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\par Date of Hearing:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid9404004\charrsid9066289 27th February, 2008}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid873466\charrsid9066289 
\par Date of Ruling:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid12935194\charrsid9066289 4th April, 2008}{\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid873466\charrsid9066289 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid6903372\charrsid9066289 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 RULING}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid873466\charrsid9066289 

\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6903372\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6058885 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 O. 14 \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0  Summary J}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5596155\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 udgment \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6058885 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 C}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15681196\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 omparison}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5596155\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  of signature}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8397928\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6903372\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid873466\charrsid9066289 

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5596155\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid873466\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Introduction}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid873466 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid873466\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [1]\tab This is an applicatio}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4683022\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 n for }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2049629\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 S}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4683022\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
ummary Judgment against all the defendants in the sum of US$144,750.00 and AUS$47,580.30.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4683022\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 There is no dispute that a Judgment in the foreign currency can be entered by a Court in Fiji}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6903372\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ; }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6107487\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Paul Praveen Sharma \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0 v- Dr. Hubert Elliot}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1328747\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6107487\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 and Attorney General Suva High Court Civil Action}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6107487\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 No. 728/94}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4683022\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6107487 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935194\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4683022\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 2]\tab The summons is filed }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16725232\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 pursuant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4683022\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  to }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4683022\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Order 14 rule }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16725232\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 1}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4683022\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  of the }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4683022\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 High Court Rules}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10579792\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  1988}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4683022\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4683022\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The application is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16725232\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 vehemently}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4683022\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  opposed by Dr. Sahu Khan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6903372\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4683022\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  who appears for all the defendants.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10579792\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid873466 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3161925\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 D}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484756\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ocument filed}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484756 

\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16725232\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [3]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484756\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
The plaintiff filed and relies upon the following documents:-}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484756 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484756\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [a]}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1398845\charrsid9066289 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484756\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Writ of Summons with attached Statement of Claim filed on 19/2/2007}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3161925\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484756 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484756\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [b]\tab 
Summon for Summary Judgment filed on 1st November 2007}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4197118\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4197118 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4197118\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [c]\tab \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
Affidavit of Glan Nicholson, the Director of the Financial Import Services Pty Ltd, deposed on 6th October, and filed on 1st November, 2007.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4197118 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4197118\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [d]\tab 
Written submissions handed in Court on the day of hearing.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6903372\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16725232\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1398845\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16725232\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4197118\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 On the other hand, the defendant relies on the\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  following documents:-}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4197118 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4197118\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [a]\tab Statement of Defence filed on 13th April, 2007.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4197118 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4197118\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [b]\tab Affidavit of Arvin Lal, a Clerk of Nadi }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4673455\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 sworn}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4197118\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  on 8th and filed on 10th of January 2008.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4197118 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4197118\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [c]\tab Written submission filed on 20th February, 2008.

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16725232\charrsid9066289 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [5]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4197118\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Ms}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2049629\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4197118\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Tavo and Dr. Sahu Khan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13313260\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4197118\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13313260\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 appearing}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4197118\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13313260\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 for the plaintiff and }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4197118\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 defendants }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13313260\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 respectively, supplemented the}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4197118\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16725232\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 written}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4197118\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13313260\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 submissions further with oral submissions. }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16725232\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 I found the respective submissions helpful. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4484756 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4197118\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Background}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4197118 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16725232\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [6]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3343824\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
The plaintiff operates a business of supplying goods and services to business}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13313260\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  entities}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3343824\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5515477\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 and individuals}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3343824\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 in the Oceania Region including Fiji.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13313260\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3343824\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  defen}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1798965\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 dants }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16725232\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 at all material times were directors}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1798965\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16725232\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 of a company duly registered in Fiji namely }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5515477\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Lodhias}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3343824\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Limited}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16725232\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3343824\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16725232\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Th\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 is material fact is not in dispute; }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16725232\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 (see}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13313260\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 :}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16725232\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3343824\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 paragraph 2 of}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1798965\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  the Statement of defence}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16725232\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 )}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1798965\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1798965\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5515477\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Lodhias}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3343824\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Limited}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3343824\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 and the plaintiff entered in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13313260\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3343824\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 an agreement for }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16725232\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 the sale}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3343824\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  and purchase of powdered milk.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3343824\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 All transaction }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16725232\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 was}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3343824\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  conducted by bills of exchange.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16725232\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 A third company}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3343824\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  referred to as MGCL in the Statement }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13313260\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 of claim }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3343824\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 was supplying milk to the plaintiff}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16725232\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , who in turn supplied it to }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5515477\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Lodhias}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16725232\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Limited}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3343824\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16725232\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065290 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065290\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [7]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1798965\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Central to the claim is a }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6624805\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 purported}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6624805\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  guarantee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1798965\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 which allegedly was duly given by the defendants as }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065290\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 directors of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3161925\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13313260\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Lodhias}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065290\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Limited}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065290\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1798965\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 to the plaintiff}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065290\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13313260\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Under the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065290\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 guarantee }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13313260\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
the defendants were allegedly liable }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065290\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1798965\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 pay the debts of }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5515477\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Lodhias}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1798965\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4673455\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Limited}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065290\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  legitimately owed to the plaintiff.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6624805\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Guarantee }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122143\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 was }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16350014\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 allegedly executed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6624805\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  on 22nd September, 2003.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6624805\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Further the plaintiff company }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122143\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 avers}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122143\delrsid5122143\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6624805\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 that it relied on the guarantee in supplying the milk.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6624805 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065290\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [8]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6624805\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Later }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13313260\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Lodhias}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6624805\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Limited}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6624805\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  faced financial hardship resulting in it being wound-}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935194\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 up, again}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6624805\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  on }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065290\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 an }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6624805\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 application of the plaintiff Company (}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6624805\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Petitioner).}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6624805\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065290\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 winding\hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0 up }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6624805\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 order}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1908965\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065290\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1908965\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 conclusive evidence}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065290\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204698\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  the fac\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 t that }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5515477\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Lodhias}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1908965\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065290\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Limited}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1908965\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  owed a sum of USD$144,750.00 and AUD$47,590.30}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065290\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  to the plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1908965\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1908965 

\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065290\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [9]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1908965\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Now the plaintiff by this action seeks to enforce the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065290\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 p}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10577631\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 urported}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10577631\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  guarantee}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122143\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  to recover the debt }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5515477\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 already}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122143\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  ascertained in the winding-up proceeding}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935194\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10577631\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065290\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 reason for referring the guarantee as }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013990\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 a }{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065290\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 purported}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122143\charrsid9066289 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f0 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065290\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122143\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 one }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065290\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 is}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10577631\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  that }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013990\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 in the Statement of defence }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10577631\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 the defendants deny executing the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013990\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 same.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10577631\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013990\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10577631\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 his was one of the major }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065290\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 points}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10577631\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  of contention raised by Dr}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204698\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10577631\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Sahu Khan }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013990\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122143\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 the submissions}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10577631\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9065290\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10577631\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 A demand }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 was subsequently made but the defendants failed }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122143\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 or refused }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 to pay the debt.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10577631 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122143\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [10]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 In the writ the plaintiff claims the following relief:-}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10231136\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 (i)\tab }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10231136\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The sum of USD$144,750.00 (One Hundred and Forty Four Thousand Seven Hundred and Fifty United States Dollars);}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10231136 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10231136\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9066289 {
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10231136\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The sum of AUD$47,59030 (}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11807136\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Forty}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10231136\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Seven Thousand Five Hundred and Ninety Australian Dollars and Thirty Cents);}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10231136 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122143\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9066289 {
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122143\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Interest on debt at the rate of 18% per annum from 22nd June 2004 to date of judgment;
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935194\charrsid9066289 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122143\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 (iv)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9066289 {
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122143\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Costs;}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122143 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122143\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 (v)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9066289 {
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122143\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Further or any other Relief this Honourable Court deems just.}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122143 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Consideration}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10777223\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [10]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Dr}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204698\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 Sahu Khan in the course of his submissions identified two central issues }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122143\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 consideration by the Court.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 First}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013990\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ly he argued }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122143\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 that }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013990\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 purported }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 guarantee instrument }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013990\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 was no\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
t duly executed by the defendants. The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 signatures }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013990\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
appearing on the said instrument is not }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122143\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 of the defendants.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Second}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013990\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ly, he stressed that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013990\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 purported }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 guarantee }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013990\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 if }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 was given }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 (which he denied) }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 is unenforceable for want of considerations.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122143\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 That c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4673455\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 onsideration}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122143\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013990\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  according to }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Dr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid204698\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Sahu Khan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122143\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  was }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4673455\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 a past}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  one }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5122143\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 which merely}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8013990\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 renders the guarantee instrument null and void}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10777223\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [11]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 standard terms and conditions}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5515477\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Directors}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7887431\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4673455\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Guarantee}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  (}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1709269\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Caption of the instrument}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7887431\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ),}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7887431\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 is a relatively short and simple one.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5515477\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 A copy}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16261024\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  of the same is attached to the judgment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7887431 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10777223\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [12]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16261024\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4673455\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Guarantee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7887431\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Instrument produced to the Court}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5470771\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  is executed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7887431\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7887431\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Dr Sahu Khan raised objection to the signature which }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5470771\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 I will deal with at length in due course. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5470771 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10777223\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [13]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7887431\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Two of the defendants are living abroad.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7887431\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 One is residing in Nadi.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7887431\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Demand notice dated 6th December, 2005 was sent to each to the Director}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15802486\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at their residential addresses.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15802486 

\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15802486\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Principles }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16261024\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 for granting summary judgment}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15802486 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10777223\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [14]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15802486\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
The principles governing the summary judgment procedure is well settled.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15802486\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 One }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16261024\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 merely has }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15802486\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 to refer to the judgment of the Court of Appeal in }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820854\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Carpenters Fiji Ltd \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0 v- Joes Farm Produce Ltd}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820854\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Civil Appeal Number }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820854\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ABU 0019/2006.}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10698853\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15802486\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 I have }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820854\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 as well }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15802486\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 discussed the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820854\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 se}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15802486\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820854\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 general }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15802486\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 principles in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820854\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 a number of }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5515477\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 cases. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820854\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 For instance see}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820854\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820854\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Hibiscus Air Pty }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5515477\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Limited v}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788851\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820854\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Air Fiji Limited Civil Action No. H}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid788851\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 BC}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820854\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  46 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5515477\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 of}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820854\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  2006}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503442\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5515477\charrsid9066289 Jessey}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid13503442\charrsid9066289  International Limited }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid788851\charrsid9066289 v}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid13503442\charrsid9066289  Fiji Development Bank Civil Action No. H}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid788851\charrsid9066289 BC}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid13503442\charrsid9066289  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid5515477\charrsid9066289 28 of}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid13503442\charrsid9066289  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid13503442\charrsid9066289 2007 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid13503442\charrsid9066289 to mention a couple.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16261024\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  For that reason, I do not need to refer to a plethora of authorities to regurgitate the we\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ll established principles.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503442 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\dbch\af0\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10777223\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [15]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15802486\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
Summary judgment is only granted where plainly there is no defence to a claim.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15802486\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
The onus is on the plaintiff to satisfy the court that indeed there is no arguable defence. Once an applicant discharges th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503442\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 is}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15802486\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  burden}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503442\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5470771\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15802486\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 the persuasive or evidential burden }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7542792\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 to resist a judgment be}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935194\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 i}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7542792\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 n}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935194\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 g}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7542792\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  entered }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15802486\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 shift}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5470771\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15802486\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  to the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9701730\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 defendant}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5470771\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9701730\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503442\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Hibiscus Shopping Town Pty Ltd \hich\f0 \endash \loch\f0 v- Woolworths Ltd}{\cs22\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503442\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  [1993] FLR 106}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503442\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503442 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10777223\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [16]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10698853\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 On behalf of the plaintiff Ms}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15802486\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . Tavo submitted that the application is based upon the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4673455\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 gua
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 rantee}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15802486\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  which }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5470771\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 is }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9701730\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 free from any legal impediment.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5523753\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 According}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503442\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  to her i}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9701730\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 t is a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5523753\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 comparatively}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9701730\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  straight forward claim based on }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935194\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 an enforceable}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9701730\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  guarantee. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503442\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 In support the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9701730\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 su}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503442\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 bmissions}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9701730\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Ms}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10777223\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9701730\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Tavo extensively referred }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935194\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9701730\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503442\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 G}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9701730\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 uarantee }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503442\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 instrument }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9701730\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 and }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503442\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 D}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9701730\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 emand Notice}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3473719\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9701730 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10777223\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [17]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9701730\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 On the other hand, Dr Sahu Khan }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503442\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 primarily }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9701730\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 challenged the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503442\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 legal validity of the guarantee instrument.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9701730 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9701730\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 I will deal with the issue of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503442\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9701730\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 guarantee }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid201603\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 first.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9701730 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9175125\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 G}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5135398\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 uarantee}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15802486 

\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10777223\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [18]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5135398\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The defendant\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 
s in the Statement of defence as well in the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12804052\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 answering}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10698853\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  affidavit}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5135398\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  have denied executing the guarantee.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5135398\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 In addition, the guarantee is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13503442\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 undated, on which }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803476\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 premises Dr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10698853\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10189894\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Sahu Khan argued that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803476\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 if the validity of the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10189894\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 guarantee }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803476\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 is upheld}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10189894\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  it will }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803476\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
offend one of the basic contractual principles. That is, I will make a finding of an\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  enforceable contract}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881836\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 in an interlocutory application}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803476\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  the validity of which is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881836\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
questionable }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5515477\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 for lack}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803476\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  of consideration}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881836\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  and/}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5515477\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 or for}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881836\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10189894\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 past consideration}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid873466 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [19]\tab Th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803476\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 e}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  issue }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803476\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 of the validity of the guarantee instrument}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  requires me to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803476\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 deliberate upon the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 conflicting \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 affidavits which }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803476\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 a }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 court is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803476\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ordinarily }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7357947\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 re}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 strained from }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7357947\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 doing so especially to reach a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 conclusive finding;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9967141\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8803476\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Wenlock v Moloney [1965] 2 ALLER}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9967141\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  871}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9967141\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 he precise contentious issue }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935194\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 relating to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  the signature}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7357947\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 two of the defendants
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935194\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  does}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9967141\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 raise}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  some }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023129\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 compelling line of argument warranting a thorough consideration}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935194\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 of it by me}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9967141 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9967141\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid818249\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 20}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9967141\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The general rule is that a court should }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2108034\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 disinclined or}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023129\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  at least still be cautious in making a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  finding as to the validity or otherwise of a signature }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935194\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 by comparing the same w\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
ithout the aid of any technical evidence}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321334\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14704685\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 More so,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9967141\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023129\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 particularly}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9967141\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  when the consequences of any such finding}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9967141\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023129\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 results in}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023129\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9967141\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 serious }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023129\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 residual }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9967141\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 consequences}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935194\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  in an interlocutory application based solely }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2108034\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 on conflicting}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12935194\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  affidavit material}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9967141\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023129\charrsid9066289 
\par 
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321334\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 21}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12023129\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ]\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 In}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9967141\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Baljeet Singh }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1901909\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 v}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9967141\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  Subindar Kaur}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [1997] 43 FLR 269}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9967141\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Lyons J}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  in respect of this issue in considering an appeal from the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321334\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 M}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 agistrates}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321334\charrsid9066289 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f0 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321334\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 C}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ourt }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9967141\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 succinctly summarised the law on this subject at }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9967141\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 page 275}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9967141\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  as follows:-}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11805305 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948231\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Indeed }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948231\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Smith & Rickards}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948231\charrsid9066289 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f0 \rquote 
\loch\f0  cases are authority }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948231\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
that a Court can come to its own assessment on handwriting. But, with respect, the Learned Magistrate failed to take cognizance of the limitations of those cases put on the exercise of the discretion}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948231\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 . 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948231\charrsid9066289 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948231\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Both cases, }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948231\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
whilst accepting the exercise of the discretion existed, must be understood to have placed a cautionary restriction particularly when the findings to be arrived at by such review of the handwriting, had serious consequences}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948231\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948231\charrsid9066289 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1901909\charrsid9066289 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f0 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85\loch\f0 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948231 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1901909\charrsid9066289 \loch\af0\dbch\af12\hich\f0 \'85\'85\'85\'85\'85}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1901909 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948231\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 I might also p\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
oint out that later authorities such }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948231\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 R v. Tilley}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948231\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 [1961] 1 All ER 406 and }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948231\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 R v. O\hich\f0 \rquote \loch\f0 Sullivan}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948231\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 [1969] 2 All ER 237 decided it was wrong for juries to be asked to compare handwriting without the assistance of an expert. (See also }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948231\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Shameem Mohammed v R}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948231\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  29FLR 155). }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948231\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
I venture to comment that in civil cases where the judicial person is the arbitrator of the facts, if not incorrect, then it would likely be held that such judicial person should exercise }{
\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948231\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 extreme }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948231\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 caution, in coming to comparative
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  findings on handwriting in the absence of such expertise - particularly more so when the findings support a serious allegation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid873466 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714358\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 (emphasis added)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755330 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10107440\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321334\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 22}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10107440\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9967141\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Thereafter, His Lordship }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755330\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 at }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755330\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 page 276 para E}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755330\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 held that:-}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9967141 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10107440\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10107440\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10107440\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 above cases further establish the
}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10107440\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  princip\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 le }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714358\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 that whilst}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10107440\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 the standard of proof is on the balance of probability if a finding is to be made which is of a serious nature, then there is a greater preponderance of evidence needed to support it}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755330 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714358\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 (emphasis added)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714358 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321334\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [23}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714358\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ]\tab The above principles were}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948231\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  later upheld by the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12454997\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 C}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948231\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ourt of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12454997\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 A}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948231\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ppeal in the same case, where their Lordships unanimously said}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5707921\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12714358\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15940145\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Lyons J. }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15940145\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 rightly held that the magistrate had erred in deciding the case on the basis of his comparison of the signatures}{
\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15940145\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 \hich\f0  of Gurdev Singh,\'85\loch\f0 .}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755330 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9175125\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321334\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 24}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9175125\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ]\tab In this \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 action, the defendant challenges the signatures. The alleged guarantor namely }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13917375\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 J}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9175125\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ayant }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13313260\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Lodhia}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9175125\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  has two signatures on the documents. Not only that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5707921\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9175125\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  one of the signatures is identical to that of the signature of a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321334\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 nother
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9175125\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13917375\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 guarantor}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9175125\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , namely Mahendra }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13313260\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Lodhia}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9175125\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9175125 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9175125\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid818249\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321334\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9175125\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ]\tab \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6313190\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
signatures}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9175125\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  which look alike if not identical are witnessed by }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13917375\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
Farnan Saudin.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13917375\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 No affidavit is filed by the witness to explain }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5707921\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 or verify the same despite}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13917375\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  the defendants put the plaintiff o}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321334\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 n}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13917375\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  notice of the same in the statement of defence.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011423\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  This further co\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 mplicates }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321334\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
the resolution of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011423\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 the central issue}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321334\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  on conflicting affidavits}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011423\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15755330 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13917375\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid818249\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321334\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13917375\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5707921\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Although }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011423\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 on the invitation of Ms Tavo, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5707921\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 m}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13917375\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 y preliminary view was to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011423\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 actually }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13917375\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 assess the hand }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5515477\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 writing but}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3022072\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11476631\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 having considered }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5707921\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 the serious consequences}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13917375\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5707921\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 of that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011423\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
exercise to both the parties, I decided against it. For instance if I were to rule that the signature}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321334\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011423\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  are not }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5515477\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 genuine}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011423\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  the plaintiff will be }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5515477\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 greatly}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011423\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  disadvantaged}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321334\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011423\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  if this matter is to proceed to trial. Conversely, if }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321334\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 I }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011423\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 do uphold the signatures}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321334\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  it follows}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011423\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  I will have to validate the guarantee thus completely disregarding the arguable defence raised by Dr Sahu Khan. Nevertheless}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13917375\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  in view of the well established principles}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011423\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  discussed above }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13917375\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011423\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 generally }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13917375\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 there been a p}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011423\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 aucity }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6313190\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 of evidence of any probative value t\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 o address the issue pertaining to the signature}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321334\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011423\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 , for which the burden }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9241962\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 of proof }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011423\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 lay with the plaintiff}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321334\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12011423\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6313190\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 I am restrained from exercising a discretion}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9241962\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  in favour of the plaintiff}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6313190\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13917375 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6313190\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321334\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 27}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6313190\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ]\tab Accordingly, I find the plaintiff failed to discharge the burden of proof\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  on balance of probabilities to entitle it a judgment as sought by the summons.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9241962\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  It follows the summons ought to be dismissed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6313190 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6313190\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Conclusion}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6313190 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289\charrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6313190\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321334\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 28}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6313190\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ]\tab In view of the aforesaid conclusion, I hold that the application be dismissed with costs }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9241962\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 to the defendants }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6313190\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 summarily assessed at $}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9241962\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 200}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6313190\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 -00.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid132953\charrsid9066289 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6313190\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321334\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 29}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6313190\charrsid9066289 
\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 ]\tab Since the actions }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9241962\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 raises }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6313190\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 a }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9241962\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 very }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6313190\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 narrow issue for determination }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9241962\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 in a trial,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6313190\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 
 in my view an order for a speedy trial is warranted which I do order.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6313190\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Now it is up}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4071569\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6313190\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 to the plaintiff to proceed with the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4071569\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 case with due expedition\hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 .
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9066289 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4071569\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Accordingly so, ordered.
\par 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4071569\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 J. J. Udit
\par \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 Master
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9066289 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2062232\charrsid9066289 \hich\af0\dbch\af12\loch\f0 4 April, 2008}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16725232\charrsid9066289 
\par }}