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)}}{\*\pnseclvl8 \pnlcltr\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}{\*\pnseclvl9\pnlcrm\pnstart1\pnindent720\pnhang {\pntxtb (}{\pntxta )}}\pard\plain \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5073359 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898348\charrsid5073359 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI \par AT LAUTOKA \par APPELLATE JURISDICTION \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5073359 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5073359 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5073359 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898348\charrsid5073359 Criminal Appeal No. HAA 34 of 2008 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5073359 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}\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5073359 {\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898348\charrsid5073359 And}{\caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5073359 :}{ \caps\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5073359\charrsid5073359 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5073359 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5073359 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5073359 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898348\charrsid5073359 STATE}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5073359 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898348\charrsid5073359 Respondent \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5073359 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898348\charrsid5073359 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5073359 Hearing: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898348\charrsid5073359 3rd September 2008 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5073359 Ruling: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898348\charrsid5073359 3rd September 2008 \par \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5073359 Counsel:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5073359\charrsid5073359 1st}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898348\charrsid5073359 Appellant in person \par 2nd Appellant in person \par Ms. Lidise for the Respondent \par \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5073359 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898348\charrsid5073359 RULING ON }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8193170\charrsid5073359 WILFUL }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898348\charrsid5073359 REFUSAL TO PAY FINE \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5073359 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898348\charrsid5073359 \par The two appellants were sentenced on appeal to terms of imprisonment and fines. In default of the payment of fines, they were to serve 6 months imprisonment. \par \par The record shows that they did not pay their fines and they were summoned to explain why they had not paid. They were so summoned }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6763725\charrsid5073359 because }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898348\charrsid5073359 the record of the learned judge did not show that a means test was held before the fines were imposed. \par \par The sentences imposed by his Lordship Justice Govind were 13 months imprisonment and $250 fine in default 6 months imprisonment f}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1455311\charrsid5073359 or}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898348\charrsid5073359 the 1st appellant and 21 months imprisonment and a fine of $200 in default 6 months imprisonment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1455311\charrsid5073359 , for the 2nd appellant}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898348\charrsid5073359 . \par \par The 1st appellant said that he had paid his fine through his sister at the Ba Magistrates Court. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11367874\charrsid5073359 This is now confirmed by the Ba Magistrates Court. }{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898348\charrsid5073359 The 2nd }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6763725\charrsid5073359 appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898348\charrsid5073359 says that he has no means to pay. He was an operator at Vatukoula but he has no savings (other than his FNPF), and while serving has no means. \par \par In }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898348\charrsid5073359 Sereima Bokadi v The State}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898348\charrsid5073359 [2002] HAA 75/02S, I consider ed the role of a sentencing court before a fine was imposed or before a warrant of commitment was issued for non-payment. \par \par Such an inquiry is necessary because section 23(1)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3094283\charrsid5073359 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898348\charrsid5073359 (c) of the Constitution provides:}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5073359 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3094283\charrsid5073359 a person must not be deprived of personal liberty except:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14898348\charrsid5073359 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3094283\charrsid5073359 \par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3094283\charrsid5073359 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls1\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5073359 { \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3094283\charrsid5073359 for the purpose of executing the order of a court made to secure the fulfillment of an obligation imposed on the person by law;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3871887\charrsid5073359 \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5073359 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3871887\charrsid5073359 \par and section 23(2) provides: \par \par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5073359 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3871887\charrsid5073359 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5073359 "}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3871887\charrsid5073359 Paragraph (1) (c) does not permit a court to make an order \tab depriving a person of personal liberty on the agreed of failure \tab to pay maintenance or a debt, fine or tax unless the court \tab considers that the person has willfully refused to pay despite \tab having the means to do so}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5073359 "}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3871887\charrsid5073359 . \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5073359 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8193170\charrsid5073359 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3871887\charrsid5073359 In }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3871887\charrsid5073359 Bokadi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3871887\charrsid5073359 (supra) it was held that the court should consider regularity of employment, expected and current wages, financial burdens on the offender and other sources of income. It is wrong to expect other people (such as family members)}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8193170\charrsid5073359 (to pay the fine (except in the case of a juvenile).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3871887\charrsid5073359 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8193170\charrsid5073359 \par In this case the 2nd appellant is currently serving his term of imprisonment, is no longer employed, has no saving}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11367874\charrsid5073359 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8193170\charrsid5073359 and was supporting a younger }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6763725\charrsid5073359 sister}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8193170\charrsid5073359 through school. His wages when he was working was $200. \par \par It is regrettable that this appellant did not tell the appellate judge that he had no means to pay the fine. It is even more regrettable because his co-appellant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11367874\charrsid5073359 s}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8193170\charrsid5073359 ha}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11367874\charrsid5073359 ve}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8193170\charrsid5073359 paid their fines. However I am not persuaded that the 2nd Appellant is willfully refusing to pay his fine. To }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6763725\charrsid5073359 order }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8193170\charrsid5073359 him to serve the additional 6 months in default would be in breach of section 23 (2) of the Constitution. \par \par I decline to issue the warrant of commitment for him.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11367874\charrsid5073359 I accept that the 1st Appellant has paid his fine. The Revenue Receipt Number is 18680.}{ \lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8193170\charrsid5073359 \par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6763725\charrsid5073359 \par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5073359 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6763725\charrsid5073359 Nazhat Shameem \par Judge \par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5073359 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6763725\charrsid5073359 \par At Lautoka \par 3rd September 2008. \par }}