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{\author vuli.tamani}{\operator sam_f}{\creatim\yr2008\mo9\dy9\hr8\min50}{\revtim\yr2008\mo9\dy9\hr8\min56}{\printim\yr2008\mo9\dy2\hr11\min54}{\version5}{\edmins8}{\nofpages6}{\nofwords2270}{\nofchars12942}{\*\company Ministry of Justice}
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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par AT LABASA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966 CIVIL ACTION NO.: 059 OF 2004
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966 BETWEEN}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966\charrsid6452966 :

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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966 DEO NARAYAN }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966 f/n Ram Chandar}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966  & DHANBAGIAM
\par NARAYAN }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966 f/n Warda Raju
\par Plaintiffs
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966\charrsid6452966 AND:
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966 SIGAMANI, DORSAMI & MANIKAM }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966 all sons of Govind
\par Sami
\par Defendants
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid8211607 Mr. Raman Singh for Plaintiffs
\par Mr. A. Sen for Defendants
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8211607 Date of Hearing: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid8211607 21st July 2008
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8211607 Date of Judgment: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2635023\charrsid8211607 5th }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12912673\charrsid8211607 September }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid8211607 2008
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8211607 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966 JUDGMENT
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\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100191\charrsid6452966 Background:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100191 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820965\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11820965 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100191\charrsid6452966 [1]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966 \tab 
The facts of this case are somewhat lengthy but most of them are not in dispute.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966 The names cause a bit of difficulty.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966 The dispute concerns land covered by Crown Lease 15227.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966 It is situated at Wailevu, Labasa about four kilometers from Labasa town.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966 
Crown Lease 15227 consists of five separate lots.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966 The lot which is subject of these proceedings is Lot 24 on Pl
an M 2967 having an area of 5311 square meters which is roughly one and one third acres.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966 The defendants live on the land.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966 They got their residences on the land.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966 There are three houses on the land now.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966 
These belong to Sigamani, Dorsami and Manikam all brothers.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966 Dorsami is now deceased but his wife and children occupy his house.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966 Their father Govind Sami }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11998920\charrsid6452966 who is 90 years old lives with one of his sons.

\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100191\charrsid6452966 [2]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11998920\charrsid6452966 \tab This land originally belonged to one Warda Raju.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11998920\charrsid6452966 He died on 21st November 1983.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11998920\charrsid6452966 He had made a }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10437988\charrsid6452966 W}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11998920\charrsid6452966 ill.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11998920\charrsid6452966 
His wife Latchmi daughter of Ran}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12912673\charrsid6452966 g}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11998920\charrsid6452966 asami and one of his sons Lok Raju are the executors and trustees of his estate.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100191\charrsid6452966 
\par 
\par [3]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11998920\charrsid6452966 For sake of clari}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100191\charrsid6452966 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11998920\charrsid6452966 
y I mention here that there is another Latchmi mentioned in Ward}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10437988\charrsid6452966 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11998920\charrsid6452966  Raju\rquote s Will.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11998920\charrsid6452966 She is Latchmi daughter of Yenkta}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100191\charrsid6452966  and sister of Warda Raju}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11998920\charrsid6452966 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11998920\charrsid6452966 This latter Latchmi }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6178525\charrsid6452966 is}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11998920\charrsid6452966  the mother of Sigam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6178525\charrsid6452966 a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11998920\charrsid6452966 ni, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6178525\charrsid6452966 D}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11998920\charrsid6452966 orsami and Manikam, and wife of Govind }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10437988\charrsid6452966 S}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11998920\charrsid6452966 ami.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11998920\charrsid6452966 
She is now deceased.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11998920\charrsid6452966 Warda Raj}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6178525\charrsid6452966 u}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11998920\charrsid6452966  in his Will dated 29th July}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10437988\charrsid6452966  1980 had given his Lot 293 Rara which is same as Lot 24 on Plan M 2967 on
 which the defendants reside}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100191\charrsid6452966  to his sister Latchmi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10437988\charrsid6452966 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10437988\charrsid6452966 Lachmi died intestate so her husband and her children which include the defendants became beneficiaries and therefore entitled to her share }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4270866\charrsid6452966 in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10437988\charrsid6452966 the estate of Warda Raju.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100191\charrsid6452966 [4]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10437988\charrsid6452966 \tab The plaintiffs are husband and wife.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10437988\charrsid6452966 Govind Sami is Dhanbagiam\rquote s (second plaintiff\rquote s) maternal uncle.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10437988\charrsid6452966 The other defendants are her cousins, hence these parties are closely related.
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\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100191\charrsid6452966 Plaintiff\rquote s claim:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100191 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820965\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11820965 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100191\charrsid6452966 [5]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10437988\charrsid6452966 \tab 
The plaintiffs became registered proprietors}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11942293\charrsid6452966  of Crown Lease 15227 on 24th February 2004.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11942293\charrsid6452966 The transfer is signed by Lok Raju the sole surviving executor and trustee in the estate of Ward}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14040025\charrsid6452966 a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11942293\charrsid6452966  Raju.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11942293\charrsid6452966 After being registered as proprietors, the}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100191\charrsid6452966  plaintiffs }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11942293\charrsid6452966 served a notice to quit }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100191\charrsid6452966 on}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11942293\charrsid6452966  the defendants asking them to vacate the property \endash  see page 42 of agreed bundle.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11942293\charrsid6452966 The defendants responded to the notice alleging that they were on the land lawfully as they were beneficiaries }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100191\charrsid6452966 in}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11942293\charrsid6452966  the estate of Lachmi and that the plaintiffs\rquote  were aware of their occupation at the time of transfer of the land to them.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11942293\charrsid6452966 The defendants refused to deliver vacant possession }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100191\charrsid6452966 which }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11942293\charrsid6452966 
result}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100191\charrsid6452966 ed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11942293\charrsid6452966  in the present proceedings for vacant possession.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11942293\charrsid6452966 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100191\charrsid6452966 Defence:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100191 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820965\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11820965 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100191\charrsid6452966 [6]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11942293\charrsid6452966 
In their defence the defendants state that the transfer from the estate of Ward}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14040025\charrsid6452966 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11942293\charrsid6452966  Raju to the plaintiffs was fraudulent 
as the estate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14040025\charrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11942293\charrsid6452966 of Ward}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14040025\charrsid6452966 a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11942293\charrsid6452966  Raju had no right to transfer Lot 24 as Lot 24 belonged to the estate of Lachmi.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11942293\charrsid6452966 They also allege the plaintiffs were aware of the presence of the defendants on the land.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11942293\charrsid6452966 The defendants have additionally counterclaimed seeking declaration that transfer of Lot 24 to the plaintiffs\rquote 
 was unlawful and that the plaintiffs are holding the land in trust for the defendants.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11942293\charrsid6452966 The issues for resolution by the court are:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 Whether the provisions of Section 13(1) of the State Lands Act Cap 132 apply}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2635023\charrsid6452966 ?}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2635023 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820965\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11820965 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2635023\charrsid6452966 [7]\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 
Crown Lease 15227 is a protected lease under the provisions of the above Act.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 This section}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2635023\charrsid6452966  renders illegal any alienation }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 or dealing with such land without the prior consent of the Director of Lands.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 The defendants I find did come to the land.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 They built their houses o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2635023\charrsid6452966 n}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966  the land.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 They occupied those houses.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 
This was clearly an alienation and section 13 would apply: }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 Chalmers v. Par}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2635023\charrsid6452966 do}{
\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966  (1963) 3 ALL ER 552; }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 Phalad v. Sukh Raj}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966  (1978) 24 FLR 170.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 Further equity in such cases would not grant relief.

\par 
\par [8]\tab However certain subsequent events have intervened between the initial illegal acts and the present proceedings.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 
These are the death of Warda Raju and the provisions of his Will.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 The defendants are relying on the provisions of the Will for their
 claim and not on the illegal dealing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 Therefore I need to consider other issues as well.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4144466\charrsid6452966 W}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12912673\charrsid6452966 ere}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4144466\charrsid6452966  the plaintiffs aware of occupation of the land by the defendants?}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4144466 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820965\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11820965 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 9}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4144466\charrsid6452966 \tab The plaintiffs and the defendants are related as stated earlier.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4144466\charrsid6452966 The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100191\charrsid6452966 second }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4144466\charrsid6452966 plaintiff lived in Suva after 1974.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4144466\charrsid6452966 She was married in 1978.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4144466\charrsid6452966 
However she also told the court that she visited Labasa as per parents lived there.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4144466\charrsid6452966 
She stated that prior to 1983 she would visit Labasa every now and then but she was not aware that the defendants lived on the land.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 10}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 ]}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4144466\charrsid6452966 \tab Opposed to her is the testimony of the defendants who said that Dhanbagiam visited them many times.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4144466\charrsid6452966 Manikam was very specific.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4144466\charrsid6452966 
He mentioned that when Dhanbagiam came for her father\rquote s funeral, she visited their house and had a meal with them.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 11}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 ]}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4144466\charrsid6452966 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1587842\charrsid6452966 I find it indeed very odd that given the close family ties, Dhanbagiam and her husband would not visit the defendants.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1587842\charrsid6452966 It would be the logical thing to do when they came to Labasa.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1587842\charrsid6452966 The defendants did not live far away.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1587842\charrsid6452966 They were close by.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1587842\charrsid6452966 I find that the plaintiffs were aware of the presence of the defendants on Lot 24 prior to them purchasing this property.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12912673\charrsid6452966 They were also aware of the size of their premises.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4144466\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1587842\charrsid6452966 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1587842\charrsid6452966 What is the effect of this knowledge?}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1587842 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820965\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11820965 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 [1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 2}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 ]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1587842\charrsid6452966 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966 According to Sigamani he with his 
parents and brothers moved from Savusavu to this property at Wailevu, Labasa on 15th December 1976.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966 He told the court that Ward}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14040025\charrsid6452966 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966  Raju his uncle was becoming bankrupt so he paid Ward}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14040025\charrsid6452966 a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966  Raju $6,000.00.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966 After he came on the land he }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100191\charrsid6452966 said }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966 paid rent being his share of rent for the land.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966 The receipts for payment are in the agreed bundle.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966 
It is reasonable that he would pay the rent to Ward}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14040025\charrsid6452966 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966  Raju the registered lessee who would then pay to the Lands Department.
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966 However I do not believe that the defendants or any one of them paid $6,000.00 initially to Ward}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14040025\charrsid6452966 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966  Raju.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966 
Firstly, they kept receipts for small payments of rent so it is all the more probable }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966 
they would have kept the receipt for a much larger sum.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966 Secondly, there is no mention of the payment of $6,000.00 in the defence.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1587842\charrsid6452966 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 [1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 ]}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966 \tab But the payment or non payment of $6,000.00 has no consequences to the outcome of this action.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966 It is more to deal with knowledge of the presence of the defendants on the land and its effect.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 Fraud and its effect under Land Transfer Act:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820965\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11820965 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 [1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 4}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966 \tab The normal principle of law is that a bona fide purchase}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9382902\charrsid6452966 r }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966 for value of a legal estate or interest in land takes it free of all equitable estates or interests.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966 Hence unless }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9382902\charrsid6452966 purchasers have }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966 notice of prior equitable interest or estate, their interest }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9382902\charrsid6452966 is not affected.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966 
 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9382902\charrsid6452966 The Land}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966  Transfer Act altered this position.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966 The relevant Sections are Sections 39 and 40 of the Act.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966 
The effect of these sections is the registered proprietor holds his interest subject only to those interests which are notified on the register, but except in case of fraud, absolutely free of all other interests.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966 Section 40 makes fraud a vitiating factor.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966 Section 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9382902\charrsid6452966 0 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966 of the Act provides}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11820965 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4743440\charrsid6452966 
Except in the case of fraud, no person contracting or dealing with or taking or proposin
g to take a transfer from the proprietor of any estate or interest in land subject to the provisions of this Act shall be required or in any manner concerned to inquire or ascertain the circumstances in or the consideration for which such proprietor or in
 
any previous proprietor of such estate or interest is or was registered, or to see to the application of the purchase money or any part thereof, or shall be affected by notice, direct or constructive, of any trust or unregistered interest, any rule of law
 or equity to the contrary notwithstanding, and }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4743440\charrsid6452966 the knowledge that any such trust or unregistered interest is in existence shall not of itself be imputed as fraud}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4743440\charrsid6452966 .}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4743440\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11667307\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11820965 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 [1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 5}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1331745\charrsid6452966 \tab Fraud is not defined in the Act itself except in a rather negative way as shown by the underlined words above.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1331745\charrsid6452966 Absent a statutory definition of fraud, the concept of fraud is left to the courts to explain and develop.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 [1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 ]}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1331745\charrsid6452966 \tab Despite what the section}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6448799\charrsid6452966  says, knowledge still remains an essential ingredient of fraud because without being aware o
f an interest or estate, how can one be fraudulent.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6448799\charrsid6452966 
However, cases suggest that in addition to knowledge, there must be dishonesty that is dishonest intent to defeat an equitable estate or interest in land.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6448799\charrsid6452966 The words }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6448799\charrsid6452966 mo}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 ra}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6448799\charrsid6452966 l turpitude}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6448799\charrsid6452966  also have been used.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6448799\charrsid6452966 Thirdly fraud must be brought}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1331745\charrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2113811\charrsid6452966 home to the registered proprietor whose }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 interest it}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2113811\charrsid6452966  is sought to be impeached.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2113811\charrsid6452966 
The onus therefore on the defendants was to show knowledge, dishonest intent and thirdly that it was the plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2113811\charrsid6452966  who w}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 ere}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2113811\charrsid6452966  fraudulent.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1331745\charrsid6452966 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2113811\charrsid6452966 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 [1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 ]\tab One}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2113811\charrsid6452966  of the first leading judgments which discusses the meaning of fraud i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14040025\charrsid6452966  }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2113811\charrsid6452966 Assets Co. Ltd. v. Mere Ro}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 i}{
\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2113811\charrsid6452966 hi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2113811\charrsid6452966  1905 AC 176.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4743440\charrsid6452966 There the Privy Council stated that }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4743440\charrsid6452966 
by fraud is meant actual fraud, i.e. dishonesty of some sort not what is called constructive fraud or equitable fraud}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4743440\charrsid6452966 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4743440\charrsid6452966 
Further the Privy Council stated for fraud to invalidate the title of a registered proprietor for value, it must be brought home to the person whose title is impeached or to his agents.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 
\par [1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4743440\charrsid6452966 \tab In }{
\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4743440\charrsid6452966 Waimi}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 h}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4743440\charrsid6452966 a Sawmilling Co. Ltd. v. Waione Ti
mber Milling Co. Ltd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4743440\charrsid6452966 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9382902\charrsid6452966 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4743440\charrsid6452966 1926}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9382902\charrsid6452966 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4743440\charrsid6452966  AC 101 Privy council stated that fraud implies some act of dishonesty.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4743440\charrsid6452966 It stated at p. 106 that }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4743440\charrsid6452966 
if the designed object of a transfer is to cheat a man of a known existing right, that is fraudulent}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4743440\charrsid6452966 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4743440\charrsid6452966 However it cautioned that
 dishonesty must not be assessed solely by reason of knowledge of an unregistered interest which really echoes what is stated in o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9382902\charrsid6452966 ur}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4743440\charrsid6452966  Section 40 of the Act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966  and which I have underlined}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4743440\charrsid6452966 .
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 Wilful blindness }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 as an aspect of fraud:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820965\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11820965 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 [1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 9}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 ]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 What section 40 mean}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 is that knowledge is only one ingredient of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14040025\charrsid6452966 fraud}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 It is not the be all and the end all of fraud.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 There are cases which when referring}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966  to actual notice also refer to }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 wilful blindness}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966 "}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 This term covers situations where a person who has knowledge of facts
 which should put him/her on further enquiry but they do not conduct that enquiry.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 In the }{
\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 Assets Co}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 . case Lord Lindley stated}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966 :}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11820965 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 
The mere fact that he might have found out fraud if he had been more vigilant, and had made further inquiries which he omitted to make, does not of itself prove fraud on his part.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 
But if it be shewn that his suspicions were aroused, and that he abstained from making inquiries for fear of learning the truth, the case is very different, and fraud may properly be ascribed to him.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966 "}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 20}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 ]\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 Further in Waimi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 h}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 a in the Court of Appeal Salmond J. stated}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11820965 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 
The true test of fraud is not whether the purchaser actually knew for a certainty of the existence of the adverse right, but whether he knew enough to make it his duty as an honest man 
to hold his hand, and either to make further inquiries before purchasing, or to abstain from the purchase, or to purchase subject to the claimant\rquote s rights rather than in defiance of them.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 If, knowing as much as this, he proceeds without further inquiry or delay to purchase an unencumbered title with intent to disregard the claimant\rquote 
s rights, if they exist, he is guilty of that willful blindness or voluntary ignorance which, according to the authorities, is equivalent to actual knowledge, and therefore amounts to fraud.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966 "}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 This comment of Salmond J. was adopted by the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 Fiji }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 Court of Appeal in the unreported judgment }{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 Gajad}{
\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 h}{\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966 ar v. Jai Pal & Another}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10765820\charrsid6452966  ABU 49 of 1981 (judgment 30th
 July 1982).
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4796313\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11820965 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 21}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4796313\charrsid6452966 \tab Some Australian cases also have adopted }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4796313\charrsid6452966 \lquote 
wilful blindness\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4796313\charrsid6452966  as an aspect of fraud.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4796313\charrsid6452966 In }{
\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4796313\charrsid6452966 Macquarie Bank Limited v. Sixty Fourth Throne Pty Ltd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4796313\charrsid6452966 . (1998) }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4796313\charrsid6452966  VR 133 this concept of }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966 "}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4796313\charrsid6452966 willful blindness}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4796313\charrsid6452966  was explained as follows}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4796313\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4796313\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid11820965 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4796313\charrsid6452966 
to abstain deliberately from reasonable enquiry for fear of what the inquiry will reveal, to choose to shut one\rquote s eyes to the obvious \endash }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2232663\charrsid6452966  to assume a state of \lquote 
wilful blindness\rquote  \endash  or otherwise to generate a state of contrived ignorance, may of course be dishonest.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2232663\charrsid6452966 
It has been well said that willful blindness \endash  deliberately turning a blind eye to obvious or obviously ascertainable facts is akin to fraud e.g. }{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2232663\charrsid6452966 Lego Australia Pty Ltd v. Para
}{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 g}{\b\i\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2232663\charrsid6452966 gio}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2232663\charrsid6452966  (1993) 44 FLR 151 at 171.}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966 "}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2232663\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2232663\charrsid6452966 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 Analysis of facts:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820965\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11820965 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 [2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 2}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2232663\charrsid6452966 \tab The plaintiff knew that the defendants had lived on the land for thirty years.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2232663\charrsid6452966 She knew as I have found that they }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 had}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2232663\charrsid6452966  their residences }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 on }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2232663\charrsid6452966 the property.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2232663\charrsid6452966 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517768\charrsid6452966 hese residences are not shacks but substantial premises.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517768\charrsid6452966 There is a valuation report in the agreed bundle.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517768\charrsid6452966 It places the value of improvements alone at $65,000.00 and of the land at $45,000.00 making a total value of $110,000.00.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517768\charrsid6452966 These figures need some readjusting as the valuer had proceeded on the presumed basis of subdivision of the land into three lots.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517768\charrsid6452966 Further valuation is always subjective.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517768\charrsid6452966 
Even if I gave a highly unreasonable discount of 50%, the value of these properties is way above what the plaintiff paid for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 the land}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517768\charrsid6452966 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9517768\charrsid6452966 The plaintiff must have realized that she stood to make}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14040025\charrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 a huge profit and therefore turning a blind eye and desisting from making enquiries suited her.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4796313\charrsid6452966 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 [2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1654019\charrsid6452966 ]}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 \tab It would not have taken great effort on her part to ask the defendants on what basis they were on the land.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5130408\charrsid6452966 She should have tried to find whether the defendants were trespasses, license}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9382902\charrsid6452966 es}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5130408\charrsid6452966  or were on the land on some other basis for so many years.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11081337\charrsid6452966 E}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 qually she could easily have enquired from Lok Raju the transfer}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5130408\charrsid6452966 or the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 basis of their occupation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 The plaintiff}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5130408\charrsid6452966 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966  took no steps to inform the defendants about }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5130408\charrsid6452966 t}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 he}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5130408\charrsid6452966 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 r desire to buy the land.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5130408\charrsid6452966 They }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 only told the}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5130408\charrsid6452966  defendants to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966  vacate after }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5130408\charrsid6452966 t}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 he}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5130408\charrsid6452966 y}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966  had bought}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5130408\charrsid6452966  the land}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 .
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5130408\charrsid6452966 [2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5130408\charrsid6452966 ]}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 \tab The defendants are claiming the right to stay on the land as their mother now deceased was given this lot by plaintiff\rquote s father who die}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5130408\charrsid6452966 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966  in 1983.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 
The transfer was done in 2004 that is 21 years after the father\rquote s death.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 The plaintiff\rquote s version }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5130408\charrsid6452966 is that eve}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 n though 21 years had passed she did not know of the Will, a somewhat far fetched assertion to make.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11081337\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11820965 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5130408\charrsid6452966 [2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 5}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5130408\charrsid6452966 ]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 \tab This is a case of the plaintiff deliberately shutting the eyes to the obvious or }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9382902\charrsid6452966 to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 facts which could have been ascertained.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 This case fits the definition of fraud as explained in cases discussed above.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 
I refuse to order vacant possession so the plaintiffs\rquote  claim is dismissed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5130408\charrsid6452966 [2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5130408\charrsid6452966 ]\tab I fu}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 rther declare that the defendants are entitled to Lot 24 on Crown Lease 15227 pursuant to the will of Ward}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14040025\charrsid6452966 a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966  Raju and the plaintiff is holding the same in trust for them.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5130408\charrsid6452966 [2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5130408\charrsid6452966 ]\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 The defendants had sought a declaration that the defendants are entitled to have Lot 24 transferred to them.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 However that has implications for the mortgagee ANZ Bank to whom the plaintiff}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5130408\charrsid6452966 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966  said that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5130408\charrsid6452966 they }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 had mortgaged the land.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 Secondly there is also the issue of consent of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5130408\charrsid6452966 D}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 irector of Lands to transfer.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 I cannot simply ignore these interests.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid6452966 Final Orders:}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820965\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11820965 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5130408\charrsid6452966 [2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5121321\charrsid6452966 8}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5130408\charrsid6452966 ]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4661429\charrsid6452966 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4661429\charrsid6452966 
The plaintiffs claim for vacant possession is dismissed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4661429\charrsid6452966 I declare that the defendants are ent
itled to Lot 24 on Crown Lease 15227 and the plaintiff is holding the same in trust for them.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6452966  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4661429\charrsid6452966 
I order the plaintiff to pay costs summarily fixed in the sum of $3,000.00.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11081337\charrsid6452966 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid11820965 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4661429\charrsid11820965 [Jiten Singh]}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6255292\charrsid11820965 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4661429\charrsid11820965 JUDGE
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6452966 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11081337\charrsid6452966 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4661429\charrsid6452966 At Suva
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1994576\charrsid6452966 5th }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9382902\charrsid6452966 September }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4661429\charrsid6452966 2008}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13918673\charrsid6452966 
\par }}