liability in negligence to support her submissions.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid353463\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 [26]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid353463 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
 have already found that the initi
ator of the scheme to obtain release for the Rigamotos from their debts were the Rigamotos. However, the Rigamotos would also have known that the prospective purchasers did not have the means to either pay them or pay the Bank. They would have known that 
t}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4338917 he undertaking given by the two}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970  was useless as later events of no payments showed.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid353463\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid353463 [27]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
 Ms Salele's submissions would be sound if the Rigamotos had been unaware of the authority and extent of powers of the third defendant and were strangers to the whole transaction. But I have found}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid353463  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 that the unseen hand of the Rigamotos was at work here to the bank's detriment. Makrava was acting for their good and not for the bank's benefit.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid353463\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 [28]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
Even if the mortgage is discharged, there is no correspondence from the Bank itself to suggest that the Rigamotos were being completely released of their personal obligations to pay the debt to the Bank.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid353463\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 [29]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid353463 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
 conclude that the two farm hands did not kno
w that they were signing a transfer of land but something else. Accordingly I declare the transfer and the consequential mortgage given by them as void. The transfer and the mortgage given by them ought to be cancelled by the Registrar of Titles. The debt
 of $1,528,336.69 is not seriously challenged. It is the amount shown on plaintif}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 f}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6520057 '}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 s exhibit 1 being Bank statement. Accordingly }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid353463 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
 enter judgment against the first and second defendants jointly and severally in the sum of $1,528,336.69. The plaintiff is ent
itled to its costs from the first and second defendants. Counsels had conducted their case strictly according to issues and therefore I fix costs at $2,000.00.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid353463\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid353463 Final Orders:
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid353463\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 [30]}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid210228 I}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
 make the following orders}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3751827 :}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3751827\charrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid210228 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3751827 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 a}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3751827 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 that the transfer }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3751827 
number 379097 registered on 13}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid3751827\charrsid5733838 th}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3751827  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
June 1995 from the first and second defendants to the fourth and fifth defendants is declared void and is to be cancelled by the sixth defendant.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8271970 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3751827\charrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid210228 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 (b)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 that any mortgage given by the fourth and fifth defendants over Certificate of Title 17821 is declared void and is to be cancelled by the sixth defendant.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8271970 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3751827\charrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid210228 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 (c)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 that the first and second defendants be restored as registered proprietors against Certificate of title 17821.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8271970 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid210228 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 (d)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 that the discharge of the mortgage number 312891 was invalid.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8271970 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3751827\charrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid210228 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 (e) that the mortgage number 312891 be restored against the Certificate of Title 17821.}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8271970 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3751827\charrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid210228 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14561304 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 f)}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 that there be judgment for the plaintiff against the first and second defendants}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6520057  in the sum of $1,528,336}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 .}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14561304 6}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 9.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8271970 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14561304\charrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid210228 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 (}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14561304 g}{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 )}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
I order the first and second defendants to pay costs to the plaintiff in the sum of $2,000.00.}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8271970 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14561304\charrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid210228 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 (h)}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 There is to be no order of costs against the other defendants.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8271970 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid14561304 {\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14561304\charrsid14561304 [Jiten Singh]
\par }{\b\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid14561304 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8271970 {\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14561304\charrsid8271970 
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 At Suva
\par }{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14561304 31}{\lang2057\langfe1033\super\langnp2057\insrsid14561304\charrsid5733838 st}{\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14561304  }{
\fs24\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8271970\charrsid8271970 October 2008
\par }}