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\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15277530\charrsid3414745 IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10160511\charrsid3414745 AT SUVA
\par CIVIL JURISDICTION}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14908574 
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\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15277530\charrsid3414745 No. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16666285\charrsid3414745 02}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13454640\charrsid3414745  of}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10160511\charrsid3414745  200}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16666285\charrsid3414745 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15277530\charrsid3414745 
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409735\charrsid3414745 of an Application by }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409735\charrsid3414745 Savita Nair }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409735\charrsid3414745 for Judicial Review
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409735\charrsid3414745 IN THE MATTER }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409735\charrsid3414745 of the decision of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409735\charrsid3414745 Permanent Secretary for Education}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409735\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409735\charrsid3414745 made on 29 November 2007 to transfer Savita Nair from Rishikul Sanatan College }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409735\charrsid3414745 to Mahatma }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14955644\charrsid3414745 Gandhi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409735\charrsid3414745  Memorial High School
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745\charrsid3414745 BETWEEN:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1573572\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409735\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13308864\charrsid3414745 SAVITA DEVI NAIR}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16666285\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13308864\charrsid3414745 APPLICANT}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15277530\charrsid3414745 
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\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15277530\charrsid3414745 AND}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9314020\charrsid3414745 :}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15277530\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9314020\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16666285\charrsid3414745 PERMANENT SECRETARY FOR EDUCATION
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16666285\charrsid3414745 FIRST RESPONDENT}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10160511\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3223881\charrsid3414745 AND:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3223881\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16666285\charrsid3414745 ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF FIJI}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15277530\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16666285\charrsid3414745 SECOND RE}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11736403\charrsid3414745 SPONDENT}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15277530\charrsid3414745 
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\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10160511\charrsid3414745 Appearances:
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9314020\charrsid3414745 Mr }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16666285\charrsid3414745 J. Rai}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3878178\charrsid3414745 k}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16666285\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3878178\charrsid3414745 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16666285\charrsid3414745 roka for the Applicant}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9314020\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2492135\charrsid3414745 Ms }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14642461\charrsid3414745 S. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5989746\charrsid3414745 Seruilagilagi}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2492135\charrsid3414745  for the Respondents
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7160521\charrsid3414745 
\par Date of Hearing: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409735\charrsid3414745 19 May 2008}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7160521\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7687795\charrsid3414745 Date of Judgment:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13138180\charrsid3414745 1}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344878\charrsid3414745 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409735\charrsid3414745  August }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7687795\charrsid3414745 2008}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7160521\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6846865\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9314020\charrsid3414745 JUDGMENT}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344878\charrsid3414745 
 (No. 2)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9314020\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9314020\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14225835\charrsid3414745 Headnote}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14225835 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820926\charrsid3414745 Teacher transfer; }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336688\charrsid3414745 Regulation 13}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13246456\charrsid3414745 , }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13246456\charrsid3414745 Public Service (General) Regulations }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13246456\charrsid3414745 1999}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9336688\charrsid3414745 ;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3225879\charrsid3414745 Administrative decision vs \lquote manageri}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8220722\charrsid3414745 al\rquote  or \lquote operational
\rquote  decision; }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8546106\charrsid3414745 Public Service not generally limited by national security considerations}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8326962\charrsid3414745 , or considerations vis-\'e0-vis }
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3225879\charrsid3414745 emergency/security services; Public service not to be equated with Queensland Correctional Centres;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9977437\charrsid3414745 Police officers in special contractual position;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344878\charrsid3414745 Legitimate expectations;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13246456\charrsid3414745 Reasonable expectations; }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8326962\charrsid3414745 Written reasons;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13246456\charrsid3414745 Date of decision;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 
Procedural}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344878\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8326962\charrsid3414745 f}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 airness}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344878\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3225879\charrsid3414745 in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8326962\charrsid3414745 t}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344878\charrsid3414745 ransfer decisions}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7995984\charrsid3414745  where \lquote bad faith\rquote  alleged;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9189119\charrsid3414745 V}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820926\charrsid3414745 ictimi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9189119\charrsid3414745 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11820926\charrsid3414745 ation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3036783\charrsid3414745 ;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3036783\charrsid3414745 
Apprehension of bias }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7995984\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8326962\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5396758\charrsid3414745 Attorney-General of Hong Kong and Ng Yuen Shui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5396758\charrsid3414745 
[1983] 2 WLR 735 (Privy Council, Appeal from the Court of Appeal of Hong Kong, 21 February 1983)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3225879\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5265864\charrsid3414745 Bartz v. Department of Corrective Services }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5265864\charrsid3414745 [2002] QC 56 (19 March 2002)
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5265864\charrsid3414745 Bartz v. Department of Corrective Services }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5265864\charrsid3414745 [2001] QSC 392 (12 October 2001)
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5265864\charrsid3414745 Bartz v. Chief Executive, Department of Corrective Services }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5265864\charrsid3414745 [2001] QSC 222 (28 June 2001) 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5265864\charrsid3414745 Bartz v. Dept of Corrective Services }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5265864\charrsid3414745 [2001] QSC 87 (20 March 2001)
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5265864\charrsid3414745 Bartz v. Department of Corrective Services }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5265864\charrsid3414745 [2000] QSC 336 (29 September 2000)
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5265864\charrsid3414745 Bartz v. Qld Corrective Services Commission }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5265864\charrsid3414745 [1999] QSC 237 (4 October 1999)
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8605075\charrsid3414745 Bijay v. Permanent Secretary for Education, Women & Culture }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8605075\charrsid3414745 [1997] FJHC 134;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8605075\charrsid3414745 Hbj0005j.1997s (12 September 1997).
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5265864\charrsid3414745 Burns v. Australian National University }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5265864\charrsid3414745 (1981-82) 40 ALR 707
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4137121\charrsid3414745 Council of Civil Service Unions and Ors v. Minister for the Civil Service }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4137121\charrsid3414745 [1984] 3 All ER 935;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4137121\charrsid3414745 [1985] AC 374 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78427\charrsid3414745 Usmal Nisha Dean v. Chief Executive Officer for Ministry of Education and Attorney-General of Fiji }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78427\charrsid3414745 (HBJ 4 of 2004, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 14 May 2004}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78427\charrsid3414745 )
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8220722\charrsid3414745 Minister of State for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v. Teoh }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8220722\charrsid3414745 (1995) 183 CLR 278;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8220722\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7995984\charrsid3414745 Mohini Devi v. Permanent Secretary for Education & Attorney General of Fiji }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7995984\charrsid3414745 (JRA No. HBJ 07 of 2008, 19 February 2008}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78427\charrsid3414745 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7995984\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78427\charrsid3414745 Mohina Devi v. Permanent Secretary for Education & Attorney }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 General}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78427\charrsid3414745  of Fiji }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78427\charrsid3414745 (Judicial Review No. HBJ 18D of 2008S, 20 June 2008)}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78427\charrsid3414745 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid78427 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\super\insrsid1120746 \chftn }{\insrsid1120746  Copy provided to the Court and Counsel for Ms Nair after hearing. }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78427\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78427\charrsid3414745 Federal Airports Corp. v. Aerolinas Argentines }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid78427\charrsid3414745 (1997) 147 ALR 649
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5396758\charrsid3414745 Gray v. Pettman and State of Victoria }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5396758\charrsid3414745 [1999] VCAT 33}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5396758\charrsid3414745 
 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12215000\charrsid3414745 Kioa v. West }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12215000\charrsid3414745 [1985] HCA 81;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12215000\charrsid3414745 (1985) 159 CLR 550 (18 December 1985)
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4851082\charrsid3414745 Sevita Devi Nair v. Permanent Secretary for Education and Attorney General of the Republic of Fiji (No. 1)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4851082\charrsid3414745 
 (Judicial Review HBJ No. 02 of 2008, 11 February 2008)
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5396758\charrsid3414745 O\rquote Reilly v. Mackman }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5396758\charrsid3414745 [1982] 3 WLR 1096
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12215000\charrsid3414745 Rejendra Prasad v. }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4598309\charrsid3414745 D}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12215000\charrsid3414745 ivisio
nal Engineer Northern and Ministry for Transport, Works and Energy }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid134856\charrsid3414745 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12215000\charrsid3414745 Judicial Review No. HBJ03 of 2007, 17 July 2008)
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5396758\charrsid3414745 Public Service Association v. Kotobalavu }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5396758\charrsid3414745 [2004] FJCA 51;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5396758\charrsid3414745 ABU0031.2004S (11 November 2004)
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9194568\charrsid3414745 Salemi v. MacKellar (No. 2) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9194568\charrsid3414745 [1977] HCA 26;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9194568\charrsid3414745 (1977) 137 CLR 396 (11 May 1977)
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799526\charrsid3414745 Re Roland Warwick Sellars v. Sir Colin Woods and Alex Robert Bunt }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799526\charrsid3414745 [1982] FAC281;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799526\charrsid3414745 (1982) 69 FLR 105 (23 December 1982)
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11669878\charrsid3414745 R. v. Derbyshire County Council;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11669878\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Noble }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11669878\charrsid3414745 [1990] ICR 808
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11669878\charrsid3414745 R (on the application of Tucker) v. Director General of the National Crime Squad }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11669878\charrsid3414745 [2003] ICR 599;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11669878\charrsid3414745 [2003] EWCA Civ 57, CA;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11669878\charrsid3414745 
(English Court of Appeal, Civil Division, 17 January 2003)
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11669878\charrsid3414745 Regina v. East Berkshire Health Authority;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11669878\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Walsh }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11669878\charrsid3414745 [1985] QB 152;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11669878\charrsid3414745 (1984) 3 All ER 425
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11669878\charrsid3414745 R. v. Secretary of State for the Home Department;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11669878\charrsid3414745 
Ex parte Doody }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11669878\charrsid3414745 [1994] 1 AC 531
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11669878\charrsid3414745 R. v. Secretary of State for the Home Department;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11669878\charrsid3414745 
Ex parte Hosenball }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11669878\charrsid3414745 [1977] 1 WLR 766;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11669878\charrsid3414745 [1977] 3 All ER 452 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11669878\charrsid3414745 R. v. Secretary for the Home Department;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11669878\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Swati }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11669878\charrsid3414745 [1986] 1 WLR 477 were echoed:
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814438\charrsid3414745 State v. Decision of Public Service Commission & Attorney General;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814438\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Alefina Vuki }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814438\charrsid3414745 (Civil Action No. HBJ 0046 of 1999, 9 July 2000)}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814438\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814438\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4149690\charrsid3414745 State v. Fiji Islands Revenue & Customs Authority and Silipa Tagicaki Kubuabolan;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4149690\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Barbara Malimali }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4149690\charrsid3414745 [2003] FJHC 100 (9 April 2003)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799526\charrsid3414745 
(HVBJ 2 of 2003}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13467534\charrsid3414745 , 9 April 2003)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799526\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7995984\charrsid3414745 State v. FIRCA;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7995984\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Vimal Kustina }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7995984\charrsid3414745 (HBJ 14 of 2003)
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814438\charrsid3414745 State v. Public Service Commission;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814438\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Laladidi }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814438\charrsid3414745 [1995] FJHC 127;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814438\charrsid3414745 Hbj0017j.1992s (19 July 1995)}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814438\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15814438\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11669878\charrsid3414745 State v. Small Claims Tribunal;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11669878\charrsid3414745 Ex parte
 Fiji Electricity Authority }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11669878\charrsid3414745 (Judicial Review No HBJ 48 of 2003)
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12215000\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2492135\charrsid3414745 1.\tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409735\charrsid3414745 Judicial Review}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6692818\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409735\charrsid3414745 Sevita Nair, a teacher in the post of Vice Principal at Rish}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6560676\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409735\charrsid3414745 
kul Sanatan College (Rish}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6560676\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409735\charrsid3414745 kul) applies for judicial review of the decision by the Permanent Secretary for Education }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6560676\charrsid3414745 (\lquote Permanent Secretary\rquote ) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409735\charrsid3414745 to transfer her from her post at Rish}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6560676\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409735\charrsid3414745 kul to a similar post at Mahatma }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14955644\charrsid3414745 Gandhi}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid409735\charrsid3414745  Memorial High School (MGMHS). 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16149560\charrsid3414745 
\par 1.1\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1471443\charrsid3414745 Ms Nair\rquote s application for leave was heard on }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5375944\charrsid3414745 4 February an}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1471443\charrsid3414745 d granted on }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5375944\charrsid3414745 11 February 2008}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828038\charrsid3414745 , together with a stay of 
the decision}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1471443\charrsid3414745 . 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749794\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1471443\charrsid3414745 1.2\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12721795\charrsid3414745 The foundation for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3936050\charrsid3414745 Ms Nair\rquote s }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12721795\charrsid3414745 application }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10958762\charrsid3414745 essentially }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12721795\charrsid3414745 
lies in an investigation carried out }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10958762\charrsid3414745 some time}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14429781\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10958762\charrsid3414745 
in November 2007 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12721795\charrsid3414745 by the Min}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10958762\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12721795\charrsid3414745 
stry of Education into allegations made against }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10958762\charrsid3414745 Rish}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6560676\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10958762\charrsid3414745 ku}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14429781\charrsid3414745 l}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10958762\charrsid3414745 \rquote s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12721795\charrsid3414745 Principal}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14429781\charrsid3414745  (\lquote the Rish}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6560676\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14429781\charrsid3414745 kul investigation\rquote )}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12721795\charrsid3414745 . In the course of the investigation, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16149560\charrsid3414745 Ms Nair }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12721795\charrsid3414745 
was interviewed. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10958762\charrsid3414745 She r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14429781\charrsid3414745 ais}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5375944\charrsid3414745 ed}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14429781\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10958762\charrsid3414745 some views about the Principal\rquote s behaviour. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14429781\charrsid3414745 
On 29 November 2007 she received a \rquote 28 day notification\rquote  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5375944\charrsid3414745 consistent with Regulation 13 of the Public Service (General) Regulations 1999 (\lquote the Regulations\rquote )}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828038\charrsid3414745 (\lquote Regulation 13\rquote )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5375944\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14429781\charrsid3414745 
that she would be transferred from Rish}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6560676\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14429781\charrsid3414745 kul to MGMHS, effective from 21 January 2008. }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828038\charrsid3414745 In reply, s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14429781\charrsid3414745 he wrote to the Ministry setting out her objections to the transfer and asking for reasons.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1445960\charrsid3414745  The Ministry did not respond in writing to her request, proceeding with its decision to transfer her. Ms Nair }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14429781\charrsid3414745 
formed a view that the transfer was a consequence of her speaking out during the investigation and, hence, that she was being subjected to victimisation. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1471443\charrsid3414745 Ms Nair }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14429781\charrsid3414745 then made h}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1471443\charrsid3414745 er}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14429781\charrsid3414745  application for judicial review.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14161547\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14429781\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828038\charrsid3414745 1.3\tab The grounds are:
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828038\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828038\charrsid3414745 The First Respondent acted ultra vires the provisions of Regulation 13 of the }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828038\charrsid3414745 Public Service (General) Regulations 1999 (
\lquote the Regulations\rquote )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828038\charrsid3414745  in that they did not carefully follow the guidelines required for transferring the Applicant.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828038\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828038\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828038\charrsid3414745 
The First Respondent was biased against the Applicant in the aforesaid decision in that they were transferring her for speaking out against the Principal of Rishikul Sanatan College in an investigation they carried out.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828038\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828038\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828038\charrsid3414745 The First Respondent failed to provide reasons for the transfer even though the Applicant made a written request for such reasons.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828038\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828038\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 d)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls3\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828038\charrsid3414745 The First Respondent by transferring the Applicant was in a way penalizing her for supposedly speaking out against the Principal during
 the investigation without giving her an opportunity to respond accordingly.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828038\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14429781\charrsid3414745 1.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828038\charrsid3414745 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14429781\charrsid3414745 \tab The Respondents say that Ms Nair\rquote 
s participation in the Rish}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6560676\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14429781\charrsid3414745 kul investigation had no bearing upon the decision that she be transferred from Rish}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6560676\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14429781\charrsid3414745 kul to MGMHS. They say that the decision to transfer her predated the Rish}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6560676\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14429781\charrsid3414745 kul investigation. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12732260\charrsid3414745 Originally, t}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14429781\charrsid3414745 he Respondents sa}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12732260\charrsid3414745 id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14429781\charrsid3414745  that, in any event, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5375944\charrsid3414745 Regulation 13 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12732260\charrsid3414745 wa}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5375944\charrsid3414745 s not applicable to her transfer}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3936050\charrsid3414745 . The Respondent position here is that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12732260\charrsid3414745 her response was taken into account in the making 
of the decision and there is no requirement for a written response}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3936050\charrsid3414745 . Further, th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14429781\charrsid3414745 
e decision to transfer is a management decision falling into the category of managerial or operational decision and hence is not susceptible to judicial review}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3936050\charrsid3414745 ;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3936050\charrsid3414745 in any event, Ms Nair has not exhausted internal remedies}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14429781\charrsid3414745 . 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5375944\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12221329\charrsid3414745 1.5\tab In submissions, the Respondents list their grounds for dismissal of the application:
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12221329\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls27\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12221329\charrsid3414745 That the decision to transfer [Ms Nair] was a managerial or operational decision that is not susceptible to judicial review.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12221329 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9259220\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12221329\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls27\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12221329\charrsid3414745 [Ms Nair] had not exhausted the internal grievance procedure provided for under the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12221329\charrsid3414745 Public Service Act }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12221329\charrsid3414745 1999 and stipulated in the Ministry of Education internal procedures.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12221329 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9259220\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12221329\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls27\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12221329\charrsid3414745 The decision by the Respondents to transfer [Ms Nair] was done in good faith following the creation of a vacancy in the post of Vice Princ}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6560676\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12221329\charrsid3414745 
pal at Mahatma Gandhi Memorial High School. Any alleged bias or discrimination was done after the decision to transfer [Ms Nair] was finalised.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12221329\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799857\charrsid3414745 1.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749794\charrsid3414745 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799857\charrsid3414745 \tab Ms Nair seeks:
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8074089\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8074089\charrsid3414745 An }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8074089\charrsid3414745 Order for Certiorari}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8074089\charrsid3414745  to remove the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6560676\charrsid3414745 [Permanent Secretary]\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8074089\charrsid3414745  decision made on 29 November 2007 into this Court }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2492135\charrsid3414745 to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8074089\charrsid3414745  be quashed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8074089\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8074089\charrsid3414745 A }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8074089\charrsid3414745 Declaration}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8074089\charrsid3414745  that the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6560676\charrsid3414745 [Permanent Secretary]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8074089\charrsid3414745 \rquote s Notifi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6560676\charrsid3414745 
cation of Transfer to [Ms Nair] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8074089\charrsid3414745 is unlawful, invalid, void and of no effect.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745 A }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745 Declaration}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745  that the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6560676\charrsid3414745 [Permanent Secretary] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745 was biased towards }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6560676\charrsid3414745 [Ms Nair] }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745 and acted arbitrarily and/or }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8074089\charrsid3414745 unreasonably}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745 
 in purporting to transfer }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6560676\charrsid3414745 [Ms Nair] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745 on 29 November 2007.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8074089\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8074089\charrsid3414745 A }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8074089\charrsid3414745 Declaration}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8074089\charrsid3414745  that the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6560676\charrsid3414745 [Permanent Secretary] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8074089\charrsid3414745 acted in breach of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6560676\charrsid3414745 [Ms Nair]}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8074089\charrsid3414745 \rquote s legitimate expectation of being treated fairly and being accorded natural justice.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745 A }{\b\ul\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745 Stay}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745  of the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6560676\charrsid3414745 [Permanent Secretary]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8074089\charrsid3414745 \rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745 
 decision of 29 November 2007 pending final determination of this judicial review.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745 Costs.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745 Such }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8074089\charrsid3414745 f}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3223881\charrsid3414745 ur}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8074089\charrsid3414745 ther}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745  order or other relie}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3223881\charrsid3414745 f}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid3414745  as this Court may deem just and equitable.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3542885\charrsid9259220 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2492135\charrsid9259220 2.\tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1471443\charrsid9259220 Chronology of Events
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9259220 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1471443\charrsid3414745 As timing is an issue in this application and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828038\charrsid3414745 goes to the heart of the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1471443\charrsid3414745 dispute, I list here a chronology of events relied upon by Ms Nair, interposing the contrary timeline }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13922170\charrsid3414745 (in }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13922170\charrsid3414745 bold}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13922170\charrsid3414745 ) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1471443\charrsid3414745 relied upon by the Respondents.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2629867\charrsid3414745 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid2629867 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\super\insrsid1120746 \chftn }{\insrsid1120746  This chronology draws upon Ms Nair\rquote s Affidavit in Support filed {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname 
Month}{\xmlattrvalue 1}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 24}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 2008}}}24 January 2008{\*\xmlclose} and Affidavit in Response filed {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}
{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 3}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 27}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 2008}}}27 March 2008{\*\xmlclose}
, in respect of the dates relied upon by Ms Nair. For those relied upon by the Respondents, it draws upon Affidavit in Reply filed {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 3}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0
{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 25}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 2008}}}25 March 2008{\*\xmlclose}.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1471443\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1471443\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15286802\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15286802\charrsid3414745 1982\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1189663\charrsid3414745 \tab \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12609473\charrsid3414745 Ms Nair j}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2629867\charrsid3414745 oins the Civil Service}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1471443\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15286802\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13922170\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13922170\charrsid3414745 24 January 1983 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1189663\charrsid3414745 \tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13922170\charrsid3414745 Ms Nair joins Civil Service}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15286802\charrsid3414745  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15286802\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15286802\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2629867\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2629867\charrsid3414745 2001\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1189663\charrsid3414745 \tab \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2629867\charrsid3414745 
Ms Nair employed at Vice Principal ED2A Grade
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15286802\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1787687\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1787687\charrsid3414745 1 F}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12784495\charrsid3414745 ebruary 2001\tab Ms Nair posted to R}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1787687\charrsid3414745 ishikul}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9766805\charrsid3414745  as Assistant Principal}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15286802\charrsid3414745  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1787687\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15286802\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2629867\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2629867\charrsid3414745 January 2007\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12221329\charrsid3414745 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2629867\charrsid3414745 
Ms Nair confirmed in position of Vice Principal ED2A Grade}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12784495\charrsid3414745  (notified confirmed August/September 2007 and backdated to February 2007)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2629867\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1189663\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828038\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 6.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828038\charrsid3414745 16 March 2007 \tab Ministry decides to transfer Abhay Prasad from Saraswati College to MGMHS as Acting Principal
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1189663\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828038\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 7.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828038\charrsid3414745 Min}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12221329\charrsid3414745 i}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828038\charrsid3414745 
stry decides to transfer Satwati Prasad, Acting Vice Principal MGMHS (and wife of Abhay Prasad) to conform to Min}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9766805\charrsid3414745 i}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828038\charrsid3414745 
stry policy of spouses not working together
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1189663\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6560676\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 8.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6560676\charrsid3414745 June/July 2007\tab Ms Nair interviewed by Ministry officer Mr Hewson with questions about Rishikul Principal\rquote s \lquote poor administration\rquote  per a complaint
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1189663\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1787687\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 9.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1787687\charrsid3414745 18 July 2007\tab Public Service }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14955644\charrsid3414745 Commission}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1787687\charrsid3414745  Circular N}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3936050\charrsid3414745 o}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1787687\charrsid3414745 . 21 \endash  \lquote Rotation of }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14955644\charrsid3414745 Staff}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1787687\charrsid3414745  after Tour of Duty: staff to be rotated after serving three years of service (\lquote tour of duty\rquote )
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1189663\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12221329\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 10.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12221329\charrsid3414745 5 November 2007\tab Ministry decides to transfer Ms Nair to MGMHS (replacing Satwati Prasad)}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14828038\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1189663\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9766805\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 11.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9766805\charrsid3414745 8 November 2007\tab Ministry investigation by Divisional Education Officer Central into allegations against Principal of Rishikul
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1189663\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495311\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 12.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495311\charrsid3414745 Circa late 2007}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12221329\charrsid3414745 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948770\charrsid3414745 Ministry conducts }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14955644\charrsid3414745 Rishikul}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15495311\charrsid3414745  investigation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948770\charrsid3414745 , questioning staff including Ms Nair}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2629867\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8552370\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8552370\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 13.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8552370\charrsid3414745 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948770\charrsid3414745 9 November 2007\tab Ms Nair receives 28-days Notification of Transfer}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12221329\charrsid3414745  advising}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948770\charrsid3414745 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10570281\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f10\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \loch\af10\dbch\af0\hich\f10 \'a7\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\ilvl2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 transfer to MGMHS from 21 January 2008;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f10\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \loch\af10\dbch\af0\hich\f10 \'a7\tab}raise any views or concerns re the transfer before 21 January 2008;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f10\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \loch\af10\dbch\af0\hich\f10 \'a7\tab}if no views, concerns raised, her acceptance of the transfer would be assumed;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f10\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \loch\af10\dbch\af0\hich\f10 \'a7\tab}after considering her vi
ews and concerns the Ministry could still transfer Ms Nair if of the opinion she should still be transferred.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 14.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9327693\charrsid3414745  December 2007}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948770\charrsid3414745  Ms Nair replies:
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749794\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls29\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 raising objections against the transfer;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}saying she believes she \lquote was singled out for views raised against the principal during the Investigation\rquote ;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 and
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}asking the Ministry to make a \'93fair decision in this matter\'94\rquote 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 15.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 D}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16072123\charrsid3414745 ate Unknown Ministry appoints replacement for Ms Nair at Rishikul.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 16.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2511152\charrsid3414745 7 December 2007 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948770\charrsid3414745 Ministry letter informs Rishikul }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2511152\charrsid3414745 Manager and Principal }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948770\charrsid3414745 o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2511152\charrsid3414745 f Ms Nair\rquote s transfer to MGM}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6948770\charrsid3414745 HS}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15678735\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 17.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 17 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15678735\charrsid3414745 January 2008 Director Secondary writes note on Ministry Memorandum re Ms Nair}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13703560\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 (unknown to her until 22 January 2008):
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 
Investigations on the allegations on the Principal concluded that only the Vice Principal of the School is against the Principal hence the need to throw her out as not to disturb the Principal\rquote s organisation in the school.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 18.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2511152\charrsid3414745 8 January 2008 Ms Nair\rquote s Solicitors }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13703560\charrsid3414745 
(unaware of 17 January 2008 note) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2511152\charrsid3414745 wr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15678735\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2511152\charrsid3414745 
te to Permanent Secretary of Ministry of Education advising:
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls31\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 no Ministry response to Ms Nair\rquote s 3 December 2007 letter yet received;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}
Ms Nair will start at Rishikul for the new school year until receiving a Ministry response to her 3 December 2007 letter and Solicitor\rquote s 18 January 2008 letter;
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 19.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 21}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2511152\charrsid3414745  January 2008}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5577007\charrsid3414745  Ms Nair:
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f10\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \loch\af10\dbch\af0\hich\f10 \'a7\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls30\ilvl2\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9259220 
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 reports for duties at Rishikul;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f10\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \loch\af10\dbch\af0\hich\f10 \'a7\tab}\lquote notices a commotion \'85 and [finds] out \'85 Management [has] locked \'85 Principal out\rquote ;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f10\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \loch\af10\dbch\af0\hich\f10 \'a7\tab}without prior notice receives copy of 27 December 2007 letter;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f10\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \loch\af10\dbch\af0\hich\f10 \'a7\tab}receives visit from Divisional Educational Officer \endash  Central:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls30\ilvl3\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 who says she \lquote was supposed to report to MGM not Rishikul\rquote ;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}to whom Ms Nair says she will go only when Ministry responds to her query re her transfer
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14955644\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 20.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14955644\charrsid3414745 21 January 2008 \tab Principal of Rishikul locked out of school}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12784495\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5577007\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 21.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5577007\charrsid3414745 22 January 2008}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2629018\charrsid3414745  at Rishikul}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5577007\charrsid3414745  Divisional Educational }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2629018\charrsid3414745 Office \endash  Central:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls32\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 hands Ms Nair a Minute written by Mr Buwawa, Deputy Secretary for Education to Director Secondary Education:
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls32\ilvl3\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 seeking response by 14 January 2008 from Director Secondary Education;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}containing written notes Ms Nair presumes were \lquote made by officers who handled [her] case;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}which Ms Nair finds includes comments by Director Secondary made on 17 January 2008, including the statement:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 
Investigations on the allegations on the Principal concluded that only the Vice Principal of the School is against the Principal hence the need to throw her out as not to disturb the Principal\rquote s organisation in the school.
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls32\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 tells Ms Nair Ministry will cease paying her salary if she does not report to MGMHS
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 22.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16072123\charrsid3414745 28 January 2008 }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14955644\charrsid3414745 Ministry}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16072123\charrsid3414745  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14955644\charrsid3414745 officers}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16072123\charrsid3414745  hold discussions with }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14955644\charrsid3414745 Rishikul}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16072123\charrsid3414745  management:
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls4\ilvl4\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 to resolve lock out and management demand for removal of Principal
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10371319\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}to ensure continuation of classes for students
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3826995\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2056331\charrsid3414745 2.2\tab Amongst other matters, Ms Nair further states in that Affidavit:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3826995\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3826995\charrsid3414745 I have spent twenty five years in the teaching profession and e
xpected to be treated fairly by the Ministry and have suffered much anxiety and stress since receiving the Notification. I have not been able to enjoy my break for the festive season last year as this issue has always been on my mind and this is the first
 time I have experienced such matters: para 21
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3826995\charrsid3414745 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5577007\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10308414\charrsid9259220 3.\tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15942339\charrsid9259220 \lquote Management or Operational\rquote  not Amenable to Administrative Review?}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9327693\charrsid9259220 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9259220 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5184061\charrsid3414745 The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5798987\charrsid3414745 question whether administrative review is open to Ms Nair is basic to her application. }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1594958\charrsid3414745 Citing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5798987\charrsid3414745 :
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5798987\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5798987\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls33\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5798987\charrsid3414745 Mohini Devi v. Permanent Secretary for Educa}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10236164\charrsid3414745 ti}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5798987\charrsid3414745 
on & Attorney General of Fiji }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5798987\charrsid3414745 (JRA No. HBJ 07 of 2008, 19 February 2008);
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5798987\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5798987\charrsid3414745 State v. FIRCA;}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5798987\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Vimal Kustina }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5798987\charrsid3414745 (HBJ 14 of 2003, xxxx)
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5798987\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5798987\charrsid3414745 Usmal Nisha Dean v. Chief Exe}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10236164\charrsid3414745 c}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5798987\charrsid3414745 utive Officer for }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10236164\charrsid3414745 Ministry}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5798987\charrsid3414745  of Educa}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10236164\charrsid3414745 ti}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5798987\charrsid3414745 on and Atto}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10236164\charrsid3414745 r}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5798987\charrsid3414745 ney-G}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10236164\charrsid3414745 e}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5798987\charrsid3414745 ner}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10236164\charrsid3414745 a}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5798987\charrsid3414745 l of Fiji }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5798987\charrsid3414745 (HBJ 4 of 2004, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 14 May 2004}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5798987\charrsid3414745 )
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5798987\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5798987\charrsid3414745 State v. Fiji Islands Revenue & Customs Authority;}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5798987\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Barbara Malimali }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10236164\charrsid3414745 (HVBJ 2 of 2003)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5798987\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10236164\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10236164\charrsid3414745 Mohina Devi v. Permanent Secretary for Education & Attorney }
{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437097\charrsid3414745 General}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10236164\charrsid3414745  of Fiji }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10236164\charrsid3414745 
(Judicial Review No. HBJ 18D of 2008S, 20 June 2008)}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3080253\charrsid3414745 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\super\insrsid1120746 \chftn }{\insrsid1120746  Copy provided to the Court and Counsel for Ms Nair after hearing. }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10236164\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1594958\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1594958\charrsid3414745 the Re}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749794\charrsid3414745 sponden
ts }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1594958\charrsid3414745 say not}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15425645\charrsid3414745 . They }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5734022\charrsid3414745 have relied }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749794\charrsid3414745 upon the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11421954\charrsid3414745 se decisions }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15425645\charrsid3414745 for the proposition }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11421954\charrsid3414745 that \lquote operational or management decision}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10434039\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11421954\charrsid3414745 
 of public or statutory bodies are not susceptible\rquote  to judicial review. 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8411211\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16608401\charrsid3414745 3.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1594958\charrsid3414745 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16608401\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8411211\charrsid3414745 In }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8411211\charrsid3414745 S}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4915454\charrsid3414745 e}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8411211\charrsid3414745 vita Devi Nair v. Permanent Secretary for Educa}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4915454\charrsid3414745 t}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8411211\charrsid3414745 
ion and Att}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4915454\charrsid3414745 o}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8411211\charrsid3414745 rney G}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4915454\charrsid3414745 e}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8411211\charrsid3414745 ne}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4915454\charrsid3414745 ra}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8411211\charrsid3414745 l of the Republic of Fiji (No. 1)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8411211\charrsid3414745  (Judicial Review HBJ No. 02 of 2008, 11 February 2008) I canvassed ex}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4915454\charrsid3414745 t}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8411211\charrsid3414745 en}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4915454\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8411211\charrsid3414745 i}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4915454\charrsid3414745 v}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8411211\charrsid3414745 
ely the authorities relied upon by the Respondents and sought to be relied upon again here, together with the decisions in the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8411211\charrsid3414745 Mohini Devi case }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8411211\charrsid3414745 of 19 February 2008 and 20 June 2008}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15425645\charrsid3414745  (postdating my decision in }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4598309\charrsid3414745 Sevita Devi Nair v. Permanent Secretary for Education and Attorney General of the Republic of Fiji (No. 1)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4598309\charrsid3414745 
 (Judicial Review HBJ No. 02 of 2008, 11 February 2008).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8411211\charrsid3414745  
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10570281\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16608401\charrsid3414745 3.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1594958\charrsid3414745 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16608401\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 True it is that some decisions made by public or statutory bodies}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5721441\charrsid3414745  may not be }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 
amenable to judicial review. This is unremarkable. Otherwise, public or statutory bodies could be tied up endlessly in judicial processes. This would hardly be advantageous to public sector functioning. }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10243606\charrsid3414745 However, the vast bulk (and perhaps all) administrative decisions by public sector bodies and executive government might be characterised as \lquote managerial\rquote  or \lquote operational
\rquote  \endash  after all the role of the public sector is to \lquote manage\rquote . Hence it }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 is necessary to ask where the lines are drawn \endash  \lquote against\rquote 
 the right to judicial review and \lquote for\rquote  that right. It is no good simply to say \lquote this is an operational or management decision\rquote  for it is difficult to think of an admin}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16608401\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 strative decision that could not be so characterised and conversely operational and management decisions are of necessity 
\lquote administrative\rquote . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10243606\charrsid3414745 A blanket statement \lquote managerial and operational decisions are outside judicial review\rquote  is, bluntly, wrong.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4655191\charrsid3414745  Nor does it accord with what, in my opinion, the judgments of this Court affirm.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749794\charrsid3414745 
\par 3.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1594958\charrsid3414745 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749794\charrsid3414745 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496244\charrsid3414745 
The cardinal rule is that where rights, interests and legitimate expectations of individuals affected directly by a public sector or executive government decision are affected, judicial review is applicable. If it is ass
erted not to be, a heavy onus lies upon the party so asserting. This much is clear.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13309730\charrsid3414745 3.4\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid413995\charrsid3414745 Even, it has been said, in some circumstances \lquote 
regardless of whether one can identify a right in the strict sense or a legitimate expectation, the requirements of procedural fairness must be observed \'85\rquote : }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid413995\charrsid3414745 
Haoucher v. Minister for Immigration & Ethnic Affairs }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid413995\charrsid3414745 [1990] HCA 22;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid413995\charrsid3414745 
(1990) 169 CLR 648 (7 June 1990), at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13309730\charrsid3414745 para }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13309730\charrsid3414745 [2]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid413995\charrsid3414745 
, per Deane, J. 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4551500\charrsid9259220 4.\tab \lquote Management or Operational\rquote  in Other Jurisdictions?
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9259220 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4551500\charrsid3414745 I turn first to decision in jurisdictions elsewhere, namely Australia and the United Kingdom, then once again rev}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 
iew the decisions of this Court and the United Kingdom authorities upon which they rely.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4551500\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16608401\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4551500\charrsid3414745 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16608401\charrsid3414745 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4551500\charrsid3414745 1}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16608401\charrsid3414745 \tab }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749794\charrsid3414745 (a)\tab Australia}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13987660\charrsid3414745  \endash  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1594958\charrsid3414745 General}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749794\charrsid3414745 : }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 The issue was addressed in }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 Re Roland Warwick Sellars v. Sir Col}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7995984\charrsid3414745 i}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 
n Woods and Alex Robert Bunt }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 [1982] FAC}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1594958\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 281;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 (1982) 69 FLR 105 (23 December 1982), an employment transfer case. The Court said:
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 In objecting to the competency of the application for review the respondents contended that this Court has no jurisdiction under the }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 1977 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11737690\charrsid3414745 [}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11737690\charrsid3414745 ADJR }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11737690\charrsid3414745 Act] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 because
 the decision to transfer was not a decision of an administrative character \'85}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par In contending that the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 decision}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745  was not of an administrative character, counsel for the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 respondents}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745  did not attempt to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 characterise}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745  the decision as }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 being}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 legislative}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745  or judicial in nature. He put his submission on the basis that although of an }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 administrative}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 character}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745  it was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 not}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745  of }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 that}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745  class of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 decision}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745  which Parliament }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 intended}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745  to be canvasse
d by the review provisions. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 
It was, he said, organisational in character and was not of the necessary degree of significance to constitute a reviewable decision. In my opinion, the decision was administrative in character, and it is nothing to the point to
 contend that it was of the type necessarily made on a number of occasions each day in the course of performance of routine functions of the Police Force \'85}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16608401\charrsid3414745 : at 8}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4551500\charrsid3414745 4.2\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 The Court then referred to }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 Burns v. Austra}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 l}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 ian}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 National Uni}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 v}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 er}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 s}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 ity }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 (}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 1981-82) 40 ALR 707 where Ellicott, J. said:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 The word \lquote admini}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 st}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 rative\rquote  carries with it the not}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 io}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 n of \lquote managing\rquote , \lquote ex}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 c}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 u}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 ting\rquote  or \lquote car}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 r}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 ying into effect\rquote . The administration of an enterp}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 ri}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 
se or undertaking whether a business, a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 gove}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 r}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 nment depar}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 men}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 , a statutory authority or educational ins}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 t}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 itution such as a Uni}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 v}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 er}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 ity, inevitably involves de}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 c}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 ions a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745  to the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 ap}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 pointment or dismissal of officers and other employees. Such decisions are, in}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 my view, admin}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 is}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 
trative in character. They are an essential part of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 managing, running or administering the enterp}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 ise or undertaking: at 713
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11023760\charrsid3414745 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11023760\charrsid3414745 3}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 In }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 Sellars v. Woods and Bunt}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 the Court }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10243606\charrsid3414745 concluded}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745  that the decision to transfer Mr Sellars to altern}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 
ive duties was clearly \lquote admini}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745 trative in character\rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 : at 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1323756\charrsid3414745  
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11023760\charrsid3414745 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11023760\charrsid3414745 4}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 In the upshot, Mr Sellars did not succeed in clai}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 m}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 ing judicial re}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 v}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 i}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 ew}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745  jurisdiction not because o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 f}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745  the \lquote managerial\rquote  or \lquote operational\rquote  contention, but because the decision was made by reference to \lquote 
the engagement into which [he] had entered as a member of the P}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 olice}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745  Force\rquote . Nam}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 ly, this was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 held to be }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 a contract he had entered by taking and subscribing the oath}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 . U}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 pon the basis of }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 Green v. The Queen }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 
(1891) 17 VLR 329 the Court said }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 this constituted }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 a \lquote unilateral contract [which] implies no corre}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 pon}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14377529\charrsid3414745 d}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 ing obligation on the part of the Crown to retain the member in the service\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16075934\charrsid3414745 : at 10}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11023760\charrsid3414745 4.5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2256653\charrsid3414745 \tab }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11737690\charrsid3414745 
Aronson, Dyer and Groves on Judicial Review of Administrative Action }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11737690\charrsid3414745 address th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7749794\charrsid3414745 e \lquote managerial or operational\rquote 
 vs \lquote administrative\rquote  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11737690\charrsid3414745 contention, too.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2256653\charrsid3414745 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10243606 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\fs20\super\insrsid1120746\charrsid10243606 \chftn }{
\fs20\insrsid1120746\charrsid10243606  }{\b\i\fs20\insrsid1120746\charrsid12746645 Aronson, Dyer and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname City}}Groves{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} on Judicial Review of Administrative Action}
{\fs20\insrsid1120746\charrsid10243606 , Thomson Regulatory/Law Book, {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname City}}Sydney{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose}, 3}{\fs20\super\insrsid1120746\charrsid10243606 rd}{
\fs20\insrsid1120746\charrsid10243606  Edn, 2004, pp. 87-88.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11737690\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid550024\charrsid3414745 First, they o}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11737690\charrsid3414745 bserv}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid550024\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11737690\charrsid3414745  that the Federal Court of Australia has set ab
out reading the term \lquote of an administrative character\rquote  (employed in the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11737690\charrsid3414745 ADJR Act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11737690\charrsid3414745 ) \lquote 
as widely as possible\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5515779\charrsid3414745  with the only antithesis being \lquote legislative\rquote  and \lquote judicial\rquote  decisions which are not, of course, susceptible to judicial review. }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2256653\charrsid3414745 They }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid550024\charrsid3414745 then }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2256653\charrsid3414745 go on to point out that there are \lquote 
many cases, but very few attempts at defining \'93administrative\'94\rquote . They cite }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2256653\charrsid3414745 Evans v. Friemann }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2256653\charrsid3414745 
(1981) 35 ALR 428 where Fox, ACJ said it \lquote is possible to become too theoretical about the defin}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8801283\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2256653\charrsid3414745 tion\rquote 
: at 435, and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10243606\charrsid3414745 observed }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2256653\charrsid3414745 the warning by Ellicott, J. against attempting \lquote a comprehensive definition\rquote : }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2256653\charrsid3414745 Burns v. Aust}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13196150\charrsid3414745 ra}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2256653\charrsid3414745 lian National Univer}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13196150\charrsid3414745 s}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2256653\charrsid3414745 ity }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2256653\charrsid3414745 (1982) 40 ALR 707, at 714}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13566903\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2256653\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11023760\charrsid3414745 4.6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2256653\charrsid3414745 In }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2256653\charrsid3414745 Federal Airports }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5590619\charrsid3414745 Corp. v. Aerolinas Argentines }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5590619\charrsid3414745 
(1997) 147 ALR 649 the Full Court of the Federal Court said:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2256653\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5590619\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5590619\charrsid3414745 If there is a
nything that the authorities make plain .. it is that general tests will frequently provide no clear answer. It is, after all, not difficult to point to authority which supports the proposition that a decision which imposes obligations and is of general o
peration may nevertheless be administrative or executive \'85 There is no escape, in my view, from the need to examine closely the particular provisions and the particular circumstances: at 657, per Lehane, J.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12613319\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11023760\charrsid3414745 4.7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745 The breadth of decisions in relation to which
 judicial review applies, and the capacities and offices of decision-makers to whom it applies}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745 
, indicates the readiness of courts to bring administrative, bureaucratic and public service decision-making within the purview of judicial review. }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8801283\charrsid3414745 Aronson, Dyer and Groves}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8801283\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 list the range of cases, by reference to authority, characterised as admin}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 t}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 ra}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 ive for judicial review, including:
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls35\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 failing an examinee and refusing to return the script;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}royal commission decisions and rulings regarding summoning of witnesses;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}taking of evidence and scope of the inquiry;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}magistrate rulings at commi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 t}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 tal hearings;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}a Minister\rquote s refusal to alter the tariff classification of a specific item (although reclassification would be legislative;}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls34\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 a Fam}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 ly Court Deputy Registrar\rquote s refus
al to tax a bill of costs, but not the High Court Regis}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 rar\rquote 
s referral to a justice of the question whether proposed originating process would constitute an abuse of process;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}the High Court Registrar\rquote s n}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 o}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 n-discretionary de}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 i}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 ion striking off a practitioner;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}the refusal to renew a motor v}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 e}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 hic}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 l}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 e\rquote s registration, wh}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 re the motor v}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 e}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 hi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 le registrar deci}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 , but not where the magistrate decides on appeal;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}Min}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 i}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 sterial deportation orders;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 d}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 eterminations refusing or reducing Medicare claims by service providers;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 teps taken by gov}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 er}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 nmen}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745  as a li}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 ti}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 gant;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}At}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 t}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 ney G}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 eneral}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 \rquote s consent to the in}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 titu}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 ion of c}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 im}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 i}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 nal p}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 ro}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 ceedings;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10253439\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10253439\charrsid3414745 de}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 po}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10253439\charrsid3414745 r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 tation deci}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10253439\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 ions;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}magistrate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10253439\charrsid3414745 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 s deci}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10253439\charrsid3414745 si}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 ons on an a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10253439\charrsid3414745 p}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 pli}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10253439\charrsid3414745 c}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 ation by a child for permission to marry before turning 18 y}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10253439\charrsid3414745 e}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 ars;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}Admin}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10253439\charrsid3414745 i}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 strative }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10253439\charrsid3414745 Appeals }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 Tribunal }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 (AAT) decisions;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 employment de}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10904698\charrsid3414745 ision}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 s.}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10253439\charrsid3414745 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10253439 
\fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\fs20\super\insrsid1120746\charrsid10253439 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid1120746\charrsid10253439  }{\b\i\fs20\insrsid1120746\charrsid6035890 Aronson, Dyer and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}
{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname City}}Groves{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} on Judicial Review of Administrative Action}{\fs20\insrsid1120746 , pp. 68-69. On employment, citing }{\b\i\fs20\insrsid1120746 Hamblin v. Duffy }{\fs20\insrsid1120746 
(1981) 34 ALR 333 (promotion);  }{\b\i\fs20\insrsid1120746 Sellars v. Woods }{\fs20\insrsid1120746 (1982) 45 ALR 113 (transfer);  }{\b\i\fs20\insrsid1120746 Burns v. Australian National University }{\fs20\insrsid1120746 (1982) ALR 707 (dismissal).}}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13787241\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11023760\charrsid3414745 4.8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4025917\charrsid3414745 \tab Explicitly addressing }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10778766\charrsid3414745 the notion of \lquote 
managerial\rquote  or \lquote operational\rquote  decisions }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid550024\charrsid3414745 as}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10778766\charrsid3414745  outside the ambit of judicial review, }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10778766\charrsid3414745 Aronson, Dyer and Groves}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10778766\charrsid3414745  observe: \lquote \'85 some Queensland prison cases have ominously proposed }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid550024\charrsid3414745 \'93}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10778766\charrsid3414745 managerial}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid550024\charrsid3414745 \'94}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10778766\charrsid3414745  as a third antithesis\rquote  (in addition to legislative and judicial) ousting judicial review.}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10778766\charrsid3414745 \chftn {\footnote 
\pard\plain \qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid10778766 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\fs20\super\insrsid1120746\charrsid10778766 \chftn }{
\fs20\insrsid1120746\charrsid10778766  }{\b\i\fs20\insrsid1120746\charrsid10778766 Aronson, Dyer and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname City}}Groves{\*\xmlclose}{\*\xmlclose} on Judicial Review of Administrative Action}
{\fs20\insrsid1120746 , p. 67.}{\fs20\insrsid1120746\charrsid10778766 
\par }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10778766\charrsid3414745  They go on to say, however:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10778766\charrsid3414745 These cases can be read down, because they allow for the possibility of }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12345338\charrsid3414745 review of a managerial decision made in bad faith. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5707351\charrsid3414745 
Therefore, they may have intended to indicate that managerial decisions are constrained }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6104981\charrsid3414745 by}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5707351\charrsid3414745 
 fewer administrative law principles than would apply to administrative decisions. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12345338\charrsid3414745 It is submitted that the \lquote managerial\rquote  antithesis is ill-advised and unnecessary. }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5707351\charrsid3414745 Further}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12345338\charrsid3414745 , it sits poorly with the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5707351\charrsid3414745 generally}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12345338\charrsid3414745  held view that a large part of an \lquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5707351\charrsid3414745 administrative}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12345338\charrsid3414745 
\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5707351\charrsid3414745  job is to \lquote manage\rquote : p. 67, fn 381}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10778766\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5707351\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11023760\charrsid3414745 4.9}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10553540\charrsid3414745 \tab }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1594958\charrsid3414745 (b)\tab Australia \endash 
 Queensland Supreme Court: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8797126\charrsid3414745 Because }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14225835\charrsid3414745 the notion that a \lquote managerial\rquote  or \lquote operational\rquote 
 function can be quarantined from judicial review is at the heart of the Respondents\rquote  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid550024\charrsid3414745 submissions}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14225835\charrsid3414745 , it }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid481737\charrsid3414745 is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5782464\charrsid3414745 as well to observe the nature of the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid550024\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5782464\charrsid3414745 Queensland prison cases. Every one of them involved the same applicant. There were }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8198983\charrsid3414745 no fewer than }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid738054\charrsid3414745 eight (one case }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid550024\charrsid3414745 including }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid738054\charrsid3414745 three }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid550024\charrsid3414745 \endash  these were }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid738054\charrsid3414745 sep}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid550024\charrsid3414745 a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid738054\charrsid3414745 rate applications, the Court dealing with them together \lquote since there is some common history\rquote )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid550024\charrsid3414745 . }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8085114\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11023760\charrsid3414745 4.10\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8085114\charrsid3414745 Commencing }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8198983\charrsid3414745 in 1999 and r}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8085114\charrsid3414745 unning}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid550024\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8198983\charrsid3414745 through to 2002}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8085114\charrsid3414745 , t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6436880\charrsid3414745 he}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4858482\charrsid3414745  applications }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6436880\charrsid3414745 involved, variously:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5707351\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6436880\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6061697\charrsid3414745 1.\tab }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11273692\charrsid3414745 Bartz v. Department of Corrective Services }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11273692\charrsid3414745 [2002] QC 56 (19 March 2002)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9259220 

\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6436880\charrsid3414745 Conditions placed upon the removal of tattoos (requested by Mr Bartz) by the Queensl}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11273692\charrsid3414745 a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6436880\charrsid3414745 nd Prison Service and at its expense, those conditions being:
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6436880\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid550024\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls36\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid9259220 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid550024\charrsid3414745 n}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6436880\charrsid3414745 o measures would be implemented until two years prior to Mr Bartz\rquote s earliest due release date;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid550024\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid550024\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6436880\charrsid3414745 
he tattoos from Mr Bartz\rquote s face would be removed, and no others;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6436880\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}Mr Bartz would be required to make a contribution toward the costs involved as he was see}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4858482\charrsid3414745 k}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6436880\charrsid3414745 ing private medical consultations.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9259220 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9058608\charrsid3414745 Held susceptible to judicial review. Application failed. Reference to \lquote managerial\rquote  decisions \endash  see later.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4805195\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9058608\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6061697\charrsid3414745 2.\tab }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9788339\charrsid3414745 Bartz v. Department of Corrective Services }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9788339\charrsid3414745 [2001] QSC 392 (12 October 2001)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9788339 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid9259220 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9259220 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9788339\charrsid3414745 A refusal to provide reasons for a decision not to consider Mr Bartz to be a fulltime student at Lotus Glen Farm}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907633\charrsid3414745 ,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9788339\charrsid3414745  in that role not to undertake any employment in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid550024\charrsid3414745 (as Mr Bartz said) }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9788339\charrsid3414745 \lquote pointless\rquote  occupations such as working in the fruitshed which \lquote would be of no use in his rehabilitation and leave him with insufficient time for study\rquote .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6436880\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9058608\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9058608\charrsid3414745 Held decision \lquote of a managerial kind\rquote  not susceptibl
e to review \endash  see later.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10778766\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9058608\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2508617\charrsid3414745 3.\tab }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11749123\charrsid3414745 Bartz v. Chief Executive, Departm}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907633\charrsid3414745 e}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11749123\charrsid3414745 
nt of Corrective Services }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11749123\charrsid3414745 [2001] QSC 222 (28 June 2001)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid550024\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11749123 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852933\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3236629\charrsid3414745 Mr Bartz sought review of \lquote both the decision and conduct of [the Chief Executive] that defaulted [Mr Bartz]\rquote s security rating to a medi
um security classification and refused placement in open security accommodation, namely open security accommodation at Lotus Glen Correction Centre \'85\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5907633\charrsid3414745  T}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3236629\charrsid3414745 he sentence management review document contained the following record:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11749123\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3236629\charrsid3414745 
\par Having regard to the fact that the Supreme Court on 29 September 2000, set aside the delegate\rquote 
s classification decision of 28 January 2000, I advise that the delegate has now considered your security classification afresh. I advise that after viewing all relevant material a decision was 
med on 26 October. That you are to be classified as a medium security prisoner and remain at Lotus Glen Correctional Centre.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3236629\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4805195\charrsid3414745 Held susceptible to judicial review}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4858482\charrsid3414745 . A}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4805195\charrsid3414745 pplication failed.

\par 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2508617\charrsid3414745 4.\tab }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4135723\charrsid3414745 Bartz v. Dept of Corrective Services }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4135723\charrsid3414745 
[2001] QSC 87 (20 March 2001)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3236629\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852933 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4135723\charrsid3414745 Mr Bartz sought an additional statement of reasons for the decision by the Chief }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4589581\charrsid3414745 Executive}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4135723\charrsid3414745  in relation to Mr Bartz\rquote s request for assistance in having tattoos removed, the question being whether the statement }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4858482\charrsid3414745 
already provided }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4135723\charrsid3414745 contained adequate particulars of the reasons for the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4589581\charrsid3414745 decision}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4135723\charrsid3414745 .
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4135723\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5049620\charrsid3414745 Held susceptible to judicial review. Sufficient reasons provided. Application failed.
\par 
\par }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2508617\charrsid3414745 5.\tab }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4135723\charrsid3414745 Bartz v. Departmen}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7229986\charrsid3414745 t}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4135723\charrsid3414745  of Corrective Services }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4135723\charrsid3414745 [2000] QSC 336 (29 September 2000)
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852933 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5049620\charrsid3414745 Of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid738054\charrsid3414745 three }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10244529\charrsid3414745 applications}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid738054\charrsid3414745 , two principally }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5049620\charrsid3414745 sought }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid738054\charrsid3414745 declarations, the third a }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10244529\charrsid3414745 Statutory}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid738054\charrsid3414745  Order of Review}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5049620\charrsid3414745 : }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10244529\charrsid3414745 \lquote In sum, the applications raise issues concerning security classification of prisoners under section 13 of the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10244529\charrsid3414745 
Corrective Services Regulation }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10244529\charrsid3414745 1989 (Qld), and authorisation for taking body samples under section 48 of the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10244529\charrsid3414745 
Corrective Services Act }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10244529\charrsid3414745 1988 (Qld).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9658660\charrsid3414745 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10244529\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid738054\charrsid3414745 They involved a failure to apply the Regulation and Act requiring }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10244529\charrsid3414745 six}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid738054\charrsid3414745  monthly reviews of prisoner }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10244529\charrsid3414745 classifications}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid738054\charrsid3414745 , Mr Bartz\rquote 
s position being that this failure meant reviews carried out at greater intervals were }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10244529\charrsid3414745 invalid}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid738054\charrsid3414745 . T}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10244529\charrsid3414745 
he Court recognised resource limitations underpinning the failure to comply with the six month requirement. Mr Bartz also sought a declaration that any person not a medical officer, registered nurse or legally qualified medical practitioner sh
ould not be entitled to order urine sampling. The relevant provisions in any event required samples to be taken only by those qualified personnel.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4135723\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852933 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9658660\charrsid3414745 Held susceptible to judicial review. Applications for declarations failed. Application for Statutory Order of Review succeed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4858482\charrsid3414745 
ed as}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9658660\charrsid3414745  \lquote there was in two respects a failure to take relevant considerations into account\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4858482\charrsid3414745 ,}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9658660\charrsid3414745  it following that the \lquote delegate\rquote s decision must be set aside and referred }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4858482\charrsid3414745 [back] }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9658660\charrsid3414745 to him for further consideration\rquote : at 16.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid738054\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \fi720\li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9658660\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2508617\charrsid3414745 6.\tab }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8280600\charrsid3414745 Bartz v. Qld Corrective Services Commission }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8280600\charrsid3414745 [1999] QSC 237 (4 October 1999)
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852933 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8280600\charrsid3414745 A decision to transfer Mr Bartz involuntarily from one correctional facility to another, Mr Bartz stating he was aggrieved by the decision \lquote 
because the transfer was involuntary and because it resulted in reduced access to educational and other facilities and delayed his progression through the security classification system\rquote 
. Upon the date of the hearing, Mr Bartz was being held at the Borallon Correction Centre}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3218529\charrsid3414745 . He s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8280600\charrsid3414745 
aid he did not wish to be returned to Townsville, but wanted relevant documents, etc removed from his file. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3218529\charrsid3414745 His transfer from Townsville had been effected because he }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8280600\charrsid3414745 had an \lquote obsessional fixation\rquote  on a psychologist working at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3218529\charrsid3414745 Townsville }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8280600\charrsid3414745 facility}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3218529\charrsid3414745 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8280600\charrsid3414745 a major factor influencing her decision to accept
 the position}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3218529\charrsid3414745  being }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8280600\charrsid3414745 \lquote the assurance that [Mr] Bartz would have no contact with her\rquote .
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852933 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3218529\charrsid3414745 Held susceptible to judicial review. Application dismissed. Reference to \lquote managerial decisions\rquote  \endash  see later.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8280600\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3218529\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11023760\charrsid3414745 4.11\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2949130\charrsid3414745 As observed, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8809417\charrsid3414745 the majority of }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2508617\charrsid3414745 Mr Bartz}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2949130\charrsid3414745 \rquote s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2508617\charrsid3414745 applications }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2949130\charrsid3414745 were }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2508617\charrsid3414745 classed as susceptible to judicial review}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8809417\charrsid3414745 . The \lquote 
managerial decisions\rquote  rubric was both limited and qualified.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10045242\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11023760\charrsid3414745 4.12\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3808018\charrsid3414745 To determine whether these decisions can }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10045242\charrsid3414745 provide 
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3808018\charrsid3414745 support }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10045242\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3808018\charrsid3414745 o the Respondents\rquote  proposition }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10045242\charrsid3414745 in the present application, namely }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3808018\charrsid3414745 that the transfer of a teacher by the Ministry of Education is \lquote managerial\rquote 
 or \lquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10045242\charrsid3414745 operational\rquote  so outside the scope of administrative review I }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2949130\charrsid3414745 turn then to the references to \lquote 
managerial\rquote  in the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8809417\charrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8809417\charrsid3414745 Bartz cases}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2949130\charrsid3414745 .
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11023760\charrsid3414745 4.13\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3808018\charrsid3414745 In }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3808018\charrsid3414745 Bartz v. Departmen}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1188345\charrsid3414745 t}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3808018\charrsid3414745  of Corrective Services }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3808018\charrsid3414745 [2002] QSC 56 (19 March 2002)
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1188345\charrsid3414745 , involving the Department\rquote s decision as to placing conditions on the removal of Mr Bartz\rquote s tattoos, the Queensland Supreme Court devoted a section to the question, \lquote 
Was the Decision a Managerial Decision?\rquote  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4095207\charrsid3414745 First, the Court concluded as unsustainable }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1188345\charrsid3414745 
the contention that the decision was sole}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745 l}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1188345\charrsid3414745 y a contractual one and hence not judicially reviewable}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4095207\charrsid3414745 . The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1188345\charrsid3414745 Court }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4095207\charrsid3414745 then }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745 determined }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4095207\charrsid3414745 on the \lquote managerial\rquote  issue}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1188345\charrsid3414745 :
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745 It is therefore necessary to consider the respondent\rquote 
s argument that \'85 it was not a decision to which the [Judicial Review] Act applies, because it was a purely managerial decision, which the Courts will not review, except on the grounds of bad faith: }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745 McEvoy v.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745 Lobban }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745 [2004] QCA 68;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745 [1990] Qd R 235, at 236, 241;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745 Re Walker }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745 [1993] 2 Qd R 345, at 349;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745 Abbott v. Chief Executive, Department of Corrective Services}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745 
, SC No 9096 of 2000, 21.12.00 at }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745 [27]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745 ;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745 Masters v. Chief Executive, Department of Corrective Services}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745 , SC No. 4827 of 2000, 2.3.00 at}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745  paras}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745 [14]-[16]}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745 .
\par 
\par It is necessary to determine whether 
or not the impugned decision involved the exercise of a statutory power which deprived the applicant of a right, interest or legitimate expectation of a benefit so that the exercise of power is reviewable as falling within the category described by Mason 
J. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8809417\charrsid3414745 \'85 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745 in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745 Kiao v. West }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745 [1985] HCA 81;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745 (1985) 159 CLR 550, at 582.
\par 
\par It was submitted by the respondent that the decision was one not to loan money to the applicant to pay for the tattoo removal, or not to permit it until two years prior to release, and that that was a purely managerial decision.
\par 
\par As mentioned, I consider that that artificially restricts the nature of the decision in question. What the applicant was seeking was assistance with tattoo removal because of a number of specified reasons. Such assist
ance also broached the issue of funding. The respondent\rquote s decision involved a determination as to whether}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745 
the treatment in respect of which assistance was sought was necessary for the welfare of the applicant and if not, what support or assistance could b
e given for treatment of a cosmetic nature. In my opinion, the decision therefore involved the exercise of a power in respect of statutory rights or benefits concerning the applicant\rquote s welfare and therefore was not of a purely managerial nature: at
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745  paras }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745 [25]-[28]
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11023760\charrsid3414745 4.14\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745 Hence, not only did the Court classify the decision in question as covered by judicial review, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4095207\charrsid3414745 but }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745 the Court was explicit as to the limited scope of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4095207\charrsid3414745 a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16722737\charrsid3414745  proposition that a decision\rquote s being \lquote managerial\rquote  casts it outside judicial review. Such decisions are not wholly quarantined: they will be judicially reviewable }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033030\charrsid3414745 on the grounds of bad faith}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033030\charrsid3414745 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315187\charrsid3414745 The \lquote managerial
\rquote  decisions proposition is, thus, not }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8809417\charrsid3414745 an answer. If it is to be called upon, it is not incontrovertible;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8809417\charrsid3414745 nor is it l}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2315187\charrsid3414745 imitless. 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11023760\charrsid3414745 4.15\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6119435\charrsid3414745 The two cases where }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745 the \lquote managerial
\rquote  nature of the decision was employed to oust judicial review are instructive. In }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745 each}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745 
, the Court employed the lack of \lquote legitimate expectation\rquote  as the basis for its determination.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8859267\charrsid3414745  In each, the Court restricted its decision to the issue of }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8859267\charrsid3414745 prisoners and prison management}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8664569\charrsid3414745  and}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8859267\charrsid3414745 
 decision-making}{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8859267\charrsid3414745 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8859267\charrsid3414745 Even then, the \lquote bad faith\rquote  qualification was again invoked.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496244\charrsid3414745  The cases do not stand for a proposition that \lquote managerial\rquote  and/or \lquote operational\rquote  decisions are outside judicial review.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6119435\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5734022\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11023760\charrsid3414745 4.16\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745 In }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745 Bartz v. Departmen}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745 t}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745  of Corrective Services }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745 
[2001] QSC 392 (12 October 2001) Mr Bartz relied upon the pro}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745 po}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745 tion that section 18(b) of the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745 Corrective Services (Ad
}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745 m}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745 inistration) Act }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745 1988 obli}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745 g}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745 ed the Departmen}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745 t}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745  of Correc}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745 ive Ser}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745 v}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745 c}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745 es to \lquote re}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745 pect [his] desire to 
be assisted to be integrated back into the community when granted parole or}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745 at the expiration of his sentence by employ}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745 ing }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745 [him] in the posit}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745 i}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745 on of full-t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745 me s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745 ud}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745 e}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745 nt}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745  t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745 o acquire suitable skills\rquote 
. In correspondence with the D}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745 epartment, Mr Bartz }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745 said he \lquote has 
insufficient time to engage in other employment within }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745 prison system\rquote : at para}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745 [16]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745 

\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11023760\charrsid3414745 4.17\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745 Section 18}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11563309\charrsid3414745 (b)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745  of the Corrective Services (Administration) Act says:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745 Subject to the Minister, the chief executive \endash 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745 (a)\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11563309\charrsid3414745 \'85}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par (b)\tab shall develop and administer ser
vices and programs for the purposes of assisting prisoners to be absorbed into the community and to assist and encourage them to acquire such skills as may be necessary or desirable for their integration with the community upon their release from prison;}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11563309\charrsid3414745  \'85}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14165341\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14223638\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11023760\charrsid3414745 4.18\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304264\charrsid3414745 The Department contended that the decision not to employ Mr Bartz \lquote as he would wish\rquote  was \lquote 
a managerial decision about prisoners and not one which the courts will review\rquote . Listing the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8664569\charrsid3414745 four }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304264\charrsid3414745 
cases later referred to in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304264\charrsid3414745 Bartz v. Department of Corrective Services }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304264\charrsid3414745 [2002] QSC 56 (19 March 2002) \endash  namely }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304264\charrsid3414745 McEvoy v.Lobban }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304264\charrsid3414745 [2004] QCA 68;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304264\charrsid3414745 [1990] Qd R 235, at 236, 241;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304264\charrsid3414745 Re Walker }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304264\charrsid3414745 [1993] 2 Qd R 345, at 349;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304264\charrsid3414745 
Abbott v. Chief Executive, Department of Corrective Services}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304264\charrsid3414745 , SC No 9096 of 2000, 21.12.00 at }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304264\charrsid3414745 [27]}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304264\charrsid3414745 ;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304264\charrsid3414745 Masters v. Chief Executive, Department of Corrective Services}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304264\charrsid3414745 , SC No. 4827 of 2000, 2.3.00, the Court said this was}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8859267\charrsid3414745 :
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8859267\charrsid3414745 
\par \'85 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304264\charrsid3414745 a long line of decisions to the effect that courts will not review decisions pertaining to the management of prisons and prisoners unless bad faith is shown to be present \'85
. No element of bad faith is alleged\rquote : at para }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304264\charrsid3414745 [17]
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13304264\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11023760\charrsid3414745 4.19\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16403186\charrsid3414745 The Court went on to observe that section 18(b):
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16403186\charrsid3414745 \'85
 does not grant [Mr Bartz] any entitlement and there could be no relevant expectation that he would be employed as a full-time student at the Lotus Glen Farm of the kind envisaged in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16403186\charrsid3414745 
Kioa v. West }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16403186\charrsid3414745 [1985] HCA 81;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16403186\charrsid3414745 (1985) 159 CLR 550}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3681964\charrsid3414745  (18 December 1985)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16403186\charrsid3414745 , see }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16403186\charrsid3414745 Flynn v. The King }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16403186\charrsid3414745 [1949] HCA 38;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16403186\charrsid3414745 
(1949) 79 CLR 1, per Latham CJ at 5-6 and Dixon J. at 7. It is not for the prisoner alone to decide what is best for him in terms of rehabilitation which binds the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8859267\charrsid3414745 [Department]}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16403186\charrsid3414745 . The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8859267\charrsid3414745 [Department] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16403186\charrsid3414745 
must undertake an assessment, both of the individual in general, his place at a particular institution and the gener}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8859267\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16403186\charrsid3414745 
l management of all prisoners }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8859267\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16403186\charrsid3414745 nd staff in the institution.
\par 
\par Permission to engage in full-time study and to be remunerated for it is a privilege. The privileges which pertain to prisoners do }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8859267\charrsid3414745 n}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16403186\charrsid3414745 ot impose correlative duties upon the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8859267\charrsid3414745 m}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16403186\charrsid3414745 anager of a prison, }
{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16403186\charrsid3414745 Grey v. Hamburger }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16403186\charrsid3414745 [19993] 1 Qd R 595.
\par 
\par It follows that \'85 the decision not to employ the applicant as a full-time student at the Lotus Glen Farm is a decision of a managerial kind which the courts will not review: at paras }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16403186\charrsid3414745 
[18]-20]
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16403186\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11023760\charrsid3414745 4.20\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8664569\charrsid3414745 Earlier, i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033030\charrsid3414745 n }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033030\charrsid3414745 Bartz v. Qld Corrective Services Commission }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033030\charrsid3414745 [1999] QSC 237 (4 October 1999) the classification of a decision as \lquote 
managerial\rquote  was linked to whether there is a \lquote right, interest or legitimate expectation\rquote  affected. That was the application involving transfer of Mr Bartz from Townsville by reason of
 safety concerns for a staff member of the facility. 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11023760\charrsid3414745 4.21\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033030\charrsid3414745 Transfer of prisoners in Queensland is covered by section 2 of the }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033030\charrsid3414745 Corrective Services Act }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033030\charrsid3414745 1988 (Qld):
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033030\charrsid3414745 Transfer of prisoners
\par 
\par 69.\tab (2)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033030\charrsid3414745 \tab Subject to the provisions of the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033030\charrsid3414745 Mental Health Act }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033030\charrsid3414745 1974, the commission may, by instrument and subject to such conditions as it thinks fit, order the transfer of a prisoner from 1 institution to another.
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033030\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}}\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls28\ilvl4\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033030\charrsid3414745 An instrument made under subsection (2) shall be I the prescribed form and shall specify \endash 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033030\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033030\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls37\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033030\charrsid3414745 the person or class of person who will have control of the prisoner during the transfer; 
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033030\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033030\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (b)\tab}}\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls37\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033030\charrsid3414745 the place to which and the purpose and period for which the prisoner is to be transferred;
\par }\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033030\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033030\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (c)\tab}}\pard \ql \li2160\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls37\adjustright\rin0\lin2160\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6033030\charrsid3414745 any other conditions to which the transfer is subject.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7683048\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11023760\charrsid3414745 4.22\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8664569\charrsid3414745 In adverting to the principle of \lquote legitimate expectation\rquote , the C}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7683048\charrsid3414745 ourt cit}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8664569\charrsid3414745 ed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7683048\charrsid3414745  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7683048\charrsid3414745 Re Walker }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7683048\charrsid3414745 [1993] 2 Qd R 345:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7683048\charrsid3414745 
The real question raised by the proceedings is whether or not the impugned decisions involved the exercise of a statutory power which deprived the applicant of a benefit or privilege 
which he had a legitimate expectation of obtaining or continuing to enjoy, without according him procedural fairness. (cf }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7683048\charrsid3414745 Kioa v. West }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7683048\charrsid3414745 [1985] HCA 81;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7683048\charrsid3414745 (1985) 159 CLR 550;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7683048\charrsid3414745 Haoucher v. Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7683048\charrsid3414745 [1990] HCA 22;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7683048\charrsid3414745 (1990) 169 CLR 648;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7683048\charrsid3414745 and }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7683048\charrsid3414745 Annetts v. McCann }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7683048\charrsid3414745 [1990] HCA 57;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7683048\charrsid3414745 (1990) 170 CLR 596}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7683048\charrsid3414745 : at 348-49, per Williams, J.
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4.23}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12466903\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6119435\charrsid3414745 The Court observed that the decision in question was one \lquote to effect an emergency transfer of a prisoner in order to maintain prison security and discipline\rquote 
, with evidence available to justify its making:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6119435\charrsid3414745 at}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6119435\charrsid3414745  [16]
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6119435\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4.24}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6119435\charrsid3414745 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 Mr Bartz}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12198041\charrsid3414745 , said the Court,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745  had no \lquote right, interest or legitimate expectation \'85 affected by the de}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12466903\charrsid3414745 c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 ision\rquote :}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1139352\charrsid3414745 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid1139352 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\super\insrsid1120746 \chftn }{\insrsid1120746 
 There may be reason for pause at this assertion (and here see }{\b\i\insrsid1120746 Aronson, Dyer and Groves on Judicial Review of Administrative Action}{\insrsid1120746 , p. 67) however, for the purposes of the present analysis I set out the }{
\b\i\insrsid1120746 Bartz }{\insrsid1120746 decisions as they stand \endash  affirming as they do the firm qualification of \lquote bad faith\rquote  providing a basis for judicial review even where the Court, as here, has said Mr Bartz had \lquote 
no interest \'85, etc\rquote . }}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7683048\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 He had no specific benefit }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12466903\charrsid3414745 clearly }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 conferred by statute which was affected. He submitted that his progres}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12466903\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 ion through the security classi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12466903\charrsid3414745 f}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12466903\charrsid3414745 c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12466903\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 ion system (as to which see }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 Corrective Services Regul}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12466903\charrsid3414745 a}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 tions }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 
1989, s. 13) had been delayed. In fact his classification was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12466903\charrsid3414745 n}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 ot elevated as a result of the transfer and there was re}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12466903\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 lly no eviden}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12466903\charrsid3414745 c}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 e as to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12466903\charrsid3414745 w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 h}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12466903\charrsid3414745 et}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 her it had been delayed. But be that as it may, he had}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12466903\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 no legitimate expectation that it would not be altered. Insofar as he suggested that the transfer may in the future have an adverse effect on his entitlement to be considered eligible for paro
le, I resp}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12466903\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 ct}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12466903\charrsid3414745 f}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 ully adopt what Fryber}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12466903\charrsid3414745 g}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 , J. said in }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 Graveson v. Queenslan}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12466903\charrsid3414745 d}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745  Corrective Services Com}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12466903\charrsid3414745 m}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 ission }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 (unreported, 4 June 1998):}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852933\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 The transfer decision, like the decision to segrega}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12466903\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 e prisoners referred to in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 McEvoy v. Lobban }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 [2004] QCA 68;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 [1990] 2 Qd R
 235 is much more of a managerial decision than a decision which has a relevance to a man\rquote s freedom on parole.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 In }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12466903\charrsid3414745 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 hort, this was not a deci}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12466903\charrsid3414745 si}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 on which woul}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12466903\charrsid3414745 d }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 affect a right, interest or legitimate expectation and so}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12466903\charrsid3414745  
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 not a decision to which the rules of natural justice were a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12466903\charrsid3414745 p}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 pli}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12466903\charrsid3414745 c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 able \'85: at }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4401005\charrsid3414745 [12]
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12466903\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4.25\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3677832\charrsid3414745 Hence, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8664569\charrsid3414745 
on the authority of the Queensland Supreme Court decisions,}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8664569\charrsid3414745 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8664569 \fs24\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\fs20\super\insrsid1120746\charrsid6757345 \chftn }{\fs20\insrsid1120746\charrsid6757345 
 There is no Australian High Court support for the Queensland position}{\fs20\insrsid1120746  if seen as distinguishing \lquote administrative\rquote  from operational or managerial and hence not subject to judicial review}{
\fs20\insrsid1120746\charrsid6757345 . See also the strong reservations expressed in  }{\b\i\fs20\insrsid1120746\charrsid6757345 Aronson, Dyer and {\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname place}}{\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname City}}Groves{\*\xmlclose}
{\*\xmlclose} on Judicial Review of Administrative Action}{\fs20\insrsid1120746\charrsid6757345 , p. 67.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8664569\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3677832\charrsid3414745 if the \lquote 
managerial\rquote  decisions-outside-judicial-review submission of the Respondents here is to be accepted, it should nonetheless be \lquote caught\rquote  were there a \lquote bad faith\rquote  contention.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8664569\charrsid3414745  Furthermore, it is unlikely that public servants, including teachers, would see a parallel between their position vis-\'e0-vis their employer, and those of persons serving prison terms vis-
\'e0-vis managers of the prison service or corrections, so that the transfer of a teacher from one school or posting to another is equivalent to, regarded in the same light, and governed by the same \lquote managerial dictum\rquote 
 as the transfer of a prisoner from one facility to another, particularly in the circumstances as existing in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8664569\charrsid3414745 Bartz}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8664569\charrsid3414745 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3677832\charrsid3414745  
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1188345\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4.26\tab }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13987660\charrsid3414745 (}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8085114\charrsid3414745 c}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13987660\charrsid3414745 )\tab Australia}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13122394\charrsid3414745  - }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13987660\charrsid3414745 High Court:}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8861721\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16392654\charrsid3414745 The Australian High Court has }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5924464\charrsid3414745 not limited }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16392654\charrsid3414745 its approach to judicial review}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5924464\charrsid3414745  by introducing a \lquote managerial\rquote  or \lquote operational\rquote 
 dictum. Its decisions }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8085114\charrsid3414745 exemplify }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5924464\charrsid3414745 a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16392654\charrsid3414745 firm commit}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5924464\charrsid3414745 ment }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16392654\charrsid3414745 to the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5924464\charrsid3414745  notion}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16392654\charrsid3414745  that the right to natural justice cannot be eliminated from public sector administration }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11496244\charrsid3414745 \lquote 
affecting rights, interests and legitimate expectations\rquote  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5924464\charrsid3414745 unless }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8085114\charrsid3414745 unequivocally excluded by}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5924464\charrsid3414745  statute}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1529080\charrsid3414745 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5924464\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4.27\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16392654\charrsid3414745 As Mason, J. said in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16392654\charrsid3414745 Kioa v. West }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16392654\charrsid3414745 [1985] HCA 81;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16392654\charrsid3414745 (1985) 159 CLR 550}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9194568\charrsid3414745  (18 December 1985)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16392654\charrsid3414745 , the law in respect of adm}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302598\charrsid3414745 i}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16392654\charrsid3414745 ni}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2302598\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16392654\charrsid3414745 trative decisions:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16392654\charrsid3414745 \'85 has now developed to a point wh}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4420016\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16392654\charrsid3414745 re it may be accepted that there is a co}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4420016\charrsid3414745 m}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16392654\charrsid3414745 mo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4420016\charrsid3414745 n}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16392654\charrsid3414745  law duty to act fairly, in }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4420016\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16392654\charrsid3414745 h}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4420016\charrsid3414745 e}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16392654\charrsid3414745  sense of according procedural fairness, i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1529080\charrsid3414745 n}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16392654\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4420016\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16392654\charrsid3414745 h}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4420016\charrsid3414745 e}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16392654\charrsid3414745  making of ad}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4420016\charrsid3414745 m}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16392654\charrsid3414745 ini}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4420016\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16392654\charrsid3414745 trative }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4420016\charrsid3414745 d}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16392654\charrsid3414745 eci}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4420016\charrsid3414745 si}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16392654\charrsid3414745 
ons which affect rights, interests and legitimate expectations, subject only to the cl}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4420016\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16392654\charrsid3414745 
ar manifestation of statutory intention: at 584
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16392654\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4.28\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12198041\charrsid3414745 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7085047\charrsid3414745 here are limits: }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12198041\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7085047\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7085047\charrsid3414745 to be reviewable, a decision must be one that \lquote directly affects the person \'85 individually and not simply as a member of the public or a class of the public\rquote : }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7085047\charrsid3414745 Salemi v. MacKellar (No. 2) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7085047\charrsid3414745 [1977] HCA 26;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7085047\charrsid3414745 (1977) 137 CLR 396 (11 May 1977), at 452, per Jacobs, J.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12198041\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12198041\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12198041\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls39\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12198041\charrsid3414745 h}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8327854\charrsid3414745 ow procedural fairness is to be applied depends upon the circumstances of the particular case. }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12198041\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12198041\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4.29\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8327854\charrsid3414745 However, o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7085047\charrsid3414745 nce a person is \lquote 
directly affected\rquote  \lquote individually and not simply as a member of the public or a class of the public\rquote , then the principle (later restated by Mason, J.) applies}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13786883\charrsid3414745  to }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1911365\charrsid3414745 the decisions of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13786883\charrsid3414745 public sector and executive government decision-makers}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7085047\charrsid3414745 : }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13647355\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8327854\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13647355\charrsid3414745 
It is not a question whether [the particular provision] manifests a positive intention that the Minister, in taking action under [it], will act in accordance with the principles of natural justice}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8327854\charrsid3414745  \'85 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13647355\charrsid3414745 The question is wheth
er the legislature has manifested an intention to negate the necessity in any circumstances for the Minister, in taking action }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8327854\charrsid3414745 \'85}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13647355\charrsid3414745 , to observe the principles of natural justice. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8327854\charrsid3414745 [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 With}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8327854\charrsid3414745 ] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13647355\charrsid3414745 statutory provisions it is always a matter of discovering the intention o
f the legislature. But that does not carry us very far}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13532372\charrsid3414745 : at 451}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13647355\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13532372\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13532372\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4.30\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13532372\charrsid3414745 Passing to the \lquote circumstances of the case\rquote , Jacobs, J. noted that the legislature \lquote \'85 }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13647355\charrsid3414745 is assumed by the courts to be aware of the principles of natural justice which are a part of the common law}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13532372\charrsid3414745 \rquote 
. How those principles are applied is dependent upon the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13647355\charrsid3414745 circumstances of the case}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13532372\charrsid3414745 :
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13647355\charrsid3414745 It is seldom possible to say in the case of the exercise of }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5444129\charrsid3414745 any particular statutory power \lquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13647355\charrsid3414745 All the principles which have ever been applied in ensuring natural jus
tice will here apply}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5444129\charrsid3414745 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13647355\charrsid3414745  or on the other hand }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5444129\charrsid3414745 \lquote }
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13647355\charrsid3414745 Natural justice was intended to be wholly excluded}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5444129\charrsid3414745 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13647355\charrsid3414745 
. The questions which must be asked are - in particular circumstances such as exist in this case did the legislature intend that the principles of natural justice should be wholly excluded? If not, what particular 
principles should be applied? I recognize that the search for legislative intention can be described as somewhat artificial. What the courts do in the absence of express legislative intention is to ensur
e that power, whether it be judicial or quasi-judicial or executive, be exercised fairly, weighing the interests of the individual and the interests of society as a whole}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5444129\charrsid3414745 : at }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13647355\charrsid3414745 451
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7085047\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4.31\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8482593\charrsid3414745 Again in 1990, the High Court of Australia }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1911365\charrsid3414745 
affirmed }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8482593\charrsid3414745 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1911365\charrsid3414745 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8482593\charrsid3414745 irection of ad
ministrative review: rather than contracting so as to deny judicial review, recognis}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1669377\charrsid3414745 ing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8482593\charrsid3414745  both the individual\rquote 
s right to procedural fairness in decision-making affecting directly her or him, and the responsibility of public sector decision-makers to embrace procedural fairness in the making of those decisions. }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1669377\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4.32\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8482593\charrsid3414745 In }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8482593\charrsid3414745 Annetts }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437097\charrsid3414745 v. McCann}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8482593\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8482593\charrsid3414745 
[1990] HCA 57, (1990) 170 CLR 596 (20 December 1990), Mason, CJ, Deane and McHugh JJ. said:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7085047\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8482593\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15949864\charrsid3414745 \'85 the critical question in the present case is not whether \lquote 
the rules of natural justice require an extension of the rights expressly conferred upon the (appellants) by the \'85 Act\rquote  \'85 It is whether the terms of the \'85 Act \'85
 display a legislative intention to exclude the rules of natural justice and in particular the common law right of the appellants to be heard in opposition to any potential finding which would prejudice their interests \'85}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8482593\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par In determining whether this Act has excluded the rules of natural justice, two considerations need to be kept in mind. }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8482593\charrsid3414745 The first is }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15949864\charrsid3414745 that many interests}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8482593\charrsid3414745 
 are now protected by the rules of natural justice which less than 30 years ago would not have fallen }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15949864\charrsid3414745 within}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8482593\charrsid3414745 
 the scope of that }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15949864\charrsid3414745 doctrine\rquote s}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8482593\charrsid3414745  protection. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15949864\charrsid3414745 
Thus, it was not until 1969 that the common law rules of natural justice were extended to the protection of legitimate expectations: see }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15949864\charrsid3414745 Haoucher }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15949864\charrsid3414745 \'85}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8352682\charrsid3414745 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid8352682 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\super\insrsid1120746 \chftn }{\insrsid1120746  The expression \lquote 
legitimate expectation\rquote  was first used in }{\b\i\insrsid1120746 Schmidt v. Secretary of State for Home Affairs }{\insrsid1120746 (1969) 2 Ch 149, at 170 \lquote 
to indicate that an interest less than a right may nevertheless warrant the protection of the rules of natural justice or, as it is now more commonly called, procedural fairness\rquote : }{\b\i\insrsid1120746 
Haoucher v. Minister for Immigration & Ethnic Affairs }{\insrsid1120746 [1990] HCA 22;  (1990) 169 CLR 648 (7 June 1999), per Dawson, J. at para }{\b\insrsid1120746\charrsid8352682 [12]}{\insrsid1120746\charrsid8352682  }}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15949864\charrsid3414745  It was even later that the common law rules of natural justice were held to apply to public inquiries whose findings of their own force could not affect a person\rquote 
s legal rights or obligations \'85: at paras }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15949864\charrsid3414745 [3]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15949864\charrsid3414745 ,}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15949864\charrsid3414745  [5]
}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1529080\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1529080\charrsid3414745 (Emph}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1529080\charrsid3414745 sis added)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8482593\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13647355\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4.33\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5864033\charrsid3414745 In }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5864033\charrsid3414745 
Haoucher v. Minister for Immigration & Ethnic Affairs }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5864033\charrsid3414745 [1990] HCA 22;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5864033\charrsid3414745 
(1990) 169 CLR 648 (7 June 1990), Deane, J.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344878\charrsid3414745  said: 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344878\charrsid3414745 
Regardless of whether one can identify a right in the strict sense or a legitimate expectation, the requirements of procedural}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1529080\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344878\charrsid3414745 fairness must}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1529080\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344878\charrsid3414745 be observed in any case where, by reference to 
\lquote the particular statutory fram}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1529080\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344878\charrsid3414745 work\rquote  (see }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344878\charrsid3414745 
Mobil }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 Oil}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344878\charrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 Australia}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344878\charrsid3414745  Pty Ltd v. Federal Commissioner of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344878\charrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344878\charrsid3414745 Taxation}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344878\charrsid3414745  [1963] HCA 41;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344878\charrsid3414745 (1963) 113 CLR 475, at 504) it is proper to discern a 
legislative intent that the donee of governmental executive power or authority}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1529080\charrsid3414745  should }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8344878\charrsid3414745 be bound by them. }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1529080\charrsid3414745 There is a strong presumption of }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 such}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1529080\charrsid3414745 
 a legislative intent in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13532372\charrsid3414745 a}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1529080\charrsid3414745 ny case where a statute }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 confers}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1529080\charrsid3414745  on one person a power or authority adversely and directly to affect the rights, interests, status or }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 legitimate}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1529080\charrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 expectations of}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1529080\charrsid3414745  a real or artificial person or entity in an }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 individual}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1529080\charrsid3414745  capacity (as }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 distinct}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1529080\charrsid3414745  from }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 merely}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1529080\charrsid3414745  as a member of a }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 section}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1529080\charrsid3414745  of the general public).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1529080\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 
The rationale of that strong presumption is to be found not so much in sophisticated principle as in ordinary notions of what is fair and just}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10376974\charrsid3414745 : at para }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10376974\charrsid3414745 [2]
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10376974\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10376974\charrsid3414745 Recognising \lquote an o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 bligation to observe procedural fairness}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10376974\charrsid3414745 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745  does not }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10376974\charrsid3414745 mean that \lquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 a body of rigid procedural rules }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10376974\charrsid3414745 \'85}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 
 must be observed regardless of circumstances}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10376974\charrsid3414745 \rquote . The precise content of the obligation \lquote varies }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 
to reflect the common law\rquote s perception of what is necessary for procedural fairness in the circumstances of the particular case}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10376974\charrsid3414745 \rquote . Sometimes, this will require \lquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 nothing less than a full and unbiased hearing of each affected individual\rquote s case}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10376974\charrsid3414745 \rquote . }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1529080\charrsid3414745 In other }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 circumstances}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1529080\charrsid3414745 , }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10376974\charrsid3414745 \lquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1529080\charrsid3414745 something less may suffice}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10376974\charrsid3414745 \rquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13309730\charrsid3414745 : at para }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13309730\charrsid3414745 [2]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10376974\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13309730\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 5\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10376974\charrsid3414745 This means that procedural fairness will not always require \lquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 
each person affected be accorded an effective opportunity of being personally heard before a decision is made}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10376974\charrsid3414745 \rquote . However, it does require that }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 the decision-maker }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10376974\charrsid3414745 \lquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 
be, and appear to be, personally unbiased}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10376974\charrsid3414745 \rquote :
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794216\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 
Indeed, the law seems to me to be moving towards a conceptually more satisfying position where common law requirements
 of procedural fairness will, in the absence of a clear contrary legislative intent, be recognized as applying generally to governmental executive decision-making}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745  (cf }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 Halsbury\rquote s Laws of England}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 , 4th ed (1989), vol 1(1), para 85) and where the question whet
her the particular decision affects the rights, interests, status of legitimate expectations of a person in his or her individual capacity is relevant to the ascertainment of the practical content, if any, of those requirements in the circumstances of a p
articular case and of the standing of a particular individual to attack the validity of the particular decision in those circumstances: at par}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16073399\charrsid3414745 a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745  }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3829122\charrsid3414745 [2]}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10951592\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10951592\charrsid3414745 (Emphasis added)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5864033\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1529080\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 3}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 6\tab }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8861721\charrsid3414745 (d)\tab United Kingdom}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11879075\charrsid3414745  - General}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8861721\charrsid3414745 : }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 Similarly to Australia, the United Kingdom has increasin
gly recognised the right of persons individually affected by executive government or public body decision-making to access judicial review. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16073399\charrsid3414745 
Rather than a restriction on judicial review, the approach has been to expand access to it. A}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 brief review of }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 authorities}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16073399\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 confirms this}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16073399\charrsid3414745 
, cases ranging from those relating to persons under deportation orders, prisoners claiming remission rights, and unions claiming rights of consultation as to alterations in terms and conditions of employment of staff.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 7\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 In }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 Attorney-General of Hong Kong and N}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16073399\charrsid3414745 g}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745  Yuen Shui }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 [1983] 2 WLR 735 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10553183\charrsid3414745 
(Privy Council, Appeal from the Court of Appeal of Hong Kong, 21 February 1983), }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 the English Privy Council the question was whether, a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9780181\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745  common law, an alien was entitled to \lquote a fair inquiry\rquote  before a re
moval order was made against him, where he had illegally entered and remained in Hong Kong. An official had stated }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9780181\charrsid3414745 publicly }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 
that each case would be \lquote treated on its merits\rquote . The Privy Council addressed the proposition that a person is entitled to a fair hearing before a decision adversely affecting his interests is made by a public official or body, if s/he has a 
\lquote legitimate expectation\rquote  of being accorded such a hearing:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 The ph}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197969\charrsid3414745 r}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 ase \lquote legitimate expe}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197969\charrsid3414745 c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 tation\rquote 
 in this context originated in t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197969\charrsid3414745 he judgment of Lord}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745  Denning MR in }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 Schmidt v. Secretary}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197969\charrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 of State for Home Affairs }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 [1969] 2 Ch 149, at 170. It is in many ways an apt one to express the underlying principle, though it is somewhat lacking in precision. In }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 Salemi v. MacKellar (No. 2) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 (1977) 137 CLR 396, at 404, Barwick CJ construed the word \lquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197969\charrsid3414745 l}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 egitimate\rquote  in that ph}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197969\charrsid3414745 r}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 ase as expressing the c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197969\charrsid3414745 o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 n}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197969\charrsid3414745 c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 ept of \lquote entit}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197969\charrsid3414745 l}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 em}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197969\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 nt or recognition by law\rquote 
. So understood, the express}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16073399\charrsid3414745 ion}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745  (as B}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197969\charrsid3414745 a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 rwick CJ rightly observed) \lquote adds little, if anything, to the concept of a right\rquote . With great respect to Barwick CJ their Lo}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197969\charrsid3414745 r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 dships consider that the word \lquote l}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197969\charrsid3414745 e}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 gitimate\rquote  in that expression falls to be read as meaning \lquote reasonable\rquote . According}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197969\charrsid3414745 l}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 y \lquote legitimate expe}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197969\charrsid3414745 c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 tations\rquote 
 in this context are capable of including expectat}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197969\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 ons which go beyond enfor}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197969\charrsid3414745 ce}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 able legal rights, provided they have some reasonable basis: see }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 Reg. v. Criminal Inj}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197969\charrsid3414745 u}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 ries C}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197969\charrsid3414745 o}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 mpens}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197969\charrsid3414745 a}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 tion Board;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Lain }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 [1967] 2 QB 864. So it was held in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 Reg. v. Board of Vis}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197969\charrsid3414745 it}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 ors of Hull Prison;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 Ex parte St Germain (No. 2) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 [1979] 1 WLR 1041 that a prisoner is entitled to chall}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197969\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 n}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197969\charrsid3414745 g}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 e,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197969\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 
by judicial review, a decision by a prison board of visitors, awar}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197969\charrsid3414745 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 ing him loss of remission }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197969\charrsid3414745 o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 f sentence, although he has no legal right to remission, but only a reasonable expectation of receiving it .. }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12197969\charrsid3414745 : at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10226540\charrsid3414745 739}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9850357\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 8\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9780181\charrsid3414745 Thus, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2950670\charrsid3414745 United Kingdom law affirms }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9780181\charrsid3414745 \lquote 
reasonable expectations\rquote  and \lquote legitimate expectations\rquote  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2950670\charrsid3414745 as }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9780181\charrsid3414745 extending to prisoners }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2950670\charrsid3414745 for}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9780181\charrsid3414745  decisions made within the prison system directly affecting them, where there is no private law right to be pursued, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2950670\charrsid3414745 and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9780181\charrsid3414745 attract}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2950670\charrsid3414745 ing}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9780181\charrsid3414745  judicial review. }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268741\charrsid3414745 Ex parte St Germain (No. 2) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268741\charrsid3414745 
was approved in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268741\charrsid3414745 O\rquote Reilly v. Mackman }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268741\charrsid3414745 [1982] 3 WLR 1096:
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9780181\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268741\charrsid3414745 
It is not, and it could not be, contended that the decision of the board awarding [Mr St Germain] forfeiture of remission had infringed or threatened to infringe any ri
ght [he] derived from private law, whether a common law right or one created by a statute. Under the Prison Rules remission of sentence is not a matter of right but of indulgence. So far as private law is concerned all that each appellant had was a legiti
m
ate expectation, based upon his knowledge of what is the general practice, that he would be granted the maximum remission, permitted by rule 5(2) of the Prison Rules, of one-third of his sentence if by that time no disciplinary award of forfeiture of remi
ssion had been made against him. So the second thing to be noted is that none of the appellants had any remedy in private law. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11357257\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268741\charrsid3414745 In public law, as distinguished from private law, however, such legitimate expectation gave to each appellant a sufficient inter
est to challenge the legality of the adverse disciplinary award made against him by the board on the ground that in one way or another the board in reaching its decision had acted without the powers conferred upon it by the legislation under which it was 
acting;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268741\charrsid3414745 and such grounds would include the board\rquote 
s failure to observe the rules of natural justice: which means no more than to act fairly towards him in carrying out their decision-making process, and I prefer so to put it:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268741\charrsid3414745 at 110-1101, per Lord Diplock
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16073399\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 3}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 9\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16073399\charrsid3414745 In }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16073399\charrsid3414745 Ng Yuen Shui\rquote s case}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16073399\charrsid3414745 , the English Privy Council said further that expec}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 ta}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16073399\charrsid3414745 t}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16073399\charrsid3414745 ons could be based \lquote 
upon some statement or undertaking by, or on behalf of, the public authority which has the duty of mak}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16073399\charrsid3414745 ng the decision, i}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 f}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16073399\charrsid3414745  the authority has, through its officers, acted in a way that would make it unfair or inconsistent with good admini}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16073399\charrsid3414745 tra}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 t}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16073399\charrsid3414745 ion for him to be denied \'85 an inquiry\rquote . The conditional order of prohibition which had been issued by the Court of Appeal was replaced by \lquote the ap}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 p}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16073399\charrsid3414745 r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 o}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16073399\charrsid3414745 priate remedy\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16073399\charrsid3414745 an order of Cer}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16073399\charrsid3414745 iorari to quash the removal order made against Mr Ng. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 
The holding of a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16073399\charrsid3414745  fair inquiry was required}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16073399\charrsid3414745  with Mr Ng }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 b}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16073399\charrsid3414745 eing given an opportunity to \lquote make such repr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 e}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16073399\charrsid3414745 se}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 n}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16073399\charrsid3414745 tations }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16073399\charrsid3414745 s he may see fit as to why he would not be removed\rquote .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268741\charrsid3414745 

\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 0\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 In }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 Council of Civil Service U}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608776\charrsid3414745 n}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 ions and Ors v. M}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608776\charrsid3414745 i}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 nister for the Civil Service }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 [1984] 3 All ER 935;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 
[1985] AC 374 the dispute involved works at the Government C}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608776\charrsid3414745 o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 mm}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608776\charrsid3414745 u}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 ni}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608776\charrsid3414745 c}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 ations Headquarters (GCHQ) a branch of the public service under the F}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608776\charrsid3414745 o}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 reign and C}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608776\charrsid3414745 omm}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 onwe}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608776\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 lth Office, of which, said the Engl}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid608776\charrsid3414745 is}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 h House of Lords:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 \'85 the main functions \'85
 are to ensure the security of the United Kingdom military and official communications, and to provide signals intelligence of the government. These functions are of great importance and they involve handling secret information \'85
 vital to national security. The main establishment of GCHQ is at Cheltenham, where over 4,000 people are employed [with] a number of smaller out-stations, one \'85 at Bude in Cornwall: at 939
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 1\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11142074\charrsid3414745 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7830968\charrsid3414745 he English House of Lords }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11142074\charrsid3414745 
observed that since 1947, when GCHQ was established in the form now existing:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11142074\charrsid3414745 \'85
 all staff employed there have been permitted, and indeed encouraged, to belong to national trade unions, and most of them did so. Six unions were represented at GCH}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 Q}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11142074\charrsid3414745  \'85 [T]here
 was a well-established practice of consultation between the official side and the trade union side about all important alterations in the terms and conditions of employment of the staff. 
\par 
\par On 25 January 1984 all that was abruptly changed. The Secretary of
 State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs announced in the House of Commons that the government had decided to introduce with immediate effect new conditions of service for staff at GCHQ, the effect of which was that they would no longer be permitted to
 belong to national trade unions but would be permitted to belong only to a departmental staff association approved by the director. The announc}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2628044\charrsid3414745 e}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11142074\charrsid3414745 ment came as a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2628044\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11142074\charrsid3414745 com}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2628044\charrsid3414745 p}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11142074\charrsid3414745 lete surprise to the trade u}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2628044\charrsid3414745 n}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11142074\charrsid3414745 ions and to the employees at GCHQ \'85: at 939
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2628044\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 2\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2628044\charrsid3414745 There having b
een no consultation with the unions, the principal question raised in the appeal was whether the instruction by which the decision received effect was valid and effective or was invalid because there was a procedural obligation on the Minister for the Civ
il Service to \lquote act fairly by consulting the persons concerned before exercising her power under \'85 the [relevant] Order in Council, and she failed to do so\rquote :
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2628044\charrsid3414745 
\par Underlying that question, and logically preceding it, is the question whether the courts, and your Lordships\rquote  House in its judicial capacity, have power to review the instruction on the ground of a procedural irregularity}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661996\charrsid3414745  \'85 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2628044\charrsid3414745 : at 939
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 4}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 3\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661996\charrsid3414745 The English House of Lords observed that the courts had already shown themselves ready to control by way of judicial
 review act}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661996\charrsid3414745 ons of tribunals set up under the prerogative}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 
. This was unremarkable}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661996\charrsid3414745 : }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661996\charrsid3414745 R. v.}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661996\charrsid3414745 C}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 r}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661996\charrsid3414745 i}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 m}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661996\charrsid3414745 inal Injuries }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 C}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661996\charrsid3414745 ompensation Board;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661996\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Lain}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661996\charrsid3414745 here was therefore}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 , they said,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661996\charrsid3414745  \lquote no reason for treating the exercise}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661996\charrsid3414745 of power\rquote  differently if exercised under the royal pre}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661996\charrsid3414745 
ogative or under statute. The question was whether there was a duty to con}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661996\charrsid3414745 u}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 l}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661996\charrsid3414745 t. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661996\charrsid3414745 There was}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745  n}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661996\charrsid3414745 o legal right to prior consultation. However:}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2628044\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661996\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661996\charrsid3414745 \'85. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 
Even where}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 a person claiming some benefit or privilege has no legal right to it, as a matter of 
private law, he may have a legitimate expectation of receiving the benefit or privilege, and, if so, the courts will protect his expectation by judicial review as a matter or public law \'85
 Legitimate, or reasonable, expectation may arise either from an express promise given on behalf of a public authority or from the existence of a regular practice \'85 the claimant can reasonably expect to continue \'85
 Legitimate expectations such as are now under consideration will always related to a benefit or privilege to which the claimant has no right in private law, and it may even be to one which conflicts with his private law rights \'85 : at 940}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1661996\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 5\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 Lord Diplock spelled}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745  the scope of judicial review }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 in this way:

\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 Judicial review .. provides the means by which judicial control of ad}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 m}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 in}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 i}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 
rative action is exercised. The subject matter of every judicial review is a decision made by some person (or body of persons) whom I will call the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745  \lquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 decis}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 on-maker\rquote  or e}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 l}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 se a refusal by him to make a decision.
\par 
\par To qualify as a subject for judicial review the decision must have conse}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 q}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 u}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 
nces which affect some person (or body of persons) other than the decision-maker, although it may affect him too. It must affect such other person either (b) by altering rights or obliga}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 t}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 ions of that person wh}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 ic}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 h are enforceabl}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745  by or against him in private law or (b) by depriving him of some benefit or advantage which either (i) he has in the}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 past been permitted by the deci}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 si}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 on-maker to enjoy and which he can legitimately expect to be permitted to continue to do until there has be}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 e}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 n communicated to him some rational ground for withdrawing it on which he has b}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 e}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 en given an opportunity to co}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 m}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 ment or (ii) he h}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 s received assurance from the deci}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 si}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 on-maker will not be withdrawn without giving him first an opp}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 r
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 unity of advancing reasons for conten}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 d}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 ing that they should not be withdr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 
wn. (I prefer to continue to call the kind of expectation that qualifies a decision for}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 including in class (b) a \lquote 
legitim}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 te expectation\rquote  rather than a \lquote reasonable expec}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 ta}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 tion\rquote , in order thereby to indicate th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 t it has consequences to which effect will be given in public law, wh}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 e}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 reas an expectation or hope that some benefit or advantage would}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 continue to be enjoyed, although it might well be entertained by a \lquote rea}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 on}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 ble\rquote  man, would}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 not necessarily have such consequences}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745  \'85 }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 \lquote Reason}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 ble\rquote 
 furthermore bears different meanings according to whether the context in which it is being used is that or private law or of public law. To eliminate confusion it is be}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 t avoided in the latter.)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3225879\charrsid3414745 : at 945}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 6\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5915\charrsid3414745 Further, he said, for a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 decision to be susceptible to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 judicial review the decision-maker }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5915\charrsid3414745 \lquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 
must be empowered by public law (and not merely, as in arbi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 ration, by agreement betwe}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 n}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 private p}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 rties) to make decisions that, if validly made, will }
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 l}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 ead to administrative action or abstention from}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 action by an authority endowed by law with ex}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 cu}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 ive powers, which have one or other of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 consequences }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 me}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 ntioned }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 in the pre}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 d}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 ing p}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 ragraph}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5915\charrsid3414745 \rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3225879\charrsid3414745 : at 945}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340066\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 7\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 Lord Diplock }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340066\charrsid3414745 further observed that the \lquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 
ultimate source of the decision-making power}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340066\charrsid3414745 \rquote  today nearly always lies in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 
a statute or subordinate legislation made under th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 e }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 statute}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340066\charrsid3414745 
. Nonetheless, where there is no }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 statute regulating the subject matter}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 of the deci}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 si}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 on }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340066\charrsid3414745 \lquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 the source of the deci}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 si}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 on-making power may still be the common law itself, ie that part of the common law that is given by lawyers the label of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340066\charrsid3414745 \'93}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 the prerogative}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340066\charrsid3414745 \'94\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 . }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745 This too is susceptible to judicial review}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340066\charrsid3414745 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6847735\charrsid3414745  at 950
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 8\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1861948\charrsid3414745 In the upshot the unions lost their appeal: but this was on the basis of }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1861948\charrsid3414745 national security }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1861948\charrsid3414745 whic
h, the English House of Lords said, was a matter better determined by executive government, it having all the requisite information, than by the courts. Again, however, there was no notion of \lquote managerial\rquote  or \lquote operational\rquote  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13631788\charrsid3414745 decision-making to be distinguish from \lquote administrative\rquote 
 decision-making so as to take it outside judicial review. Rather, there was again the recognition of the development and expansion of judicial review, not its contraction. Lord Diplock went so far as to suggest a further ground upon w
hich judicial review could be brought, namely \lquote proportionality\rquote  \endash  to be added to \lquote illegality\rquote , \lquote irrationality\rquote  and \lquote procedural impropriety\rquote : at 950}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid421045\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1861948\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640193\charrsid3414745 4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640193\charrsid3414745 9\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid71088\charrsid3414745 In }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid71088\charrsid3414745 R. v. Secretary}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11887685\charrsid3414745  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid71088\charrsid3414745 of State for}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11887685\charrsid3414745  t}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid71088\charrsid3414745 he Home Depar}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11887685\charrsid3414745 t}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid71088\charrsid3414745 m}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11887685\charrsid3414745 e}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid71088\charrsid3414745 nt;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid71088\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Doody }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid71088\charrsid3414745 [1994] 1 AC 531, Mustill, LJ}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640193\charrsid3414745  set out six principles distilled from the authorities, providing guidance }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15864058\charrsid3414745 on}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640193\charrsid3414745  when procedural fairness was indicated, a guide for judicial review jurisdiction:
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640193\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls41\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640193\charrsid3414745 Where an Act of Parliament confers an administrative power there is a presumption that it will be exercised in a manner fair in all the circumstances;
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640193\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls40\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640193\charrsid3414745 The standards of fairness are not immutable: they may change with the passage of time, both in the general and in their applications to decisions of a particular type;
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640193\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls40\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640193\charrsid3414745 The principles of fairness are not 
to be applied by rote identically in every situation: what fairness demands is dependent upon the context of the decision and this is to be taken into account in all its aspects;
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640193\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls40\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640193\charrsid3414745 An essential feature of the context is the statute which creates the discret
ion, as regards both its language and the shape of the legal and administrative system with which the decision is taken;
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls40\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 F}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640193\charrsid3414745 
airness will very often require that a person who may be adversely affected by the decision will have an opportunity to make represen
tations on his own behalf either before the decision is taken on with a view to producing a favourable result, or after it is taken, with a view of procuring its modification, or both;
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640193\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls40\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640193\charrsid3414745 Since the person affected usually cannot make worthwhile representations without knowing what factors may weigh against his inter}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9915384\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640193\charrsid3414745 sts fairness will very often require that he be informed of the gist of the case he has to answer.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid71088\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9915384\charrsid3414745 4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9915384\charrsid3414745 0\tab T}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12258227\charrsid3414745 he United Kingdom authorities echo the Australian authorities in recognising that attempts to make \lquote blanket\rquote 
 determinations as to what will and what will not be amenable to judicial review is impossible. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9915384\charrsid3414745 In }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9915384\charrsid3414745 
R. v. Derbyshire County Council;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9915384\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Noble }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9915384\charrsid3414745 
[1990] ICR 808, Woolf, LJ said:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9915384\charrsid3414745 Unfortunately in my view there is no universal test which
 will be applicable to all circumstances which will indicate clearly and beyond peradventure as to when judicial review is or is not available. It is a situation where the courts have, over the years, by decision in individual cases, indicates the approxi
mate divide between those cases which are appropriate to be de}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16341784\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9915384\charrsid3414745 
lt with by judicial review and those cases which are suitable dealt with in ordinary civil proceedings: at 814E
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9915384\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16341784\charrsid3414745 4.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16341784\charrsid3414745 1\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9915384\charrsid3414745 What is clear, however, is the broad scope of the jurisdiction and the reluctance of the courts to truncate it.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16341784\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12258227\charrsid3414745 Hence, in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12258227\charrsid3414745 R. }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 v}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12258227\charrsid3414745 . Pan}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9915384\charrsid3414745 e}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12258227\charrsid3414745 l on Take-overs and Mergers;}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12258227\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Datafin PLC }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12258227\charrsid3414745 
[1987] QB 815, Sir John Donaldson, MR concluded:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12258227\charrsid3414745 
In all the reports it is possible to find enumerations of factors giving rise to the jurisdiction, but it is a fatal error to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9915384\charrsid3414745  re}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12258227\charrsid3414745 ga}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9915384\charrsid3414745 r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12258227\charrsid3414745 d the presence of all those facto}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9915384\charrsid3414745 r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12258227\charrsid3414745 s as essential or as being ex}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9915384\charrsid3414745 c}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12258227\charrsid3414745 lusive of other factors. Possibly the only essential}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9915384\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12258227\charrsid3414745 e}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9915384\charrsid3414745 l}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12258227\charrsid3414745 ements are what can be described as a public element, which can take many different forms, and the exclusion from the ju}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9915384\charrsid3414745 r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12258227\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9915384\charrsid3414745 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12258227\charrsid3414745 dic}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9915384\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12258227\charrsid3414745 
ion of bodies whose sole source of power is a consensual submission to its juri}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9915384\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12258227\charrsid3414745 diction: at 838E
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12258227\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid5852933 5.\tab \lquote Management or Operational\rquote  \endash  Cases Relied Upon
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852933 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 For the proposition that \lquote operational\rquote  and/or \lquote management\rquote  decisions are outside judi
cial review, the Respondents rely upon a number of decisions here and, effectively, from the United Kingdom.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 
\par 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11879075\charrsid3414745 (}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 a}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11879075\charrsid3414745 )\tab United Kingdom \endash 
 Cases Relied Upon: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11879075\charrsid3414745 U}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10705819\charrsid3414745 nited Kingdom cases }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15339199\charrsid3414745 are limited in }
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15339199\charrsid3414745 support they m}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 ight }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15339199\charrsid3414745 provide to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3810634\charrsid3414745 the Respondents}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15339199\charrsid3414745 \rquote  reliance upon a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3810634\charrsid3414745  \lquote managerial\rquote  or \lquote operational\rquote  distinction. Rather, those authorities oust judicial review because }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 of the following factors or a combination of them: 
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3810634\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls45\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3810634\charrsid3414745 the applicant\rquote s recourse was t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340066\charrsid3414745 hrough private, not public, law}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 ;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340066\charrsid3414745 or }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 

\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}applicants }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340066\charrsid3414745 had not pursued alternati
ve remedies available and open to them}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4137121\charrsid3414745 ;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4137121\charrsid3414745 or }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4137121\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4137121\charrsid3414745 \lquote national security\rquote  is in issue, as in }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4137121\charrsid3414745 Council of Civil Service Unions and Ors v. Minister for the Civil Service }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4137121\charrsid3414745 [1984] 3 All ER 935;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4137121\charrsid3414745 [1985] AC 374}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340066\charrsid3414745 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15339199\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4137121\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4137121\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14572274\charrsid3414745 5.2\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15339199\charrsid3414745 In the case where \lquote operational\rquote  is referred to, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3805851\charrsid3414745 it }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15339199\charrsid3414745 is entirely distinguishable from the present.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340066\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14572274\charrsid3414745 5.3\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340066\charrsid3414745 I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3810634\charrsid3414745 n }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3810634\charrsid3414745 Regina v. East Berkshire Health Authority;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3810634\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Walsh }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3810634\charrsid3414745 [1985] QB 152}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666518\charrsid3414745 ;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666518\charrsid3414745 (1984) 3 A}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 ll}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4666518\charrsid3414745  ER 425, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3810634\charrsid3414745 the English Court of Appeal held the claim to be properly a matter of private, not public, law}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13461097\charrsid3414745 . The case}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745  effectively }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13461097\charrsid3414745 hung upon}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7936330\charrsid3414745 :
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls46\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 whether there }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 was an alternative remedy \endash  and it was held there was, the industrial jurisdiction}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10640193\charrsid3414745 ; and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7936330\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 whether there was }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13461097\charrsid3414745 \lquote public\rquote  element }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 - }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13461097\charrsid3414745 and it was held there was not}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 , b}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 
ecause the applicant, Mr Walsh, was subject to jointly negotiated contractual conditions. It was an \lquote enterprise agreement\rquote  situation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13461097\charrsid3414745 . }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7936330\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7936330\charrsid3414745 
\par 5.4\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 Even then, there were circumstances contemplated which could, had they been present, have precipitated judicial review coverage.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13461097\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14572274\charrsid3414745 5.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146170\charrsid3414745 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14572274\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13461097\charrsid3414745 Mr Walsh was dismissed on disciplinary grounds. He had two actions on foot: one before the relevant industrial tribunal }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340066\charrsid3414745 
(on the basis of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5188482\charrsid3414745 unfair }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340066\charrsid3414745 dismissal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5188482\charrsid3414745 , and seeking compensation}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340066\charrsid3414745 ) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13461097\charrsid3414745 and the judicial review application}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340066\charrsid3414745 
 (asserting that his employment subsisted}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5188482\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 because }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5188482\charrsid3414745 the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 purported }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5188482\charrsid3414745 dismissal was invalid}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1340066\charrsid3414745 )}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13461097\charrsid3414745 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11879075\charrsid3414745 Sir John Donaldson, MR }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 said:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 I have \'85 to consider whet}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 h}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 er and to what exten}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 t}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745  Mr Walsh\rquote s complaints involve an elem}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 
nt of public law sufficient to a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 r}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 act public law remedies, whether in the form of certiorari or a declar}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 on. That he had the benefit of the general employment legi}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 l}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 tion is clear, but it was not contended that this was suf}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 f}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 ic}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 ie}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 nt to att}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 r}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 act ad}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 m}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 inistra}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 ive law remedies. What is relied on are statutory restrictions}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 on}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 the freedo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 m}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745  of the authority to}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 employ senior and other nursing officers on what terms it thought fit. This restriction is contained in the }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 National Health Ser}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 v}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 ice (Remunera}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 t}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 ion and C}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 o}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 ndit}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 i}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 ons of Service) Re}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 g}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 ulations }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 1976 \'85 which provides:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 
... where conditions of service other than conditions with respect of remuneration, of
 any class of officers have been the subject of negotiations by a negotiating body and have been approved by the Secretary of State after considering the result of those negotiations, the conditions of service of any officers belonging to that class shall
 include the conditions so approved.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6368099\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146170\charrsid3414745 5.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5731559\charrsid3414745 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13394842\charrsid3414745 Senior nursing officers\rquote  conditions of service had been negot}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 i}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13394842\charrsid3414745 ated by the Whitley Council for the H}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 ea}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13394842\charrsid3414745 lth Ser}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 v}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13394842\charrsid3414745 ice (Great Britain). The resultant agreement was approved}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745  
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13394842\charrsid3414745 by the Secretary of State. It }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13394842\charrsid3414745 herefore followed
, said Donaldson MR, that if Mr Walsh\rquote s conditions of service had been different from the approved conditions, an administrative law remedy through judicial review would have been open to him, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 enabling him to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13394842\charrsid3414745 require the authority to am}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 en}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13394842\charrsid3414745 d the terms of service in his contract of employment. This, h}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 o}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13394842\charrsid3414745 wever was not the position}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 .
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146170\charrsid3414745 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5731559\charrsid3414745 7}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13394842\charrsid3414745 Mr Walsh\rquote s complaint w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13394842\charrsid3414745 s that under those conditions of service there w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13394842\charrsid3414745 
s no right to dismiss h}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13394842\charrsid3414745 m and he was thereby entitled to \lquote natural ju}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13394842\charrsid3414745 tice\rquote . However, he had private law rights and it w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14948775\charrsid3414745 a
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13394842\charrsid3414745 s these that ousted an administrative law remedy:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid726171\charrsid3414745 
The ordinary employer is free to act in breach of his contacts of employment and if he does so his employee will acquire certain private law rights and remedies in damages for wrongful dismiss
al, compensation for unfair dismissal, an order for reinstatement or re-engagement and so on. Parliament can underpin the position of public authority employees by directly restricting the freedom of the public authority to dismiss, thus giving the employ
ee \lquote public law\rquote  rights and at least making him a potential candidate for administrative law remedies. Alternatively}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13394842\charrsid3414745 
, it can require the authority to contract with its employees }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid726171\charrsid3414745 on specified}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13394842\charrsid3414745  terms with a view to the employee acquiring 
\lquote private law\rquote  right under the terms of the contract of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid726171\charrsid3414745 emplacement}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13394842\charrsid3414745 . }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid726171\charrsid3414745 If the authority fails or refuses thus to create \lquote private law\rquote ; rights for the employee, the employee will have \lquote public law\rquote 
 rights to compel compliance, the remedy being mandamus requiring the authority so to c
ontract or a declaration that the employee has those rights. If, however, the authority gives the employee the required contractual protection, a breach of that contract is not a matter of public law\rquote 
 and gives rise to no administrative law remedies: at 160
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid726171\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146170\charrsid3414745 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5731559\charrsid3414745 8}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15932417\charrsid3414745 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15432294\charrsid3414745 May, LJ, agreed with Donaldson, MR, saying that both \lquote in the light of the limited relief claimed\rquote 
 (a declaration) by Mr Walsh, and because there was no element of \lquote public\rquote  or \lquote administrative\rquote  law, judicial review was not appropriate: \lquote \'85 there is in my opinion nothing in this case which takes it out of the 
\lquote ordinary\rquote  \'85 employer/employee unfair dismissal dispute, one which could a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5731559\charrsid3414745 n}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15432294\charrsid3414745 
d should long ago have been relatively cheaply determined by an experienced industrial tribunal\rquote .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3830438\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5731559\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146170\charrsid3414745 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 .9\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126691\charrsid3414745 In }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14183663\charrsid3414745 R (on the application of Tucker) v. Director General of the National Crime Squad }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068001\charrsid3414745 [2003] ICR 599;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068001\charrsid3414745 [2003] EWCA Civ 57, CA;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126691\charrsid3414745 (}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068001\charrsid3414745 English Court of App}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126691\charrsid3414745 eal, Civil Division, 17 January }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068001\charrsid3414745 2003}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126691\charrsid3414745 ) the English Court of Appeal said: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068001\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126691\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126691\charrsid3414745 It seems to me that this was an entirely operational decision similar to }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14773521\charrsid3414745 the kinds}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126691\charrsid3414745  of decision that are made with officers up and down the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14773521\charrsid3414745 country}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126691\charrsid3414745  every }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14773521\charrsid3414745 day of the}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126691\charrsid3414745  week. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14773521\charrsid3414745 Examples}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126691\charrsid3414745  are transferring officers form }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14773521\charrsid3414745 uniform}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126691\charrsid3414745  to CID or }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14773521\charrsid3414745 from}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126691\charrsid3414745  traffic to other }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14773521\charrsid3414745 duties. These}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126691\charrsid3414745 , to my }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14773521\charrsid3414745 mind,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126691\charrsid3414745  are run of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14773521\charrsid3414745 the mill}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126691\charrsid3414745  management decisions }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14773521\charrsid3414745 involving}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126691\charrsid3414745 
 deployment of staff or running the force. They }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14773521\charrsid3414745 are decisions}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126691\charrsid3414745  that relate to the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14773521\charrsid3414745 individual officer}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126691\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14773521\charrsid3414745 personally}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126691\charrsid3414745  and have no public element. They }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14773521\charrsid3414745 are}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126691\charrsid3414745 
, if you like, the nuts and bolts }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14773521\charrsid3414745 of operating}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126691\charrsid3414745  a police force, bit it the NCS or any other. It is, in my }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14773521\charrsid3414745 judgment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126691\charrsid3414745 , quite }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14773521\charrsid3414745 inappropriate}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126691\charrsid3414745  for the courts to exercise any supervisory }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14773521\charrsid3414745 jurisdiction}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126691\charrsid3414745 
 over police operational }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14773521\charrsid3414745 decisions}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126691\charrsid3414745  of this kind. There is, quite simply, no public law element to them \'85}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626286\charrsid3414745 : at para }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7626286\charrsid3414745 [32]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745 , per Scott Baker, LJ}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16126691\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068001\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146170\charrsid3414745 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146170\charrsid3414745 1}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12461462\charrsid3414745 0\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3225879\charrsid3414745 F}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646462\charrsid3414745 urther perus}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3225879\charrsid3414745 al of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646462\charrsid3414745 the judgment}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3225879\charrsid3414745  makes it clear, however, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646462\charrsid3414745 that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3225879\charrsid3414745 the restriction is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7096132\charrsid3414745 not c}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646462\charrsid3414745 on}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid536537\charrsid3414745 sistent with }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646462\charrsid3414745 
the notion that a vast range of decisions is being placed outside the purview of judicial review. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7096132\charrsid3414745 Rather, the judgment }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11760108\charrsid3414745 
runs parallel with the decision in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11760108\charrsid3414745 Council of Civil Service Unions and Ors v. Minister for the Civil Service }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11760108\charrsid3414745 
[1984] 3 All ER 935;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11760108\charrsid3414745 [1985] AC 374 where \lquote national security\rquote  was the key, and }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11760108\charrsid3414745 R. v. Secretary of State for the Home Department;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11760108\charrsid3414745 
Ex parte Hosenball }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11760108\charrsid3414745 [1977] 1 WLR 766;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11760108\charrsid3414745 [1977] 3 All ER 452 which i}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7096132\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11760108\charrsid3414745  cite}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7096132\charrsid3414745 d}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11760108\charrsid3414745 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7096132\charrsid3414745 There}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11760108\charrsid3414745 , a United States\rquote 
 citizen was subject to a deportation decision which was held not amenable to judicial review on the ground of national security.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7096132\charrsid3414745 
 Decisions in the public sector cannot be lumped together so that what follows for emergency s
ervices such as police, along with military establishments and prisons applies without consideration of the nature of the operation in question, the particular decision and the circumstances under which and in relation to which it is made.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146170\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11760108\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146170\charrsid3414745 5.11\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646462\charrsid3414745 First, }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7096132\charrsid3414745 Tucker\rquote s case }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646462\charrsid3414745 must be judged on its facts: this is a principle shin}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7096132\charrsid3414745 ing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646462\charrsid3414745 
 out of the whole of the authority on judicial review}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146170\charrsid3414745  from the United Kingdom and Australia}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646462\charrsid3414745 . }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146170\charrsid3414745 Secondly, t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646462\charrsid3414745 he circumstances of the particular case are crucial. It is to the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146170\charrsid3414745 facts and the circumstances }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646462\charrsid3414745 one must turn in order to make any conclusion as to }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1077071\charrsid3414745 any implications that can be drawn from }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646462\charrsid3414745 the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146170\charrsid3414745 above-extra}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13646462\charrsid3414745 cted passage, and what effect or impact it ought to have, if any, on judicial review as a whole.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10310682\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146170\charrsid3414745 5.12\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10310682\charrsid3414745 Mr Tucker was a Detective Inspector in the Derbyshire Constabulary. }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8462820\charrsid3414745 Having joined in 1978, in 1996 he was seconded for five years to the Regional Crime Squad (later the National Crime Squad (\lquote NCS\rquote )). }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146170\charrsid3414745 Secondment required both the seconded officer\rquote s consent and approval of that officer\rquote s chief officer. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8462820\charrsid3414745 
In January 2001 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146170\charrsid3414745 Mr Tucker\rquote s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8462820\charrsid3414745 
secondment was extended to May 2002. On 28 April 2001 his secondment was terminated. He was summarily returned to his local force. In the first instance, it was held that the decision was amenable to judicial review but
 his application failed because the Director General of the NCS \lquote had acted fairly notwithstanding the absence of reasons for the decision and lack of opportunity for [Mr Tucker] to make representations\rquote : at para }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8462820\charrsid3414745 [1]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8462820\charrsid3414745  
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146170\charrsid3414745 5.13\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8462820\charrsid3414745 On appeal:
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8462820\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls44\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8462820\charrsid3414745 was the decision amenable to judicial review;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8462820\charrsid3414745 and
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8462820\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}was their fairness in the process?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10310682\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8462820\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146170\charrsid3414745 5.14\tab \lquote A creature of statute\rquote , the NCS purpose is \lquote the prevention and detection of serious crime \'85 of relevance to more than one police area in England and Wales
\rquote . Under the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146170\charrsid3414745 Police Act }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7146170\charrsid3414745 1997 (UK) officers are appointed \lquote 
on such terms and conditions as the NCS Service Authority considers appropriate\rquote . Throughout any secondment, disciplinary procures relating to the seconded officer, if any, remain the responsibility of the officer\rquote s home force w
hether or not they relate to conduct as an NCS officer.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8462820\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10310682\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437097\charrsid3414745 5.15\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15103643\charrsid3414745 In April 2001 an NCS covert operation \lquote Operation Lancelot\rquote 
 into drug related crime resulted in arrests of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437097\charrsid3414745 then}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15103643\charrsid3414745 
 people, some being officers seconded to the NCS. Two officers had their }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437097\charrsid3414745 secondments termin}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15103643\charrsid3414745 
ated with immediate effect, being returned to their }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5722874\charrsid3414745 home force for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437097\charrsid3414745 disciplinary}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5722874\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437097\charrsid3414745 investigation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5722874\charrsid3414745 . Mr }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437097\charrsid3414745 Tucker\rquote s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5722874\charrsid3414745  secondment }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437097\charrsid3414745 was}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5722874\charrsid3414745  summarily terminated, he was returned to his home force, however, there were no }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437097\charrsid3414745 disciplinary}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5722874\charrsid3414745  implications. He was told that the Deputy Director General of the NCS had, as a result of information, \lquote lost confidence in his management performance and he was being returned to the }
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437097\charrsid3414745 Derbyshire}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5722874\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437097\charrsid3414745 Constabulary}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5722874\charrsid3414745  forthwith\rquote . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437097\charrsid3414745 A notice provided to him reiterated this, but said the lack of confiden
ce was not related to the criminal investigation but to \lquote managerial issues in connection with your duties and conduct whilst a serving member' of the NCS: at para }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3437097\charrsid3414745 [7]}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113248\charrsid3414745 He was confined to clerical duties: at para }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113248\charrsid3414745 [11]}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5722874\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5722874\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5048544\charrsid3414745 5.16\tab Mr Tucker later had it explained
 to him that the decision had been taken, with the prior concurrence of the Director General and on the recommendation of the Management Board, by the Deputy Director General. Having asked for further information, Mr Tucker was told none could be given be
yond that appearing in the notice already provided. A press release \lquote which might have been more felicitously worded\rquote  was issued by the NCS}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794969\charrsid3414745 : at para }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13794969\charrsid3414745 [8] 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5048544\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113248\charrsid3414745 5.17\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5048544\charrsid3414745 Aggrieved by \lquote the insensitive manner in which his secondment was terminated and the resulting asso
ciation in the eyes of colleagues and others with serious allegations against other officers\rquote , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113248\charrsid3414745 and unable to respond to the Deputy Director\rquote s concern \lquote 
without being told the basis of them\rquote  Mr Tucker eventually made application for judicial review. This was preceded by \lquote several weeks of correspondence and meetings\rquote  and a response to his solicitor\rquote 
s letter that the Director General had again reviewed evidence upon which the decision had been made and was satisfied the decision was right. The response accepted secondment to the NCS \lquote was a high status position\rquote  and it was \lquote 
possible his return to [his home] force might have an impact on his career advancement\rquote . It also said:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113248\charrsid3414745 
Legal constraints, after receipt of clear legal advice, prevent the Director General from disclosing the source of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113248\charrsid3414745 
information which led to the Director General\rquote s lack of confidence in the integrity of the claimant as an NCS seconded officer ...
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113248\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113248\charrsid3414745 
The source of the information that the Director General and others were acting upon, as already 
stated, cannot be disclosed. The Director General is however under a general duty to uphold the integrity of the NCS, its officers and the particular operations that they may be involved in: at para }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113248\charrsid3414745 [9]
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113248\charrsid3414745 
\par 5.18\tab Further matters such as public interest immunit
y, operational and confidential integrity of NCS and its operations in both specific and general terms, urgency of the situation, paramount considerations being integrity and security of the NCS, its officers and Operation Lancelot were included.
\par 
\par 5.19\tab A further review in December 2001 resulted in advice to Mr Tucker from the Deputy Chief Constable of the Derbyshire Constabulary:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113248\charrsid3414745 
I was advised that your development needs should encapsulate the skill areas of informant handling and decision making, bearing 
in mind the difficulties surrounding the source of the intelligence. I took the view that it was not appropriate at this stage to take action on your development needs until the results of the judicial review are known. For any development to have value i
t will inevitably encroach into the subject of the judicial review with its attendant difficulties: at para }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113248\charrsid3414745 10]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113248\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113248\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1077071\charrsid3414745 5.20\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3891807\charrsid3414745 
The English Court of Appeal accepted that if the decision were not amenable to judicial review, that ended the matter: Mr Tucker had no alternative remedy. Scott Baker, LJ said:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8792332\charrsid3414745 
The boundary between public law and private law is not capable of precise definition, and whether a decision has a sufficient public law element to justify the intervention of the Administrative Court by judicial rev
iew is often as much a matter of feel, as deciding whether any particular criteria are met. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3891807\charrsid3414745 
There are some cases that fall at or near the boundary where the court rather than saying the claim}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8792332\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3891807\charrsid3414745 is not}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8792332\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3891807\charrsid3414745 amenable to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8792332\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3891807\charrsid3414745 judicial review has expressed a reluctance }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8792332\charrsid3414745 to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3891807\charrsid3414745 
 intervene in the absence of every exceptional circumstances: \'85 }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8792332\charrsid3414745 R. v. British Broadcasting Corporation;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8792332\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Lavell }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8792332\charrsid3414745 [1983] 1 All ER 24}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2888448\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5113248\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799526\charrsid3414745 5.21\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100348\charrsid3414745 He asked: \lquote What are the crucial factors in the present case?\rquote  He then turned to }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100348\charrsid3414745 Leech v. Deputy Governor of Parkhurst Prison }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14100348\charrsid3414745 [1988] AC 533 where it was said that the susceptibility of a decision 
\lquote to the supervision of the courts must depend, in the ultimate analysis, upon the nature and consequences of the decision and not upon the personality or individual circumstances of the person called on to make the decision\rquote 
. This, said Scott Baker, LJ, was \lquote a particularly important matter to keep in mind\rquote  in Mr Tucker\rquote s case.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12019415\charrsid3414745 5.22\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799526\charrsid3414745 Looking at the determination in the court below, Scott Baker, LJ said the conclusion that th
e decision in question was susceptible to judicial review appeared to be based on g}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12019415\charrsid3414745 r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799526\charrsid3414745 ounds that:
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799526\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls47\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799526\charrsid3414745 Mr Tucker had no contract of employment and no private law remedy;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12019415\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12019415\charrsid3414745 t}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799526\charrsid3414745 he NCS was a public body created by s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12019415\charrsid3414745 ta}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799526\charrsid3414745 tute to}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12019415\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799526\charrsid3414745 perform public law functions;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12019415\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12019415\charrsid3414745 t}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799526\charrsid3414745 here were aspects of the decision challenged that were associated with public law functions;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799526\charrsid3414745 and
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12019415\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12019415\charrsid3414745 t}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799526\charrsid3414745 he action taken could affect Mr Tucker\rquote s career or reputation: at para }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799526\charrsid3414745 [17] }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799526\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799526\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15431126\charrsid3414745 5.23\tab Accepting there }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8984140\charrsid3414745 was no dispute that the NCS was a public body and Mr Tucker had no private law remedy}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15431126\charrsid3414745 , he said t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8984140\charrsid3414745 h}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15431126\charrsid3414745 at th}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8984140\charrsid3414745 ese \lquote as a starting point might suggest that the court does have jurisdiction to intervene\rquote . However, it was necessary \lquote 
to look further and focus on what the Deputy Director General \lquote Was doing\rquote  when he made the impugned decision.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7799526\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2888448\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521160\charrsid3414745 5.24\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15423343\charrsid3414745 Scott Baker, LJ distinguished Mr Tucker\rquote s case from }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15423343\charrsid3414745 R. East Berkshire Health Authority;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15423343\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Walsh }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15423343\charrsid3414745 [1985] 1 QB 152 where, as noted, the refusal of judicial review was explicitly upon the basis that Mr Walsh had a private law remedy through the industrial arena. Mr Tucker\rquote 
s case, he said, was \lquote not about dismissal\rquote . The decision did not affect his status as a Detective Inspector. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521160\charrsid3414745 Three factors were }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15423343\charrsid3414745 relevant:
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521160\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls48\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521160\charrsid3414745 w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268984\charrsid3414745 hether}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15423343\charrsid3414745  the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521160\charrsid3414745 NCS}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15423343\charrsid3414745  was a public body exercising statutory }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268984\charrsid3414745 powers;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15423343\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521160\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521160\charrsid3414745 w}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268984\charrsid3414745 hether}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15423343\charrsid3414745  the function }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268984\charrsid3414745 performed}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15423343\charrsid3414745  in exercise of those }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268984\charrsid3414745 powers}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15423343\charrsid3414745  was a public or priv}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268984\charrsid3414745 at}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15423343\charrsid3414745 e one;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521160\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521160\charrsid3414745 w}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15423343\charrsid3414745 hether the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521160\charrsid3414745 NCS}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15423343\charrsid3414745  was performing a pu}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268984\charrsid3414745 b}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15423343\charrsid3414745 li}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268984\charrsid3414745 c}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15423343\charrsid3414745  duty owed to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521160\charrsid3414745 Mr Tucker }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15423343\charrsid3414745 in the particular cir}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268984\charrsid3414745 c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15423343\charrsid3414745 ums}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268984\charrsid3414745 ta}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15423343\charrsid3414745 nces under consi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268984\charrsid3414745 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15423343\charrsid3414745 er}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268984\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15423343\charrsid3414745 tion: at para }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15423343\charrsid3414745 [24] }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15423343\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15423343\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521160\charrsid3414745 5.25\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268984\charrsid3414745 The third criterion he considered as not met, for in se
nding Mr Tucker back to his home force the Deputy Director General was not performing a public duty owed to Mr Tucker. This }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521160\charrsid3414745 was }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268984\charrsid3414745 based upon the proposition that the decision taken in relation to Mr Tucker was \lquote specific to him\rquote .}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16268984\charrsid3414745 \chftn 
{\footnote \pard\plain \s15\ql \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\super\insrsid1120746 \chftn }{\insrsid1120746 
 This part of the decision raises issues that in the present context do not need to be addressed.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2888448\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126562\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521160\charrsid3414745 5.26\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126562\charrsid3414745 At this point Scott Baker, LJ characterises the decision as \lquote operational\rquote  and taken \lquote 
because it }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 was}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126562\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 decided}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126562\charrsid3414745  \'85 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521160\charrsid3414745 [Mr Tucker] }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126562\charrsid3414745 fell short of the particular requirements 
\'85 necessary to work in NCS\rquote  and \lquote had nothing to do}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126562\charrsid3414745 with}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126562\charrsid3414745 his private life \'85:\rquote : at para }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126562\charrsid3414745 [25]}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126562\charrsid3414745 He turned then to three features which, taken together, he con}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 c}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126562\charrsid3414745 luded \lquote put it out with the public law jurisdic}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126562\charrsid3414745 ion
\rquote :
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126562\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls49\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126562\charrsid3414745 the nature of the relationship between the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521160\charrsid3414745  [}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126562\charrsid3414745 
NCS and an officer seconded to it;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126562\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}the National Conditions of Service which governed the employment relationship\rquote 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126562\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}the operational rather than disciplinary nature of the decision.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126562\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521160\charrsid3414745 5.27\tab As to the \lquote nature of the relationship\rquote , h}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 e then said:}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1126562\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 A police officer is in a }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 different}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 position}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745  from other employees. On becoming an officer he forfeits certain advantages, for example the right to strike or bring proceedings for unfair dismissal}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745  He is subject to the di}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 p}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 l}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 ine of his force and has by}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 and large to go where and do what he is told. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9719850\charrsid3414745 
On the other hand he gains certain advantages for example the right to remain in service, health permitting, and to ill health and injury pens}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 i}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9719850\charrsid3414745 ons. Dismissal or other disciplinary punishment is govern}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9719850\charrsid3414745 
d by statutory procedures that are amenable to ju}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9719850\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 ci}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9719850\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 l}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9719850\charrsid3414745  rev}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 ie}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9719850\charrsid3414745 w in the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 e}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9719850\charrsid3414745 vent of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9719850\charrsid3414745 ny breach of}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9719850\charrsid3414745 public law principles,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9719850\charrsid3414745 such}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9719850\charrsid3414745 as fairness.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par When a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 police officer is seconded to the NCS he remains an officer. N}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745  new office is }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 c}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 reated;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 he ret}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 ins his existing rights and obliga}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 t}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 ions. His}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 se}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 on}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 d}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 ment is temporary and he automatically ceases to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 
be a member of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 N}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 CS at the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 e}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 nd of his period of t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 mpo}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 ary service \'85 [D]iscip}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 l}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 inary pro}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 e}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 ures are a matter}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 for his home force. He is in a sense on}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2041708\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 
loan to the NCS: at paras }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 [27]-[28]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3352868\charrsid3414745 5.28\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521160\charrsid3414745 
As to the \lquote conditions of service\rquote , Scott Baker, LJ observed that there was \lquote nothing compulsory\rquote  about Mr Tucker\rquote s secondment. He had applied for it and was accepted:}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13512858\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521160\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521160\charrsid3414745 
Crucially, it was an express condition that exceptionally, the Director General could terminate his secondment without notice \'85 That apart, the secondment was terminable on one month\rquote s notice either way. On any view the Di
rector General was entitled to terminate the secondment on one month\rquote s notice for good reason, bad reason or no reason at all. Thus, putting it at its highest [Mr Tucker\rquote s] complaint can only relate to the summary nature of the termination}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3352868\charrsid3414745 : at para }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3352868\charrsid3414745 [29]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521160\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3352868\charrsid3414745 5.29\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521160\charrsid3414745 
The NCS, he said, \lquote was in any event, exercising a power to which [Mr Tucker] had signed up. Also, the decision involved no change in [Mr Tucker]\rquote 
s status as a police officer, no financial loss to him and no disciplinary allegation against him}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3352868\charrsid3414745 \rquote :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521160\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521160\charrsid3414745 
\par Neither party on the termination of a secondment on a month\rquote 
s notice or summarily by the [NCSA] is required by the conditions to give reasons. This seems to be to be entirely understandable in the light of the nature of the work undertaken by the NCS: at para }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521160\charrsid3414745 [31]
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521160\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745 5.30\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792293\charrsid3414745 As to the \lquote nature of the decision\rquote 
, it was at this point that Scott Baker, LJ made the statement as to \lquote nuts and bolts\rquote  and \lquote operational decision\rquote  quoted earlier. It is as well at this point to return to that statement, for it can now be seen in context, as it 
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16020308\charrsid3414745 must}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792293\charrsid3414745  be seen:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12521160\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792293\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745 
It seems to me that this was an entirely operational decision similar to the kinds of decision that are made with officers up and down the country every day of the week. Examples are transferring officers from uniform to CID or
 from traffic to other duties. These, to my mind, are run of the mill management decisions involving deployment of staff or running the force. They are decisions that relate to the individual officer personally and have no public element. They are, if you
 
like, the nuts and bolts of operating a police force, bit it the NCS or any other. It is, in my judgment, quite inappropriate for the courts to exercise any supervisory jurisdiction over police operational decisions of this kind. There is, quite simply, n
o public law element to them \'85: at para }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745 [32]}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745 , per Scott Baker, LJ
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792293\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745 5.31\tab This case does not, as I have said, assist the Respondents. Just as the Fiji Public }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14352937\charrsid3414745 Service}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745  and Ministry of Education are not to be equated with the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14352937\charrsid3414745 Queensland}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14352937\charrsid3414745 Correctional}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745  Service in making decisions about }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14352937\charrsid3414745 transfer}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745  of inmates in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14352937\charrsid3414745 circumstances}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745  requiring the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14352937\charrsid3414745 utmost}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14352937\charrsid3414745 security}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745 
 and duty of care to their employees, nor are the Fiji Public Service and the Ministry of Education to be equated with the NCS \endash  a police service involved in serious cr
ime and undercover operations. Ms Nair was not on secondment in these circumstances, or any circumstances at all. Ms Nair had not \lquote signed up\rquote  for secondment. Nor had she \lquote signed up\rquote  for termination on a month\rquote 
s notice or summary dismissal. She had not \lquote signed up\rquote  for a situation where no reasons had to be given for a return to a position from which she had been seconded. 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid803062\charrsid3414745 5.32\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745 The decision in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745 Tucker\rquote s case }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745 cannot}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid803062\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745 
be employed to deny Ms Nair judicial review. It is particular to its own facts. It is peculiar to its own circumstances. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16736672\charrsid3414745 
It simply affirms police officers and particularly those on secondment and working in high risk security positions, including undercover operations, as in a category special to those working conditions and contractual arrangements.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid803062\charrsid3414745 5.33\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745 Nor can }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid803062\charrsid3414745 Tucker\rquote s case}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745  be employed to quarantine a realm of \lquote operational\rquote  or}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745 \lquote 
management\rquote  decisions from judicial review. Scott Baker, LJ was both clear and explicit as to the method by which the decision to transfer Mr Tucker from the NCS back to the Derbyshire Constabulary should be denied judicial review. }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13645166\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par 5.34\tab The characterisation of Mr Tucker\rquote s transfer as \lquote operational\rquote  was not the basis upon which the English Court of Appeal determined that the decision was not amenable to judicial review. 
\par 
\par 5.35\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745 There were three criteria upon which }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13645166\charrsid3414745 Scott Baker, LJ }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745 relied and by reference to which }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13645166\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745 he }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13645166\charrsid3414745 English Court of Appeal d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745 ecision}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13645166\charrsid3414745  was couched}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745 . It was not by reference alone to an \lquote operational\rquote  or \lquote management\rquote  criterion that Mr Tucker was denied judicial review. Rather, it was by reference to:}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852933\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls50\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745 the nature of the relationship;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid134856\charrsid3414745 and}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}the conditions of service;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745 and
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3163879\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}the nature of the decision.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792293\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5792293\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13309677\charrsid3414745 5.36\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13645166\charrsid3414745 Each of these featured centrally in the decision to deny judicial review. One of them alone is not, in my opinion,
 sufficient. None of them, in any event applies to the circumstances and facts of the decision presently in question.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15423343\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13645166\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8419123\charrsid3414745 5.37\tab }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14512399\charrsid3414745 (b)\tab Fiji}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14512399\charrsid3414745 \endash  Cases for Consideration: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629470\charrsid3414745 In addition to the cases referred to by the Respondents, I have had regard also to }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629470\charrsid3414745 State v. Publi}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11935778\charrsid3414745 c}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629470\charrsid3414745  Service }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11935778\charrsid3414745 Co}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629470\charrsid3414745 m}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11935778\charrsid3414745 m}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629470\charrsid3414745 ission;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629470\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Oveti Lal}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11408595\charrsid3414745 a}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629470\charrsid3414745 did}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11408595\charrsid3414745 i}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11629470\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16724286\charrsid3414745 [1995] FJHC 127;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16724286\charrsid3414745 Hbj0017j.1992s (19 July 1995);}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16724286\charrsid3414745 
State v. Decision of Public Service Commission & Attorney General;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16724286\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Alefina Vuki }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16724286\charrsid3414745 (Civil Action No. HBJ 0046 of 1999, 9 July 2000);}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid134856\charrsid3414745 Sevita Devi Nair
 v. Permanent Secretary for Education and Attorney General of the Republic of Fiji (No. 1)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid134856\charrsid3414745  (Judicial Review HBJ No. 02 of 2008, 11 February 2008);}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid134856\charrsid3414745 Rejendra Prasad v. Divisional Engineer Northern and Ministry for Transport, Works and Energy }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid134856\charrsid3414745 (Judicial Review No. HBJ03 of 2007, 17 July 2008)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591453\charrsid3414745 ;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591453\charrsid3414745 Bijay v. Permanent Secretary for Education, Women & Culture }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591453\charrsid3414745 [1997] FJHC 134;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591453\charrsid3414745 Hbj0005j.1997s (12 September 1997)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid134856\charrsid3414745 .
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5393754\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 5.38\tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9702460\charrsid3414745 (i)\tab General Principles
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852933 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12409331\charrsid3414745 As a general matter, it is useful to refer first to }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12409331\charrsid3414745 Bijay v. Permanent Secretary}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12409331\charrsid3414745 , for there the Court set out, referring with approval to a number of authorities, including }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12409331\charrsid3414745 
Chief Constable of the North Wales Police v. Evans }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12409331\charrsid3414745 (1982) 1 WLR 1155;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12409331\charrsid3414745 
Annetts v. McCann}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12409331\charrsid3414745 (1990) 170 CLR 596:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12409331\charrsid3414745 Birss v. Secr}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 et}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12409331\charrsid3414745 a}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 r}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12409331\charrsid3414745 y for Justice }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12409331\charrsid3414745 (1984) 1 NZLR 513;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 Pea}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881975\charrsid3414745 r}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 lberg v. Varty }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 (1972) 1 WLR 534;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12409331\charrsid3414745 and }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12409331\charrsid3414745 Bourke v. State Se}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881975\charrsid3414745 r}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12409331\charrsid3414745 vices Commission }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12409331\charrsid3414745 (1975) 1 NZLR 633}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12409331\charrsid3414745 the principles found}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 ing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12409331\charrsid3414745  judicial review in this country. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 
Each of these cases recognises the scope of judicial review and the progressive nature of the law and its development in this jurisdiction over time. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13591453\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881975\charrsid3414745 5.39\tab In }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881975\charrsid3414745 Bijay v. Permanent Secretary}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid881975\charrsid3414745 , }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 His Lordship adverted to the words of Lord Hailsham in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 Pearlberg v. Varty }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 (1972) 1 WLR 534:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 The doctrine of natural justice has come in for increasing consideration i
n recent years, and the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295161\charrsid3414745 courts}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745  generally, and your }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295161\charrsid3414745 
Lordships}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 \rquote  House }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295161\charrsid3414745 in particular}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 
, have, I think rightly, advanced the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295161\charrsid3414745 frontiers}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745  considerably \'85
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295161\charrsid3414745 5.40\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 H}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295161\charrsid3414745 is Lordship in }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295161\charrsid3414745 Bijay v. Permanent Secretary }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 observed it to be:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 \'85 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295161\charrsid3414745 
pertinent }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 to bear }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295161\charrsid3414745 in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 mind }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295161\charrsid3414745 b}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 y a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295161\charrsid3414745 l}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 l those who have cast upon them the duty to make decisions the following words of Lo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295161\charrsid3414745 r}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 d Hailsham in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 Chief}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295161\charrsid3414745 
 Constable of the North Wales Police}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745  v. Evans }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 (1982) 1 WLR 1155 \'85 on the purpose of the remedy by way of judicial}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295161\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 review under Order 53:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295161\charrsid3414745 This remedy, vastly in
creased in extent, and rendered, over along period in recent years, of infinitely more convenient access than that provided by the old prerogative writs and actions for a declaration, is intended to protect the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9702460\charrsid3414745 individual}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295161\charrsid3414745  against the abuse of power by a wi
de range of authorities, judicial, quasi-judicial and, as would originally have been thought when I first practiced at the Bar, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9702460\charrsid3414745 a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295161\charrsid3414745 dm}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9702460\charrsid3414745 inistrative. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 
It is not intended to take away from those authorities the powers }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295161\charrsid3414745 and}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745  discretions properly vested in them by }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295161\charrsid3414745 law}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745  and to substitute the courts }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295161\charrsid3414745 as}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745  bodies ma}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295161\charrsid3414745 k}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 
ing the decisions. It is intended to see that the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295161\charrsid3414745 relevant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295161\charrsid3414745 
authorities}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745  use their powers in a proper manner: at 1160 (}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295161\charrsid3414745 Emphasis}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745  in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 Bija v. Permanent }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7295161\charrsid3414745 Secretary}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 , at 5)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15105151\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 5.41\tab Against this backdrop, I turn to consider the cases relied upon.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3952489\charrsid3414745 5.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 42}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3952489\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11425289\charrsid3414745 (i}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6110123\charrsid3414745 i}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11425289\charrsid3414745 )\tab Ministry}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14776300\charrsid3414745 /Public Service Commission}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11425289\charrsid3414745  Transfer Cases
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852933 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13309677\charrsid3414745 In }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13309677\charrsid3414745 State v. Permanent Secretary for Educat}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8419123\charrsid3414745 i}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13309677\charrsid3414745 on and Atto}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8419123\charrsid3414745 r}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13309677\charrsid3414745 ney General of Fiji;}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13309677\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Mohini Devi }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13309677\charrsid3414745 
(Judicial Review Action No. HBJ 07 of 2008, 19 February 2008) the Court considered two requirements must be satisfied for the grant of leave for judicial review: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16724286\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13309677\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894120\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls51\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894120\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13309677\charrsid3414745 he body under challenge must be a public bo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6110123\charrsid3414745 d}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13309677\charrsid3414745 y whose activities can be controlled by judicial review;
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13309677\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894120\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls51\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894120\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13309677\charrsid3414745 he subject matter of the challenge must be a claim based on pub
lic law principles not the enforcement of a private right. Not all decisions of a public body are necessarily matters of public law principles: at 2
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13309677\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3952489\charrsid3414745 5.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3952489\charrsid3414745 3\tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894120\charrsid3414745 Leave was refused w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321169\charrsid3414745 h}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894120\charrsid3414745 ere the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 A}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894120\charrsid3414745 pplicant was transferred from one school to another in circumstances were it was alleged that she was in an \lquote 
untoward liaison with the principal\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321169\charrsid3414745  (a \lquote rumour\rquote  upon which the transfer was based, and which she denied)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894120\charrsid3414745 : at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321169\charrsid3414745 1, 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321169\charrsid3414745 

\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3952489\charrsid3414745 5.4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3952489\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321169\charrsid3414745 There were two bases for the refusal. First, i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894120\charrsid3414745 t was held }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321169\charrsid3414745 
that th}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894120\charrsid3414745 e transfer was an operational/managerial internal matter and hence unreviewable, by reference to }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894120\charrsid3414745 State v. Fi}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1509245\charrsid3414745 j}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14894120\charrsid3414745 i Islands }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321169\charrsid3414745 Revenue & Customs Authority;}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321169\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Barbara Malimali }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321169\charrsid3414745 (HVBJ 2 of 2003);}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321169\charrsid3414745 State v. Public Service Commission;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321169\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Damodaran Nair }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321169\charrsid3414745 ((HBJ 14 of 2003L);}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321169\charrsid3414745 and }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321169\charrsid3414745 Usmal Nisha Dean v. Chief Executive Officer for M}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 i}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321169\charrsid3414745 nistry of Educat}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 i}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321169\charrsid3414745 on and }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 A}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321169\charrsid3414745 ttorney General of Fiji }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321169\charrsid3414745 (HB}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 J}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321169\charrsid3414745  4 of 2004, 14 May 2004). Secondly, there was a more suitable alternative remedy: 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321169\charrsid3414745 
The crux of the matter according to the applicant is that she was not guilty 
of any untoward liaison with the principal. That type of fact finding exercise is more suitable for hearing before the Public Service Appeals Board rather than having it dealt with by judicial review which deals more with process of fair hearing. The appl
icant therefore should exhaust her alternative remedies: at 3
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2321169\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3952489\charrsid3414745 5.4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3952489\charrsid3414745 \tab The }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 A}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3952489\charrsid3414745 pplicant not having }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 
gone to the alternative school in accordance with }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3952489\charrsid3414745 her first transfer, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 she }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3952489\charrsid3414745 was transferred to another school}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 , and once more }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3952489\charrsid3414745 
sought judicial review}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 Mohini Devi v. Permanent Secretary for Educa}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 t}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 ion and Attorney G}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 e}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 ner}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 a}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 l of the R}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 e}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 public}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 of the Fiji Islands }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 (Judicial Review No. HBJ 18D of 2008S, 20 June 2008)
\par 
\par 5.4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 \tab She }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3952489\charrsid3414745 
was again refused leave. The conclusion was that the decisions to transfer to both schools \lquote were}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3952489\charrsid3414745 in the Court\rquote 
s view, not coloured by the allegations. They were made independent of them\rquote : at }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 The Court said that an opportunity to be heard could be expected only:
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 
\par \'85 if the decision to transfer directly resulted from the Respondent\rquote s finding against her of the allegations. There being no such finding, there can be no expectation\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495942\charrsid3414745 
: at 3
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495942\charrsid3414745 
\par 5.4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495942\charrsid3414745 \tab In any event, she had been given an opportunity to be heard on the transfer itself through the \lquote 
Notification to Transfer\rquote  letter, the procedure being in accordance with the requirements of the Public Service Commission Regulations:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 
The Applicant is given 28 days to respond but the final decision remains with the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495942\charrsid3414745 Respondent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 . }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495942\charrsid3414745 In the circumstances of a managerial decision \endash  transfer, which the Court concludes is the case in this instance, the Respondent need not explain the reason for its decision: at 3-4}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 
\par 5.4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 \tab In refusing leave, t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3952489\charrsid3414745 he Court relied upon the 
\lquote general proposition of law on judicial review that operational or management decisions of public or statutory bodies are not susceptible to the court\rquote s intervention by way of judicial review\rquote : at }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3952489\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 \tab 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2719682\charrsid3414745 5.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11344304\charrsid3414745 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 9}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11344304\charrsid3414745 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495942\charrsid3414745 Applicant}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745  also said that albeit not having exhausted }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495942\charrsid3414745 alternative}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 
 remedies the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495942\charrsid3414745 Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745  in its discretion could al}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495942\charrsid3414745 l}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495942\charrsid3414745 w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745  judicial review to proceed \lquote as it is more advantageo
us to the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495942\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 Ap}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495942\charrsid3414745 p}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 li}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495942\charrsid3414745 c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 ant allowing im}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495942\charrsid3414745 m}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 ediate restr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495942\charrsid3414745 a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 int on the Re}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495942\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 pon}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495942\charrsid3414745 de}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 nt, while the substantive matter is argued\rquote . The Court said:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 While the Court }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495942\charrsid3414745 would have}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745  given serious consideration }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495942\charrsid3414745 to the}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745  argument, it is of secondary importance for the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495942\charrsid3414745 purpose}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745  of this 
}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495942\charrsid3414745 application}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 , given the finding that there is no }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495942\charrsid3414745 arguable}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745  case to go forward}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495942\charrsid3414745 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid97330\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495942\charrsid3414745 
In the final [analysis], the court finds that the decision to transfer the Applicant \'85 falls under the category of ma}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6110123\charrsid3414745 nag}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10495942\charrsid3414745 
erial or operational decision of the Ministry and is not susceptible to judicial review: at 4 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3952489\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3952489\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14776300\charrsid3414745 5.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 50}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14776300\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11425289\charrsid3414745 The difficult}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14776300\charrsid3414745 y}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11425289\charrsid3414745 
 faced by this Court in respect of these decisions is that there are two earlier decisions I must take into account. In }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11425289\charrsid3414745 State v. Decision o}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14776300\charrsid3414745 f }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11425289\charrsid3414745 the Public Service Commission & Attorney-General;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11425289\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Alefina V}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14776300\charrsid3414745 u}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11425289\charrsid3414745 ki }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11425289\charrsid3414745 (Civil Action No. HBJ 0046 of 1999, 6 July 2000) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14776300\charrsid3414745 the Public Service Commission \lquote 
purported to transfer the Applicant from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade to the Public Service Commission\rquote :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3952489\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14776300\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14776300\charrsid3414745 The representations made by the Applicant to 
the Chairman Public Service Commission [under Regulation 13 of the Public Service Regulations] \'85
 are made in the belief that the real reason for the transfer was that the Applicant was conducting an illicit relationship with her former Permanent Secretary.
 She denied these allegations, and said that she was entitled to be heard before a transfer was effected on this erroneous basis.
\par \'85}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3952489\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14776300\charrsid3414745 For the purpose of the application, it is clear \'85 that the Applicant thought and still thinks that the real reason for her t
ransfer was an unsubstantiated and false rumour that she was involved in a sexual relationship with the Permanent Secretary:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14776300\charrsid3414745 at 3, 4
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14776300\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3552304\charrsid3414745 5.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 51}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3552304\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14776300\charrsid3414745 The Court held that the Applicant had sufficient standing}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1386307\charrsid3414745 , then looked at the substance of the application. The }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3552304\charrsid3414745 Court said that the \lquote real reason\rquote 
 for the transfer needed to be taken into account. The Applicant believed it was the allegation of an intimate relationship with a work superior. Counsel for the Respondent conceded that an illicit relationship \lquote per se is not a
 ground for discipline\rquote  and in making that concession suggested that the alleged affair \lquote was irrelevant to the transfer\rquote : at 6 
\par 
\par 5.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 52}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3552304\charrsid3414745 \tab 
The Court then listed a number of matters in the Affidavit material which raised questions providing the Applicant with an arguable case, and granted leave.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2233441\charrsid3414745 5.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 53}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2233441\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3552304\charrsid3414745 In }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3552304\charrsid3414745 State v. }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2233441\charrsid3414745 Public}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3552304\charrsid3414745  Service Commission;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3552304\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Laladidi }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3552304\charrsid3414745 [1995] FJHC 127;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3552304\charrsid3414745 Hbj0017j.1992s (19 July 1995), to which the Court in }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779938\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Alefina Vuki }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779938\charrsid3414745 referred, judicial review }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2233441\charrsid3414745 was}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779938\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2233441\charrsid3414745 granted}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779938\charrsid3414745  where an }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2233441\charrsid3414745 Assistant}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779938\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2233441\charrsid3414745 Commissioner}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779938\charrsid3414745  of Prisons }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6110123\charrsid3414745 was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779938\charrsid3414745 downgraded}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6110123\charrsid3414745 , }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779938\charrsid3414745 transferred, a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6110123\charrsid3414745 nd }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779938\charrsid3414745 issued a final warning. Allegations of an illicit relationship with a prisoner and \lquote association with a female }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2233441\charrsid3414745 
subordinate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5779938\charrsid3414745  officer to the extent that it has become a talking point to the subordinate officers\rquote  appeared to be at the heart of these three measures. }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2233441\charrsid3414745 The Applicant denied extra marital affairs saying that even if it were true, \lquote any such alleged affair occurred after official hours and cannot constitute improper conduct\rquote : at 5}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2233441\charrsid3414745 Eventually a disciplinary charge was laid against the Applicant as to an alleged extramarital affair and engagement \lquote 
in immoral conduct\rquote  thereby. The Court said that rarely if ever would immoral conduct as alleged constitute improper conduct within the meaning of the Public Service Regulations, and it would be \lquote a bad day for the law and our society\rquote 
 if employers, public or private, were alleged \lquote to be the judge or arbitrator of morals of \'85 employees\rquote : at 6
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6110123\charrsid3414745 5.54\tab Judicial review was granted, mandamus was issued for the Applicant\rquote s reinstatement to his substantive former post of Assistant Commissioner of Prisons;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6110123\charrsid3414745 his downgrading, transfer and loss of salary were declared unlawful, null and void, and he was awarded costs: at 7
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11361516\charrsid3414745 5.5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6110123\charrsid3414745 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11361516\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2233441\charrsid3414745 These cases appear to be on all fours with the two earlier cited cases}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12810356\charrsid3414745 , albeit with different outcomes}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2233441\charrsid3414745 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12845164\charrsid3414745 I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2233441\charrsid3414745 n the latter case, the evidence of \lquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11040537\charrsid3414745 illicit}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2233441\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11040537\charrsid3414745 relationship}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2233441\charrsid3414745 \rquote  taken into account in the transfer, etc decision }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12845164\charrsid3414745 was }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2233441\charrsid3414745 substantial}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12845164\charrsid3414745 , whilst it was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2233441\charrsid3414745 less in the other three cases 
\endash  even to the extent }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12845164\charrsid3414745 that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2233441\charrsid3414745 in one the Court dismissed it}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12845164\charrsid3414745 . However, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2233441\charrsid3414745 the Applicant in each case }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12845164\charrsid3414745 put }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2233441\charrsid3414745 a basis }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12845164\charrsid3414745 for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2233441\charrsid3414745 irrelevant considerations }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12845164\charrsid3414745 influencing }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2233441\charrsid3414745 the transfer decision. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3552304\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2233441\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11361516\charrsid3414745 5.5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12845164\charrsid3414745 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11361516\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2233441\charrsid3414745 I therefore put these cases to one side}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid270590\charrsid3414745  and say no more. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11040537\charrsid3414745 
Judicial comity \endash  relied upon by the Court in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11040537\charrsid3414745 Dean v. Ministry of Education }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11040537\charrsid3414745 [2004] FJHC 418;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11040537\charrsid3414745 HBJ0004.2004L (14 May 2004), at 4, in following }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2387193\charrsid3414745 
State v. Fiji Islands Revenue & Customs Authority and Silipa Tagicaki Kubuabolan;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2387193\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Barbara Malimali }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2387193\charrsid3414745 [2003] FJHC 100 (9 April 2003)(HVBJ 2 of 2003)}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid13983972 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\super\insrsid1120746 \chftn }{\insrsid1120746  }{\b\i\insrsid1120746 
FIRCA;  Ex parte Malimali }{\insrsid1120746 is listed in paclii under the heading }{\b\i\insrsid1120746 State v. Fiji Islands Revenue & Customs Authority;  Ex parte Tagickai }{\insrsid1120746 [2003] FJHC 100 \endash 
 that is, naming the Interested party as the applicant, under her middle name \endash  her full name being Silipa Tagicaki Kubuabola:  }{\field{\*\fldinst {\insrsid1120746  HYPERLINK "http://www.paclii.org/fj/cases/FJHC/2003/100.htm" }{\insrsid1120746 
{\*\datafield 
00d0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b02000000170000003100000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007000610063006c00690069002e006f00720067002f0066006a002f00630061007300650073002f0046004a00480043002f0032003000300033002f003100300030002e00680074006d000000
e0c9ea79f9bace118c8200aa004ba90b6200000068007400740070003a002f002f007700770077002e007000610063006c00690069002e006f00720067002f0066006a002f00630061007300650073002f0046004a00480043002f0032003000300033002f003100300030002e00680074006d000000}}}{\fldrslt {
\cs19\ul\cf2\insrsid1120746\charrsid11020526 http://www.paclii.org/fj/cases/FJHC/2003/100.htm}}}\sectd \linex0\headery708\footery708\colsx708\endnhere\titlepg\sectlinegrid360\sectdefaultcl\sectrsid1591617\sftnbj {\insrsid1120746 
 (accessed 9 February 2008). The heading itself is correct;  however the listing can lead to difficulty in locating the case.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11040537\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid270590\charrsid3414745 does }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11040537\charrsid3414745 not}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid270590\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11040537\charrsid3414745 assist here.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2233441\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14776300\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 5.5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1587365\charrsid3414745 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15941490\charrsid3414745 Dean v. Min}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 i}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15941490\charrsid3414745 stry of Education }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15941490\charrsid3414745 was another transfer case. There, Ms Dean was transferred after having undergone two major operations lea}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 d}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15941490\charrsid3414745 ing to a deterioration in her health, cau}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15941490\charrsid3414745 ing her absen}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1587365\charrsid3414745 ce}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15941490\charrsid3414745  from school }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1587365\charrsid3414745 in excess }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15941490\charrsid3414745 of her leave limit. The medical board, to which she was referred by the Min}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 i}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15941490\charrsid3414745 stry, recommended that amo}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 n}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15941490\charrsid3414745 gst other mattes she was fit to}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15941490\charrsid3414745 continue as a teacher and she be tr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15941490\charrsid3414745 nsf}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15941490\charrsid3414745 rred to another school}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1587365\charrsid3414745  with, effectively, medical supervision}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15941490\charrsid3414745 . Her existing terms and }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 conditions w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15941490\charrsid3414745 ere maintained}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1587365\charrsid3414745 , but }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15941490\charrsid3414745 he}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1587365\charrsid3414745 r p}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15941490\charrsid3414745 osition }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1587365\charrsid3414745 was}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15941490\charrsid3414745  Assistant Teacher ED8A. Previously she had been Assistant Head Teacher ED5B. 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 5.5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1587365\charrsid3414745 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1587365\charrsid3414745 Referring to }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15941490\charrsid3414745 FIRCA;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15941490\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Malimali }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15941490\charrsid3414745 \endash  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1587365\charrsid3414745 
by reference to judicial comity }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 the Court }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15941490\charrsid3414745 refused leave for judicial review.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1587365\charrsid3414745  Nonetheless the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15941490\charrsid3414745 case raise}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1587365\charrsid3414745 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15941490\charrsid3414745  disability discrimination within the meaning of section }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 38 of the Constitution}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1587365\charrsid3414745 , albeit this was not considered. Section 38 says}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 :}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15941490\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 (1)\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 
Ever}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 y}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745  person has the right to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 equality before the law.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 (2)\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 A person must not be unfairly discriminated against, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 irec}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 t}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 ly}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 or indirectly, on the ground of his or her:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 (a)\tab 
actual or supposed personal characteristics or circumstances, including \'85 disability;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 \'85}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 
accordingly, neither a law nor an administrative action taken under a law may directly }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 or}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 indirectly impose}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745  a disability or restriction}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 on any person on a prohibited ground.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 5.5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 9}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 Ms Dean may have been able to contend that the decision to transfer her was based in her disability. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 
The question then would have been whether in the same or similar circumstances a teacher
 without the disability would have been transferred and, albeit retaining salary level and conditions, be demoted in status. The subsidiary question would be whether measures were needed to be taken to maintain her in her existing position and, if so, whe
ther those measures cast an unreasonable burden upon the Ministry.
\par 
\par 5.6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 0}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 \tab This }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 
would elevate the application into the realm of the public, for there is a subs}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 an}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 ial public interest \endash  generally, and as exemplified by section 38 of the Constitution \endash  in ensur
ing that disability disc}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 im}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 in}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 ion does not occur}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745  and, where it does, redress is available for those whom it disadvantages}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 . }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268129\charrsid3414745 The question then would be whether irrelevant considerations had been taken into account in the transfer decision, and whether procedural fairness had been extended to Ms Dean.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par 5.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 61}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268129\charrsid3414745 T}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 he decision was that judicial review did not lie. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268129\charrsid3414745 S}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 
hould such }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268129\charrsid3414745 a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 case}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268129\charrsid3414745  a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 rise in the future, t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 he decision may be otherwise}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268129\charrsid3414745 
. Alternatively, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 an application}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268129\charrsid3414745  may be }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 denied leave}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268129\charrsid3414745  on }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268129\charrsid3414745  basis of }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 an alte}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 native remedy through employment law.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745  In any event, I am not persuaded that }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 Dean }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4806747\charrsid3414745 
stands for the proposition that there is an all-encompassing realm of \lquote managerial\rquote  and \lquote operational\rquote  decisions outside the purview of judicial review and into which transfer decisions 
within the public sector fall. The authorities, by referring to the need to focus on facts and circumstances of the particular case, show otherwise.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16014892\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723628\charrsid3414745 5.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 62}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723628\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15235445\charrsid3414745 Similarly with }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15235445\charrsid3414745 State v. Fiji Islands Revenue and Customs Authority;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  
}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15235445\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Krishna }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15235445\charrsid3414745 [2004] FJHC 407;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15235445\charrsid3414745 HBJ0014.2003L (19 April 2004). There, Collective Agreements with the two major unions representing employees of FIRCA governed the applicant\rquote 
s employment. The Court referred to the operational and/or managerial notion, relying upon }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15235445\charrsid3414745 FIRCA;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15235445\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Malimali}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15235445\charrsid3414745 . Again, however, that dealt with a most specific fact situation. 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723628\charrsid3414745 5.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 63}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723628\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15235445\charrsid3414745 The Court in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15235445\charrsid3414745 FIRCA;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15235445\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Krishna }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15235445\charrsid3414745 said amongst other matters:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15235445\charrsid3414745 Even without the provisions }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723628\charrsid3414745 contained}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15235445\charrsid3414745  in Clause 8.1 of the Collective Agreement 2002, it is difficult to conceive of }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723628\charrsid3414745 situations}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15235445\charrsid3414745  where the transfer of employees of a public authority from one station }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723628\charrsid3414745 within Fiji}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15235445\charrsid3414745  to another would not be a managerial decision. It is a decision relating clearly }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723628\charrsid3414745 to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15235445\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723628\charrsid3414745 the operation}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15235445\charrsid3414745  of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723628\charrsid3414745 authority}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15235445\charrsid3414745 
 and accordingly following the decision in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15235445\charrsid3414745 FIRCA;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15235445\charrsid3414745 Ex parte }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723628\charrsid3414745 Malimali}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15235445\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15235445\charrsid3414745 with which I agree, is not }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723628\charrsid3414745 amenable}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15235445\charrsid3414745  to judicial review: at 4 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15235445\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723628\charrsid3414745 5.6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723628\charrsid3414745 \tab This }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268129\charrsid3414745 squares }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723628\charrsid3414745 with the Australian authorities}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268129\charrsid3414745  in that }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 they, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723628\charrsid3414745 too, recognise \lquote administrative\rquote  decisions will almost always \endash  and very possibly always \endash 
 be managerial (and even \lquote operational\rquote ). }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 Even }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268129\charrsid3414745 for }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 the Queensland Supreme Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268129\charrsid3414745 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 
 where some (albeit very few) prison administration decisions were classified as outside judicial review, those were not wholly beyond its purview \endash  if bad faith }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268129\charrsid3414745 were }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 alleged.
\par 
\par 5.6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723628\charrsid3414745 Hence, th
e question is not answered by application of these terms, but by reference to the facts and circumstances. Administrative decisions which without question }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723628\charrsid3414745 are }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723628\charrsid3414745 amenable to judicial review will \lquote relate clearly to the operation\rquote  of the public body or executive government. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268129\charrsid3414745 
In these cases t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723628\charrsid3414745 he Court was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268129\charrsid3414745 not, in my opinion, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723628\charrsid3414745 
intending to make a blanket exclusion of all decisions \lquote relating clearly to the operation of\rquote  public bodies and/or executive government from judicial review.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15235445\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13723628\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 5.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 6}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 \tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3034955\charrsid3414745 (}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9268129\charrsid3414745 i}{
\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3034955\charrsid3414745 ii)\tab \lquote Managerial\rquote  and \lquote Operational\rquote  Decisions}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5198022\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852933 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12137411\charrsid3414745 Reliance for the \lquote managerial\rquote  and \lquote operational\rquote  dictum rests upon }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12137411\charrsid3414745 
State v. Fiji Islands Revenue & Customs Authority and Silipa Tagicaki Kubuabolan;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12137411\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Barbara Malimali }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12137411\charrsid3414745 [2003] FJHC 100 (9 April 2003).}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173589\charrsid3414745  Just as each case must be looked at on its facts and circumstances, so }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1915818\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15826325\charrsid3414745 o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173589\charrsid3414745 o }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173589\charrsid3414745 FIRCA;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173589\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Malimali}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173589\charrsid3414745 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14776300\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173589\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 5.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 7}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173589\charrsid3414745 In }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173589\charrsid3414745 
Sevita Devi Nair v. Permanent Secretary for Education and Attorney General of the Republic of Fiji (No. 1)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173589\charrsid3414745  (Judicial Review HBJ No. 02 of 2008, 11 February 2008) I analysed }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173589\charrsid3414745 FIRCA;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173589\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Malimali}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173589\charrsid3414745 , looking explicitly at its facts and circumstances which cannot be equated with those of the present case: at paras }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173589\charrsid3414745 
[4.3]-[4.23]
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173589\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 5.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 8}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173589\charrsid3414745 I will not repeat that analysis here, save as to say that that was a situation where, it was said:}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173589 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852933\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173589\charrsid3414745 
For the Applicant to succeed, she must show that the activity complained of is of a public nature. It would be difficult to convince this Court to agree to the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1915818\charrsid3414745 p}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173589\charrsid3414745 roposit}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1915818\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173589\charrsid3414745 
on that the decision to appoint an Acting Manager Legal for a period of 3 months falls within this exception. The decision amounts to no more than a management holding action to allow the selection of the new Man}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8600213\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173589\charrsid3414745 ger, Legal to be made. I cannot see how it can be elevated beyond that status to one of a \lquote public nature\rquote 
 and thence a \rquote public law issue\rquote  which may be resolved by way of an }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1120746\charrsid3414745 application}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173589\charrsid3414745  for judicial review: at 3

\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173589\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 5.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 9}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 \tab Not only was the position an acting one, for a short term. There was a Collective Agreement. There was a grievance procedure which the Court was \lquote of the view [its] procedures }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 nd processes of referral and hearing }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 t}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 o submissions on }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 g}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 ri}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 v}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 nces at every sta}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 g}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 
e, envisaged at the initial level of grievance at any rate, that all matters pertaining }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 o an indiv}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 id}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 ual\rquote s employment with FIRCA, could be addressed under [it]\rquote . The Court said that Ms Malimali \lquote 
had not exhausted all alter}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 n}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 ative remedies \'85 available to her\rquote : at 4}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173589\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 5.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 70}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 The Court relied upon }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 Tucker\rquote s case }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 
in respect of \lquote operational\rquote  decisions. I have discussed }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 Tucker\rquote s case }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 
and its implications already. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 Apart from the fact that the employing body in both cases was the public sector, t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 
here is no simil}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 i}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 ty between the decision, its facts and circumstances and the decision the subject of the present application. 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 5.7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 Nor am I persuaded that the cases that have followed }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 FIRCA;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Malimali }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 have the impact }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11346822\charrsid3414745 sought }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745 by the Respondents}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11346822\charrsid3414745 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13983972\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 The authorities illustrate well the principle restated here as to facts and circumstances}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5523221\charrsid3414745 
 and the importance of not generalising}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5523221\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par 5.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 72}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5523221\charrsid3414745 \tab }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 Nair v. Public Service Commission }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 [2001] FJHC 163;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 Hbc0359d.200s (28}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11346822\charrsid3414745  May 2001) confirms scope }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 remains }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11346822\charrsid3414745 f}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 or judicial review in management and \lquote operational\rquote  decisions involving public servants and public sector workers. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 

\par 
\par 5.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 73}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 There, the Court }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 held }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 that the claim should have been brought by way of judicial rev
iew, where the applicant had refused to move in accordance with a transfer decision and was dismissed by reason of h}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 er}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 
 refusal. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 The }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 Statement of Claim under the provisions of Order 18, rule 18(1) o}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 f}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745  the High Court Rules 1998 was struck out for that very reason}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 
, the Court saying:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 As I see it an employee\rquote 
s rights in respect of transfer depend either on contract, if the employee is privately employed or on }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 Regulation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 
, if the employee is a }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 public}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745  servant. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 
In this case the Plaintiff was a public servant whose position was protected by regulation 19. Regulations}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 
 19(3) and 19(4) provide an appeal mechanism where a public servant objects to a proposed transfer. Although paragraph 14 of the Pla}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 in}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 tiff\rquote s Statement of Cl}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 im refer to a \lquote formal
\rquote  notification of objection to the PSC no evi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 ence of such a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 notification was placed be}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 f}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 e me and there is no reference }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 o it in the corresp}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 o}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 nde}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 n}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 ce exhibited \'85 It will also be noted that }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 her}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 e}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745  is noth}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 ng to suggest that the Plain}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 ti}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 ff at any time took advantage of the gri}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 e}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 v}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 nce procedure set out in the Publi}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745  Service (Per}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 onal Griev}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 nce Pro}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 du}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 re) R}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 gu}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 l}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 t}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 ns 1990.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid67221\charrsid3414745 
Although mindful of the fact that the Plaintiff is not seeking re-instatement and that accordingly this action would be unlikely to be detrimental to good administration, I am satisfied that the Plaintiff\rquote 
s complaint should have been brought by way of judicial review seeking certiorari in addition to her claim for damages \'85: at 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2825938\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5734022\charrsid3414745 5.7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5734022\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5523221\charrsid3414745 It would indeed be lamentable if public servants were to be trapped between the decision in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5523221\charrsid3414745 
Nair v. Public Service Commission }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5523221\charrsid3414745 and the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15794198\charrsid3414745 scope attributed to }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15794198\charrsid3414745 FIRCA;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15794198\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Malimali }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15794198\charrsid3414745 by the Respondents. In such a circumstance, they would be left without redress}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5734022\charrsid3414745  or denied a remedy. 
\par 
\par 5.7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5734022\charrsid3414745 \tab This may follow for persons in the position of Mr Tucker in }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5734022\charrsid3414745 Tucker\rquote s case}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5734022\charrsid3414745  and for Mr Bartz in two of his cases: }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5734022\charrsid3414745 Bartz v. Qld Corrective Services Commission }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5734022\charrsid3414745 [1999] QSC 237 (4 October 1999);}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5734022\charrsid3414745 Bartz v. Department of Corrective Services }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5734022\charrsid3414745 
[2001] QSC 392 (12 October 2001)
\par 
\par 5.7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5734022\charrsid3414745 \tab I am not persuaded it should follow for Ms Nair on the facts and circumstances here presented.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11561385\charrsid5852933 6.\tab }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12860625\charrsid5852933 Grievance Procedure Not Followed}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11561385\charrsid5852933 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852933 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12860625\charrsid3414745 The Respondents say first that as there is no right of appeal in respect of a transfer within a district (as opposed to transfer from one district to another), Ms Nair\rquote 
s transfer is operational or managerial and hence not subject to judicial review. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 Secondly, say the Respondents, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12860625\charrsid3414745 there is,}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745  nonetheless}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12860625\charrsid3414745 
, a grievance procedure which does apply to Ms Nair, and as she has not followed it she should be denied judicial review. Her path, say the Respondents, is through the Public Service Commission\rquote s grievance procedure, not through this Court.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14173589\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12860625\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 6.1\tab Citing }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 The State v. The Ministry of Labour & Industrial Relations and Attorney General of Fiji;}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Fiji Mineworkers Union }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 (
High Court Jud. Rev. No. 1 of 1998S), the \lquote cardinal principle of administrative law\rquote  was reiterated by the Court of Appeal in }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 Public Service Association v. Kotobalavu }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 [2004] FJCA 51;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 ABU0031.2004S (11 November 2004), namely that \lquote 
save in exceptional circumstances\rquote , judicial review is not available where an applicant \lquote has failed to exhaust a suitable alternative remedy that is available\rquote : at 16
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9202272\charrsid3414745 6.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9202272\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 Here, t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9202272\charrsid3414745 he Respondent}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7493889\charrsid3414745 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745  rely upon }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7493889\charrsid3414745 section 28(1)(2)(3) of the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7493889\charrsid3414745 Public Service Act }
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7493889\charrsid3414745 1999}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7493889\charrsid3414745 :}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12860625\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7493889\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7493889\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (1)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls27\ilvl2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7493889\charrsid3414745 A chief executive must put in place, in his or her Ministry or department, appropriate procedures for employees to seek review of action that they consider adversely affects their employment.

\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7493889\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7493889\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (2)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls27\ilvl2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7493889\charrsid3414745 The procedures referred to in subregulation (1) must establish an appropriate balance between the needs of the employee for fair review, and the needs of the Minister or department
 in achieving results and managing performance.
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7493889\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7493889\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 (3)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls27\ilvl2\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7493889\charrsid3414745 If a Ministry includes a department \endash 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7493889\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li1440\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin1440\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7493889\charrsid3414745 (a)\tab The head of department
 need not put in place procedures under this regulation for the department if the Secretary of the Ministry has put in place procedures that cover the department.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15794198\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7803654\charrsid3414745 6.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7803654\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8533641\charrsid3414745 The Respondents say that the grievance procedure Ms Nair should have followed, and should be required to follow rather than judicial review, is:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8533641\charrsid3414745 \'85
 to firstly raise the grievance with the Principal of the school. The Principal will then rise the grievance with the Director Secondary at the Ministry of Education. The Director Secondary will then forward the grievance to the Deputy Secretary 
(Primary Secondary Education). The Deputy Secretary will then finally forward the grievance to the Permanent Secretary for determination.
\par 
\par The Applicant in this case did not follow the internal procedure for grievances but rather wrote directly to the Perm
anent Secretary for Education (per Annexure SN1 of the Applicant's Affidavit filed on 24 January 2008). Following this letter, she then applied for judicial review \'85: Respondents\rquote  Written Submissions, paras 20, 21
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8533641\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 6.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 \tab For it to have a place in the Court\rquote s
 consideration, a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4600241\charrsid3414745  grievance procedure must}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4600241\charrsid3414745 
be one that is published, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 made }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4600241\charrsid3414745 known }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 to }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4600241\charrsid3414745 the relevant employee group (in this case, teachers)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 , and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4600241\charrsid3414745 
able to be followed \lquote without fear or favour\rquote  by all employees/members of the group and the particular employee/teacher \endash  in other words, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11346822\charrsid3414745 here, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4600241\charrsid3414745 Ms Nair.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 6.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12065685\charrsid3414745 For the grievance procedure to be made known to all employees, including Ms Nair, it is fair to expect it is reduced to writing and circulated widely amongst all employees}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745  (as well as being available on the Internet, through the Ministry\rquote s Website}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11346822\charrsid3414745 )}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12065685\charrsid3414745 . A copy of it should have been made available to the Court}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745  together with the Website address and location. }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12065685\charrsid3414745 Without a copy, it is difficult for the Court to accept that Ms Nair should have followed an established procedure made known to her along with all other teachers. 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14776300\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 6.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4600241\charrsid3414745 Apart from this,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11346822\charrsid3414745  some may consider it a trifle }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4600241\charrsid3414745 
disingenuous for the Respondents to complain}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745  that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4600241\charrsid3414745 
in her writing to the Permanent Secretary for Education, namely by her letter of 3 December 2007}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11346822\charrsid3414745  (and/or solicitor\rquote s letter)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 , Ms Nair did not follow the grievance procedure}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4600241\charrsid3414745 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14776300\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4600241\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 6.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 7}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4600241\charrsid3414745 Ms Nair\rquote s letter of 3 December 2007 was a response to the Min}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 i}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4600241\charrsid3414745 stry of Education\rquote s \lquote Notification to Transfer\rquote  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 (\lquote Notification\rquote ) }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4600241\charrsid3414745 dated 29 Nov}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4600241\charrsid3414745 mber 2007 \endash  addressed and provided to Ms 
Nair at Rishikul. That Notification is signed \lquote for Pe}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4600241\charrsid3414745 manent Secretary for Edu}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4600241\charrsid3414745 ation\rquote . Therefore, it seems fair enough that Ms Nair responded by sending her letter to the Permanent Secre}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4600241\charrsid3414745 ary for Education}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5508978\charrsid3414745 . To send a letter of r}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5508978\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 p}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5508978\charrsid3414745 onse to the person in whose name the Notificat}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5508978\charrsid3414745 on is sent}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 , and whose title is at the foot of the Notification, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5508978\charrsid3414745 does not appear }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11346822\charrsid3414745 unorthodox }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5508978\charrsid3414745 to this Court. 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 6.8\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5508978\charrsid3414745 The Notification }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 (Annexure \lquote SN1\rquote 
 Affidavit 22 January 2008) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5508978\charrsid3414745 does }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11346822\charrsid3414745 contain}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5508978\charrsid3414745 , after }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 notifying }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5508978\charrsid3414745 Ms Nair of 28 days notice of her transfer from Rishikul to MGMHS}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393524\charrsid3414745 , advising of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5508978\charrsid3414745 her need to raise any views or concerns \lquote before the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5508978\charrsid3414745 x}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 pir}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5508978\charrsid3414745 y date\rquote  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393524\charrsid3414745 of}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5508978\charrsid3414745  28 days, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 and }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393524\charrsid3414745 setting out what will happen }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5508978\charrsid3414745 \lquote 
after considering your views\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 ,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5508978\charrsid3414745  the following parag}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14431045\charrsid3414745 
ra}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5508978\charrsid3414745 phs:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5508978\charrsid3414745 You are required}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5508978\charrsid3414745 to fill in the return re
sponse form below and send it the fastest way possible through fax, email etc. This is to allow for your transfer letters to be printed and sent to you before the holiday and transfer process to proceed.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5508978\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5508978\charrsid3414745 Fax : Director Secondary Education, 3312120 or email 
josefo.vofu@govnet.gov.fj or Fast Post to Director Secondary Education, Ministry of Education, Merela House, Private Mail Bag,, Government Buildings, Suva.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5508978\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 6.9\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393524\charrsid3414745 This }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16597420\charrsid3414745 does not }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393524\charrsid3414745 counter Ms Nair\rquote s responding by sending her letter to the Permanent Secretary as unremarkable \endash 
 indeed, proper. In any event, Ms Nair did not at that stage know that she was expected (as the Respondents now appear to assert) to be lodging a grievance and following a grievance procedur
e. It was perfectly proper for her to take the Notification at face value and follow the procedure outlined in it, rather than to convert to a grievance process. 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 6.10\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393524\charrsid3414745 It }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16597420\charrsid3414745 may }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393524\charrsid3414745 have been odd for Ms Nair to send her 3 December 2007 (Annexure SN1) to the Rishikul Principal, as is now suggested by the Respondents sh}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16597420\charrsid3414745 e sh}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393524\charrsid3414745 ould have }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12060973\charrsid3414745 done, to accord with the grievance process.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393524\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 6.11\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393524\charrsid3414745 The Court is not persuaded that the \lquote failure to follow the grievance procedure\rquote  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12060973\charrsid3414745 contention }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393524\charrsid3414745 has force. It does not counter Ms Nair\rquote s application for judicial review.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 6.12\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393524\charrsid3414745 The grievance procedure has flaws in itself, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12060973\charrsid3414745 
in addition to the for}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393524\charrsid3414745 egoing.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid12060973\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11357315\charrsid3414745 As is evident from Ms Nair
\rquote s case before this Court, Ms Nair had concerns about the Rishikul Principal. It is not precisely clear what these conc
erns were, for the information before the Court is limited. However, to suggest in the circumstances that Ms Nair should have followed a grievance procedure }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16597420\charrsid3414745 taking }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11357315\charrsid3414745 on a route via the Principal in respect of whose professional approach she }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16597420\charrsid3414745 appears }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11357315\charrsid3414745 to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16597420\charrsid3414745 have }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11357315\charrsid3414745 raise}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16597420\charrsid3414745 d as an issue }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11357315\charrsid3414745 in the investigation conducted in November 2007 into the Principal\rquote 
s performance, and earlier with Mr Hewson of the Ministry (in or about July 2007 \endash  see chronology) is unpersuasive. 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 6.13\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11357315\charrsid3414745 In }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11357315\charrsid3414745 Gray v. Pettman and State of Victoria }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2973160\charrsid3414745 [1999] VCAT 33 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7438261\charrsid3414745 the flaws in a grievance procedure where the first recourse is to the school Principal w}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 ere}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7438261\charrsid3414745  starkly evident. Ms Gray\rquote s complaint was of Mr Pettman\rquote 
s sexually harassing conduct. She could not complain to the Principal, for it was he }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 in relation to whom her complaint lay}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7438261\charrsid3414745 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393524\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7438261\charrsid3414745 The Grievance Procedural Manual was held in the Principal\rquote s office \endash 
 a stumbling block to her addressing the matter through the Department of Education\rquote s processes. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9393524\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7438261\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 6.14\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447445\charrsid3414745 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7438261\charrsid3414745 he problem for Ms Nair was }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16597420\charrsid3414745 not}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16597420\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7438261\charrsid3414745 that confronting Ms Gray}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447445\charrsid3414745 . However, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7438261\charrsid3414745 the grievance procedure route set by their respective public sector employers \endash 
 in both cases the Education Department/Ministry \endash  created identical difficulties. Just as in Lord Denning, MR\rquote s words a right to be heard must be a }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 meaningful }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7438261\charrsid3414745 right to be heard, or it is no right to be heard at all \endash  a grievance procedure must provide a properly accessible mechanism or route for the party with the grievance;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7438261\charrsid3414745 otherwise, it is no grievance procedure at all. 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398135\charrsid3414745 6.15\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 In }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 State v. Small Cl}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398135\charrsid3414745 a}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 ims Trib}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398135\charrsid3414745 u}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 nal;}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Fiji Electric}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398135\charrsid3414745 i}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 ty Authority }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745 (Judicial Revie}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398135\charrsid3414745 w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7304018\charrsid3414745  No HBJ 48 of 2003) }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398135\charrsid3414745 the words of Sir John Donaldson, MR in }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398135\charrsid3414745 R. }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447445\charrsid3414745 v}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398135\charrsid3414745 . Secretary for the Home Department;}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398135\charrsid3414745 Ex parte Swati }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398135\charrsid3414745 [1986] 1 WLR 477 were }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447445\charrsid3414745 echoed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398135\charrsid3414745 :
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398135\charrsid3414745 Where Parliament provides an appeal procedure, judicial review w
ill have no place unless the applicant can distinguish his case from the type of case for which the appeal procedure was provided: at 485, at 3
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398135\charrsid3414745 
\par 6.16\tab Ms Nair may not have }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1404378\charrsid3414745 concluded}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398135\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447445\charrsid3414745 until }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398135\charrsid3414745 having confirmed to her by the handwritten comment on the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1404378\charrsid3414745 Memorandum }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398135\charrsid3414745 handed to her on 22 January 2007 that her views expressed to the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1404378\charrsid3414745 Rishikul }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398135\charrsid3414745 investigation had a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398135\charrsid3414745 
part to play in the transfer (on this, see later). However, before that time she }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398135\charrsid3414745 was }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398135\charrsid3414745 
aware she had raised concerns about the Principal\rquote s performance with the investigation and earlier, as noted, with Mr Hewson. Hence, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447445\charrsid3414745 a }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398135\charrsid3414745 concern}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447445\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398135\charrsid3414745 
before 22 January 2008 to address a grievance as to her transfer or proposed transfer, through the Principal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447445\charrsid3414745  would be }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1404378\charrsid3414745 
indicated}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447445\charrsid3414745 . To require Ms Nair to go through the Principal in the circumstances is not to provide her with a viable grievance mechanism. Her case is distinguishable}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1404378\charrsid3414745 , per }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447445\charrsid3414745 Donaldson, MR}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398135\charrsid3414745 . 
\par 
\par 6.17\tab By making the grievance procedure route through the Principal, the Ministry}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1404378\charrsid3414745 \rquote s }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398135\charrsid3414745 
procedure does not encompass situation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1404378\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398135\charrsid3414745  where the Principal is a part of the teacher or employee\rquote 
s grievance, or where at least the Principal may not be, for cogent and explicable reasons, the \lquote first port of call\rquote  whom the party with the grievance wishes to approach. 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6835837\charrsid3414745 6.18\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447445\charrsid3414745 The Respondents aver }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14101526\charrsid3414745 it is \lquote well settle
d that Judicial Review brought under the provisions of RHC Order 53 is not, save in the most exceptional circumstances available where an alternative remedy exists\rquote : }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14101526\charrsid3414745 
Tony Udesh Bidesi }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447445\charrsid3414745 (Judicial Review No. 20 of 1977),}{\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447445\charrsid3414745 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain 
\s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid9447445 \fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\super\insrsid1120746 \chftn }{\insrsid1120746 
 This case involved an application for leave for judicial review in respect of a Magistrate\rquote s Court decision: }{\b\i\insrsid1120746 In re Tony Udesh Bidesi }{\insrsid1120746 [1997] FJHC 184;  Hbj0020d.1997 ({\*\xmlopen\xmlns1{\factoidname date}
{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Month}{\xmlattrvalue 11}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Day}{\xmlattrvalue 25}}{\xmlattr\xmlattrns0{\xmlattrname Year}{\xmlattrvalue 1997}}}25 November 1997{\*\xmlclose}). }}}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9447445\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14101526\charrsid3414745 citing }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14101526\charrsid3414745 Harley Development }{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1509245\charrsid3414745 Incorporation}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14101526\charrsid3414745  v. CLR }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14101526\charrsid3414745 [1996] 1 WLR 727 }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1404378\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par 6.19\tab This cannot }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14101526\charrsid3414745 deny Ms Nair a remedy through judicial review. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6835837\charrsid3414745 
First (and as to the grievance procedure generally) Ms Nair did follow the \lquote alternative remedy\rquote  \endash  she responded in accordance with the Notification, and Regulation
 13. It was only when that procedure did not appear to her to be operating as it ought \endash  because she received no acknowledgement or response to her letter of 3 December 2007 \endash 
 that she sought judicial review. As an intermediate step, she had her solicitors follow up her 3 December 2007 letter without, again, receiving a response to it. Hence, it was not Ms Nair who failed to utilise the \lquote }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1509245\charrsid3414745 alterative}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6835837\charrsid3414745 \rquote  procedure. It was the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1509245\charrsid3414745 alternative}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6835837\charrsid3414745  procedure that failed Ms Nair.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14101526\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6835837\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14838986\charrsid3414745 6.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1404378\charrsid3414745 20}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14838986\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867856\charrsid3414745 Secondly, to return to the grievance procedure as outlined by the Respondents, which was:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867856 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852933\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867856\charrsid3414745 \'85
 to firstly raise the grievance with the Principal of the school. The Principal will then rise the grievance with the Director Secondary at the Ministry of Education. The Director Secondary will then for
ward the grievance to the Deputy Secretary (Primary Secondary Education). The Deputy Secretary will then finally forward the grievance to the Permanent Secretary for determination: Written Submissions, para 20
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6835837\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14838986\charrsid3414745 6.2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1404378\charrsid3414745 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14838986\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867856\charrsid3414745 Leaving to one side the Principal, it would }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14838986\charrsid3414745 remain }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867856\charrsid3414745 
unsurprising for Ms Nair to have concerns about the utility of following the grievance procedure. Her application for judicial review }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1404378\charrsid3414745 has at its core }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867856\charrsid3414745 the proposition that the proposed transfer is a consequence of her having raised views i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1404378\charrsid3414745 n}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867856\charrsid3414745  the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1404378\charrsid3414745 Rishikul }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867856\charrsid3414745 investigation. }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4398135\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14838986\charrsid3414745 
\par 6.2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1404378\charrsid3414745 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14838986\charrsid3414745 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1404378\charrsid3414745 T}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867856\charrsid3414745 he grievance procedure states that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1404378\charrsid3414745 having gone to the Principal, }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867856\charrsid3414745 next }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1404378\charrsid3414745 is}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867856\charrsid3414745  the Director Secondary at the Ministry of Education. }
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14838986\charrsid3414745 Yet this, too, presents difficulty for Ms Nair.
\par 
\par 6.2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1404378\charrsid3414745 3}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14838986\charrsid3414745 \tab I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867856\charrsid3414745 n her }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14838986\charrsid3414745 A}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867856\charrsid3414745 ffidavit in Support s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14838986\charrsid3414745 he s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867856\charrsid3414745 ays that on 22 January 2008 the Divisional Educational Officer \endash  Central visited her at Rishikul and \lquote 
this time he handed me a Minute written by one Mr Buwawa, the Deputy Secretary for Education to the Director Secondary Education\rquote . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14838986\charrsid3414745 Ms Nair }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867856\charrsid3414745 attaches a copy of the Minute as Annexure \lquote SN5\rquote :
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867856\charrsid3414745 
\par The Minute sought a response by the 14th of January 2008 from the Director Secondary and also had other written notes }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8480102\charrsid3414745 on it}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867856\charrsid3414745 
 presumably made by officers who handled my case.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8480102\charrsid3414745 Upon closely perusing the Minute, I was able to make out the following comments made by the Director Secondary on the 17th of January 2008, in particular point 5 which states: \lquote 
Investigations on the allegations on the Principal concluded that only the Vice Principal of the School is against the Principal hence the need to throw her out as not to disturb the Principal\rquote 
s organisation in the school.' When I saw this notation my fears that my transfer was not professionally based was confirmed, furthermore I wish to state that certain allegations had been made against 
the Principal by other staff and some parents and I only responded to questions asked during the investigation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867856\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par I believe I was penalised for }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8480102\charrsid3414745 speaking}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867856\charrsid3414745  out }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8480102\charrsid3414745 against}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867856\charrsid3414745  the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8480102\charrsid3414745 Principal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867856\charrsid3414745  during the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8480102\charrsid3414745 investigation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867856\charrsid3414745  by being }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8480102\charrsid3414745 transferred}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867856\charrsid3414745  and this is not only unreasonable but also very unfair: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8480102\charrsid3414745 Affidavit}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867856\charrsid3414745  in Support, paras 12-16
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4867856\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3374600\charrsid3414745 6.2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1404378\charrsid3414745 4}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3374600\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14838986\charrsid3414745 For a grievance process to be effective, and for an employee to be required to follow it on the pain of being denied judicial review, it the employee }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1404378\charrsid3414745 cannot be}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14838986\charrsid3414745  obliged to comply in the circumstances }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1404378\charrsid3414745 
as existing here. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14838986\charrsid3414745 The Respondents say Ms Nair is mistaken in her belief that she is being victimised by the Ministry, the transfer\rquote 
s being a direct consequence of her participation in the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1404378\charrsid3414745 Rishikul }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14838986\charrsid3414745 investigation. For the purposes of the alternative r
emedy argument, it is irrelevant that she is or is not mistaken. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1404378\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par 6.25\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14838986\charrsid3414745 
To aver that she has bypassed an effective and appropriate grievance procedure that requires her not only to go through the Principal (with the problems adverted to earlier), but then have her grievance go to the Director Secondary }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1404378\charrsid3414745 - }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14838986\charrsid3414745 the very officer making}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid806739\charrsid3414745  or reading t}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14838986\charrsid3414745 he \lquote throwing her out\rquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1404378\charrsid3414745  comment vis-\'e0-vis }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14838986\charrsid3414745 
the Principal\rquote s position }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1404378\charrsid3414745 is unsustainable}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14838986\charrsid3414745 .
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid5852933 7.\tab Characterisation of \lquote Victimisation\rquote  as \lquote Disciplinary Offence\rquote 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852933 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 Ms Nair says she has been subjected to victimisation. She founds this contention in the fact}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15826325\charrsid3414745 s as she asserts them, namely }
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 that:
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 (a)\tab 
she was subject to a decision to transfer her from Rishikul to MGMHS;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 and
\par (b)\tab that transfer decision was based in or influenced by her expressing her views }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15826325\charrsid3414745 in the R}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 ishikul }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4095319\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 nvestigation}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15826325\charrsid3414745  in November 2007}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 ;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 and/or
\par (c)\tab it was based in or influenced by her expressing her views about the Principal of Rishikul to Mr Hewson of the Ministry some time in June/July 2007.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 7.1\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 In a sense, it may be said that Ms Nair\rquote s view is that she is being disciplined for having \lquote spoken out
\rquote  in the course of the Rishikul investigation.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 7.2\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 If Ms Nair w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4095319\charrsid3414745 ere}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745  being disciplined, she would have recourse to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 
Public Service Act }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4095319\charrsid3414745 1999 appeal p}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 rovisions: a right of appeal under section 25(1)(}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4095319\charrsid3414745 b) encompasses }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 \lquote the taking of discipline action against the appellant\rquote 
. The employee (the appellant) may appeal to the Appeal Board in that event.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10973889\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 
\par 7.3\tab However, the Ministry has not characterised Ms Nair\rquote s \lquote speaking out\rquote  as a disciplinary offence \endash  at least in the formal sense. Ms Nair believes she has effectively been \lquote disciplined\rquote 
 through the transfer process, but the Ministry says that her \lquote speaking out\rquote  had nothing to do with the transfer.
\par 
\par 7.4\tab Hence, it is not possible for Ms Nair to launch appeal action under section 25 \lquote for disciplinary action\rquote 
. Without any formal proceeding, this is impossible. Hence, in regard to the contention of victimisation, Ms Nair does not have any appeal rights. She has no alternative remedy. Her recourse is through judicial review.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid5852933 8}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16521044\charrsid5852933 .\tab Legitimate Expectations \endash  Regulation 13
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852933 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid73505\charrsid3414745 The }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid73505\charrsid3414745 Public Service (General) Regu}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10242332\charrsid3414745 l}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid73505\charrsid3414745 at}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10242332\charrsid3414745 i}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid73505\charrsid3414745 ons }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid73505\charrsid3414745 1999 say that \lquote transfer\rquote  does not include \lquote the movement of an employee between positions in the same Ministry or department unless the movement requ
ires the employee to change his or her residence from one station to another\rquote : s. 2
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid73505\charrsid3414745 .1\tab 
Division 3 deals with transfers. Regulation 13 says:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li360\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin360\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid73505\charrsid3414745 The Commission may transfer an employee without the employee\rquote 
s agreement only if the Commission has \endash 
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid73505\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 a)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls52\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid73505\charrsid3414745 given the employee 28 days written notice of the transfer;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid73505\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 b)\tab}given the employee an opportunity to state his or her views about the transfer;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid73505\charrsid3414745 and
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid73505\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 c)\tab}considered any views stated by the employee.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid73505\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 .2\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8220722\charrsid3414745 On the face of Regulation 13, Ms Nair\rquote s 
\lquote transfer\rquote  is not one that comes within it}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4095319\charrsid3414745 . I}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8220722\charrsid3414745 t does not require her change }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4095319\charrsid3414745 of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8220722\charrsid3414745 residence from one station to another}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4095319\charrsid3414745 ; it i}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8220722\charrsid3414745 s a movement \lquote between positions in the same Ministry or department\rquote . However, Ms Nair was served with the Notification which is a Notification under Regulation 13, or 
a Notification which follows the steps set out in Regulation 13. Hence, it is irrelevant that Regulation 13 does not \lquote cover\rquote 
 Ms Nair by its terms. The Ministry, by sending her the Notification, engendered in her a legitimate expectation (or reasonable expe
ctation) that the process of Regulation 13 or, in any event, that set out in the Notification (which mirrors Regulation 13) would be followed.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14838986\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8220722\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 .3\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8220722\charrsid3414745 
Ms Nair complied with the Notification. She followed the process. Consistent with authority \endash  for example }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8220722\charrsid3414745 Minister of State for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v. Teoh }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8220722\charrsid3414745 (1995) 183 CLR 278;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 Attorney-General of Hong Kong and Ng Yuen Shui }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 [1983] 2 WLR 735 (Privy Council, Appeal from the Court of Appeal of Hong Kong, 21 February 1983), if her expectations were not met, judicial review applies.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 .4\tab Ms Nair basis her application in this regard on the fact that:
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4095319\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls53\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4095319\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 he received the Notification;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4095319\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4095319\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 
he responded within time, by her letter of 3 December 2007;
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4095319\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4095319\charrsid3414745 h}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 
er letter was never responded to or acknowledged.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 .5\tab Hence, she says, she did not gain the benefit of Regulation 13 \endash 
 it was not complied with by the Respondents. This }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4095319\charrsid3414745 denied }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 her legitimate expectations, giving her the ground of review.

\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 .6\tab On the other hand, for the Respondents it is said that (albeit Regulation 13 does not apply):}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852933\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 \'85
 the transfer of [Ms Nair] was done in accordance with Public Service Commission Regulation 1999 concerning transfers. [Ms Nair] was given 28 days written notice of the transfer, she was given an opportunity to state her views, and upon co
nsideration of her views the respondent stilled decide that she be transferred and as such, the transfer was effected. It was decided that the transfer be effected as she was being transferred}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4095319\charrsid3414745  within the same distric}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 t the schools concerned were a few kilom
eters apart and the transfer was in line with the PSC Circular [Annexure \lquote A\rquote ]. In any event the PSC Regulations is silent on the written response from the Respondent hence a written response to [Ms Nair]\rquote 
s letter of 3 December 2007 was not done: Affidavit in Reply, 25 March 2008, para 13
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256500\charrsid3414745 .7\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 The }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256500\charrsid3414745 Respondents}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745  add that Ms Nair had the option of \lquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256500\charrsid3414745 
following}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745  the appeals procedure }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256500\charrsid3414745 outlined}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745  in the Public }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256500\charrsid3414745 Service}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256500\charrsid3414745 Commission}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256500\charrsid3414745 Regulations}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 \rquote 
 and this would have required the Respondents to }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256500\charrsid3414745 provide}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745  a written }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256500\charrsid3414745 response}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745  to her. As she did not appeal the decision \lquote as per the appeals procedure under the P}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256500\charrsid3414745 ublic}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745  Service Commission Regulations, the Respondent was not obliged to provide an answer to [her] objection letter\rquote 
: Affidavit in Reply, para 14
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256500\charrsid3414745 .8\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 Apart from the fact that 
the Public Service Commission Regulations do not provide an avenue of appeal for Ms Nair in respect of \lquote transfer\rquote  because they apply only to transfer from one district to another: s. 25(1)(c),}{
\cs16\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256500\charrsid3414745 \chftn {\footnote \pard\plain \s15\qj \li0\ri0\widctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid6256500 
\fs20\lang1033\langfe1033\cgrid\langnp1033\langfenp1033 {\cs16\super\insrsid1120746 \chftn }{\insrsid1120746  On the question of disciplinary action: s. 25(1)(b) see later.}}}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 
 it is not enough to provide an avenue for registering concerns about a transfer (as per Regu}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256500\charrsid3414745 l}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 ation}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256500\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256500\charrsid3414745 3}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4095319\charrsid3414745 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 , or the holding out by the Re}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256500\charrsid3414745 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 pon}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256500\charrsid3414745 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 ents that R}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256500\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 gulat}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256500\charrsid3414745 i}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 on 13 or }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4095319\charrsid3414745 its }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 process applied, because Ms Nair was sent the No}
{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256500\charrsid3414745 ti}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 fica}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256500\charrsid3414745 t}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 ion. The avenue has to be \lquote real\rquote . It cannot simply be a matter of rote, or a pretence at a process, or a holding out of a process that the pre}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256500\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 u}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256500\charrsid3414745 m}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 ptive tr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256500\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 nsferee\rquote 
s concerns will be taken into account, when they are not, or will not, be. If there is no response \endash  written or not \endash  then the presumptive transfer}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256500\charrsid3414745 e}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 e may well feel aggrieved. S/he may well 
be concerned that the matters raised in response to the Notification will not have any effect, and will not even be taken into account. At least a written response (or any response) acknowledges receipt and projects a possibility that the pre}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256500\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 umptive tr}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6256500\charrsid3414745 a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 nsferee\rquote s concerns may be}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 heard.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 8.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2914503\charrsid3414745 9\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10320159\charrsid3414745 
To comply with the requirement of procedural fairness, a \lquote right to be heard\rquote  must be real. That it is real can be signified in a number of ways}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2914503\charrsid3414745 . A}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10320159\charrsid3414745  written response is not the only way, or a necessary way. However, its absence can lead to an inference that concerns raised by the pre}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2914503\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10320159\charrsid3414745 um}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2914503\charrsid3414745 p}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10320159\charrsid3414745 tive transfer}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2914503\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10320159\charrsid3414745 
e will not be, or have not been, taken into account.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6053410\charrsid3414745 .10\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2914503\charrsid3414745 
The Notification itself raises concerns as to whether the holding out of a \lquote right to be heard\rquote  is real rather than perfunctory or a matter of rote, an \lquote invitation\rquote 
 put forward because Regulation 13 requires it. After stating that the Notification is to advi}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6053410\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2914503\charrsid3414745 
e the recipient that/she he is given 28 days notice of their pos}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6053410\charrsid3414745 i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2914503\charrsid3414745 tion, with effect from a s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6053410\charrsid3414745 t}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2914503\charrsid3414745 ipu}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6053410\charrsid3414745 l}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2914503\charrsid3414745 ated date, the Noti}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6053410\charrsid3414745 f}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2914503\charrsid3414745 ication continues:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2914503\charrsid3414745 
You are hereby informed that should you have any views or concerns regarding the transfer you may raise this before the expiry date.
\par 
\par If you do not respond with 28 days, it will be assumed that you have accepted the transfer.
\par 
\par After considering your views and concerns, if the Ministry is of the opinion that you should still be transferred then your transfer will be effected accordingly.
\par 
\par You are required to fill in the return response form below and send it the fastest way possible through fax, email etc. }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2914503\charrsid3414745 
This is to allow for your transfer letters to be printed and sent to you before the holiday and transfer process to proceed \'85}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2914503\charrsid3414745 : Annexure \lquote SN1\rquote 
 to the Affidavit in Support, 22 January 2008 (Emphasis added)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2914503\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6053410\charrsid3414745 .11\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2914503\charrsid3414745 A fair-minded reader, upo
n reading the last quoted paragraph, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10945280\charrsid3414745 might }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2914503\charrsid3414745 form a view that the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid347012\charrsid3414745 invitation }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2914503\charrsid3414745 for a response setting out views and concerns is}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid347012\charrsid3414745 
 not intended to be taken seriously: that is, there is a statement that \lquote your views and concerns\rquote  will be considered, but the Not}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4095319\charrsid3414745 ification goes on to say \lquote 
send the acknowledgement slip}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid347012\charrsid3414745  the fastest way possible\rquote  to \lquote allow for your transfer letters to be printed and sent to you before the holiday and transfer process to proceed
\rquote .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid347012\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11404439\charrsid3414745 .12\tab Even though the explanation can be that because the reference is to the \lquote return form\rquote 
 at the bottom of the Notification, upon which the presumptive transferee circles \lquote agree\rquote  or \lquote disagree\rquote  with the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9508061\charrsid3414745 N}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11404439\charrsid3414745 otification o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9508061\charrsid3414745 f}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11404439\charrsid3414745 
 transfer, the tenor of the Notification still does not provide confidence that the process is more than a nod in the direction of a right to be heard. This is particularly so when taking into account the lack of any acknowledgement or response to Ms Nair
\rquote s letter}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9508061\charrsid3414745 , much less an indication of how her concerns were }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8530110\charrsid3414745 dealt with}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11404439\charrsid3414745 .
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15826325\charrsid3414745 8.13\tab It also may be of concern that the Notification says:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15826325\charrsid3414745 
After considering your views and concerns, if the Ministry is of the opinion that you should still be transferred then your transfer will be effected accordingly.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15826325\charrsid3414745 
\par 8.14\tab It provides no indicat}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10945280\charrsid3414745 ion}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15826325\charrsid3414745  of what will happen where:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15826325\charrsid3414745 
After considering your views and concerns, if the Ministry is of the opinion that you should not be transferred \'85
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15826325\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10945280\charrsid3414745 8.15\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15826325\charrsid3414745 
Perhaps the assumption is that the party receiving the Notification will simply assume that, her or his views and concerns having b
een considered and the Ministry being of the opinion that s/he should not be transferred, then s/he will remain in situ. Hence, it need not be said. 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10945280\charrsid3414745 8.16\tab Yet w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15826325\charrsid3414745 hy}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10945280\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15826325\charrsid3414745 does the Notification not say so? If both possibilities are open \endash  views and concerns being 
considered and the Ministry remaining of the opinion for transfer, and views and concerns being considered and the Ministry reversing its opinion \endash  should }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10945280\charrsid3414745 
they not be stated, if each and either is a real possibility?}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15826325\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6053410\charrsid3414745 .1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10945280\charrsid3414745 7}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6053410\charrsid3414745 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid347012\charrsid3414745 The Respondents have said Ms Nair\rquote s letter of 3 December 2007 was taken into account. }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 Yet there is nothing provided beyond this statement to confirm the actuality of this \lquote taking into account\rquote . 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 .1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10945280\charrsid3414745 8}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid347012\charrsid3414745 A right to be heard does not occur simply by satisfaction expressed by one party as to t
hat right having been exercised. The party seeking the right to be heard must be satisfied}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6053410\charrsid3414745 , too}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid347012\charrsid3414745 
. This does not mean that that party can deny in fanciful circumstances that the right }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6053410\charrsid3414745 was not extended }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid347012\charrsid3414745 effectively}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6053410\charrsid3414745 , or was not real}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid347012\charrsid3414745 . However, it does mean that reasonable apprehensions must be given due weight.
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 8}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6053410\charrsid3414745 .1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10945280\charrsid3414745 9}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6053410\charrsid3414745 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid347012\charrsid3414745 Ms Nair\rquote 
s legitimate expectations have not been met, and her right to be heard as to her transfer, accrued by reason of the holding out }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6053410\charrsid3414745 (}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid347012\charrsid3414745 by }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6053410\charrsid3414745 the sending to her of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid347012\charrsid3414745 the Notification}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6053410\charrsid3414745 )}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid347012\charrsid3414745  that her concerns would be given due regard, has not been complied with.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 
\par 8.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10945280\charrsid3414745 20}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 \tab Had written reasons been provided, then the Respondents would have been able to answer Ms Nair\rquote 
s concerns as to the taking into account of irrelevant considerations \endash  her views expressed in the Rishikul investigation and/or previously to Mr Hewson;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 and the apprehension of bias arising by reason of the note on the Memorandum as to her expression of those views. 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid347012\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 8.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10945280\charrsid3414745 2}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 1\tab In their absence, Ms Nair\rquote 
s apprehension of bias and concern as to the taking into account of irrelevant considerations remain.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8530110\charrsid3414745  Possibly, they are exacerbated for silence implies an inability to provide reasons }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4339078\charrsid3414745 free from }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8530110\charrsid3414745 the role of the Rishikul investigation.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid5852933 9}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid347012\charrsid5852933 .\tab Irrelevant Considerations - Victimisation
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852933 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid347012\charrsid3414745 The Respondents say that Ms Nair\rquote s views as expressed in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4339078\charrsid3414745 the Rishikul }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid347012\charrsid3414745 Inquiry were not taken into account in the transfer decision. This, it is said, is clear from the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6053410\charrsid3414745 
timing and the matters that were taken into account. These are listed in the Affidavit in Reply of 20 February 2008:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4676346\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6053410\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6053410\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls54\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6053410\charrsid3414745 The decision to transfer Ms Nair to MGMHS was \lquote the result of a decision made on 16 March 2007 to transfer one Abhay Prasad from Saraswati College to act as Principal of MGMHS;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6053410\charrsid3414745 his transfer resulted in the discovery that Satwati Prasad, Acting Vice Principal at MGMHS is his wife. Ministry of Education discourages s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4339078\charrsid3414745 p}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6053410\charrsid3414745 ouses\rquote 
 holding positions of Principal and Vice Principal within one school. It was decided Satwati Prasad would be transferred creating a vacating in Vice Principal post at MGMHS \lquote and as [Ms Nair
] is confirmed as a Vice Principal in the ED2A Grade, ideally she was chosen to be transferred from Rishikul \'85 to [MGMHS] as Vice Principal \'85: at para 7
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11079598\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls54\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11079598\charrsid3414745 The decision was also made pursuant to Public Service Commission Circular No. 21 of 2007 dated 18 July 2007 on \lquote Rotation of Staff after Tour of Duty\rquote 
 - staff to be rotated after serving a \lquote tour of duty in a Ministry or Department and station\rquote , \lquote Tour of duty\rquote  defined as three years of service, and Ms Nair had been serving since 1 February 2001 at Rishikul: Annexure \lquote A
\rquote  to Affidavit in Reply, at paras 8, 9
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11079598\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls54\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11079598\charrsid3414745 Ms Nair\rquote s transfer was not made in isolation but occurred \lquote along with six (6) other Vice Principals who had served for more than three (3) years in one posting: at para 10

\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11079598\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls54\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11079598\charrsid3414745 The decision to transfer Ms Nair was made on 5 November 2007; the investigation at Rishikul was conducted on 8 November: para 12
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11079598\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 9}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 .2\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745 If the \lquote operational\rquote  and \lquote 
managerial\rquote  vs administrative dichotomy were to be accepted, then on the authority of the }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745 Bartz cases }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 
in the face of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745 \lquote bad faith\rquote , the decision to transfer Ms Nair would be open review. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 Ms Nair\rquote 
s apprehension of victimisation is an apprehension of \lquote bad faith\rquote  decision-making.
\par 
\par 9.3\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 A}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4339078\charrsid3414745 lternatively,}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 
 if there were any foundation for the proposition that Ms Nair was being victimised through the transfer decision, this would bring it into the realm of the public \endash 
 for undoubtedly there is a public interest in not having public sector or executive government decision-making associated with or a part of }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 v}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 ictimisation or being or constituting conduct that qualifies as }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 v}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 ictimisation. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 
There is a public interest in ensuring that public servants are not subjected to decisions based in victimisation or which are or constitute victimisation.
\par 
\par 9.4\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745 A third way of looking at the matter is to say that if there is material upon which a contention can be founded that the transfer decision was }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 influenced}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745  by or based in }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 reasons}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745  that constitute }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 v}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 ictimisation}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745 , the decision }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4339078\charrsid3414745 comes within }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745 the realm of the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 extraordinary}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 or exceptional circumstances, and }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745 out of the \lquote run-of-the-mill\rquote . }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 It again }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 
propels it into judicial review.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7081728\charrsid3414745 9.6\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10945280\charrsid3414745 A factor that }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7081728\charrsid3414745 could }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10945280\charrsid3414745 support the Respondent\rquote s position is that Ms Nair alone was not the subject of a transfer Notification. Five others were similarly }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7081728\charrsid3414745 affected. However, in a large organisat
ion it is more likely than not to be the case that more than one teacher will be subject to transfer at the end of the school year and prior to the commencement of the next. Thus, the fact that a number greater than just Ms Nair can be listed is not concl
usive. Neither is the fact that a rationale can be found for the transfer, including the Public Service Circular and the need to accommodate the need for a substitute Vice Principal at MGMHS due to the \lquote spouse\rquote 
 rule. Again, it could support the Respondent\rquote s position that Ms Nair was not subject to victimisation or her transfer was not linked to the Rishikul investigation. On the other hand, it may not.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10945280\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7081728\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 9}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7081728\charrsid3414745 7}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 \tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745 The problem for the Respondents }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7081728\charrsid3414745 is twofold.
\par 
\par 9.8\tab First there is the issue of \lquote best evidence\rquote  or \lquote evidence from source\rquote  as to who made the decision and when, how and why it was made \endash 
 all of which, if provided to the Court or to Ms Nair, may have settled the controversy conclusively. As it is not here, and Ms Nair does not have it, such conclusiveness is not possible at least by that means.
\par 
\par 9.9\tab The second }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745 lies in the comment made on the Memorandum to which Ms Nair refers. The problem is not overcome by saying that the decision to }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 transfer}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745  Ms Nair was made on 5 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 November}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745  2007, hence predating the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4160946\charrsid3414745 Rishikul }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745 inv
estigation. This is because:
\par 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls55\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745 Ms Nair states she provided similar information to Mr Hewson of the Ministry in or about June/July 2007: this is not denied by the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 Ministry}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745 . Hence, Ms Nair\rquote s views were known within and by the Ministry prior to 5 }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 November}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745  2007}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16130957\charrsid3414745 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls55\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745 So far as can be discerned, there is no documentary material }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7081728\charrsid3414745 confirming }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745 the date of the transfer decision as 5 November 2007 \endash  the Affidavit in Reply states this, but the deponent is \lquote }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 
Director}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 Administration }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745 Finance\rquote 
 and hence it would appear not the person who made the decision so cannot speak from his own knowledge as to the date of the decision}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16130957\charrsid3414745 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls55\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 If a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745 ccepting the date as 5 November 2007 \endash  the problem for the }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 Ministry}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745  is that it appears on the one hand to say that the decision was made on that date, ye
t on the other to say that Ms Nair\rquote s concerns raised in her letter of 3 December 2008 were taken into account. If that is so, then the date of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 (final) }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745 decision }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 was not 5 November 2008, but the date upon which Ms Nair\rquote s concerns were considered, taken i
nto account and then followed by a final decision that the transfer should go ahead. Even if this }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 later decision }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 
is taken as a confirmation of the decision of 5 November 2007, it means that events after 5 November 2007 are open to have played a part \endash  because at least up to 3 December 2007 (and the receipt of Ms Nair\rquote s letter) the decision was not 
\lquote final\rquote  \endash  as it could not have been if Ms Nair\rquote s concerns were to have been given any acc}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 ou}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 
nt at all}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16130957\charrsid3414745 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid8330265\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls55\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 That the comments on the Memorandum post-date 5 November 2007, 8 November 2007 and 3 December 2007 \endash 
 and were made apparently some time in January 2008 does not mean that that is the date the view was formed}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745  by the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15208364\charrsid3414745 
author of the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 comments}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 ;}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 rather, what is being said bespeaks a conclusion drawn prior to the note\rquote s being written}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16130957\charrsid3414745 .}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls55\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 What the note does confirm is that at least insofar as one extremely senior officer within the Ministry was concerned, }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15208364\charrsid3414745 
the Rishikul investigation was a key factor or \lquote the\rquote  key factor: }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 Ms Nair\rquote s views as expressed about the Rishikul Principal were central to the decision to transfer her}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16130957\charrsid3414745 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls55\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 As this senior officer expresses this view \endash  and no other as to the reason/s for her transfer, the conclusion fairly to be drawn is that Ms Nair\rquote s views as expressed }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15208364\charrsid3414745 in the }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 Rishikul }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15208364\charrsid3414745 investigation}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745  }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 did }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 have an
 association, at least, with the decision to transfer her}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16130957\charrsid3414745 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls55\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 Further, the words in which the comments are couched }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15208364\charrsid3414745 may }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 
indicate that more than the writer knew of Ms Nair\rquote s expression of view as to the Principal \endash  there is an obvious familiarity in the wordin
g, and an assumption that the reader of the Minute or the readers will know and understand the meaning of the comments. This }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15208364\charrsid3414745 may show }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 there is more, here, than a comment on the Minute \endash  the comment surely indicate}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15208364\charrsid3414745 s}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745  discussion involving }{\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 persons }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 not one pers
on (the writer) alone}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16130957\charrsid3414745 .}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15208364\charrsid3414745  Surely it would be dissembling to assert that that comment simply \lquote came out of the blue
\rquote , that its tenor had never before been uttered, that no one else had formed such a view or knew of such a view, that there had never been any discussion about the subject-matter.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745  

\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls55\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 Additionally i}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11404439\charrsid3414745 t is not unimportant that the officer expressi}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 n}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11404439\charrsid3414745 g the view is in the post of Director Secondary Education \endash 
 the officer to whom Ms Nair was invited to fax or fastpost her response to the Notification: Annexure \lquote SN1\rquote 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls55\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 Hence, if the decision were made on 5 November 2007}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 
 (and it was a final decision uninfluenced by anything that came after that date)}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 , the conclusion is that Ms Nair\rquote s expression of views to Mr Hewson played a role, rather than }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15208364\charrsid3414745 that there was no factor in the decision or decision-making associated with Ms Nair\rquote s views as to the matters being raised about the Rishikul Principal. A further conclusion can be }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16130957\charrsid3414745 that the 8 November 2007 investigations confirmed the decision-maker in the decision}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 .
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\f3\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 \loch\af3\dbch\af0\hich\f3 \'b7\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls55\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 If this latter is the case}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15208364\charrsid3414745  (even excluding any impact of the 8 November 2007 investigation)}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 , then Ms Nair\rquote s application must succeed on both counts \endash  lack of a fair hearing because her letter of 3 December 2007 was not taken into account;}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 and irrelevant considerations in respect of the taking into account of her views as expressed}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid15208364\charrsid3414745 to Mr Hewson }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11078191\charrsid3414745 vis-\'e0-vis the Principal.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9057479\charrsid3414745 9.10\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10975151\charrsid3414745 
The Memorandum raises further concerns about the timing of the transfer decision and can give further support to Ms Nair\rquote s apprehensions as to the reason for it. First there is the typed paragraph which says:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10975151\charrsid3414745 
Grateful if a response is forwarded from you office by 4.00 pm on Monday, 14 January 2008. }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10975151\charrsid3414745 
Please also include in your response the arrangements for her replacement at Rishikul Sanatan College. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10975151\charrsid3414745 (Emphasis added)
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10975151\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285035\charrsid3414745 9.11\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9057479\charrsid3414745 This gives a flavour of the \lquote arrangements for [Ms Nair\rquote s] replacement \'85\rquote 
 being a contemporary matter, rather than one which to match the Respondents\rquote  position must}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9057479\charrsid3414745 
have or should have taken place quite some time before \endash  back in November 2007, some two months earlier.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10975151\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9057479\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285035\charrsid3414745 9.12\tab That the decision to transfer Ms Nair was more}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9057479\charrsid3414745  contemporary than the Respondents assert }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285035\charrsid3414745 appears to have }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9057479\charrsid3414745 further support in the other handwritten notes on the Memoran}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285035\charrsid3414745 d}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9057479\charrsid3414745 um or Minute:
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9057479\charrsid3414745 1.\tab Humble apology for the belated reply.
\par 2.\tab The officer cannot appeal because transfer is within the district.
\par 3.\tab The confirmed AP of MGM is the wife of the new MGM }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285035\charrsid3414745 Principal}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9057479\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285035\charrsid3414745 who was}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9057479\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285035\charrsid3414745 earmarked to be Actg. Vice Principal.}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9057479\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285035\charrsid3414745 4.\tab Mr Chranji Lal has been transferred from TVET to be VP of Rishikul. He is a confirmed ED2A equivalent to the VP level of the school, Rishikul ..
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285035\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9272339\charrsid3414745 9.13\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285035\charrsid3414745 
Item 3. is a reference to the matter raised in the Affidavit in Response of 25 March 2008. It may also explain the lack of precision as to dates in the Affidavit when reference is made to the circumstances surrounding the decision to transfer Ms Nair}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9272339\charrsid3414745 . The relevant paragraph reads:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7285035\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9272339\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9272339\charrsid3414745 THAT }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9272339\charrsid3414745 
the decision to transfer [Ms Nair] to Mahatma Gandhi Memorial School was the result of a decision made on 16 March 2007 to transf
er one Abhay Prasad from Saraswati College to act as the Principal of Mahatma Gandhi Memorial School. Upon this transfer of Abhay Prasad to Mahatma Gandhi Memorial School, it was found that one Satwati Prasad who was the Acting Vice Principal at Mahatma G
a
ndhi Memorial School is the wife of the said Abhay Prasad. As the Ministry of Education discourages spouses to hold positions of Principal and Vice Principal within one school, it was decided that Satwati Prasad be transferred to another school. This crea
t
ed a vacancy in the post of Vice Principal at Mahatma Gandhi Memorial School and as [Ms Nair] is confirmed as a Vice Principal in the ED2A Grade, ideally she was chosen to be transferred from Rishikul Sanatan College to Mahatma Gandhi Memorial School as t
he Vice Principal of the latter school: para 7, Affidavit in Reply, 25 March 2008
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5719170\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10632108\charrsid3414745 9.14\tab 
The handwritten note gives a flavour of a decision made that Ms Nair should be transferred, then a search for a suitable placement, and the solution being found in respe
ct of the spouse problem arising at MGMHS. The Affidavit provides a far more measured version. As it has been made contemporaneously with the processes going on in the Ministry in regard to Ms Nair\rquote 
s transfer, the flavour of the handwritten note is more likely to be reflective of the process occurring.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5719170\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10632108\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6324220\charrsid3414745 9.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10632108\charrsid3414745 15}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6324220\charrsid3414745 \tab }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16518864\charrsid3414745 The Memorandum or Minute may also raise legitimate concerns on Ms Nair\rquote s part as to the fairness of the procedure or otherwise, in that it refers to a \lquote written r}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6324220\charrsid3414745 e}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16518864\charrsid3414745 sponse\rquote :
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16518864\charrsid3414745 Her written appeal, dated 3rd December 2007 was also marked }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6324220\charrsid3414745 to}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16518864\charrsid3414745  your office and I am still awaiting }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6324220\charrsid3414745 a written}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16518864\charrsid3414745  response from Secondary: Annexure \lquote SN5\rquote , Affidavit in Support
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16518864\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6324220\charrsid3414745 9.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14449747\charrsid3414745 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10632108\charrsid3414745 6}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6324220\charrsid3414745 \tab Hence, at least as at 11 January 2008 the expectation was that a \lquote written response\rquote  was to be provided to Ms 
Nair. It never arrived. Ms Nair asks why. The Respondents now say they were and are not obliged to provide one. An objective observer may be wont to wonder why a written response was unable to be produced and whether this provides support to the propositi
on that Ms Nair\rquote s concerns as to the Rishikul investigation are warranted.
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16518864\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6324220\charrsid3414745 9.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14449747\charrsid3414745 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10632108\charrsid3414745 7}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6324220\charrsid3414745 \tab Further, this lends itself to engendering in Ms Nair, even if she did not have it previously, a legitimate expectation that she should and would receive written reasons. The Me
morandum or Minute indicates an expectation on the part of the A/DSPS that he would be provided with a written response that was, in fact, a written response for Ms Nair. Hence, that she would hold such an expectation upon reading the Memorandum or Minute
 provided to her by a Ministry official, follows.
\par 
\par 9.}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2910209\charrsid3414745 18}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6324220\charrsid3414745 \tab Upon that basis, Ms Nair is entitled to a written response.
\par 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16518864\charrsid5852933 10.\tab Apprehension of Bias
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852933 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 For Ms Nair, it is said that the Court must address itself to the quest}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14895139\charrsid3414745 i}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 on of bias \endash  whether an informed observe \lquote wou}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14895139\charrsid3414745 l}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 
d reasonably apprehend bias or consider that there w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14895139\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 s a real chance of bias in}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14895139\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 the}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14895139\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 cir}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14895139\charrsid3414745 c}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 umstances\rquote : W}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14895139\charrsid3414745 r}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 itten Submissions, p. 6
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6324220\charrsid3414745 10.1\tab }{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 Lachan Bros Ltd v. Sunbeam T}{\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14895139\charrsid3414745 ra}{
\b\i\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 nsport Co Ltd}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745  (Civil A}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14895139\charrsid3414745 p}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 peal Nos }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14707626\charrsid3414745 45, 51, 57 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11404439\charrsid3414745 
and 61 of 1983) is referred to, in formulating the test as}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14895139\charrsid3414745 :
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14895139\charrsid3414745 \'85 }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11404439\charrsid3414745 
would the circumstances cause a rea}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14895139\charrsid3414745 s}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11404439\charrsid3414745 on}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14895139\charrsid3414745 a}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11404439\charrsid3414745 ble on-looker to think there w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14895139\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11404439\charrsid3414745 s a real likelihood of bias 
\'85 This re}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14895139\charrsid3414745 q}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11404439\charrsid3414745 uires the matter to be looked at from the objective standpoint of a det}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14895139\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11404439\charrsid3414745 ched on-looker and not from the subjective and dangerous }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid14895139\charrsid3414745 
viewpoint}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11404439\charrsid3414745  of a person directly affected by the decision: Written Submissions, p. 6}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2829112\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6324220\charrsid3414745 10.2\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2819406\charrsid3414745 
Adding to the unsettling nature of the facts and circumstances surrounding the decision to transfer is the lack of any clarity from the Respondents as to precisely who ma
de the decision, how it was made, precisely when it was made (as noted, the nomination of 5 November 2007 is not confirmed by any contemporaneous documentation or by \lquote best evidence\rquote  \endash 
 the person who made the decision him/herself providing evidence as to the date, the process and the basis for the decision). 
\par 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6324220\charrsid3414745 10.3\tab }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2819406\charrsid3414745 In all the circumstances, w}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473635\charrsid3414745 
hether or not the Respondents say the decision was made on 5 November so predating the 8 December 2007 Rishikul investigation, the detached on-looker could not in my opinion pas}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16130957\charrsid3414745 s }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473635\charrsid3414745 by with equanimity the comment written on the Memor}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16130957\charrsid3414745 a}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid473635\charrsid3414745 ndum}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16130957\charrsid3414745 :
\par 
\par }\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid16130957\charrsid3414745 
Investigations on the allegations on the Principal concluded that only the Vice Principal of the School is against the Principal hence the need to throw her out as not to disturb the Principal\rquote 
s organisation in the school: Note, Ministry Memorandum, 17 January 2008
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2819406\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid5852933 1}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6324220\charrsid5852933 1}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2819406\charrsid5852933 .\tab Conclusion
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852933 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868437\charrsid3414745 Counsels\rquote  submissions and provision of authorities has }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9981954\charrsid3414745 
been of considerable assistance to the Court. The Court finds as follows:}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4868437\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9981954\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9981954\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls56\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9981954\charrsid3414745 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 he decision in question is amenable to judicial review.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid6324220\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2)\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls56\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 T}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9981954\charrsid3414745 he }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid425558\charrsid3414745 
Applicant, Ms Nair, succeeds in her application for judicial review. }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid9981954\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid2819406\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid5852933 DECLARATION AND ORDERS}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid5852933 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 1.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls57\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 An Order of Certiorari is issued in respect of the decision made on or about 29 November 2007 by the First Respondent purporting to transfer the Applicant and the decision is quashed.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 2.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls57\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 A Declaration }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13059909\charrsid3414745 that the First Respondent\rquote s Notification of Transfer to the Applicant is unlawful, invalid, v}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13632690\charrsid3414745 o}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13059909\charrsid3414745 id and of no effect.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13059909\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13059909\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 3.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls57\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13059909\charrsid3414745 A Declaration that in respect of the decision made on or about 29 November 2007 by the First Respondent, the First Respondent acted in breach of the Applicant\rquote 
s legitimate expectations of being extended procedural fairness or natural justice, and so as to raise in the Applicant\rquote s mind an apprehension of bias in the making of the decision and/or the circumstances surrounding it.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid13059909\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 4.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls57\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 In respect of the claim for costs, the Applicant to file and serve a short schedule of costs on or before }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4403629\charrsid3414745 28}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745  }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4403629\charrsid3414745 August }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 
2008, and the Respondents to file and serve any reply on or before 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4403629\charrsid3414745 5}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745  }{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid4403629\charrsid3414745 September }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 2008.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 
\par {\listtext\pard\plain\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 \hich\af0\dbch\af0\loch\f0 5.\tab}}\pard \ql \li720\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\ls57\adjustright\rin0\lin720\itap0\pararsid5852933 {
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 Liberty to apply.
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11233311\charrsid3414745 
\par }\pard \qc \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid5852933 {\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5068001\charrsid5852933 Joce}{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7750750\charrsid5852933 
lynne A. Scutt
\par }{\b\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid11928792\charrsid5852933 Judge
\par }\pard \ql \li0\ri0\nowidctlpar\wrapdefault\aspalpha\aspnum\faauto\adjustright\rin0\lin0\itap0\pararsid3414745 {\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid5852933 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7750750\charrsid3414745 Suva}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10772410\charrsid3414745 
\par }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1795524\charrsid3414745 1}{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid7550224\charrsid3414745 4 August }{\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid10772410\charrsid3414745 2008}{
\lang2057\langfe1033\langnp2057\insrsid1795524\charrsid3414745 
\par }}