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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12728516\charrsid1123892 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT LAUTOKA
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892 CRIMINAL JURISDICTION}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12728516\charrsid1123892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12728516\charrsid11993743 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892\charrsid11993743 Criminal Appeal }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid332206\charrsid11993743 N}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892\charrsid11993743 o : }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid332206\charrsid11993743 HAA 24 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892\charrsid11993743 of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid332206\charrsid11993743  2007}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12728516\charrsid11993743 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid332206\charrsid1123892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid332206\charrsid1123892 BETWEEN:
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid332206\charrsid1123892 
\par EMOSI NASOVE
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid332206\charrsid1123892 Appellant
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid332206\charrsid1123892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid332206\charrsid1123892 AND:
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid332206\charrsid1123892 
\par THE STATE
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid332206\charrsid1123892 Respondent
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1123892 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid332206\charrsid1123892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid332206\charrsid1123892 Counsel:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892\charrsid1123892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid332206\charrsid1123892 Appellant in Person
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1649574\charrsid1123892 Ms. V Lidis}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid666511\charrsid1123892 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid332206\charrsid1123892  for the State
\par 
\par Date of Hearing:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid332206\charrsid1123892 Friday }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid666511\charrsid1123892 7}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid332206\charrsid1123892 th December, 2007
\par Date of Judgment:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid332206\charrsid1123892 Friday 18th January, 2008
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid332206\charrsid1123892 
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11500366\charrsid1123892 [1]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5328388\charrsid1123892 \tab Following a trial in the Sigatoka Magistrates\rquote 
 Court the appellant was convicted of robbery with violence and resisting arrest.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5328388\charrsid1123892 
He was sentenced to 5 years imprisonment for robbery with violence and 3 months imprisonment for resisting arrest.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5328388\charrsid1123892 
The sentences were made concurrent.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid332206\charrsid1123892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5328388\charrsid1123892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11500366\charrsid1123892 [2]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5328388\charrsid1123892 \tab When the appellant first appeared in the Magistrates\rquote 
 Court, he was advised of his right to legal representation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5328388\charrsid1123892 
After numerous adjournments, the trial proceeded on the 3rd of May 2006, with the accused being unrepresented.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11500366\charrsid1123892 [3]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14685152\charrsid1123892 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5328388\charrsid1123892 The }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16123856\charrsid1123892 prosecution led evidence that the appellant entered the complainant\rquote s shop and assaulted him with a stick.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14685152\charrsid1123892 He took off with the till which had cash and cheques. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16123856\charrsid1123892 The compl}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9859267\charrsid1123892 ainant positively identified}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14685152\charrsid1123892  the appellant. He knew the complainant by face. Subsequently the appellant was arrested. He resis
t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15359905\charrsid1123892 ed arrest and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14685152\charrsid1123892 assaulted a police officer. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16123856\charrsid1123892 
The till was recovered from }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14685152\charrsid1123892 him. He was interviewed under caution.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16123856\charrsid1123892 
 The prosecution led evidence of oral and recorded confession of the appellant.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5328388\charrsid1123892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16123856\charrsid1123892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11500366\charrsid1123892 [4]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14685152\charrsid1123892 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1379401\charrsid1123892 In appellant\rquote 
s own words, the grounds of appeal are:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16123856 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1123892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892\charrsid1123892 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16004747\charrsid1123892 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (i)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1123892 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16004747\charrsid1123892 That the learned Magistrate erred in law and in fact in accepting the inconsistent statement of PW1.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16004747\charrsid1123892 PW1 stated in his statement to police that he did not identify the robber on that particular day, 4th February 2005 as he was masked.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16004747\charrsid1123892 But in court, he stated contrary.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16004747 
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\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16004747\charrsid1123892 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (ii)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1123892 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16004747\charrsid1123892 That the learned Magistrate erred in law and in fact in not carefully and properly assessing the evidence of assault by police when obtaining my confession.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16004747 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1123892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892\charrsid1123892 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8851348\charrsid1123892 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iii)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1123892 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8851348\charrsid1123892 That the learned Magistrate erred in law and in fact in accepting my confession which was unlawfully obtained from me.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16004747 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1123892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892\charrsid1123892 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8851348\charrsid1123892 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (iv)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1123892 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8851348\charrsid1123892 That the learned Magistrate erred in law and in fact in accepting the evidence of identification for the first time in court which is unsatisfactory and undesirable.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8851348 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1123892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892\charrsid1123892 
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\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8851348\charrsid1123892 That I was unrepresented in court during trial and was not properly assisted in presenting my defence and I was prejudiced therefore.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8851348 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1123892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892\charrsid1123892 
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\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8851348\charrsid1123892 That the sentence is harsh and excessive.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8851348 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1123892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892\charrsid1123892 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8851348\charrsid1123892 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (vii)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1123892 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8851348\charrsid1123892 That the sentence is wrong in principle.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16123856\charrsid1123892 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1123892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16123856\charrsid1123892 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid666511\charrsid1123892 Consideration of Grounds}{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3017029 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892\charrsid1123892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11500366\charrsid1123892 [5]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16123856\charrsid1123892 \tab Since the appellant was unrepresented in this Court}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3017029\charrsid1123892  as well, I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16123856\charrsid1123892  directed the State to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8851348\charrsid1123892  verify }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16123856\charrsid1123892 the appellant\rquote s assertion that the complainant\rquote s police statement regarding the identification was inconsis}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3017029\charrsid1123892 
tent with his testim}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8660094\charrsid1123892 ony in trial.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3017029\charrsid1123892 Regrettably, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16123856\charrsid1123892 the State was unsuccessful }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3017029\charrsid1123892 in locating the police file }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9859267\charrsid1123892 
that contained the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3017029\charrsid1123892  statement.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16123856\charrsid1123892 
I was told from the bar table that the police co}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3017029\charrsid1123892 uld not find the file}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16123856\charrsid1123892 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885626\charrsid1123892 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15145977\charrsid1123892 [6]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1797989\charrsid1123892  It is unfortunate that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3017029\charrsid1123892  the police}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885626\charrsid1123892  could not}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3017029\charrsid1123892  locate their own file.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8660094\charrsid1123892 In future,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885626\charrsid1123892  the State is expected to come t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3017029\charrsid1123892 
o Court with the police file}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885626\charrsid1123892  to assist the Court, particularly, if the appellant is unrepresented.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15145977\charrsid1123892 [7]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1797989\charrsid1123892 During the trial t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3017029\charrsid1123892 
he complainant was adamant that he had positively }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15145977\charrsid1123892 identified the appellant. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3017029\charrsid1123892 The }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15145977\charrsid1123892 circumstances surrounding the identification were that the appellant was known to the complainant, his face was uncovered and it was broad daylight.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1797989\charrsid1123892  The appellant cross examined the complainant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8733841\charrsid1123892  on the identification issue}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1797989\charrsid1123892  but }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9859267\charrsid1123892 never suggested}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1797989\charrsid1123892  to }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8733841\charrsid1123892 him}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1797989\charrsid1123892  that he had made a prior inco
nsistent statement to the police regarding the identification. The trial Magistrate appropriately gave himself a warning in accordance with the guideline laid down in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1797989\charrsid1123892 R v Turnbull}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1797989\charrsid1123892  (1976) 3 All ER 549.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15145977\charrsid1123892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14288873\charrsid1123892 
\par 
\par [8]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11429962\charrsid1123892 There was}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15145977\charrsid1123892  evidence from a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8733841\charrsid1123892 carrier driver who }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14288873\charrsid1123892 was hired by }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8733841\charrsid1123892 the appellant }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11429962\charrsid1123892 from the}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11429962\charrsid1123892 town}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14288873\charrsid1123892  at about 4. 30 pm on the day of }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9859267\charrsid1123892 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14288873\charrsid1123892 robbery}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8944475\charrsid1123892 . The appellant asked the driver }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14288873\charrsid1123892 to take him to the hills behind the town where he picked up a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8660094\charrsid1123892 sack }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11429962\charrsid1123892 which had something in it}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14288873\charrsid1123892  and then went to his village. The driver knew the appellant. The appellant warned the driver not}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10750386\charrsid1123892  to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14288873\charrsid1123892  inform the police. The appellant did not cross examine the driver.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3017029\charrsid1123892 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8660094\charrsid1123892 [9}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11500366\charrsid1123892 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9859267\charrsid1123892 \tab T}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15534356\charrsid1123892 he appellant }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10885626\charrsid1123892 cross examined}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15534356\charrsid1123892 
 the interviewing police officers on the basis that they had assaulted him to confess.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15534356\charrsid1123892 It was denied by t}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5903041\charrsid1123892 he officers. The appellant suggested to the police officers that they did not allow him enough sleep before the interview.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5903041\charrsid1123892 The trial Magistrate intervened to this suggestion}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15534356\charrsid1123892  on the ground of relevance.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5903041\charrsid1123892  The appellant did not purse the issue any further.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15534356\charrsid1123892 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8660094\charrsid1123892 [10}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11500366\charrsid1123892 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15534356\charrsid1123892 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5903041\charrsid1123892 In my view t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15534356\charrsid1123892 he question was relevant to the issue of whether the confession o}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5903041\charrsid1123892 f the appellant was obtained}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15534356\charrsid1123892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5903041\charrsid1123892 
under oppressive circumstances and t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15534356\charrsid1123892 he trial Magistrate }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5903041\charrsid1123892 should not have }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15534356\charrsid1123892 stop}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5903041\charrsid1123892 ped}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15534356\charrsid1123892  the appellant }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5903041\charrsid1123892 from further pursuing the issue. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15534356\charrsid1123892 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8660094\charrsid1123892 [11}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11500366\charrsid1123892 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15534356\charrsid1123892 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2846213\charrsid1123892 It was}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10758802\charrsid1123892  obvious from the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501385\charrsid1123892 appellant\rquote 
s cross examination of the prosecution witnesses that he was disputing his confession.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15534356\charrsid1123892 
At no stage of the proceedings, the trial Magistrate ascertained from the appellant whether he desired to take objection to the admission in evidence of hi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8660094\charrsid1123892 s confession}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15534356\charrsid1123892 .
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8660094\charrsid1123892 [12}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11500366\charrsid1123892 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15534356\charrsid1123892 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501385\charrsid1123892 If the voluntariness of a confession is in dispute in a trial before the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9859267\charrsid1123892 Magistrates\rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501385\charrsid1123892  Court, then the Magistrate is oblig}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9859267\charrsid1123892 ed in law to direct a trial within trial }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501385\charrsid1123892 hearing and determine the issue prior to the commencement of the defence case (see,}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501385\charrsid1123892  Rokonabete v The State}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501385\charrsid1123892 , Criminal Appeal No. AAU 0048/05). When an accused is unrepresented, it is a duty of the trial Magistrate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14766643\charrsid1123892  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501385\charrsid1123892 to explain to the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14766643\charrsid1123892 accused the law and procedure }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7501385\charrsid1123892 
about the admissibility of confessional statement (}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11344789\charrsid1123892 John }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14766643\charrsid1123892 Levu }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11344789\charrsid1123892 v State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11344789\charrsid1123892  (1971) 17 FLR 224)
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8485401\charrsid1123892 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8660094\charrsid1123892 13}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12156350\charrsid1123892 ]}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14766643\charrsid1123892 \tab In}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11344789\charrsid1123892  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11344789\charrsid1123892 Rokonabete v The State}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11344789\charrsid1123892  (supra)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14766643\charrsid1123892  the Court of Appeal }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11344789\charrsid1123892 held that a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12396297\charrsid1123892 ny error in the manner in which the ad}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12457571\charrsid1123892 missibility of the confession was}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12396297\charrsid1123892  considered by the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11344789\charrsid1123892 trial }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12396297\charrsid1123892 court must give rise to a possib}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11344789\charrsid1123892 ility of substantial injustice particularly if }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8660094\charrsid1123892 the court relied}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12457571\charrsid1123892  on the confession to convict the accused}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11344789\charrsid1123892 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12396297\charrsid1123892 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9846071 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12396297\charrsid1123892 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8485401\charrsid1123892 [13}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12156350\charrsid1123892 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12396297\charrsid1123892 \tab In his}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8660094\charrsid1123892  judgment, the trial }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11429962\charrsid1123892 Magistrate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12457571\charrsid1123892 
 relied on the confession to convict the appellant. He said:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12396297\charrsid1123892 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12396297\charrsid1123892 Not only that, the accused voluntarily admitted to police officers that he robbed the victim of cash and cash register.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12396297\charrsid1123892 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8485401\charrsid1123892 [14}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12156350\charrsid1123892 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12396297\charrsid1123892 \tab How the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12457571\charrsid1123892 trial Magistrate arrived at the above }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12396297\charrsid1123892 co}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12457571\charrsid1123892 nclu}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid666511\charrsid1123892 sion without holding a trial within trial}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12457571\charrsid1123892  is hard to understand? He did not}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9859267\charrsid1123892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15359905\charrsid1123892 direct himself that the onus was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9859267\charrsid1123892 
on the prosecution to prove the voluntariness of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8485401\charrsid1123892 the confession beyond a reasonable doubt. Nor did he make a finding that the confes}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8660094\charrsid1123892 sion was true before relyin}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15359905\charrsid1123892 g on it to convict}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8660094\charrsid1123892 . }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8466470\charrsid1123892 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8485401\charrsid1123892 [15}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12156350\charrsid1123892 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid666511\charrsid1123892 \tab The trial within trial}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8466470\charrsid1123892  procedure to determine t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393806\charrsid1123892 he voluntariness of a disputed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8466470\charrsid1123892 
 confession }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9391046\charrsid1123892 is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393806\charrsid1123892 one of the important safeguards of a fair trial}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9391046\charrsid1123892 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8660094\charrsid1123892 The procedure gives the accused an opportunity to give sworn }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11429962\charrsid1123892 evidence on }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8660094\charrsid1123892 the voluntariness of the confession while maintaining his rig}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11429962\charrsid1123892 ht to silence as far his guilt is concerned.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8660094\charrsid1123892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9391046\charrsid1123892 
The right is constitutional.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14571249\charrsid1123892 By }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6441508\charrsid1123892 not}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid666511\charrsid1123892  holding a trial within trial}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2887319\charrsid1123892  to determine the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393806\charrsid1123892 voluntarin
ess of the disputed }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2887319\charrsid1123892 confession, the appellant was denied }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8485401\charrsid1123892 his right to }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2887319\charrsid1123892 a fair trial.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8485401\charrsid1123892 [16}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12156350\charrsid1123892 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2887319\charrsid1123892 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393806\charrsid1123892 If the appellant was represented by counsel, the counsel would have ensured }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid666511\charrsid1123892 that }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393806\charrsid1123892 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid666511\charrsid1123892 appellant enjoyed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393806\charrsid1123892 
 a fair trial, including the right to object to the admissibility of a disputed confession in accordance with the law. In the circumstances, I find that the appellant was}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2887319\charrsid1123892 
 prejudiced by lack of legal repres}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393806\charrsid1123892 entation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393806\charrsid1123892 T}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2887319\charrsid1123892 he appeal }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13393806\charrsid1123892 against }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11429962\charrsid1123892 conviction succeeds}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15359905\charrsid1123892  on grounds (ii) (iii) and (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10750386\charrsid1123892 v).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2887319\charrsid1123892 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1123892 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12156350\charrsid1123892 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2887319\charrsid1123892 Result
\par }\pard \ql \fi-720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid1123892 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9846071 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9846071 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8485401\charrsid1123892 [17}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12156350\charrsid1123892 ]}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2887319\charrsid1123892 \tab Appeal against conviction allowed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2887319\charrsid1123892 Conviction set aside and}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid666511\charrsid1123892  the case}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2887319\charrsid1123892  is remitted to the Magistrates\rquote  Court for trial de novo before another Magistrate.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1123892  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16123856\charrsid1123892 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9846071 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6441508\charrsid1123892 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12156350\charrsid1123892 Daniel Goundar
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12156350\charrsid1123892 JUDGE
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12156350\charrsid1123892 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1123892 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12156350\charrsid1123892 At Lautoka
\par Friday 18th January, 2008
\par 
\par }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12156350\charrsid1123892 Solicitors
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12156350\charrsid1123892 Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions, Lautoka for the State
\par Appellant in Person
\par }}